Halal standards

In view of the period of deep crisis for the national economy and, specifically, for the tourism sector, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it is appropriate to think about sustainability and relaunch policies. Muslim tourism is an excellent resource and an indispensable prospect, being a leading sector of Islamic finance that develops enormous and continuously growing revenues every year. To attract tourism from Islamic countries to Italy, however, certification standards need to be developed, moreover in line with the principles set by the United Nations World Tourism Organization on the 2015 Bethlehem Declaration on religious tourism. The Italian tourism supply chain will thus be able to adapt to Muslim hospitality and Muslim friendly standards to structure an entire sector with enormous potential that can certainly constitute an excellent opportunity for recovery.

Rispetto al periodo di forte crisi per l’economia nazionale e, specificamente, per il settore turistico, a causa della pandemia da Covid-19, è opportuno pensare a delle politiche di sostenibilità e di rilancio. Una ottima risorsa ed una irrinunciabile prospettiva viene fornita dal turismo musulmano, settore portante della finanza islamica, che sviluppa ogni anno cifre di affari enormi ed in continua crescita. Per attrarre in Italia l’incoming turistico proveniente dai Paesi islamici, tuttavia, bisogna sviluppare degli standard certificativi, oltretutto in linea con i principi fissati dalla Organizzazione Mondiale del Turismo delle Nazioni Unite in occasione della Dichiarazione di Betlemme del 2015 in tema di turismo religioso. La filiera turistica italiana potrà così adeguarsi agli standard muslim hospitality e muslim friendly per strutturare un intero filone dall’enorme potenziale che può senz’altro costituire una eccellente occasione di ripresa.

This chapter highlights the significant economic opportunities from the implementation of the circular economy paradigm for plastics as a requirement for halal industry in the ASEAN region. If this can be realized, the ASEAN halal industry will have a comparative advantage that will all at once leads radically in reducing plastic pollution in halal market. ASEAN has opportunities for influencing the value to halal market in Asia. All the more, Asia also has opportunities for influencing the value to halal market around the world. With support from the digitally enabled community, this circular economy best practice may spread and influence another region or another industry in Asia. This not only opens up opportunities of ASEAN for leading a halal hub in Asia, but it can also be encouraging the collaboration between community groups, businesses, industry, local and national governments, international donors, and world-class experts seeking meaningful actions to defeat plastic pollution.

In his research on Muslim American teenage boys, O’Brien deconstructs the stereotypes associated with Islam and Muslims in the United States (US). He focuses on the real experience of growing up Muslim and male, “an experience primarily centred on managing the competing cultural demands of religious Islam on the one hand and American teen life on the other” (p. ix). O’Brien aims at persuading the reader to acknowledge the inconsistency of the assumption that Islam and the West work as an oxymoron, as two irreconcilable elements that cannot exist in tandem. His approach is based on the sociological studies “of high-school aged young people in the United States [which] have situated teenagers in a social world populated by a range of competing peer cultures, each with its own associated set of styles and practices” (p. 11).

In the upcoming revised version of the Malaysian Halal Assurance Systems (MHMS) 2019 and Malaysian Manual Procedures for Halal Certification (Domestic) (MMPHC [D]) 2019, small and micro category establishment in the food product and food premise scheme need to implement an Internal Halal Control Systems (IHCS) in lieu of the full-fledge Halal assurance Systems (HAS)

Halal is an Arabic word meaning “lawful” or “permitted”. When it comes to food and consumables, Halal is the dietary standard of Muslims. With a few exceptions, all pure and clean things are considered Halal.
The opposite of Halal is Haram, which means “unlawful” or “prohibited”. When it comes to food and consumables following foods are Haram: Swine/pork and its by-products, animals improperly slaughtered or dead before slaughtering, animals killed in the name of anyone other than ALLAH, alcohol and intoxicants, carnivorous animals, birds of prey and land animals without external ears, blood and blood by-products, foods contaminated with any of the above products.
Not only food and beverages fall within the categories of halal and haram. Products such as toothpaste, shampoo, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, and deodorants also need to be considered, since haram products may have been used in the production process. Individual Muslims vary in how strictly they adhere to rules of halal and haram.
Increased awareness of culturally acceptable foods improves our ability to meet the needs of a diverse society. It is important to take into consideration each individual’s perspective on his/her cultural and religious practice. The information provided in this guide will assist you when planning and serving meals, snacks or refreshments for the Muslim community.

When discussing matters of Halal audit, most of the time, people will get confused about the process of auditing. They tend to get confused over which type of audit, internal halal audit, JAKIM & JAIN certification/surveillance/recertification audit or suppliers or vendor audit. Each of the audit processes is different in its own right. Understanding the subject matter first, is crucial in understanding the process of auditing, either in the first, second or third-party audit.

