Journal of Business and Management Sciences

The mutual fund organizations are taking active part in financial inclusiveness and they are promoting investment habit among the investors. At present there are 37 Asset Management Companies (AMCs) comprise the mutual fund industry and manage assets over Rs 8075 billion. This industry has undergone spectacular growth in recent years, making this study one of extreme interest. In this context, this paper is intended to examine the role of mutual fund organization in financial inclusiveness with reference to performance through public and private sector.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

This article presents a detailed review of the literature relating to quality management and the various models that have been developed over the past decades for use in improving service quality. It begins by exploring the concept of service quality and introducing the Total Quality Management (TQM) approach. Thereafter, the article traces the historical development of TQM and considers how the practices associated with this philosophy have evolved over time to produce the fundamental model of Total Quality. Variables that are important in determining the success or otherwise of TQM approaches are then discussed, before the article moves to discuss how TQM has been extended from its original context within the private, manufacturing sector, into the public sector as a method to improve the delivery of services. Moving on from its consideration of TQM application in the public sector generally, the article addresses the use of TQM specifically in security organisations like the military, and the Six Sigma approach adopted by military organisations is presented. From this position, the use of TQM in police organisations is introduced before the article proceeds to consider a range of potential models of QM that may be appropriate in the context of law enforcement. In this respect, the usefulness of these different frameworks that are currently available for assuring quality is debated.

Quality normally focuses on fulfilling needs, and preferences of customers. Customer-driven quality product and service ensure to satisfy the requirements of customer beyond their expectations. As the organizations improve the quality standard of their product and services the customers' expectations change eventually. Keep this in mind, the fast growing organization anticipates the change and improves its quality product and services continuously. This aspect encourages widespread use of quality management tools, including cost of quality, process integrity, and various measurement techniques for the survival of the organization. Total Quality Management (TQM) acts as one of the powerful management tool which integrate both internal and external customer and able to provide quality services with limited resources. Present paper deals with TQM in academic libraries and aims to focus on how they can provide better quality products and services to stake holders. Since continuous change is occurring in the field of library and information services, academic libraries have to offer learning materials in all format, i.e. print (books and Journals, reports) as well as electronics medium(through digital networked information services). Attempt has been made in this paper to examine how academic libraries can able to provide quality services to their customers with limited resources by adopting quality management tool like TQM.

A functioning corporate culture is vital for economic success and a fundamental characteristic of every enterprise. The objective of the present paper is to analyze and compare the cultural profiles of the Mexican footwear manufacturing company Vogatti and the Mexican, but German-based, automotive supplier Novem Car Interior Design using the model of the cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede. Hofstede describes general and organizational culture by using the following 6 cultural dimensions: power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinityfemininity, uncertainty avoidance, long term-short term orientation and indulgence-restraint. The present paper is based on a collective case study approach and uses a Likert scale questionnaire. Generally, the two enterprises show remarkably different corporate cultural profiles in comparison to the original results of the Hofstede study for the Mexican society. Moreover, significant differences, due to different corporate characteristics, can be identified within the comparison of the two enterprises.

This research, conducted by the author when a Senior Researcher at Newcastle University, UK, was funded by a UK governance organisation to help them assess, integrate and improve their understanding of the governed population.

ABSTRACT: Governance organisations have been urged to develop more holistic evidence-based approaches with partners to better deal with issues affecting the governed population. This presupposes an understanding of the population, yet there has been little research work addressing how governance organisations come to understand their governed population, nor how this understanding can be improved upon within such organisations.

This case study examined in-depth how understanding of a governed population was developed within one UK local governance organisation and it explored how such understanding might be developed and improved through more holistic and evidence-based organisational learning within the organisation and its governance partnerships.

The research methodology involved placement within the governance organisation, participant observations on several projects and innovative initiatives, observations within, across, and outside the organisation, and also interviews with varied key stakeholders.

The study examined:

- stakeholder engagement and networks
- current and varied understandings of the population
- mechanisms actually used for developing understandings
- the influence of context on organisational learning

and analysed these to arrive at a recommendations to improve organisational understanding of the governed population.

In the case studied, significant strengths were found: including innovative past learning trials for development, extensive ongoing networking activities, and many varied and accumulating quantitative datasets available across partnerships.

