Hazards

Use of InSAR techniques in the study of unstable slopes has been suggested in recent works. However, in the ease of mass movements, which typically occur in high-relief terrain and are of limited areal extent, the detection of ground surface deformation is difficult. Moreover, the presence of vegetation cover and atmospheric effects introduces coherence loss and resolution problems in the analysis of interferometric pairs. Thus, extreme care must be taken in every step of interferometric SAR processing in order to obtain results that can be easily interpreted and be of practical utility in landslide hazard studies. The authors present the results of the application of InSAR and DInSAR techniques to a landslide test area located in the Southern Apennines. A number of SAR images was selected, whose dates coincide with periods of mass movement activity documented by in situ controls. DInSAR processing was conducted in order to assess the potential of satellite radar data for landslide monitoring. Coarse resolution is an important limiting factor for effective information extraction. Advanced processing approaches may help to overcome this limit

Interdisciplinary field studies and remote sensing techniques were used to delineate mountain areas in Colorado subject to such natural hazards as snow avalanches, mudflows, rockfalls, and landslides. The old mining townsite of Ophir in the northwestern San Juan Mountains was used as a case study. Its serious snow avalanche hazard has been made even more critical with prospects of new housing developments. Techniques in remote sensing and geoecology have been applied to the solution of practical land management problems at the county and township levels of local government. The rapidly increasing hazard to human life and property results directly from accelerated growth of the winter recreation industry and construction of mountain homes. Many of the world's temperate zone high mountains urgently need development and application of new land management policies.

Elicitation of requirements for safety critical aeroengine control systems is dependent on the capture of core design intent and the systematic derivation of requirements addressing hazardous deviations from that intent. Derivation of these requirements is inextricably linked to the safety assessment process. Conventional civil aerospace practice (as advocated by guidelines such as ARP4754 and ARP4671) promotes the application of Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) to sets of statements of functional intent.

In order to motivate flood insurance purchase and promote flood hazard awareness and mitigation, the Community Rating System (CRS) of National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), credits floodplain management activities and awards premium discounts for insurance purchase. CRS, however, has been marked by a lack of active participation since its inception. Little empirical evidence exists to shed light on what factors influence the local adoption of hazard mitigation activities. The objective of this project is to provide such evidence through an examination of patterns in CRS participation in 100 North Carolina counties from 1991 to 1996. Specifically, we examine the influence of flood experience, hydrological risk, local capacity, and socioeconomic factors on county hazard mitigation decisions. Results indicate that flood experience and physical risk factors increase likelihood of local hazard mitigation adoption. We find evidence that the proportion of senior citizens within a county has negative influence on CRS participation, and that flood hazard mitigation activities at the county level are more likely when a greater number of nested of municipalities participate.

Copyright 2009, Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2009 SPE/EAGE Reservoir Characterization and Simulation Conference held in Abu Dhabi, UAE, 19–21 October 2009. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE ...

This paper reviews the history of risk analysis and risk management, giving special emphasis to the neglected period prior to the 20th century. The overall objective of the paper is to: (1) dampen the prevailing tendency to view present-day concerns about risk in an ahistorical context; (2) shed light on the intellectual antecedents of current thinking about risk; (3) clarify how contemporary ideas about risk analysis and societal risk management differ significantly from the past; and (4) provide a basis for anticipating future directions in risk analysis and management.

Almost every night, lasers pointed at an aircraft/ATC tower can lead to hazards.
Especially, during critical phases of flight such as approach, landing and takeoff.
Laser beam can cause distraction, or glare or temporary flash blindness, causing
Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I) or going around. The major incidents categories
for the MID Region based on reports received directly from airlines was laser
attacks As mentioned in MID Region Annual Safety Report 2014. And because
laser incidents arise every year all over the world, we established an updated
data base including a case study and trends in the period 2013-2015 at
Cairo/Sharm El Sheikh/Luxor airports. Which identifies gaps, hazards, risk
assessment. And finally implement a plan which will allow us to mitigate and
control risks to reach acceptable level of safety.