This paper aims to discuss halal certification for locally-made food products based on a case study carried out on a local small enterprise producing healthy chocolate products. Findings of the study revealed that even though the earlier healthy chocolate products are certified by the respective state government religious authorities and the raw materials used in the products had halal certification from the originating country, they do not suffice for halal certification when products are sold in other states within Malaysia. Additionally, with the introduction of marine-collagen and mirifica into the newly formulated choco-health products, halal certification is needed. Without the presence of JAKIM halal logo on the product packaging, the customers still have doubts on the safety, hygiene and halalness of the choco-health products. Implications of the study suggested for simplification of halal certification procedures and support services for small enterprise so as to assist small bumiputra entrepreneurs to market their local-made choco-health products; and to ease market penetration and strategies to gain consumers' trust in Malaysia.

Muslim-Friendly Hospitality (MFH) is considered a new trends in tourism and hospitality which has gained attention among industry player, locally and abroad. The attraction is due to the growing number of Muslim's who requires their faith-based needs, satiated when travelling and engaging in activities beyond their home. MFH adoption is far less strict than Shariah Compliance (SC), which commands to the adherence of Islamic teaching on every aspect of the hospitality operation and management. To ensure the integrity of MFH practices, a regulatory framework for MFH is proposed. Extensive literature and documents analysis were conducted as primary methodology for this paper. Data gathered, were coded and analysed qualitatively, to grasp the relationship between every element in the MFH regulatory framework. An MFH regulatory framework is then proposed and benchmarked upon the regulatory framework used in the Malaysian Halal industry. A systems based approach was chosen to be the illustrative apparatuses to explain better the regulatory framework as a continuous, robust systems that will be the core of the MFH ecosystems. The regulatory framework consists of Government Policy, Laws and Regulation, comprises of Implementation Guidelines, Manual procedures and Circulars and the lowest level, Quality Standards & Term of References. At the operational level, the MFH Management Systems will the guiding-governing tools, keeping the Muslim-Friendly practices intact. The adoption of MFH practices as a fully functioning and organised systems is still in its infancy, although some of its elements have been practices unintentionally over the years by industry player. Realigning of efforts and resources through creating comprehensive regulatory framework will ensure the sustainability of MFH practices, and ultimately will give Malaysia an added advantages as a premier destination for Muslim tourist.

The revision of the MS1500:2009-Production, Preparation, Handling And Storage Of Halal Food standards is already five years overdue. The standards were scheduled to be revised in 2014, or every five years to ensure that it is relevant to the ever-changing Halal ecosystems. The first version of the standards was first to introduce in 2004. On the 3 rd of January 2019, the newly revised version of the Halal food standards was made public and gazzeted. The standards are now known as MS1500:2019 Halal Food-General Requirements (Third Revision). The essence of the revision among others is the addition of several clauses in the standards, the inclusion of terms and definition, and removal of Halal slaughtering from the standards. Existing Halal certificate holder need to align themselves to the new requirements. However, the impact of the revised standards is expected to be minimal.

The project of this bachelor thesis was carried out at the certification body Halal Quality Control (HQC) Germany, a leading Halal certification body for products and services. The author of this thesis is himself a Halal auditor at HQC Germany. The aim was to show, in the context of his work as an auditor, what the requirements of a Halal food certification and an associated Halal audit are, based on a case study. For this purpose, he took part in a pre-audit as well as in an initial certification audit.
The author felt that the topic was important because the issue of halal is interpreted very differently in practice, depending on whether it is a producer or consumer. Likewise, the importance of elaborating the topic was based on the fact that the halal food industry is globally growing in importance for both producers and distributors, as well as for consumers. So, the elaboration was cut off for interested consumers for Halal to the interested producers in the economic sector.
Within the framework of this thesis, the theoretical part was literary, while the main part or the practical part was about the certification and audit based on the practical findings.
In the theoretical part, the following relevant findings emerged:
- The market of Halal is the fastest growing market in the world, led especially by strong non-Muslim countries and their producers.
- For producers and consumers, Halal does not only concern Halal meat in particular, but also many other food sectors.
In the practical part, the following results became clear:
- The institutions that develop and prescribe halal standards worldwide are certain professional accreditation bodies consisting of experts in all relevant fields. These standards are subject to the standards of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), GCC Standardization Organization (GSO), United Arabic Emirates (UAE) and others.
- The resulting certification standards are specified for the Halal certification institutes. Accordingly, auditing and certification is carried out in accordance with the Halal-guidelines of the result of these experts.
- From these results the work corresponding to the standards in the context of an audit and a certification, from the preliminary work by examination of relevant documents up to the certification.

