Hunnen

Köszönjük mindazok munkáját, akik kötetünk megjelenését segítették. Tördelés: Simonkay Márton HU ISBN 978-963-89995-2-8 © Szerzők, szerkesztők, fordítók © Mika Sándor Egyesület 2016, Budapest Tartalomjegyzék Lecturis salutem! 7 Szabó Melinda: Az ordo equester feliratos emlékei Pannoniából az I. században 9 Kiss Alpár: A zsámboki V. századi temető. Újabb régészeti adatok a Kárpát-medence kora népvándorlás kori történetéhez 29 Baráth Dóra: Alig ismert követjelentések a XVI. századból -Christopher Mont VIII. Henriknek írt leveleinek magyar vonatkozásai 63 Polgár Attila: Guðbrandur Þorláksson hólari püspök (1571-1627) munkásságának szerepe az izlandi nyelv megőrzésében 91 Bojtos Anita: Epizód a magyar vonatkozású bécsi könyvkiadás XVII. századi történetéből. Gregorius Coelius Pannonius Énekek énekekommentárja, 1681 111 Nagy János: Politikai viszonyok és országgyűlési követküldési gyakorlat Északkelet-Magyarországon a XVIII. század közepén (Adalékok az 1751. évi diéta vármegyei követeinek kapcsolatrendszeréhez) 143 Farkasvölgyi Noémi: Kuria kiáltás -az 1752. évi felekezeti villongás Gyöngyösön 185 László Lilla Eszter: Sztereotípiák és sztereotipizálás a Horthy-kor két magyar diplomatájának irodalmi hagyatékában 207 László Gábor: Állam, egyház és szabadság a szekularizáció baptista koncepciójában a Horthy-korszakban 237 Pál Zoltán: Elvtársalgás. A szociáldemokráciával kapcsolatos kutatások az MSZMP KB Társadalomtudományi Intézetében 271 de abban a reményben, hogy csekély erejével mégiscsak hozzájárulhat valamivel közös hivatásunk, a magyar történettudomány műveléséhez és gyarapításához. 2016. március 15.

Avrupa Hun hükümdarı Rua 434’te ölünce onun kardeşinin çocukları Bleda ve Attila, imparatorluğun yönetimini birlikte devralmışlardır. Attila, selefleri tarafından yürütülmekte olan Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun sürekli baskı altında tutulması siyasetini terk etmemiş ve 441’de Doğu Romalılarla savaşa girerek Birinci Balkan Seferi’ni düzenlemiştir. Savaş sona erdikten sonra, kardeşi Bleda’nın 444-445 yıllarında ölümüyle birlikte Attila, Hun İmparatorluğu’nun tek hâkimi olmuş ve tüm Hun ordularını kendi komutası altına almıştır. Aradan geçen birkaç yıl içerisinde, Doğu Romalıların 434 yılında Attila ile yapmış oldukları Margus Antlaşması’nın koşullarını hâlâ tam olarak yerine getirmemiş olmaları ve Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan bazı doğal felaketler, Attila’nın 447 yılında ikinci bir Balkan Seferi’ne çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu seferin tarihlendirilmesi ve seferin nasıl yürütüldüğü konularında farklı görüşler vardır. Biz de bu bildirimizde Attila’nın 447 yılı Balkan Seferi hakkında mevcut olan Roma-Bizans kaynaklarındaki kayıtları aktardık ve bu sefer konusunda modern tarihçilerin yapmış oldukları incelemeleri elden geçirdik. Ayrıca, bugüne kadar Avrupa Hun tarihi konusunda özellikle Türkiye’de üzerinde pek durulmamış olan bir Süryani kaynağı olan Antakyalı İsḥaḳ’ın Hunlara ve bu sefere ilişkin yazdığı kayıtları da bildirimizde sunarak bu bilgileri değerlendirdik.

