Jeology

Previous researches had declared that geomagnetic signals were produced before earthquakes and that they provided insight about earthquakes. Later some dissenting academic publiacations argued whether such signals were real or not. And it is worth mentioning that these can also be caused by measuring instruments. Especially, we know that the measuring devices used are not very reliable in Greece, Turkey and Russia. In addition, I have chased the geomagnetic signals over the Aegean and Marmara zones for seven years with very different filtering and unique modern methods by supporting statistical approaches such as night filtering and exponential and simple moving averages. So finally that methods brought effective results before 22 days of the big last earthquake around Samos Island (M=6,7). The cross-interaction created by the energies released by the earthquakes in the Aegean region in 2019 showed me the idea that the energy released in 2020 requires an ideal periodic behavior. And I found that the period is close to a 5-month period according to my calendar. (There is a different calendar I invented). According to this period, the 5th and 10th months released a serious energy and we experienced two effective earthquakes during this period. In order to determine the days of earthquakes, a very advanced geomagnetic processing method should be followed. All studies that are not isolated from the distance of the reference location, military drills in the sea region, especially the active rise of the region in the Aegean or close technological work in the regions will generate false signals for us. The fact that the margin of error is above the 2-2.5% band is a big delusion for research. The geomagnetic and magnetic changes given by the American Academy of Sciences on behalf of earthquakes in American region has showed that anomaly occurred before earthquakes. And even before the famous Indonesia, Sumatra earthquake, geomagnetic signals declined rapidly and polar differences increased. In brief, geomagnetic signal processing, and in particular the method of interpreting it, is particularly important for the prediction of successful earthquakes.

MINERALOGICAL-PETROGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BUILDING
BLOCKS AND MORTAR-PLASTER SAMPLES OF THE KNIDOS ANCIENT CITY
AND GEOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR RESIDENTIAL AREA SELECTION
ABSTRACT
Hellenistic-Roman artifacts adorn the ancient city of Knidos which has left many remains as an important
culture, art, religion and trade center. Knidos which suffered attacts by the Persians in 6th century BC has
undergone a period that can be considered “golden age” in 4th century BC due to being as a member
Attica-Delos maritime union and later, according to Pliny in AD 45, had the title as “free city”. Early in 4th
century AD under Byzantine rule, they reached back to a welfare period which lasted until the 12th century
AD, but due to declining security in coastal settlement areas the city Knidos was gradually abandoned.
Today in Knidos, ruins of Dionysus Terrace and Temple, Stoa, Apollon Carneios Sacred Site its Temple
and Altar, Rounded Temple and Terrace, Demeter Sanctuary, Little Theatre, Odeon, Bouleuterion, “D” church
section, can still be determined.
The geology around Knidos consists of Kayaköy Dolomite of the Bodrum Nappe, Sarıabat Member of
the Göçgediği Formation, Limestone Member of the Karaböğürtlen Formation with Orhaniye Formation
belonging Gulbahar Nappe, Marmaris peridotite of the Marmaris Ophiolite Nappe, Yıldırım Formation,
Kos-Nisyros volcanic rock units.
Mineralogical-petrographical investigations were carried out on 24 building block and mortar-plaster
samples which represent various structures in this study. As a result, it was concluded that geographicalgeological
factors played an important role in the city location selection, also within the building materials
from rock formations in the region were used, and finally that the volcanic rocks are a result of the eruption
in Kos-Nisyros Island (bottom pumice unit by the 25th century BC, the upper pumice unit 15th century BC).

ÖZET Bu çalışmada Konya Bozkır ilçesinin 15 km güneybatısında yer alan 68,35 km 2 alana sahip Sarıot Gölü ve yakın çevresi için gerçekleştirilen jeolojik, jeofizik ve hidrolojik fizibilite çalışmalarda yer almayan jeomorfometrik analizler uygulanarak planlanan çalışmanın farklı bir teknikle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sarıot Gölü havzası'nın jeomorfometrik analizleri, topografik parametreleri, hidrolojik özellikleri, havza analizleri ve jeomorfometrik indisler dört grup altında incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar jeolojik, jeofizik ve hidrolojik fizibilite raporları ile karşılaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır. Analizlerin gerçekleştirileceği Sayısal Yükselti Modeli topografya haritalarından TIN yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Ortalama 15 derece civarında eğime ve 1700 ile 2480 m arasında değişen yükselti değerlerine, güneybatı üst çığır engebeli ve kuzeydoğu alt çığır nispeten düz bir topografyaya sahiptir. Havzada düşük çatallanma oranı (3,35) karstik su kaynaklarının yüzey akışına önemli bir katkısı olduğunu göstermektedir. Hipsometrik integral değerine göre (0,32) olgunluk evresinde olan havzanın gelişimde karstik yapısının yanı sıra tektonik etkinliğin de önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Planlama sürecine katkı sağlayabilecek TRI, TPI, TWI, HLI ve SAR indisleri daimi su tutulumunda karstlaşma-aşınım sürecinin daha aktif gözlenebileceği alanları tespit etmekte kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan CBS tabanlı jeomorfometrik analizlerin baraj yapım sürecinde planlamaya saha çalışmalarına ek olarak katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. ABSTRACT GEOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SARIOT LAKE (POLJE) BASIN In this study, geomorphometric analyses which are not included in the geological, geophysical and hydrological feasibility studies carried out for the Sarıot Lake basin. Basin has 68,35 km 2 area and located 15 km southwest of the Konya Bozkır district. The geomorphometric analysis of the Sarıot Lake Basin have been investigated under four groups: topographic parameters, hydrological properties, basin analyses and geomorphometric indices. The results obtained are interpreted in comparison with geological, geophysical and hydrological feasibility reports. The Digital Elevation Model that the analyses will be performed was produced by the TIN method from topography maps. Basin has an average of 15 degrees of inclination and elevation values ranging from 1700 to 2480 m, with a relatively rough topography of the southwestern part and a relatively flat topography of the northeastern part. The low bifurcation rate at the basin (3,35) indicates that karstic water sources are a significant contributor to surface runoff. According to maturity the hipsometric integral value (0,32) it is determined that the tectonic activity besides the karstic structure in the development of the basin is important. The TRI, TPI, TWI, HLI and SAR indices that may contribute to the planning process have been used to determine areas where the karstification-erosion process can be observed more actively in the case of permanent water uptake. It is believed that applied GIS based geomorphometric analyses could contribute to planning in dam construction process in addition to field studies.