Pengenalan Sejajar dengan perkembangan populasi masyarakat muslim di dunia, pasaran halal di peringkat antarabangsa turut mengalami peningkatan yang memberangsangkan. Hal ini berpunca daripada kesedaran masyarakat terhadap produk dan barangan halal sebagai kegunaan harian mereka. Bahkan konsep halal yang berasal daripada agama Islam tersebut tidak hanya berasaskan kepada faktor agama semata-mata, bahkan ia turut mengetengahkan kualiti sesuatu produk dan barangan sebagai subjek utama. Hal ini adalah bertepatan dengan konsep halalan thoyyiban yang menjadi tunjang utama dalam penentuan halal sesuatu produk dan barangan. Konsep halalan thoyyiban yang bersifat komprehensif dan universal ini seterusnya menjadi faktor utama kepada kejayaan Malaysia menjadi peneraju industri halal dengan penghasilan produk yang berkualiti tinggi di rantau Asia Tenggara. 1 Pelajar sarjana dalam bidang Syariah dan undang-undang, akademi pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya.

The manufacture, marketing and use of medical instrumentations and devices ('medical device') is a big business on a global scale-in Malaysia and elsewhere in Asia-Pacific region. Medical manufacturers of these devices in Muslim majority countries are required to address both not only ethical issue but also Halal certification of such devices. Growing consumer trends among Muslim consumers for Halal certification of food and products now appears to have expanded into medical device due to increased Halal awareness among Muslim consumers. The business need for Halal certification as part of global business strategy for manufacturers, importers and exporters has now become an integral part of business strategic decision process. The main objective of this research is to explore the needs of laws and regulation and syariah compliance process in a journey of Halal certification in various categories, such as the use of medical devices and providing halal supports for business rationality in the making of Halal medical to be part of Halal Economy in 21st Century.

2019 is expected to be an exciting year for Halal. Much of its vibrancy derives from the facts that some of its prominent legislative, directive and guidelines had changed or expected to be revised this year. We have seen the revision of the Halal food standards, MS1500:2019 and Halal standards on logistic series, the MS2400 as well as a few other revision (early stages and in progress). It is also anticipated that a new Halal certification manual procedure shall also be introduced this year to replace the MPPHM 2014. This also to realign the new proposed manual procedure with the new requirements in the latest MS1500 standards. The Halal assurance systems guidelines 2011, is expected to be changed as well. The proposed guidelines is a total revamp of the existing Halal assurance systems which introduce the Internal Halal Control Systems (IHCS) for the micro and small enterprise categories. Public comment and industry engagement on the new manual procedures, and Halal management systems have been conducted since early this year, and both documents are projected to be gazzeted by the third-quarter of 2019, or earlier. This article discusses and highlights some of the proposed content and requirements in the Malaysia Halal Management Systems (MHMS) 2019.

This is a nine-year-old document that was created in 2010. Some of the content may not be relevant or consistent with the current body of knowledge, fatwa, legislative documents or requirement by the authority. I am keeping it here as I feel that some of the content still beneficial to some. Please use the information cautiously, and do refer to other sources for confirmation and validity - Regards, author (Ahmad Sahir Jais).

The Malaysian standards are governed by the Department of Standards Malaysia (Standard Malaysia), an agency under the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). Standards Malaysia is the national standards body and the national accreditation body, derived its statutory power under Standards of Malaysia Act 1996. As to date, the number of Halal related standards is currently tally at 15, and the number is increasing.

When auditor issued Non-Conformances Reports (NCRs) to the auditee, Corrective Action Requests (CARs) also need to be issued as well, officially seeking remedies and correction to the non-conformances found. A closed-up NCRs means that the CARs has been successfully implemented, either on a temporary or permanent basis. Unclosed NCRs signifies unsolved issues that could jeopardise the halal systems integrity, where Halal risk still a credible threat. Therefore, each NCRs must be closed on every audit cycles. A significant element in the closing of NCRs is the Root Cause Analysis (RCA), an instrument used to identify the cause of the non-conformances and provide a permanent and long terms solution to the issues at hand.

This study discusses halal issue in medical device industry that has yet to be included in halal certification scheme through the focus on the application of surgical sutures. Surgical sutures constitute the largest groups among biomaterials used as implants for wound closure in various surgical procedures. This paper attempts to identify issues on the application of surgical sutures that contribute to the requirements of developing halal medical device ecosystem, especially on catgut suture as it is animal-based material.

Why is Halal Executive (HE) is required in the Malaysian Halal certification procedures? What made them an integral parts of the internal Halal control of within a Halal certified business operation? These are the frequently asked question in relation to the HE functions and designation. The terms "Halal Executive" were first mentioned in the MS1500:2009, and later incorporated in the JAKIM's Manual Procedure for Halal Certification. Halal executive plays a crucial role in ensuring that the products and services rendered are conforming to the Shariah requirements, thus deemed halal for Muslim's consumption.

Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai pentingnya industri halal, tantangan apa saja yang akan dihadapi dalam pengembangan industri halal, dan peluang perkembangan industri halal di Indonesia dan dunia, serta langkah untuk mengembangkan industri halal di Indonesia. Pembahasan ditulis berdasarkan gagasan pribadi terkait industri halal dengan metode kualitatif, yaitu melalui studi literatur. Sertifikat halal suatu produk dapat dijadikan standar jaminan keamanan dan mutu sehingga dapat menarik minat masyarakat bagi muslim bahkan non-muslim sekalipun. Suatu kehalalan tidak hanya diterapkan untuk makanan dan minuman saja, tetapi juga berbagai bidang seperti pariwisata, kosmetik, busana, dll. Oleh karena itu, masih banyak peluang yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia untuk mengembangkan industri halal baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia.

The term ‘Halal’ is becoming more visible: as an ingredient brand, a label and as a seal of approval. However, it is debatable whether current branding approaches encapsulate the full nature and spirit of what Halal is and means. The implications being that concepts of Halal will be changed and even eroded – affecting Muslims, brands and businesses.

The Malaysian Halal certification process has come of age. For the past 45 years, since 1974, the certification process has gone through several changes and development which safeguard Halal food sustainability, integrity and reliability. Present challenges, in forms of more advanced, sophisticated preparation, processing and manufacturing of raw material and ingredients, led to a more demanding set of control measures. Regulations and parameters are set forth to regulate the Halal industry, which ultimately to protect the interest of the Muslim's community in Malaysia. The Malaysian Halal regulatory structure transverse macro and microenvironment within the Halal ecosystem. The credibility and integrity of Halal ecosystem in Malaysia are immensely derived from the fact that the regulatory elements, provide support in terms of remedies and penalties, guide and control, over Halal code's transgression. The scope of the regulatory framework is adequate to cover every aspect of the Halal ecosystem.

Permintaan terhadap produk kosmetik halal dalam kalangan pengguna Muslim
semakin meningkat dari hari ke hari kerana mereka perlu tampil segar dan menarik
ketika bertugas atau bersosial di luar rumah. Tujuan kertas penyelidikan ini ialah
untuk mengkaji tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal dengan mengadaptasikan
kerangka literasi kewangan yang diperkenalkan oleh OECD dalam menilai hubungan
antara faktor-faktor demografik pelajar pascasiswazah beragama Islam yang
mengikuti pengajian Sarjana dan Doktor Falsafah bagi sesi 2019 / 2020 seperti
jantina, umur, latar belakang pengajian, penaja pendidikan dan taraf perkahwinan.
Soal selidik dijalankan menggunakan teknik ‘Convenience Sampling’ secara atas
talian kepada semua mahasiswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di 14 fakulti dan dua
akademi pengajian di Universiti Malaya. Hasilnya, daripada 300 soal selidik yang
berjaya dikumpulkan, hanya 106 data yang sah dan dapat digunakan untuk analisa
seterusnya. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah silang tabulasi untuk mendedahkan
corak dan trend pelajar pascasiswazah serta pengetahuan kosmetik halal,
menggunakan ‘Mann-Whitney Test’ dan ‘Kruskal-Wallis Test’ untuk menguji
hipotesis kajian. Ujian kolerasi pula dilaksanakan bagi mengenalpasti faktor
demografik yang mempunyai hubungkait dengan pengetahuan kosmetik halal. Silang
tabulasi berjaya mendedahkan corak atau trend pelajar pascasiswazah yang berusia
26-30 tahun dan masih bujang yang paling ketara mendapat skor pengetahuan
kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Ia dilihat seiring dengan laporan pengkaji lepas yang
mengatakan bahawa kelompok usia 27 tahun memiliki kuasa memilih dan membeli
produk kosmetik yang mereka sukai. Tetapi ujian hipotesis menunjukkan sebaliknya,
apabila dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah lelaki, yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dan sudah berumahtangga yang lebih memiliki
tahap pengetahuan kosmetik halal yang tinggi. Manakala, ujian kolerasi
menunjukkan kekuatan kolerasi yang lemah antara faktor demografik dan
pengetahuan kosmetik halal, tapi umur dan taraf perkahwinan menunjukkan arah positif dengan nilai signifikan <0.05. Latar belakang pengajian pelajar pascasiswazah
menunjukkan arah negatif memberi isyarat bahawa pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian Islam dari Timur Tengah menguasai pengetahuan
kosmetik halal. Secara keseluruhan, limitasi kajian berlingkar dalam menerangkan
ralat dalam merekabentuk instrumen kajian dan ralat pensampelan yang sepatutnya
menggunakan ‘Purposive Sampling’. Namun begitu, kajian ini dapat menyediakan
informasi berguna tentang bagaimana kerangka literasi kewangan OECD dapat
diadaptasikan dalam kajian kosmetik halal. Perkaitan antara kedua-duanya ialah
pembelian dan penggunaan kosmetik halal juga melibatkan wang pengguna.
Sekiranya pengguna produk kosmetik halal terdiri daripada mereka yang tergolong
dalam kumpulan yang amat terdedah dengan risiko kesempitan wang, maka
pembelian kosmetik halal dianggap satu bentuk pembaziran. Kajian ini juga berjaya
mendedahkan corak pemahaman dan pengamalan pelajar pascasiswazah yang
berlatarbelakangkan pengajian dari Timur Tengah di mana rata-rata mereka lebih
gemar mengamalkan produk kosmetik yang pernah digunakan oleh Rasulullah
S.A.W. dalam penjagaan dan perapian diri.