*The objectives of the Laser Attack Safety guideline case study are:
a. provide effective coordination between all stakeholders by establishing Local
Laser Working Group (LLWG);
b. managing and controlling risk by identifying hazards and assesse risk with Root
cause and gap analysis;
c. establishing data base to provide trends for targeted airports;
d. finally, to provide Mitigation Measures and Safety recommendations to achieve
Safe operations at airports, rolling out the plan progressively to airports across
country;
RGS WG/4-WP13
-3-
e. provide guidance material for CAA to establish training campaign for pilots,
awareness campaign for ATCO and Public awareness campaign; and
f. could be used as an oversight audit tool by CAA.

Sewage treatment plant (STP) operators are exposed to variety of hazard during wastewater processing. The aim of this study is to identify and manage these hazards, particularly in a local STP in Malaysia, through Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OSHMS). Initially, reported hazards data were collected via review of literatures, questionnaire distribution and interview with experts. Then, the most risky hazards based on conditions of selected STP were identified. Subsequently, the hazards were ranked based on severity and likelihood. Results show exposure to excessive noise, skin irritation and slip and fall are the main concerns of workers in the site. Therefore, noise mitigation was done using sound absorbers. It was indicated that the level of existing noise (94.2 dB) was reduced to 92.1 dB and 90.6 dB by application of carpet and cardboard, respectively. Skin irritation risk is suggested to be mitigated by installation of auto-cleaner, self-cleaning bar screen and scraper blades at the site. In addition, cordoning off areas while cleaning is in progress and provision of ramps at cleaning area around the clarifier are found to be the appropriate solutions for slip and fall risk at the site.

This paper defines and compares fault tolerances of a triple flight control architecture to a quadruple type, and investigates the impact of worst case failures on transient response of an aircraft. New insight in computing fault coverage is discussed. Two coverage models were used to compute the Probability of Loss of Control (PLOC) and the Probability of Mission Abort (PMA) for candidate architectures. Results indicate that both triple and quadruple architectures can meet the fault tolerant requirements with an acceptable level of transients upon first and second failures. Triple architectures will require a higher level of fault detection, isolation, and accommodation coverage than quadruple architectures and produce substantially larger transients upon second failure. REQUIREMENTS Derived from the MIL-F-9490D, a Flight Control System (FCS) (consisting of sensors, computers, and actuators) must be designed to a Probability of Mission Abort (PMA) of 5 x 10-5 and a Probability of Loss of Control (PLOC) of 5 X 10-7 per Flight Hour (FH). Top down apportionments of these requirements to Flight Control Computers (FCC) [ 11 are estimatedas: PMA = lO-5/FH, andPLOC = 5 x IO-VFH. MIL-STD 882B requires a FCS be capable of exhibiting a Fail-Operational / Fail-Operational (F02) S c a~~+ i o Once the aircraft is up and flying. Coverage for Fault Detection, Isolation, and Accommodation (FDIA), and the confidence intervals associated with these coverage parameters are not well defined.

: This paper provides a generic approach to estimating the probability that an industrial site of specific dimensions and location will be struck by an aircraft. This generic method might be helpful to those charged with siting industrial complexes and facilities near airports and near airline flight paths. Coordinates of a proposed facility are parametrically selected relative to fixed, assumed locations of (a) Victor airways, (b) general aviation airports, (c) air carrier airports, (d) military installations, and (e) other areas of air activity, such as crop dusting fields. The probability that an aircraft or missile will impact the target area is the sum of the individual probabilities that an aircraft or a missile originating from a particular source will impact the target depend on (a) purpose or category of flight, (b) mode of flight, (c) effective target area, (d) relative location of facility target area and air activity, (e) number of operations, (f) mode of impact, (g) pil...

When an accident happens, it is obviously important to understand what caused it in order to take effective preventive measures. Accident analysis always implies an accident model, i.e., a set of assumptions of what the underlying "mechanisms" are. Over the last 50-75 years there have been significant changes in accident models, leading to changes in the methods and goals of accident analysis. In parallel to this development the understanding of the role of humans in accidents, and of the nature of "human error", has also changed. This paper provides an overview of the developments, and outlines the consequences for contemporary accident analysis and prevention.

A knowtedge of the average electrical impedance of the human body is essentiat for the anafysis of electromagnetic harards in the VLF to MF band. The purpose of our measurements was to determine the average body impedance of severaf human subjects as a function of frequency. Measurements were carried out with the snbjects standing barefoot on a ground plane and touching various metaf electrodes with the hand or index finger. The measured impedance includes the electrode polarization and skin impedances, spread impedance near the electrode, body impedance, stray capacitance between the body surface and ground, and inductance due to the body and grounding strap. 'fhese components are separated and simplifkd equivalent circuits are presented for body impedance of humans exposed to free-space electromagnetic waves as well as in contact with large ungrounded metaltic objects therein.