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When the Hunnic ruler Rua died in 434, the sons of his brother, Bleda and Attila, mutually inherited the rule of the empire. Attila did not abandon the policy of constantly keeping the Eastern Roman Empire under constraint pursued by his predecessors, entered into a war with the Eastern Romans in 441 and launched his First Balkan Campaign. After the war came to an end, Attila became the sole ruler of the Hunnic Empire following the death of his brother Bleda in 444 or 445 and he brought all the Hunnic armies under his command. In the meanwhile, the Eastern Romans abstained from entirely fulfilling the agreements of the Treaty of Margus they had concluded with Attila in 434. Within a few years, while the Eastern Romans did not fulfill the agreements of the Treaty of Margus, some natural disasters occurred in the Eastern Roman Empire. The disobedience of the Eastern Romans to the treaty and these natural disasters caused Attila to launch a second Balkan Campaign in the year 447. There are different views on the dating of this campaign and how exactly it was conducted. In our paper, we narrated the records found in Romano-Byzantine sources regarding Attila’s Balkan Campaign of the year 447 and we examined the studies made on this campaign by modern historians. Additionally, we presented and evaluated the records written by Isaac of Antioch, a Syriac source not emphasized much on Hunnic history especially in Turkey until now, regarding the Huns and this campaign.

The work considers well-known plot from The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu, about the ruler of some barbarous nation – Qetrades (Ketrades). The author refers to information about John’s life and explores the information considering his awareness on the matter. The work presents an analysis of historiography on the relationship between historical characters, recorded by various medieval authors.
The author concludes that the information about the upbringing of Qetrades by the Byzantine royal court and also his baptism, known only from The Chronicle of John, has been mistakenly brought on Kubrat – The Ruler of Great Bulgaria on the basis of a mistranslation and questionable historical interpretation.

Данная работа рассматривает известный сюжет из Хроники Иоанна Никиусского о правителе некоего варварского народа Кетрадесе. Автор приводит сведения о жизни Иоанна, изучает сведения о его информированности. В статье приведен анализ историографии по вопросу о соотношении исторических персонажей, зафиксированных у различных средневековых авторов.
Автором сделан вывод о том, что информация о воспитании при византийском дворе и крещении Кетрадеса, известная только из пассажа Хроники Иоанна Никиусского, была перенесена на Кубрата – правителя Великой Болгарии лишь на основании неточного перевода и сомнительной исторической интерпретации.

With a name, we identify a community. But if we consider how people assigned and used names in the early Middle Ages, we are confronted with limits and problems. On the one hand, communities were organized in several ways, and the different kinds of identities (e.g. person, state, clan, ethnic group) can be confusing and thus can be confused. On the other hand, the history of a name and the object it denote can lead in different directions: a name could identify more peoples or groups, and conversely, a single ethnic group could have many denominations. “Magyar” is now the vernacular name of the Hungarians who first emerged as a distinct group in the ninth century, but this noun appeared much earlier and not in a group-identifying function. Around the year 530, a Kutrigur-Hunnic king lived who was mentioned as “Muageris” by Byzantine authors. Some scholars have observed the similarity between the name “Muageris” and the ethnonym “Magyar.” Another Byzantine work (De Administrando Imperio ca. 950) enumerates the “clan of Meger” among the “Turk” [Hungarian] clans, and centuries later the Hungarian gestas and chronicles mention “Hetumoger,” “het Mogor” as “seven Hungarians.” If one compares the Byzantine sources with internal sources, it is possible that King “Muageris” can be inserted into the frame of the written data. The noun “Magyar” had four coherent functions. It was used as 1) a personal name, “Muageris” and “Magor,” the latter of whom was one of the forefathers of the Hungarians according to their original ethnic myth; 2) a toponym for the ancient homeland, i.e. the Hungarian chronicles use “Magor” for “Scythia” or “Magoria” to refer to part of “Scythia”; 3) the name of one of the leading clans, the clan of “Meger”; and 4) an ethnic name, i.e. “Hetumoger” or “het Mogor” as ‘seven Hungarians’.

késő császárkorból és kora népvándorlás korból származó lószerszámokat általában
csak egy adott lelőhely publikálásánál ismertetik, illetve korszakolják. Érdemes azonban
ezeket a tárgyakat együtt elemezni, mivel sok mindent elárulhatnak az összehasonlítás során. Az
analógiáik felkutatásával bizonyossá válhat, mely területeken keresztül érkeztek a leletek a Kárpát-
medencébe, illetve milyen hatások érhették őket. Feltűnő, hogy a tárgytípusok zöme keleti
területekről származtatható. Az analógiák alapos vizsgálata fontos lehet a népek vándorlásának,
a kereskedelemnek és az egymásra hatásnak az alaposabb megismeréséhez.