Nilai wakaf tunai yang telah dikumpulkan di seluruh dunia pada masa kini dianggarkan berjumlah USD35 bilion. Potensi besar wakaf tunai dari sudut pengumpulan dana yang besar, diurus secara sistematik dan seterusnya hasil-hasil yang diperolehi disalurkan kepada penerima-penerima manfaat terutamanya di dalam sektor pendidikan dan kesihatan telah menarik minat umat seluruh dunia untuk turut terlibat di dalam aktiviti berbetuk kebajikan ini. Di Malaysia, penerimaan masyarakat Islam terhadap konsep wakaf tunai berkait rapat dengan peranan besar yang telah dimainkan oleh pihak yang berautoriti seperti Majlis Fatwa Kebangsaan dan Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) yang bertanggungjawab mengeluarkan fatwa-fatwa tentang keharusan amalan-amalan di dalam perkara berkaitan muamalat Islam termasuklah wakaf tunai. Justeru, objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisa fatwa-fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh badan-badan fatwa di peringkat nasional dan antarabangsa tentang konsep dan amalan wakaf tunai. Selain itu, model wakaf tunai yang diperkenalkan dan diamalkan di Malaysia juga turut diteliti. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan perpustakaan dan penelitian data sekunder berkaitan dengan fatwa-fatwa berkaitan wakaf tunai dan model-model wakaf tunai yang dipraktikkan. Dapatan daripada kajian ini diharapkan menjadi pemangkin terhadap peranan proaktif pihak-pihak berkepentingan di dalam pengurusan aset wakaf tunai berpandukan kepada fatwa-fatwa yang telah dikeluarkan.
Kata Kunci: Wakaf Tunai, Fatwa, Model Wakaf

The Internal Halal Control Systems (IHCS) has been gazetted to complement the Malaysian's Halal certification scheme as parts of a Halal internal controls mechanism. Internal Halal Control Systems provides a certain degree of control over Halal production, comprising raw material control and material traceability. Its adoption is far less complicated than the Halal Assurance Systems (HAS) program, as it is intended for micro-scale and small-scale enterprises. When dealing with a quality-based system, the internal system's review is essential in ensuring that the system runs according to the anticipated objectives at the highest efficiency level possible. In the HAS program, a Management Reviews and Halal Internal Audit (HIA) are included as part of the requirements that precisely assessed the efficiency of the internal control mechanism. Unfortunately, this kind of self-assessment lacks in the Internal Halal Control Systems program. This will eventually affect the Internal Halal Control Systems, as there are no preset evaluation programs readily available to monitor the Internal Halal Control Systems program's implementation. A simple assessment and evaluation of the systems should be set to facilitate the running of the said systems.

Amongst three Muslim majority countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei) of ASEAN, Malaysia leads the halal industry globally and considered to be the global halal hub. Simultaneously, the market is growing tremendously in other member countries as well. It has been realized that a number of driving forces are responsible for boosting the expansion of Halal industry globally as well as in ASEAN. While there are a number of factors accelerating the growth of the Halal industry, there are many limitations and challenges that are hindering the market expansion. Therefore, this chapter introduces the overview of Halal industry globally as well as in ASEAN counties. The chapter explores the opportunities of the Halal industry for ASEAN counties followed by identifying the issues and challenges confronted by industry players. Finally, it concludes by providing some recommendations in the ASEAN
context based on the current global situation and findings of the Halal industry. The chapter adopts the methodology of analyzing secondary data.

Halal agriculture-based commodities have been growing rapidly in the world market, but Indonesia's role is still limited. People think that halal certificate is a religious issue. This paper aims to assess positive sides of the halal certification in order to strengthen the agriculture-based industrial sector. This is a literature review and an observation of practice implementation of halal assurance system in Indonesia. Information was obtained from journals, books, magazines, newspapers and electronic media, such as official webs of certification bodies as well as personal communication with competent sources. The results indicate that issues on halal products become a significant opportunity to improve agribusiness economic power by strengthening agriculture-based industries. ABSTRAK Komoditas halal berbasis pertanian telah berkembang pesat di pasar dunia, namun peranan Indonesia masih sangat rendah. Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat yang masih menganggap halal hanya sebagai isu agama semata. Tulisan ini berupaya untuk melihat sisi positif sertifikasi halal dalam memperkuat sektor industri berbasis pertanian. Metode yang dilakukan adalah melalui peninjauan pustaka-pustaka yang relevan dan pengamatan praktik pelaksanaan sistem jaminan halal di Indonesia. Informasi didapatkan melalui sumber-sumber dari jurnal, buku, majalah, koran, dan media elektronik seperti halaman resmi organisasi lembaga sertifikasi serta komunikasi pribadi dengan narasumber yang kompeten. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa isu halal menjadi peluang yang sangat besar untuk meningkatkan kekuatan perekonomian agribisnis melalui penguatan industri berbasis pertanian. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga memberikan gagasan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai landasan dalam menentukan strategi dan kebijakan di bidang pertanian.