For 12 year the University of Wollongong landslide research team has been developing a Geographic Information System based Landslide Inventory of the Wollongong Local Government Area and surrounding areas. This inventory can now provide data in near real-time via the World Wide Web. The inventory includes 569 landslide sites with a total of 956 landslide ‘events’ (includes all known occurrences and recurrences). Of these, four landslide sites are fully automated and continuously monitored, with data from them immediately accessible with a PIN access via the World Wide Web. Emergency response organisations and utility managers, as well as researchers and other stakeholders can monitor the movements, and this is especially important during times of high risk when direct access may be difficult. With an average annual rainfall across the city in the range 1200mm - 1600mm, landslides in Wollongong are primarily triggered by periods of prolonged heavy rainfall. The value to risk manageme...

We analyze microblog posts generated during two recent, concurrent emergency events in North America via Twitter, a popular microblogging service. We focus on communications broadcast by people who were "on the ground" during the Oklahoma Grassfires of April 2009 and the Red River Floods that occurred in March and April 2009, and identify information that may contribute to enhancing situational awareness (SA). This work aims to inform next steps for extracting useful, relevant information during emergencies using information extraction (IE) techniques.

This paper reviews historical methods for estimating surge hazards and concludes that the class of solutions produced with Joint Probability Method (JPM) solutions provides a much more stable estimate of hazard levels than alternative methods. We proceed to describe changes in our understanding of the winds in hurricanes approaching a coast and the physics of surge generation that have required recent modifications to procedures utilized in earlier JPM studies. Of critical importance to the accuracy of hazard estimates is the ability to maintain a high level of fidelity in the numerical simulations while allowing for a sufficient number of simulations to populate the joint probability matrices for the surges. To accomplish this, it is important to maximize the information content in the sample storm set to be simulated. This paper introduces the fundamentals of a method based on the functional specification of the surge response for this purpose, along with an example of its application in the New Orleans area. A companion paper in this special issue ) provides details of the portion of this new method related to interpolating/extrapolating along spatial dimensions.

Numerous accidents have happened in all types of moored units, permanent and mobile. The problems related to mooring system failures are collision, abrasion, anchors etc. These problems have impact on people, environment, assets and reputation of the company. The objective of this paper are to determine the frequency of failure, to categorize severity of failure of mooring system and to rank the particular hazards by dividing the dimensions of frequency and severity into risk matrix. This work proposes HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) analysis to evaluate risks related to accidents in mobile mooring system. In qualitative assessment the accident risk level and acceptance criteria were established through a scoring system. The result of this methodology can be used to prevent future damage and aid to set a priority of maintenance based on hazards ranking.

8-1 Safety Culture–Theory and Practice Patrick Hudson Centre for Safety Science Universiteit Leiden PO Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands Hudson@ fsw. LeidenUniv. nl Abstract Safety Culture is seen as a way of ensuring high levels of safety performance in ...

Computerized evaluation of Vibroseis similarity test data is the logical consequence of the increasing quality requirements for signal reproducibility and for synchronization of vibrators. The differences in start time and phase as well as an indication of local phasing problems between any two Vibroseis signals can be obtained from an analysis of the difference of their respective phase spectra. This method appears to be accurate and stable with respect to harmonics which usually plague the signals from transducers monitoring the motion of the vibrators'base plates.

Tower cranes are the centerpiece of production on today's typical building construction sites. Tower cranes hoist and transport a variety of loads near and above people, working under crowded conditions, occasionally with overlapping work zones, and often under time, budget, and labor constraints. This work regime further increases the safety risk on sites that are inherently hazardous workplaces. This paper presents the results of a study that identified the major factors affecting safety in tower-crane environments and evaluated the degree to which each factor influences ongoing safety on site. Use of statistical data on accidents was ruled out as a source of information due to the countless number of incidents that go unreported, the common inability of statistics to provide root causes, and the questionability of statistics as a predictor of accidents. The research methodology was therefore based on comprehensive questioning of an expert team that included the safety managers and equipment managers of leading construction companies. With the limited resources available for safety improvement and accident prevention, greater attention must be paid by all parties involved to those factors evaluated as highly affecting site safety due to tower-crane work.