However, entrenched organisational approaches and practices constrained the development of holistic evidence-based understanding, for instance: the absence of systematic maintained collective learning processes; weak recording and forgetting of understandings; methodological exclusion of stakeholders from the development of understanding; the relative neglect of qualitative data, explanations, investigations, interpretations, and reflexivity; and also implicit organisational acceptance of such limitations and low aspirations.

Nonetheless, untapped opportunities existed to enable change including: latent practitioner knowledge and innovative management champions, the desire for improvement and raised aspirations within learning networks, and the development potential of alterative learning approaches.

It was concluded that more holistic evidence-based understanding was possible, but required new learning approaches beyond those then in use in both local government or academia.   

Recommendations are made to utilise and develop improved organisational learning approaches trialed and reported in the case study.

It is argued that the case study findings, conclusions, and recommendations may be applicable to other similar local governance organisations and partnerships that seek to better understand local populations, services and interventions.

The work was also submitted for, and awarded, an MPhil (at Newcastle University, supervised by Prof. Patsy Healy)

Purpose: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is defined as individual's behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and it promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization. Though there are findings on the determinants and consequences of organizational citizenship behavior, criticisms are raised against them. Sometimes they are inadequate to explain the framework of organizational citizenship behavior. The study examines the relevance of OCB in Indian organizations and proposed a new theoretical framework for future research with its practical implications.

Motivation has been established to be a critical sensation in the operations of today’s small scale, large scale enterprises and multinational companies and its elements constitutes strength towards the achievement of organisations’ strategic objectives in competitive environments. This study seeks to unravel the effects of motivation on employee performance, with a strategic human resource management approach. The fortitude for this research led to the retrieval of information from secondary sources published on the subject matter, and reviewed literature revealed the significance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The careful examination of the content and process theories of motivation established actualities, and further facts described the impact of performance management on firms’ growth and the role of strategic human resource management in enhancing high quality performance through a motivated workforce. The available reviewed sources established that appropriate motivat...

Nigerian agricultural sector has witnessed series of setbacks and interventions in its long history of development with minimal impacts from rural integration, development and promotion of small scale enterprises as well as private-public partnerships. This paper reviews the roadmap to Nigerian agricultural transformation in the face of government commitments, SMEs integration and domestic/foreign direct partnership in food security and sustainability.

This research was funded by, and implemented within, a UK national research organisation, while the author was the KE and Impact Evaluation Manager responsible for assessing impact on a £15m UK government-funded research programme.

This work was also submitted as the authors MBA dissertation which was accepted and awarded in 2009.

ABSTRACT: A methodology and methods ‘toolbox’ is proposed for conducting impact research and assessment from within research programmes. The emphasis is upon how to clarify and assess the wider impacts from the early stages onwards.

The approach explicitly acknowledges, and attempts to address, the known issues and challenges of impact assessment while drawing upon the resources and opportunities available to research managers and researchers within such programmes.

The study has two triangulating foundations. Firstly, it examines the academic literature to help identify and design the pilot methodology and methods. Secondly it trials these in a real programme to both test and improve them.

The study was conducted over one year within one leading UK research organisation, where two research programmes (and around 60 research projects of £15m total value) were being assessed for their impacts. The study draws upon actual impact management experience and reflection, prospective (ex ante) and retrospective (ex post) assessments, participatory contributions from leading researchers undergoing assessment, and consultation with external users. The findings of this study outline the pilot and its first iteration. Recommendations are made for improvement to the methodology and methods.

A subsequent follow-on bid to UK government incorporating the impacts identified from implementing this methodology, successfully led to a further £15m of government funding.

It is expected the pilot methodology and methods will be applicable to other organisations, conducting and funding such research programmes, required to research and assess the wider research impacts.

Although primary focus of implemetation trials was upon research in physical sciences, technology, high-tech engineering, computing/IT, and environment, the wider literature study, the methodology design and justification, the methods proposed and used, and the resulting general recommendations and lessons are expected to apply more broadly to many other research areas, where the impact is to be found more widely in the society, economy, government or public sector or within organizations, policies, professions or the public.

Interest in this work is expected from research programme managers, impact managers and assessors, management consultants advising in this area, and government funding managers, all seeking to embed a developing approach to understand, capture, and enhance wider impact.

