Integrated Energy Planning

The price of natural gas is broadly aligned with the price of crude oil in all markets. In spot markets, the gas price has no formal relation with the oil price, yet some proportion exists between the two. For the American market, several rules of thumb exist that expresses this proportion as an oil-to-gas price ratio. Conversely, no equivalent applies to the European market. The aim of this paper is to determine a rule of thumb of the oil-to-gas price ratio that applies to the British spot market of natural gas. An explanation of the reasons that linked gas price to oil price introduces the subject and gives ground for claiming that a strong relationship still exists between the two. Subsequently, the main rules of thumb used in the American market are applied to the British commodities, namely Brent and NBP. The findings of this research show that the methods based on a proportion of heating value and price of competing oil products are more accurate than the others tested. An analysis of recent events concerning the British market of natural gas and its price determinants tries to explain the fluctuations not described by the rules of thumb previously discussed.

Grid system based on centralised electricity generation has posed serious challenges to the environment as well as to the economy. These systems have failed to electrify every household in the country due to technical and economical non-feasibility apart from higher transmission and distribution losses. In this context, distributed generation (DG) have been playing a prominent role in the regional development as well as electrification of remote villages. DG optimally harvests locally available renewable energy sources and integrates with the grid. Regional Integrated Energy Plan (RIEP) based on decentralised energy systems optimises share of available resources while ensuring reliable energy supply. Spatial assessment of renewable energy sources aids in effective planning to meet the energy demand at local levels. An optimal energy plan based on renewable energy sources mitigate GHG emissions, while providing reliable energy to all citizens in India.

La propuesta persigue diseñar, probar y validar metodos para la recolección de semillas en parcelas ò trabajaderos ubicadas en dos ò mas ejidos costeros a la Bahìa de Chetumal “Santuario del Manatí”y desarrollar y aplicar a nivel laboratorio y planta piloto la tecnologìa para la producción y almacenamiento de semillas forestales en un laboratorio propiedad de los ejidatarios participantes, estratègicamente ubicado para la exitosa difusiòn y comercializaciòn del producto