For 12 year the University of Wollongong landslide research team has been developing a Geographic Information System based Landslide Inventory of the Wollongong Local Government Area and surrounding areas. This inventory can now provide data in near real-time via the World Wide Web. The inventory includes 569 landslide sites with a total of 956 landslide ‘events’ (includes all known occurrences and recurrences). Of these, four landslide sites are fully automated and continuously monitored, with data from them immediately accessible with a PIN access via the World Wide Web. Emergency response organisations and utility managers, as well as researchers and other stakeholders can monitor the movements, and this is especially important during times of high risk when direct access may be difficult. With an average annual rainfall across the city in the range 1200mm - 1600mm, landslides in Wollongong are primarily triggered by periods of prolonged heavy rainfall. The value to risk manageme...

Seu conteúdo foi revisado pelo Comitê Técnico do IV SimBGf, mas não necessariamente representa a opinião da SBGf ou de seus associados. É proibida a reprodução total ou parcial deste material para propósitos comerciais sem prévia autorização da SBGf.

Nigeria, one of the world's largest oil exporters, has a coastline of approximately 853km facing the Atlantic Ocean. This coastline lies between latitude 4 o 10' to 6 o 20' N and longitude 2 o 45' to 8 o 35' E. The Nigerian coast is composed of four distinct geomorphology units namely the Barrier-Lagoon Complex; the Mud Coast; the Arcuate Niger Delta and the Strand Coast. 90-95% of export revenues in

The Human Factor in System Reliability Is Human Performance Predictable? [les Facteurs humains et la fiabilite des systemes-Les performances humaines, sont-elles previsibles?] To order the complete compilation report, use: ADA388027 The component part is provided here to allow users access to individually authored sections f proceedings, annals, symposia, ect. However, the component should be considered within he context of the overall compilation report and not as a stand-alone technical report.

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly.

The breakdown of a medical equipment in service is of particular concern because of its possible use in critical conditions. This may be a direct life support situation as therapy or an indirect effect such as providing information on the patient's health status. The signs of equipment failure may not always be apparent to clinical staff. Therefore they should be inspected periodically. Scheduled inspections help ensure the safety and efficacy of the medical equipment. In this study, a software tool is developed to implement a risk oriented prioritization of devices for preventive maintenance inspections. The database contains the equipment inventory, and related data files. The reports based on the inspection results, help determining a better scheduling than the constant sweeping of all devices.

The management of clinical solid waste (CSW) continues to be a major challenge, particularly, in most healthcare facilities of the developing world. Poor conduct and inappropriate disposal methods exercised during handling and disposal of CSW is increasing significant health hazards and environmental pollution due to the infectious nature of the waste. This article summarises a literature review into existing CSW management practices in the healthcare centers. The information gathered in this paper has been derived from the desk study of open literature survey. Numerous researches have been conducted on the management of CSW. Although, significant steps have been taken on matters related to safe handling and disposal of the clinical waste, but improper management practice is evident from the point of initial collection to the final disposal. In most cases, the main reasons of the mismanagement of CSW are the lack of appropriate legislation, lack of specialized clinical staffs, lack of awareness and effective control. Furthermore, most of the healthcare centers of the developing world have faced financial difficulties and therefore looking for cost effective disposal methods of clinical waste. This paper emphasizes to continue the recycle-reuse program of CSW materials after sterilization by using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) sterilization technology at the point of initial collection. Emphasis is on the priority to inactivate the infectious micro-organisms in CSW. In that case, waste would not pose any threat to healthcare workers. The recycling-reuse program would be carried out successfully with the non-specialized clinical staffs. Therefore, the adoption of SF-CO2 sterilization technology in management of clinical solid waste can reduce exposure to infectious waste, decrease labor, lower costs, and yield better compliance with regulatory. Thus healthcare facilities can both save money and provide a safe environment for patients, healthcare staffs and clinical staffs.

This work proposes a 2.5D modeling for a section crossing a segment of the Transbrasiliano Lineament in the southern part of Parnaiba Basin, NE Brazil-based on joint inversion of magnetic and gravimetric data. This study points out that the thickness of the sedimentary cover is related to tectonic features such as graben and horsts. Euler deconvolution technique was used in this work aiming to reduce ambiguities of the model as well as to contribute for a better quantification of anomalous source depths. A previous qualitative analysis was necessary to obtain an understanding of different types of sources that might be responsible for magnetic and gravimetric signatures in the area. This analysis was important to a better interpretation of the anomalous sources as long as not all given solutions offered by the Euler technique are those that are aimed to be analyzed.