This research aims to describe and analyse the social capital variables , intellectual capital , and the performance of human resources in the context of information technology as well as to arrange a model of the role of information technology in moderating equation  the performance of human resources.
Employees used a population that is in the secretariat of the council  representatives of  buton regions that totaled 75 people. The sample is taken with  census approach, the overall population  as respondents research so that the total sample in this research is 75 people. The analysis instrument structural equation is modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS 2.0 M3) method.
The research results show that the social capital has a positive influence on human resources and intellectual capital. In addition intellectual capital also has a positive influence on the human resources performance. Information technology as variable moderation couldn’t give a moderating effect to equation in improving  human resources performance as submitted by researchers.

Keywords : social capital, intellectual capital, and the performance of human resources, information technology.

Index of mechanization and other productivity functions were used as indicators in assessing the impact of mechanization on agricultural production in Umuahia North LGA of Abia state, Nigeria. Analysis of research findings revealed that farmers in the area are predominantly small scale farmers with the major power source being human being. The level of agricultural mechanization was determined by a relationship between the various sources of farm power and the level of human involvement in each operation while the mechanization index was determined for the two identified sources of farm power; human and mechanical.  Low level of mechanical power input, underutilization of available mechanical power and reliability on human power in most of these areas contributed to low production efficiency, low level of mechanization (37.12%) and high MI average of 96.59%.

Hundreds of studies researching impact of capital structure on financial performance have been carried across the globe. A selected review of some of the latest ones reveal that most of them have been premised on a thin sample size. Ten such recent studies have minimum sample size of 10 organizations, minimum sample size of 237 organizations and a mean sample size of 56 organizations. The sample size choice has been largely ad-hoc not showing any relationship with the size of population. This research takes a scientific approach to study 400 multinational companies from India based on the population of around 5000 listed companies on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Due sectoral representation was given in the sample selected for the study. Here in this study the impact of capital structure on financial output of the selected companies was studied. Before the full-fledged study was carried, a pilot study was carried on the basis of 30 multinational companies. This article presents the conceptual foundations, literature review and findings from the pilot study.

This study explored how electronic procurement and performance of organizations is related. Electronic Procurement is very vital in achievement of organizations objectives. Electronic procurement involves more than online transactions. E-procurement delivers a very manageable and orderly method to provide a clear path in communicating with vendors during transactions. Despite their crucial role in improving people's lives and alleviating poverty, most non-governmental organizations have been recording poor performance. The general objective of the study was to establish the relationship of electronic procurement and performance of organizations in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objectives for the study were to establish how e-sourcing, e-ordering, e-invoicing and e-payment relates to performance of an organization. This study was guided by four theories namely,

Objective
The inability to implement environmentally oriented decision-making approaches that improve reliability in decision-making is one of the major problems in organizations, especially the private sector. However, the formulation of an appropriate model of strategic decision-making within insurance companies can modify the movement trajectory in insurance companies. Therefore, the present study seeks to explore the evidence-based strategic decision-making model embedded in the behavior of senior executives in the insurance industry through analyzing the discourses among insurance industry experts and strategic decision-makers.

Methodology
The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and is considered exploratory in nature. The statistical population of this research includes experts in organizations as well as policy making. Purposeful and snowball sampling were used to identify the experts. 20 experts were selected with regard to data adequacy. In-depth semi-structured interviews alongside library studies were used to collect the data.

Findings
The evidence-based strategic decision making model was designed using the grounded theory and the causal conditions of environmental uncertainty and strategic gap were identified. The main phenomena of discourse, seeking trust and strategic gap were identified with regard to the intervening conditions, moral constraints and personality traits of managers. The dominant context, organizational culture and organization's facilities and resources and the main evidence-based decision making strategy were identified and confirmed. The main consequences of this model are scientificism, coalitionism, strategic orientation and stakeholder engagement.
Conclusion
The quality of organizational decisions can be improved through regular application of six methods of eliminating bias. By expanding the amount of decision processes used in organizations, we can use our knowledge and agility in a world of uncertainty. Evidence-based decision-making is a process of systematic discernment, meticulous and rigorous evaluation and subsequently dissemination of the research findings to influence the management decisions; and it can continue to influence its management through change in management standards which can lead to positive effects on decision makings. Environmental uncertainty within the organizations which might be due to the lack of transparency of organizational goals and the mismatch between strategic decisions and organizational values ​​and the ambiguity of resource orientation often occurs as a result of lack of strategic planning in the organization. On the other hand, uncertainty beyond the organization and within the insurance market occurs due to high environmental complexity, the intensity of competition between insurance companies to attract portfolios and increase market share, the insecurity of insurance market information, changes in insurers' needs and non-technical breakdowns by competing companies and unethical practices by insurance companies aiming to attract portfolio and increase their market and the strategic gaps leading to the formation of the main phenomenon of the original model that is the trust-seeking discourse (including the need to make stable and clear decisions), gap analysis and identification of strategic issues. These are considered as an introduction to evidence-based strategic decision making.