The objective of this paper is to analyse the Halal standards among OIC Country specifically on preparation of food standard. One of the reasons why the Halal industry cannot grow faster, despite rising demands for Halal products worldwide, is because there is no consensus on a Halal standard. Each country has its own certification body, which leads to disagreements over animal feed, slaughtering methods, packaging, logistics and other issues. Indeed, all sectors of the market from inter-government agencies to the smallest trader have recognized the need for one global Halal standard that is recognised by all importing countries. Amidst the growing number of agencies issuing Halal certificates, there is also an increasing trend for local government departments to take charge of Halal certification as a result of the increasing demand for the export of Halal goods. It would be very difficult for countries to collectively agree on one global Halal standard as this would mean surrendering their sovereign rights. As a conclusion, uniformity and consensus especially among OIC Countries is very much important in order to ensure Halal standard for OIC Countries can be develop or otherwise it will be a dream forever. Implication of this paper is to educate people and industry on the importance of having uniformity for Halal standard. Hence, in the future research, it is suggested to study on the establishment of International Accreditation for Halal.

Purpose of the study: Indonesia is a country with a majority of the Muslim population and the development of the halal industry should be the main focus. This study aims at examining the obstacles of halal industry development in Indonesia. It also attempts to provide strategies on how to accelerate the development of the halal industry in Indonesia. Methodology: This study used a qualitative research approach with the Analytic Network Process (A.N.P.) analysis techniques. This analysis process is supported by Microsoft Excel and A.N.P. software (Superdecisions). The analysis results from A.N.P. are in the order of priority. Because the A.N.P. analysis technique only uses the opinions of the experts, the results of this study will be robust enough. Main Findings: Based on the results of literature and in-depth interviews with experts, there are several important obstacles related to the development of the halal industry in Indonesia. Those obstacles are policy, production, socializa...

This paper aims to investigate various products of key distributors in Hyderabad market accordance with halal Certification and country of origin. The FMCG products are surveyed. As the demand of these products are increasing day by day. With the rapid increase of FMCG sector, Pakistan Being an Islamic country Muslims are at ease as they believe that whatever the product that is available in market is halal. Not give a second thought of country of origin. The research is performed on a survey based study to investigate the FMCG products. In that product are categorized into two categories that are food and non-food products. The survey is conducted in Hyderabad of different super markets that include Dawood super mart, Max bachat, The Grocers, Baig mart, Hamid super store and many other. In this research Food Products that are surveyed includes beverages, Dairy Products, baked Products and snacks. And Non-food products that are surveyed include Cosmetics, Toiletries, Cleaning Product and Fragrance products. Present study found that there is very less products in market are halal certified. It is an alarming time for Pakistan as it is an Islamic country there is no halal certification body that can certify the products. In food category 62 products of  Beverages were surveyed out of which only 24% are halal certified, 37 dairy Products were surveyed out of which only 24.3% are halal certified ,30 snack food were surveyed out of which only 30% are halal certified and 84 baked products were surveyed out of which only 50% are halal certified. In Non-food category 69 Toiletries Products were surveyed out of which only 13% are halal certified, 26 Cleaning products out of which 0% are halal certified, 62 Cosmetic products out of which 0% are halal certified, 63 Fragrance products out of which 0% are halal certified. The total number of food products were surveyed was 213. Out of them only 35.2% were halal Certified. The total number of Non-food Products were surveyed was 220 Products. Out of them only 4.09% were halal certified. Pakistan has no regulatory body who can checked the products that are available in market, are Halal certified or not. This research is one of the few studies in context of Pakistan which is investigating the FMCG products accordance with halal certification and country of Origin. The study also provided new findings of Pakistani Market that there are very less products which are halal certified. The result of the study is quite different with other halal studies.

The purpose of this study was to analyze cosmetics purchasing decisions by consumers with consideration of halal labels or product quality where brand image as an intervening variable. This study uses quantitative methods with confirmatory objectives. Questionnaires are distributed using a purposive sampling method for 400 respondents in several villages throughout Indonesia. The results showed that the halal label significantly influenced brand image and purchasing decisions. Product quality affects brand image but has no impact on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, brand image has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.  The research implications show that for rural communities, promotion of halal cosmetics is more useful for driving purchasing decisions compared to the quality of cosmetic products.