This article is for the awareness of the readers about the ill-effects of Microwave cooking, causes especially the non-thermal effects. Potentially increases the production of carcinogens or mutagens in foods. Minerals, Vitamins, and nutrients of the food cooked by microwaves are reduced or altered so that the person meager benefit or the person's body intakes altered compounds that cannot be broken down. Degeneration of nerve impulses within the junction potentials of the cerebrum, breakdown of nerve electrical circuits and loss of energy fields in the neuro plexuses, loss of balance, Chest pains. An organic injury takes place in the cardiovascular system. Direct exposure causes the reproductive organs, in temporary sterility or degenerative changes have been reported in exposures involving research animals and man.

This paper provides an outline of the technical solution to be adopted when integrating the Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) with DSTO's Joint Seminar Wargaming Adjudication Tool (jSWAT). Opportunities to conduct "least path of resistance" integration between the two applications are explored to support an eventual Proof of Concept demonstration. The report concludes with some observations on achievable longer term integration goals.

Experiments were conducted on the rapid depressurization of large pressure vessels. Measurements taken included the pressure, temperatures at a large number of positions both within the fluid phase(s) and on the wall of the vessel, and composition, all as a function of time during the blowdown process. The systems studied included subcritical and supercritical, condensing and non-condensing. From these experiments, an understanding of the physical processes involved during blowdown was evolved. This was incorporated into a mathematical model of blowdown, and implemented in a computer program. The model correctly predicts all the major phenomena observed in.the experiments, as a function of time.

Over the recent years, lives and property worth millions of shillings have been destroyed in fire disasters in secondary schools in the world. Cases of fire disasters in Kenyan secondary schools have been experienced in the last decade with increasing frequency and severity. It was therefore necessary to determine the causes of fire disasters in secondary schools. The main objective of this study was to assess causes of fire disasters in secondary schools in Kenya. An evaluation research design was used. Stratified simple random sampling was used to select the schools and the respondents. The study population was composed of secondary school principals, teachers, laboratory technicians, students and the District Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (DQASO) in Vihiga County. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires designed for teachers, students and laboratory technicians, in-depth interviews with school principals and the DQASOs and an observation checklist. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5 was used in the analysis of data with Chi-square being used to test independence and variation of responses. A spearman's rank order correlation was run to determine the relationship between teachers' and students' responses. According to the findings of this study, Faulty electrical appliances, arson, flammable materials, gas leakages, waste burning, students unrest and lighting were cited as main hazards that lead to fire disasters in secondary schools. It was also established that: five out of the thirty five schools that participated in the study had experienced fire disasters in the last 10 years; in all the schools that had experienced fire disasters causes were clearly known; It was concluded that: fire disasters in Vihiga are frequent and severe; that the trends as to the causes of fire disasters in the county are dynamic; most of the administrators and even teachers were not trained in fire fighting skills; most of the schools dint have safety committees and were not practicing fire drills and that most of the general requirements for fire disaster preparedness were not in place. The findings of the study will enable schools to be aware of fire hazards and empower them to reduce their vulnerability to fire disasters. It will also be important to education policy makers who will use this information in formulating and implementing policies on fire safety in schools.

On average more than 1000 tornado touchdowns hit the continental U.S. every year causing significant human and economic losses. In order to manage tornado risk, we need to assess tornado hazard, the subsequent damage, and the resulting loss. This paper presents a methodology for tornado hazard assessment, which is an important step in the management of risk. For this purpose, a simulation approach is used to infer the characteristics of future tornadoes from those of past events. This paper first develops the probability distributions of the following tornado parameters needed in the simulation: rate of occurrence, relative frequencies of different Fujita scales, length, width, direction, location, and wind speed at touchdown. Then an approach for generating tornado events using the Latin hypercube method is presented. The method is applied to obtain simulated databases. These databases are first used to check convergence on the underlying parameters. The databases are then used to ...