This research studies customer loyalty in the banking sector in a very unstable region of East Democratic Republic of Congo by underlining the mediating role of customer satisfaction. It examines the relationship between perceived service quality, trust, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the banking sector of Bukavu by adopting quantitative cross-sectional research design and using self-administered questionnaires. Convenience sampling helps in collecting data from a sample of 225 respondents. Correlation and hierarchical regression help to test the research hypotheses. Customers perceive a relatively high quality of services they enjoy, their level of trust is relatively high and they are slightly satisfied. Consequently, they are moderately loyal to their respective banks. There are positive and significant relationships between the different couples of variables studied. There is 49.1% of variance explained in customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction positively and fully mediates perceived service quality and customer loyalty relationship and partially mediates trust and customer loyalty. Regular talks between banks and their customers should be privileged; customer satisfaction and loyalty should regularly be assessed and ethical values integrated.

Author’s Details: (1) Jiang Hong Li Corresponding Author: (2) Prince Asare Vitenu-Sackey (1)(2) Jiangsu University-Address: No 301 Xuefu Road 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province, P.R.China Abstract This paper adopts panel cointegration (FMOLS and DOLS) methodologies to establish the relationship among carbon dioxide emission, renewable energy consumption and foreign direct investments for a panel of 15 African countries for the period 2000 – 2014. The empirical results affirm a long run relationship among the variables. The long run estimates of the variables aver that renewable energy consumption is negatively related to carbon dioxide emission meaning renewable energy tends to reduce the pollution that results from carbon emission. Meanwhile, foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive relationship with carbon emission; in other words, FDI increases or causes a rise in carbon emission in the long run. Some recommendations are proposed to ensure the reduction of carbon emission. G...

Leadership styles have enormous impact on the performance of employees and achievement of organizational goals. Some organizations never encourage quality work culture while others consider quality work to serve the clients as a yardstick to measure the performance of the employees. Moreover, the culture that promotes quality ultimately leads to workplace harmonization. Numerous studies have reviewed different concepts pertaining to quality work culture, leadership, leadership theories, and leadership styles; so, the current research study has significant theoretical background. This study was conducted on 14 different NGOs (Non-Government Organizations) across Pakistan. These organizations are also called as humanitarian organizations or not-for-profit sector. The targeted population for the study was fulltime employees working for operations and other supporting departments in the humanitarian organizations, who are dealing with management issues and researches of the similar kind. The data were collected from 150 respondents working in different NGOs in Pakistan through questionnaires. Most of the respondents were either managers or deputy managers. The core purpose of this study was to explore whether a significant relationship exists between the leadership styles such as transactional and transformational leadership styles and quality-focused work culture or not. This study revealed that significant relationship exists between the two mentioned leadership styles and the quality work culture. Our finding reveals that transformational leadership has more significant effects on quality work culture in comparison of transactional leadership style. This study has been conducted with a hope to improve the work culture in the NGOs of Pakistan by finding out the most significant leadership style.

the study assesses the impact of stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment in stock market performance for the period of 1996 to 2017 in a comparative study of Ghana and Nigeria. The study used both panel and time-series approaches and methodologies such as unit root tests, cointegration tests, vector error correction model, dynamic ordinary least square, generalized least square, multiple linear regression (random and fixed effects) models and granger causality tests to make its statistical inference. The study concludes that stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment have a negative impact on stock market performance in a panel study, but both have positive impact on stock market performance in Ghana and Nigeria respectively. The study recommends further look into the areas for validation.

This paper analysed the effect of the employment status of household head amongst 10 villages on the remittance determinants of remittance receiving households in rural Bangladesh from Italy. Using micro-economic data from a survey conducted in 2013, multivariate analysis was carried out on 300 rural households. The empirical findings provided that the differences of the relationship among the other three (housewife, businessman and other) employment status of the household head. As for housewife is mostly associates with the age of migrant, marital status of the migrant, number of visit by the migrant, age of household head, investment in housing development and household living expenses. While businessman is closely related with all variables as housewife and also more determinants such as educational attainment of the household head, relation to the migrant, investment in business and loan repayment. The other categories of employment status show the significant relationship with...