В статье рассматривается погребальная обрядность и инвентарь захоронения, исследованного в 1975 г. в Саратовской области. Погребение относится к обладающему культурным своеобразием «авиловскому» типу памятников, распространённому в гуннское и постгуннское время на территории Нижнего и Среднего Поволжья. Автор приходит к выводу, что авиловский погребальный обряд отличается бот других групп погребений постгуннского и раннетюркского времени значительным своеобразием. Погребения, совершенные по данному обряду, образовали компактный ареал в степях Нижней Волги. Датировка позднейших авиловских захоронений совпадает с временем начала активного распространения в степях Восточной Европы влияния Хазарского каганата. Автором поддерживается высказанная ранее гипотеза о вхождении носителей авиловского погребального обряда в состав хазарской этносоциальной общности. Библиографические ссылки Амброз А.К. Проблемы раннесредневековой хронологии Восточной Европы // СА. 1971. № 3. С. 106–134. Амброз А....

A wood relief in the »Skulpturensammlung und Museum für Byzantinische Kunst« in Berlin (Inv. 4782), generally dated to the fifth century, shows the liberation of a besieged city. This article proposes an interpretation of this relief as showing the liberation of the city of Orléans from the hunnic siege in 451, which is mentioned in contemporary and later sources. Attila’s failure to conquer this strategically important city, one of the few that managed to withstand, foreshadowed the negative result of the battle on the Catalaunian Plains and was an important event in the Hunnic wars.

tional science as the famous “Marfovka hoarde”. Information about this discovery can be found in a review study by
Yu. Yu. Marti, prepared for the centenary of the Kerch Archaeological Museum. Some gold items from this burial were also
published. The gold diadem, pendants and earrings from the Marfovka burial were studied and included in the periodization
of the polychrome decorations of the Hunnic time by I. P. Zasetskaya in her articles. Some grave goods from the Marfovka
burial were analysed in several articles by A. K. Ambrose. However, despite the relative degree of knowledge of this burial
offered by I. P. Zasetskaya, the whole complex of archival materials has not been fully published. In the archives, referenced
by almost all researchers, together with a detailed report on the excavations by Yu. Yu. Marti there are also pictures and plans
that have never been published before. In the archives of photo documents of the Institute for the History of Material Culture
there are photos of the gold objects only a few of which are found in the research literature that is dedicated to Marfovka
hoard. Publication of these documents together with the analysis of archaeological materials from the burials will allow us
to reinterpret this burial complex.

Az elmúlt évek ásatásai során Pest megyében két újabb, 5. század középső harmadára keltezhető temetkezés került elő. Budakalászon
egy kisebb sírcsoport, Páty-Verdungon pedig egy női sír látott napvilágot. Közös jellemzőjük a félköríves fogójú csontfésű használata. A cikk ezt a két hun kori temetkezést ismerteti, összehasonlítva a többi Pest megyei, főleg csontfésűket tartalmazó sírokkal.

  Kulcsszavak: temetkezés, csontfésűk, hunkor, Pest megye (Budakalász, Páty).

The work collected historiography of Great Bulgaria, studied ancient written sources. The hypothesis about the upbringing of Kubrat in the Byzantine court and acceptance of his baptism is rejected. The direction of the study of the history of the resettlement of Bulgarian population groups in Central and Western Europe has been determined.

In dieser Folge geht es um die Frage: War Attilas nun die "Geißel Gottes"-oder hatte er seinen schlechten Ruf zu Unrecht (was man für die Hunnen allgemein auch fragen kann)? Dazwischen gibt es geschobene Schafe.

https://1lpmzl.podcaster.de/artefakte-erzaehlen/9-attila-the-boys-oder-von-hunnen-pferden-und-geschobenen-schafen/