Shoreline and shelf-edge trajectories describe the migration through time of sedimentary systems, using geomorphological breaks-in-slope that are associated with key changes in depositional processes and products. Analysis of these trajectories provides a simple descriptive tool that complements and extends conventional sequence stratigraphic methods and models. Trajectory analysis offers four advantages over a sequence stratigraphic interpretation based on systems tracts: (1) each genetically related advance or retreat of a shoreline or shelf edge is viewed in the context of a continuously evolving depositional system, rather than as several discrete systems tracts; (2) subtle changes in depositional response (e.g. within systems tracts) can be identified and honoured; (3) trajectory analysis does not anticipate the succession of depositional events implied by systems-tract models; and (4) the descriptive emphasis of trajectory analysis does not involve any a priori assumptions about the type or nature of the mechanisms that drive sequence development. These four points allow the level of detail in a trajectory-based interpretation to be directly tailored to the available data, such that the interpretation may be qualitative or quantitative in two or three dimensions. Four classes of shoreline trajectory are recognized: ascending regressive, descending regressive, transgressive and stationary (i.e. nonmigratory). Ascending regressive and high-angle (accretionary) transgressive trajectories are associated with expanded facies belt thicknesses, the absence of laterally extensive erosional surfaces, and relatively high preservation of the shoreline depositional system. In contrast, descending regressive and low-angle (nonaccretionary) transgressive trajectories are associated with foreshortened and/or missing facies belts, the presence of laterally extensive erosional surfaces, and relatively low preservation of the shoreline depositional system. Stationary trajectories record shorelines positioned at a steeply sloping shelf edge, with accompanying bypass of sediment to the basin floor. Shelf-edge trajectories represent larger spatial and temporal scales than shoreline trajectories, and they can be subdivided into ascending, descending and stationary (i.e. nonmigratory) classes. Ascending trajectories are associated with a relatively large number and thickness of shoreline tongues (parasequences), the absence of laterally extensive erosional surfaces on the shelf, and relatively low sediment supply to the basin floor. Descending trajectories are associated with a few, thin shoreline tongues, the presence of laterally extensive erosional surfaces on the shelf, and high sediment supply to basin-floor fan systems. Stationary trajectories record near-total bypass of sediment across the shelf and mass transfer to the basin floor.

Karst environments are characterized by distinctive landforms related to dissolution and a dominant subsurface
drainage. The direct connection between the surface and the underlying high permeability aquifers makes karst
aquifers extremely vulnerable to pollution. A high percentage of the world population depends on these water
resources. Moreover, karst terrains, frequently underlain by cavernous carbonate and/or evaporite rocks, may
be affected by severe ground instability problems. Impacts and hazards associatedwith karst are rapidly increasing
as development expands upon these areas without proper planning taking into account the peculiarities of
these environments. This has led to an escalation of karst-related environmental and engineering problems
such as sinkholes, floods involving highly transmissive aquifers, and landslides developed on rocks weakened
by karstification. The environmental fragility of karst settings, togetherwith their endemic hazardous processes,
have received an increasing attention from the scientific community in the last decades. Concurrently, the interest
of planners and decision-makers on a safe and sustainable management of karst lands is also growing. This
work reviews the main natural and human-induced hazards characteristic of karst environments, with specific
focus on sinkholes, floods and slope movements, and summarizes the main outcomes reached by karst scientists
regarding the assessment of environmental impacts and their mitigation.

The problem of removing directional trends frequently occurs in the processing of magnetic data and also in the subsequent steps of data interpretation. The so-called corrugations are typical directional trends occurring in levelled data, which may be removed in several ways. Classical techniques are based on high-pass filtering of the data and successively filtering these transformed data with directional cosine filters. Other linear features are due to real sources, such as pipelines in shallow surveys or dike swarms in regional surveys. They should, nevertheless, be considered as noise, due to the fact that their effect is strong and tends to hide the field features related to structures of more interest. We deal with both kinds of problem, presenting the results of a study in an archaeological area of southern Italy. Decorrugation of magnetic field anomalies is performed using a method based on the excellent space-frequency localization properties of wavelet bases, allowing a very sharp filtering of the field along a selected direction. We compare this technique with the classical one in a synthetic case and find that the wavelet decorrugation is simpler and produces low distortion maps. Besides the field decorrugation, the wavelet approach was also shown to be useful in the subsequent enhancement of the measured field. In fact, we show that the wavelet analysis offers a unique framework where various filtering problems (directional, isotropic, global or local as well) may be easily solved. As regards the archaeological case, strong noisy effects from elongated sources (pipelines) were successfully removed in a sharp and local way.