Educating and training of small-scale entrepreneurs has been identified as key determinants in the establishment, growth, and survival of businesses which ultimately reduce poverty levels. In spite of the relationship that exists between education and training and poverty reduction among small-scale entrepreneurs, very little empirical examination has been done. This informed the current study to examine how educating and training of small-scale entrepreneurs by the Business Advisory Centre (BAC), a promotional institution, contribute to poverty reduction in the Nkoranza South Municipality (NSM). The study employed descriptive and evaluative designs. All the small-scale entrepreneurs who were registered with the BAC were included in the study. The systematic and purposive sampling methods were used to draw 278 small-scale entrepreneurs and three members of staff of the BAC. Questionnaires, interviews guide and focus group discussion guide were principally used to collect data from the respondents. The results from the study showed that the Business Advisory Centre (BAC), with its education and training programmes in the municipality has, to a large extent helped reduce the poverty levels among entrepreneurs. This was observed in increased outputs, incomes and levels of savings among the respondents. The study recommends to the BAC to increase the coverage and intensifies its education and training within the municipality.

Managing the workforce effectively is cumbersome and is also one of the key success factors of any organization. While managing workforce a manager deals with many factors affecting the performance of organization including workplace behaviour. It has significant role in determining the performance of employees due to this reason now the importance of workplace behaviour is being recognized gradually. This study explored the association b/w person-organization fit (PO-fit) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), person job fit (PJfit) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), person-organization fit (PO-fit) and deviant behaviours (DB), person job fit (PJ-fit) and deviant behaviours (OCB) and the role of empowerment as moderator has been be analyzed. Responses were collected from 307 respondents, through questionnaires, from service sector of Pakistan where telecommunication and banks were taken under study. Regression analysis were use to test the hypothesis. Results showed significant positive association of PO-fit and PJ-fit with that of OCB. Relation of DB with that of PO-fit remains disconfirmed whereas unsupported with of PJ-fit. Moreover empowerment was found to moderate only between PJ-fit and OCB, but not between PO-fit and OCB. Further studies are needed to explore more about antecedent and consequences of DB and the exploring more factors that influence OCB.

In the context of an increasingly competitive industry, customer loyalty is seen as a key factor in winning company. Forming a loyal customer is an important thing for company management. This article is a literature review of the factors that are the determinants of customer loyalty in the service industry. Through this article, the authors attempt to identify the various factors that are determinants of customer market share and to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. Customer's loyalty is one key to the success in the service industry.

The study examined the challenges related to enterprise risk management practices in rural and community banks in Ghana. Quantitative strategy was adopted via survey questionnaire to collect data from rural and community banks in Ghana. The study population was limited to rural and community banks in Ashanti Region of Ghana. Primary data was used for the study. Seventy -five (75) questionnaires were administered to respondents of 25 rural and community banks sampled for the study using purposive sampling. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS software. The study uncovered that ineffective staff training on ERM policies, inadequate risk professionals, high cost of ERM implementation, absence of risk officer visibility at board level, enterprise risk quantification and measurement among others were perceived by respondents as challenges related to enterprise risk management practices in rural and community banks in Ghana.

Several studies have documented that Africa's infrastructure construction firms often do not meet defined project objectives regarding; time, budget and functionality. This has often caused; delays, abandonment or disillusionments on the side of investors. Several contributing factors to these failures have been identified. However, very little if at all, seems to have been done on the project management readiness of African construction firms. Accordingly, this paper sought to assess Africa's construction industry readiness to deliver the priority action projects. Using literature review method, the study established that Africa has a huge technical skills gap which is the main reason for the dismal performance in construction projects' delivery. A readiness training model was developed for policy planners and educational practitioners to help build Africa's human capacity in infrastructure project management. The paper strongly recommends for the adoption of the model. And with that, the Africa's construction stakeholders may gradually improve their project management readiness.

