Hydroelectric

La construcción de embalses a lo largo del s. XX ha permitido la participación activa
de la arquitectura en los proyectos auxiliares que los acompañan, haciendo uso en
numerosas ocasiones de un lenguaje decididamente racionalista. A la manera de la
Thenessee Valley Authority, que contrató al arquitecto Roland A. Wank para diseñar
una nueva ciudad junto al embalse Norris, un equipo de jóvenes arquitectos de Oporto
(adheridos a las nuevas corrientes encabezadas por Le Corbusier o Gropius, pero
a la vez apegados a los valores líricos de un paisaje fronterizo teñido de melancolía)
dieron respuesta al encargo de diseñar varios complejos hidroeléctricos encadenados
en la tierra más deprimida del Portugal de los cincuenta, tomando conciencia de la
importancia del lugar como valor natural, de la cultura como valor propio y del contexto
condicionante complejo de la propuesta. Este posicionamiento, que encontraría
en el referente nórdico su más feliz manifestación a partir de la publicación de varios
textos de Aalto en portugués, se traduce hoy en un paisaje arquitectónico de fuerza
omnipresente, y su ejemplo en los complejos hidroeléctricos de Miranda do Douro,
Picote o Bemposta se hace extensible a Saucelle o Aldeadávila, de autoría netamente
española.


The construction of reservoirs over the 20th century has allowed for architecture
to play an active role in the duly auxiliary projects, many times using a most definite
rationalist language. Just as the Tennessee Valley Authority did, who hired architect
Roland A. Wank to design a new city next to the Norris Dam, a team of young
architects from Porto (followers of the new trends lead by Le Corbusier or Gropius,
but at the same time close to the lyrical values of a border landscape dyed with
melancholy) were appointed to designed several linked hydroelectric complexes in
the most depressed areas of Portugal in the 50s, bearing in mind the importance
of the location due to its natural value; the culture as a value in itself and the
convoluted conditioning context of the proposal. This positioning, which would
find in the northern reference its happiest manifestation as from the publication
of several essays in Portuguese by Aalto, translates today as an architectonic
landscape of omnipresent strength, and its example set in the hydroelectric
complexes of Miranda do Douro, Picote or Bemposta is applicable to Saucelle or
Aldeadavila, their authorship being entirely Spanish.

The research of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) is gaining attention due to its possible applications in many scenarios, such as ecosystem preservation, disaster prevention, oil and gas exploration and freshwater reservoirs management. The main elements of a UWSN are underwater sensor nodes (UWNs). In this paper we present HydroNode, an underwater sensor node prototype for monitoring hydroelectric reservoirs . The objective of this paper is to describe the design of HydroNode for Hydroelectric Reservoirs Monitoring. We only used commercial off-the-shelf components to build our underwater sensor node. Due to its multipurpose design, HydroNode can be used in different UWSNs, therefore aiding the research of UWSN system protocols, configurations and applications.

The flow duration curve (FDC) of a riveris one of the important parameters for the hydrological investigation of hydroelectric plants. Computation of the hydroelectric plant capacity and power production requires the determination of relative and cumulative frequenciesof different river discharges. Ab-Terki is one of the sub-basins of Bazoft River, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, next to Koohrang basin. It is located between eastern longitudes of 49ᵒ54' to 50ᵒ 5' and northern latitudes of 32ᵒ 19' to 32ᵒ 24'. Morphological conditions, sloping limestone structures, and characteristics of karstic cracks in the basin have led to the formation of large springs in the eastern and western foothills of Zardkooh Mountain. In order to determine the FDCs of Ab-Terki River,3-year daily discharge and 24-year mean monthly discharge of Gooshe-pol station were used. Then, the probabilities of discharges were analyzed using Hyfa and Rank Plot numerical codes and finally, the discharge of Ab-Terki River corresponding to 95% probability was determined.

A tag-release study is illustrated using radio-tagged chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts to concurrently estimate passage rates and survival probabilities through the spillway and turbines of a hydroelectric project. The radio antennas at the forebays of the dam were arranged in double arrays allowing the estimation of route-specific detection probabilities and converting smolt detections to estimates of absolute passage. A maximum likelihood model is presented using the downstream detection histories to jointly estimate the route-specific passage and survival probabilities. In turn, these estimates were combined to estimate smolt survival through the dam, pool, and the entire hydroelectric project. The detailed migration information derived by these techniques can be used to evaluate mitigation programs focused on improving downstream passage of migrating salmonid smolts. At a mid-Columbia River hydroproject, the average spillbay survival calculated across replicate releases of hatchery and run-of-river yearling chinook salmon smolts was 1.000 (estimated standard error, = 0.0144). Average survivals through the two different powerhouses at the hydroproject were estimated to be 0.9409 ( = 0.0294) and 0.9841 ( = 0.0119). Project survival after combining the route-specific survival and passage probabilities was estimated across stocks to be 0.9461 ( = 0.0016).