The first paper to report new phytotoxic effects of a liquid detergent. Before this paper, no phytotoxic effects of liquid detergents were known. The following new phytotoxic effects of the liquid detergent "Vilva" on the seedlings of the higher plants, buckweat Fagopyrum esculentum and rice Oryza sativa, were discovered. At a concentration of "Vilva" 0.25 ml / L, the growth of the seedlings of F. esculentum stopped, and the elongation rate of the seedlings of O. sativa was inhibited by 22-75%.


Title: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF WATERS POLLUTED WITH A LIQUID SURFACTANT-CONTAINING DETERGENT;
Author(s): OSTROUMOV S.A.; KHOROSHILOV V.S.
Source: IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR SERIYA BIOLOGICHESKAYA, Issue: 3, Pages: 452-458, Published: MAY-JUN 1992.
Reference in a traditional form:

OSTROUMOV S.A.; KHOROSHILOV V.S. Biological activity of waters polluted with a liquid surfactant-containing detergent. - IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR, SERIYA BIOLOGICHESKAYA, 1992, No. 3, P. 452-458,
**
Citation:
E.g., in Australia:
Cited as
Ostroumov SA, Khoroshilov VS (1992) Biological activity of waters polluted with a liquid surfactant-containing detergent. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya 0, 452-458. At:
http://www.newcrops.uq.edu.au/listing/species_pages_F/Fagopyrum_esculentum_1992.htm;
cited as
Ostroumov, S. A. and V. S. Khoroshilov (1992). Biological activity of waters polluted with a liquid surfactant-containing detergent. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya (3): 452-458.
In Australia:
http://www.newcrops.uq.edu.au/listing/fagopyrumesculentum.htm;
**
**

On the journal:
Biology Bulletin
(Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk -Seriya Biologicheskaya);
ISSN PRINT: 1062-3590;
ISSN ONLINE: 1608-3059;

Russian title (translit): Izvestiya RAN. Seriya biologicheskaya;

SCOPE:
Biology Bulletin (Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk – Seriya Biologicheskaya) is an interdisciplinary journal on biology. It focuses on fundamental studies in the fields of cell biology, biochemistry, zoology, botany, physiology, and ecology. This journal publishes current materials of experimental studies and surveys on current problems in biology. The editorial board welcomes contributions from foreign authors.

‘Biology Bulletin’ is abstracted and/or indexed in:
Academic OneFile, Academic Search, Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, Biological Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, CAB International, CSA, ChemWeb, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS), Current Abstracts, Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences, EBSCO, EMBiology, Elsevier BioBase, Gale, GeoRef, Global Health Abstracts, Google, IBIDS, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, OCLC, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index Expanded, Summon by Serial Solutions, Zoological Record.
**
The Russian version of this paper was cited here:
http://www.aquapromspb.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76:32009&catid=14:2009&Itemid=69;
**
http://www.dissercat.com/content/problemy-ekologicheskoi-bezopasnosti-pishchevykh-dobavok-i-opredelenie-ikh-toksichnosti-meto;
**
http://www.dissercat.com/content/issledovanie-chuvstvitelnosti-trekhfermentnykh-sistem-s-bakterialnoi-lyutsiferazoe;

Key words:
phytotoxic, effects, liquid detergents, Vilva, seedlings, higher plants, buckweat, Fagopyrum esculentum, rice, Oryza sativa, bioassay, plant science, environmental, science, safety, hazards,
___
variants of citation of this paper.
E.g.:
Variant 1. In Web of Science: Title: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF WATERS POLLUTED WITH a LIQUID SURFACTANT-CONTAINING DETERGENT; Authors: OSTROUMOV S.A.; KHOROSHILOV;  Source: IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR SERIYA BIOLOGICHESKAYA, Issue: 3, P. 452-458, 1992.
Variant 2. Australian web-sites cited this paper as: Ostroumov S. A., V. S. Khoroshilov (1992). Biological activity of waters polluted with a liquid surfactant-containing detergent. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya (3): 452-458.
Variant 3. This journal is currently being translated into Eng under title 'Biology Bulletin'.
_____
https://www.academia.edu/1902638/;

Biological_activity_of_waters_polluted_with_a_liquid_surfactant_containing_detergent