The study examined the impact of financial development and foreign direct investment on banking sector performance in African with emphasis on countries with stock exchange markets for the period 1996 to 2016. The study adopted dynamic panel data generalized method of moment estimation model to make robust statistic inference. The study concluded that financial development and foreign direct investment have negative impact on banking sector performance in the samples used. The study recommends governments’ effectiveness in the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies to create an enabling environment for the banking sector to thrive.

the study assesses the impact of stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment in stock market performance for the period of 1996 to 2017 in a comparative study of Ghana and Nigeria. The study used both panel and time-series approaches and methodologies such as unit root tests, cointegration tests, vector error correction model, dynamic ordinary least square, generalized least square, multiple linear regression (random and fixed effects) models and granger causality tests to make its statistical inference. The study concludes that stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment have a negative impact on stock market performance in a panel study, but both have positive impact on stock market performance in Ghana and Nigeria respectively. The study recommends further look into the areas for validation.

The present paper focuses on measuring the employee satisfaction level in SBI. An extensive study has been done to identify the significant factors contributing to employee satisfaction. Demography study has been carried along with the Chi-Square test to test the independence of attributes. Factor analysis has been carried out to reduce the data and identify the critical factors.

This paper explores the instantaneous economic order quantity model by allocating the percentage of units lost due to deterioration in an on-hand inventory by framing promotional effort cost and variable ordering cost. The objective is to maximize the net profit so as to determine the order quantity, promotional effort factor, the cycle length and number of units lost due to deterioration. For any given number of replenishment cycles the existence of a unique optimal replenishment schedule are proved and mathematical model is developed to find some important characteristics for the concavity of the net profit function. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results of proposed model which benefit the retailer and this policy is important, especially for wasting of deteriorating items. Finally, sensitivity analyses of the optimal solution with respect to the major parameters and comparative analysis of different related EOQ models are also carried out.

This research studies customer loyalty in the banking sector in a very unstable region of East Democratic Republic of Congo by underlining the mediating role of customer satisfaction. It examines the relationship between perceived service quality, trust, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the banking sector of Bukavu by adopting quantitative cross-sectional research design and using self-administered questionnaires. Convenience sampling helps in collecting data from a sample of 225 respondents. Correlation and hierarchical regression help to test the research hypotheses. Customers perceive a relatively high quality of services they enjoy, their level of trust is relatively high and they are slightly satisfied. Consequently, they are moderately loyal to their respective banks. There are positive and significant relationships between the different couples of variables studied. There is 49.1% of variance explained in customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction positively and fully mediates perceived service quality and customer loyalty relationship and partially mediates trust and customer loyalty. Regular talks between banks and their customers should be privileged; customer satisfaction and loyalty should regularly be assessed and ethical values integrated.

Objective
Companies are constantly looking for new ways to distinguish their own products from their competitors. Managers, nowadays, use green marketing to differentiate their products and claim to be responsible for society and the environment. Customers are also looking for eco-friendly green products. So, companies have to change their marketing strategies to suit their customers' needs and encourage customers to buy green products through honest advertisement. Therefore, in this study, the effect of green wash on corporate social responsibility, green satisfaction, green perceived risk and green trust on intention to buy green products has been investigated.

Methodology
This study is applied in terms of purpose, and is descriptive and causal in terms of the nature and method of the research. The statistical population of this research includes the customers of green poultry producing companies in Gilan province, Iran. Using available sampling, the researchers attempted to create valid, accurate and generalizable samples. A sample of 84 customers was selected for this study considering the unlimited statistical population and the qualitative nature of the research variables. Library and internet resources such as books, dissertations, local and international accredited journals, and etc. were used to collect data regarding theoretical foundations in order to identify the variables as well as to collect research backgrounds. Data collection was done using field study and questionnaire distribution.

Findings
Research findings showed that green wash in corporate social responsibility has positive effects on perceived risk, but has negative effects on intention to purchase green products, green satisfaction, and green trust. In addition, green satisfaction and green perceived risk have a positive effect on green trust, and green trust has a positive effect on the intention to buy green products.

Conclusion
“The negative effect of green wash in corporate social responsibility on green trust” is the only research hypothesis that was not confirmed. The research results show that, to succeed in today's marketing environment as well as long-term survival, green chicken producing companies need to take into account their customers’ needs and attempt to satisfy the costumers, build trust and reduce customer risks. The results also confirm the negative impact of green wash in corporate social responsibility on the intention to purchase green products. Customer satisfaction is an important factor influencing the intention of customers to buy. The more pervasive the green wash in the market, the more the consumers will become skeptical about the corporate products. As a result, increase in customer skepticism leads to greater risk perception. Green wash in corporate social responsibility do not directly affect green trust, so the relationship between these two variables is explained through other mediating variables such as green satisfaction and green perceived risk. Companies need to make every effort to gain the trust of their customers, in order for the customers to ensure that these companies are sincere and honest.

