Immigrant Studies

Immigrants enter a rich religious market when they arrive in Miami. After 9-11, Islam has become an attractive option for many women that immigrate from Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper examines their motives for conversion, how their conversion affects their identity as Latinas in the U.S. and how their new religious membership encourages or obstructs their civic engagement. Furthermore, particular attention is give to the role of immigration and the gender disparity in the Latino Muslim community in South Florida.

Resumo: Apesar da preponderância do jus soli, o princípio da nacionalidade no Brasil, tal como exprimido no período da grande imigração, exigia a acomodação dos imigrantes e seus descendentes aos cânones assimilacionistas contidos no ideal de formação da nação. Sentimentos primordiais baseados no jus sanguinis, que fundamentaram algumas identidades étnicas formalizadas por grupos de imigrantes, colidiram com os preceitos do abrasileiramento e sua concomitante imagem de melting pot. Este trabalho discute formas diferenciadas de pensar a nacionalidade, a etnicidade e a pluralidade cultural na primeira metade do século XX, tendo como referencial empírico a elaboração de identidades étnicas produzidas no contexto da imigração no sul do Brasil e sua articulação com o processo de colonização voltado para a ocupação de terras públicas. Palavras-chave: identidade étnica, imigração, nacionalidade.

Values and Demographic Factors Affecting Attitudes Towards Immigrants Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence the Euro¬pean public opinion about immigrants. The paper is based on the European Social Survey (ESS) dataset. The European Social Research’s final wave dataset covers 19 countries. The sample size is 36,015. The data reveals that those who approve of self-transcendence (benevolence and universalism) refer positively to immigrants, while those who endorse values such as tradition, security, achievement and pow¬er (conservation, self-enhancement) are more negative towards immigrants. Hun¬gary, The Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria and Poland are the countries with the most anti-immigrant populations, but in countries such as Norway, Germany and Switzerland, anti-immigrant populations are relatively low. The harshest opposi¬tion to migrants comes from far-right, low-education and poor groups. There is an increase in the negative attitude towards immigrants as the age gets older. In other words, in the European countries data sample, the most opposed to immi¬gration are those with low socio-economic status who think that immigrants can take their jobs away. These groups also constitute the most important voting base of populist politicians in European countries. Keywords: Anti-immigration, Public Opinion, Values, Demographic Factors.

I developed, implemented, and evaluated a culturally appropriate pilot health education intervention at a community health clinic. My methods included identifying potential clients with indicators of high cholesterol, hypertension, and/or diabetes, developing curricula, and offering both individual counseling sessions and group workshops. Through eliciting the clients’ explanatory models of their chronic diseases and their typical diet and physical activity behaviors, the counseling sessions and workshops aimed to improve participants’ dietary, physical activity, and cardiovascular/diabetes self-care behaviors. A very small percentage of targeted clients attended the workshops, so a process evaluation was performed to assess clients’ actual and providers’ perceived barriers to accessing the workshops. Clients reported that structural barriers prevented them from attending, while providers perceived the clients’ barriers as sociocultural and structural. The evaluation provides evidence supporting the continuation of the workshops, as well as several recommendations for removing barriers to accessing them.

This article explores the U.S. career of the Dutch immigrant violinist Jacques Oliveira. Following successful performances in Britain, Oliveira sailed for the United States in the fall of 1859. Under P.T. Barnum's management, the twenty-three-year-old became a fixture on New York's theatrical scene, as an instrumental soloist with Tom Thumb's company, with the Drayton Parlor Opera troupe, and with Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels. After a year, he traveled south, settling in occupied New Orleans, where he had family connections. Despite the economic difficulties of the time, he soon became an important figure in the city's cultural life, only to die during an outbreak of cholera and yellow fever in the summer of 1867.In the absence of letters or diaries, the article relies heavily on close examination of period newspapers, city directories and census data to reconstruct Oliveira's world. Oliveira's activities, his successes and struggles, offer insights into the place of the working musician, newly arrived in the Unites States in the late 1850s. Examining the events of his life enables us to contrast cultural life in New York and New Orleans at the time of the Civil War. The article illuminates the place of the instrumentalist in the theater, reveals how attitudes toward music were influenced by a cultural hierarchy, provides insights into the place of the violin in the musical life of the United States, and examines the impact of the Civil War on musical life in New Orleans.


倫敦、紐約及美國內戰期間音樂廳的政治
本文通過研究美國內戰期間倫敦及紐約的音樂廳來探討英國及美國的關係。本文主要研究兩位於內戰期間遊走兩個城市的表演者: James Unsworth 及 Henri Drayton，他們均與兩個城市有所連繫並以文字和音樂表達他們的政見。我們可以通過兩位表演者來看看音樂廳以及樂手如何作為政見抒發的渠道。我們亦可看見政治、經濟及文化的改變開始影響美國。


ある移民ヴァイオリニストの遍歴: 南北戦争期のニューヨークとニューオリンズにおけるジャック・オリベイラ
本稿では、オランダ人移民のヴァイオリニスト、ジャック・オリベイラの米国における音楽家人生について考察する。英国で成功を収めたオリベイラは、1859年秋に船で渡米した。P.T.バーナムのマネジメント下に、この23歳の若者はソロ演奏家としてニューヨークの演劇シーンの常連になり、親指トム一座、ドレイトン・パーラー・オペラ団、フーリー・アンド・キャンプベルズ・ミンストレルで演奏した。1年後に南部に赴き、家族のツテがあった北軍占領下のニューオリンズに住み着く。当時の経済的困難にもかかわらず、オリベイラはすぐに同市の文化生活における重要人物の1人となったが、結局はコレラや黄熱病の流行した1867年夏に死去した。オリベイラの世界を再構築するにあたっては、手紙や日記がないために、当時の新聞、市の住民名簿、人口調査データなどを主に参照した。オリベイラの音楽活動やその成功と葛藤からは、1850年代末に新たに米国に辿り着いたこの音楽家の置かれた状況が明らかになる。また、生涯の出来事を調べることで、南北戦争時におけるニューヨークとニューオリンズの文化的生活が比較できる。本稿は、劇場における同演奏家の位置付けに光を当て、文化的階層性が音楽の嗜好にどう影響するかを明らかにすると共に、米国の音楽生活におけるヴァイオリン音楽の位置付けや、ニューオリンズの音楽生活に対する南北戦争の影響を考察する。

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