Where did the requirement for conducting an internal Halal audit come from? What is the source of authority for the audit to be included as part of the Halal Assurance Systems program? These two inquiries are among the most frequently asked questions when it comes to the firm's commitment to sustaining the Halal certification. In the current certification practices, certificate holders who subscribe to the HAS program as part of the certification requirements must at the interval, conduct an internal audit of the halal systems. et us define the parameters in this article's discussion before we proceed further. The Halal Internal Audit (HIA) that we are discussing is also known as the First-Party Audit. This means that the audit process is being performed within the boundaries of the company. The scope and specifications of the audit program are therefore limited to managing the internal halal process, directed by expertise within the organisation itself. In comparison, the Second-Party Audit is carried out by the organisation to other parties, such as potential suppliers. Third-Party audit, most frequently performed by certification bodies, in this case, JAKIM or JAIN for Halal certification. All three of these audits differ in their objectives, processes and executions. The narratives for this article are based on this fundamental question, where did the requirement for conducting HIA and the source of authority for the audit to be included as part of the HAS program? For this article on the HIA, literature analysis of relevant legislative and statutory document was used to infer any legal ramification as the basis for this argument. The three primary reference materials used were; 1) the Halal Certification Manual Procedure (3 rd Revision) 2014, 2) Malaysian Standards on Halal (Food, Logistics, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics) and 3) Halal Assurance Management Systems Guidelines 2011. To give a more solid inference on this matter, the literature used was extended to include all relevant halal certification requirements (From the year 2000 to 2020), Halal certification circulars, Shariah-based quality management systems based on ISO requirements and all ISO auditing guidelines and references. These results are finalised by literature review of other data collection consisting of Halal audit references such as Halal certification guidelines, Halal-related legal documents, Halal-related standards and publications. In the Malaysian Halal Certification Manual for Procedure (3 rd Revision) 2014, did not explicitly mention any need for internal audit. However, there is a detailed explanation of the audit from the certification bodies. Bear in mind this is not the same requirements as in Halal Internal Audit.

Globally the private/voluntary standards have found significance with the increasing role of global value chain coupled with globalisation and liberalisation initiative by emerging markets.  It is also linked to the more prominent role of the private sector in such activities of commerce from the 1970s onwards.  The global commercial history after the second world war can be broadly divided into two phases, the first phase of 1946 to 1970 a period dominated by the state-led initiative of regional groupings.  The second phase begins with post-1970s wherein the private sector had a direct or indirect role is steering the various trade grouping and negotiations.  The United Nation has played differential roles since the inspection under the two broad phases.  The pronounced role of the UN is that of a neutral player within the divided world this has witnessed an erosion since the beginning from the 1970s.  The increased role of the private sector has led to various initiatives driven by their interests. 
One such initiative has been the private/voluntary sustainability standards (P/VSS).  The example is of a pressure cooker wherein the ‘value’ is private sustainability standards. There would be little interest in the more significant globally on sustainability issues which is more of a public good when the private sectors are actively driving the global processes.  Therefore, the likely impacts need to be analysed in detail.  Tthis section is the part two of the draft report “Emergence of Private Sustainability Standards: Concerns and Challenges for India’s Exports and Domestic Industries”.  Chapter two of part one of the Report addresses the trend and usage of the VS/ PSS in India.  It further highlights the challenges in doing so owing to lack of clear distinction - given the lack of consensus-based definition of VS/ PSS.  Some private standards have evolved to become the private sustainability standards.  Globally the voluntary/ private standards numbered are 624, with minimal number graduated to become truly PSS.  Secondly, it traces the origin of the understanding of all existing VS/ PSS to United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972).  In this context, inter-ministerial coordination between finance, labour, health, environment and commerce could help Indian industries – by way of active participation in standards-setting processes and adoption of more regional standards.  There are no agencies assigned formally by the Department of Commerce (DoC) for record of VS/ PSS present and operating in India.  Given its importance for international trade for India, there is an urgent need to keep a record of all VS and PSS.  These would help in the impact analysis of the domestic adoption in the context of exports and coordination of value chains.

The global halal industry has experienced significant development and has become a concern for countries in the world, both countries with Muslim-majority populations or not (Hamid et al., 2019; Adha et al., 2017; Haryani et al., 2017). Indonesia itself is in the top ten positions in the global halal industry, with the consumption value of the halal industry in 2017 reached more than USD 200 billion. This enormous value is supported by the number of Muslims who are 229 million people or 87.2% of the population. Besides, this value is supported by a growing awareness and understanding of the importance of the ‘halalness’ of a product. Therefore, halal products and services are crucial and needed by Muslims in meeting their needs.