The aim of current study is investigating the role of empowering leadership on employee innovative work behavior, we also exposure the mediating role of leader member exchange in the association of empowering leadership and innovative work behavior. The researcher distributes the survey which is self-reported for the purpose of data collection. We collect the data from permanent employee and their superverses, of Kunming rail and subway sector. The respondent of the study was 496 employees and 164 leaders. For analysis we used structural equation modeling technique. According to the results the empowering leadership positively influenced the innovative work behavior of the employee, the researchers further point out that the LMX mediates the association of empowering leadership and innovative work behavior. The study also confirms the direct and indirect effects of empowering leadership on innovative work.

the study assesses the impact of stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment in stock market performance for the period of 1996 to 2017 in a comparative study of Ghana and Nigeria. The study used both panel and time-series approaches and methodologies such as unit root tests, cointegration tests, vector error correction model, dynamic ordinary least square, generalized least square, multiple linear regression (random and fixed effects) models and granger causality tests to make its statistical inference. The study concludes that stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment have a negative impact on stock market performance in a panel study, but both have positive impact on stock market performance in Ghana and Nigeria respectively. The study recommends further look into the areas for validation.

This study examined the impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment and Turnover intention on public sector of Pakistan. The study used random sampling technique to collect data of 395 respondents from 36 institutions of public sector of Pakistan. The empirical testing indicates that Islamic work ethics has positive impact on organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees. Results also indicate strong negative relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. Implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Concept maps are graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge. This paper aims to present seven models in order to assess concept maps of students in classroom. These assessment models provide teachers (or professors) with a tool to evaluating concept maps and reinforcing the learning method instead of traditional teaching methods present in some higher educational institutions, such as in Brazil. To build this paper, this author made a deep research in national and international journals in order do find assessment models of concept maps. This paper does not propose to debate or discuss which model is considered the most suitable for the assessment. However it is possible to observe that the models have some "common" dimensions of evaluation, even though three of them have a larger number of dimensions or assessment. Thus, it is up to educators to choose the most suitable model for their needs and also considering the scope of each course. Future studies should put in practice some of these models with purpose to foment this knowledge area.

Index of mechanization and other productivity functions were used as indicators in assessing the impact of mechanization on agricultural production in Umuahia North LGA of Abia state, Nigeria. Analysis of research findings revealed that farmers in the area are predominantly small scale farmers with the major power source being human being. The level of agricultural mechanization was determined by a relationship between the various sources of farm power and the level of human involvement in each operation while the mechanization index was determined for the two identified sources of farm power; human and mechanical. Low level of mechanical power input, underutilization of available mechanical power and reliability on human power in most of these areas contributed to low production efficiency, low level of mechanization (37.12%) and high MI average of 96.59%.

Objective
There is almost no comprehensive and integrated view of the diverse applications of Internet of Things (IoT) in digital marketing by far. Given the increasing trend of research in this field, the present study aims to systematically and scientifically integrate previous studies to identify innovative uses of IoT in digital marketing and also to provide a comprehensive classification in this field. In addition, it is expected to determine which countries are leading in the use of IoT in marketing, how the IoT technology is used in each of the marketing areas, which marketing areas are affected the most by the use of Internet of things technology, and what mechanism are applied more by the researchers in the field of marketing.
Methodology
This fundamental study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods. In this way, firstly, the meta-integrated approach was used to identify the applications of IoT in marketing, and thencontent analysis was used to understand the trends and hot topics in this field. In the present research, Sandlowski and Barrowso's seven-step method was used to perform the meta-integration. The study population consisted of exclusively English-language articles in the databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, IEEE Explorer Scopus, and Emerald Insight between 2005 and November 2018. And the content analysis method was used to analyze the data.
Findings
Having examined and integrated the uses of IoT in all the different articles, initially the concepts encompassing the sub-applications and then the main categories that encompass the main applications are extracted into seven marketing integrated categories. Most applications have been reported in the field of promotion, as the majority of the articles have highlighted the ability of data obtained from the Internet of Things to understand customers’ behavior and personalized suggestions and advertising based on this information. The second highest contribution of IoT is reported on the applications of smart products in marketing and the changes that these products have made accordingly. The applications of Internet of Things in marketing have been investigated since 2012 onwards. In addition, product and process domains have been the first areas to propose the application of IoT technology, which makes sense given the development of intelligent products and the increasing role of IoT in process automation. On the other hand, the use of IoT in the field of human resources has recently been included in studies and has received the least number of researches which confirms the diminishing role of the human resources in the IoT era. Throughout time, Internet of Things has been used the most within the domains of products and promotions.
Conclusion
According to the results of this study and based on qualitative and interpretive content analysis, Internet of Things have effects on seven integrated marketing areas including product, location, price, promotion, processes, physical evidence and human resources. In terms of the impact of the Internet of Things on the product domain, the advancement of product features, product support, product quality, blending and branding of products and services can be taken into account. In terms of promotion, one can consider the use of new advertising methods and the creation of personal promotions as well as sales promotions, improvement of public relationships in marketing and direct marketing. In terms of of marketing processes, innovation in both sales processes and support and marketing research processes have attracted the attention of many companies and researchers. In terms of pricing, online data gathering and analysis have provided the opportunity to apply changing pricing methods and create diverse and effective discounts, as well as new revenue models. In terms of distribution, the Internet of Things has also been used as a new distribution channel and also for locating, especially in retails. In terms of physical evidence, the use of smart devices has also provided a more interesting customer experience. Applying IoT to human resources training and evaluating their performance have also been influenced by Internet of Things. Given the wide range of opportunities provided by IoT in marketing, it should also be noted that data protection and customer privacy are among the major threats of implementing IoT in marketing. It was even considered as a new and very important element of the marketing integration in the era of information.

Objective Crucial success in tourism industry would be feasible through customers' loyalty and their experiences. Accordingly, one can argue that organizations and companies need to do their best to build long-term relationships with their customers in order to create loyalty among the customers. Customer's experience is considered as one of the recent basic changes within the customer service management literature. Nowadays, organizations provide the new customers with their customers' experiences as an organizational brand. There is a consensus over the fact that shaping customer experience is important to create loyalty and that it can be considered as a key strategy producing wider and more capacities within tourism industry. The present study aims to investigate the customers' experience as an important factor affecting customer loyalty. Therefore, we need a comprehensive instrument to determine loyalty based on customers' experience, an instrument that can cover the weaknesses of the previous ones. This study aims at providing a model to determine customers' loyalty based on their experiences to get over with the flaws of the existing models and to evaluate the tangible and invisible dimensions of customer's loyalty using a procedural approach. Hence, hoteliers will be able to set positive and effective goals and plans in order to improve their customer services. Methodology This is a fundamental-applied research aiming at providing a model of loyalty based on customers' experience in hoteling industry. In addition, the study is considered as a non-experimental research. Qualitative research method and more specifically, systematic grounded theory method was used to respond to the research question. The research population includes related academicians and experts and the managers of four-and five-star hotels in Shiraz. Theoretical sampling was used as the sampling procedure. The data were collected through face to face interview with the experts and in

This study explored how electronic procurement and performance of organizations is related. Electronic Procurement is very vital in achievement of organizations objectives. Electronic procurement involves more than online transactions. E-procurement delivers a very manageable and orderly method to provide a clear path in communicating with vendors during transactions. Despite their crucial role in improving people’s lives and alleviating poverty, most non-governmental organizations have been recording poor performance. The general objective of the study was to establish the relationship of electronic procurement and performance of organizations in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objectives for the study were to establish how e-sourcing, e-ordering, e-invoicing and e-payment relates to performance of an organization. This study was guided by four theories namely, Disruptive Innovation Theory, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Technology Acceptance Model Theory and...

This study examined the impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment and Turnover intention on public sector of Pakistan. The study used random sampling technique to collect data of 395 respondents from 36 institutions of public sector of Pakistan. The empirical testing indicates that Islamic work ethics has positive impact on organizational commitment and turnover intention of employees. Results also indicate strong negative relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. Implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

In this paper an attempt has been made to show the economic significance of mining sector in the context of Orissa Economy in terms of value of total extractions, total employment generation and contribution of mining sector to State Gross Domestic Product and total revenue generation. Despite being the highest mineral rich state of the country, the state is designated as one of the poorest states because benefits of mining have gone to few hands caused by large scale corruption. The paper has explored how corruption starting from allotment of lease till the valuation of minerals and fixation of royalties has deprived the state exchequer from its dues, resulting in greater inequalities between the rich and the poor in the state.