Müslüman ülkelerdeki helâl sertifika hizmetleri, siyasi, ekonomik, sosya-kültürel ve toplumsal uyum açısından farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu durum Malezya gibi çok uluslu ülkelere (MNC) bu alanda çok zorlu bir görev yüklemektedir. Genellikle Müslüman ülkelere yönelik bir uygulama olan helâl sertifika işlemleri söz konusu ülkelerin büyüme oranına göre de şekillenmektedir. Müslümanlar dünya nüfusunun neredeyse %20'sini temsil etmektedir. Dahası, bu rakamın 2025 yılına kadar %30'a çıkması beklenmektedir. İslam'da en önemli kavramlardan biri helâl kavramıdır. Helâl, kesim, depolama, sergileme, hazırlama, hijyen, temizlik ve yiyeceklerin yanı sıra gıda dışı ürünler kategorisini de kapsamaktadır. Ticaretin küreselleşmesinin hızı, bilim ve teknolojideki gelişme ve üretim süreçlerini basitleştirmek için devam eden girişimler göz önüne alındığında, helâl kavramının diğer ülkeler tarafından da tam olarak anlaşılması önem arz etmektedir. Bugün birçok ülke Malezya'nın helâl sertifika politikasını ve prosedürünü kendine örnek almakta ve bu prosedürü uygulamaktadır. Malezya helâl sertifikasyon politikası ve prosedüründe, helâl ürün ve hizmetler sağlamada ana oyuncu olma işlevini devam ettirmektedir. Bu araştırma bir çok konferans, sempozyum, fuar ve diğer akademik çalışmalardan yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada neden Malezya’nın model ülke olarak kendini ilan ettiği ve helâl gıda problemlerinin Malezya’daki hukuki süreçleri ele alınmakta, ayrıca dünyadaki helâl ürün ve hizmetlerde kendini örnek ve sorumlu ülke olarak konumlandıran Malezya'nın helâl sertifika standardı ve prosedürü dini, ekonomik, sağlık ve lojistik açılardan incelenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İslam Hukuku, Helâl, Helâl Standartları, Helâl Sertifika, Malezya.
The world starts to realize about need for Muslims dietary requirement and eating known as halal.  It is seen that the countries of which have high Muslim population such as Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, Brunei and Malaysia on the other hand, non-Muslim countries for example Thailand, Singapore and the United Kingdom, have different approaches on the practices of Halal.
Today from east to west, halal industry has big part for food manufacturing and getting global stage in business world. Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Turkey, Malaysia, Brunei just some of the examples that having full concerned about halal food by government. Malaysia, among these counties has increasing its economy and it opens new opportunities to have market in halal industry as well and today Malaysia volunteer to improve the halal industry for others and become halal hub for the world. Since halal logo and certification has big market capacity there is so many works about halal food and certification.
The recent Malaysian Standard, MS 1500 mentions about halal food management, the practical strategies for the food industry, its preparation, the business of halal food and the obligations for halal standards and food trades. For halal certification Malaysia practice with the association of MS – standards 1480, food safety according to hazard analysis and critical control point system and MS 1514 which is about good manufacturing practice these two important standards’ content safeties the good and clean product for believers.
The 3th section of 1975 trade Description in Malaysia is defining of halal based on the Islamic rules and law. 
• It does not contain anything or small part of any animal that is prohibited by Muslim law or it is prohibited in accordance with the law specified in Islam, it is forbidden by Islamic law to eat or that has not been slaughtered in agreement with Islamic law.
• Does not contain anything which is considered to be not clean according to Islamic law.
• Is not prepared, processed or manufactured using any instrument that is not free from anything not clean base on the Islamic law.
• Has not in the course of preparation, processing or storage been in contact or close to any food that fails to satisfy Islamic rules or anything that is considered to be unclean according to Islamic law.
On the other hand, despite of some rules and regulation on halal food, Malaysian consumers still struggling to understand and apply act and it is clear that it still does not affect their choice while they are consuming or buying products. There are several technologies that have been found and recognised in previous studies; those studies aim to find ways to detect non halal materials in products that are to be certified halal. For that research chemists check for porcine DNA or an unacceptable level of alcohol, for example. Also try to find alternatives to forbidden ingredients such as gelatine made from fish skin instead of from pigs and researches are very important for hall industry. There is some research working on making sure to processes used to make drugs are halal. To make vaccines and other proteins, you need to culture cells in a bioreactor.
It can be said that the understanding of the halal concept is not enough clear. Muslims are giving high priority and care to halal food industry and they are more sensitive as it is regarded as an important and obligatory in their religion. Malaysia is one of the leading countries for the halal standardization, but still there are many issues and complexity about halal standards, certification, logo etc. Most of those problems are related with sensitivity of halal amongst Muslim community.
Malaysia is doing its best to establish and promote the halal industries to Muslim and non-Muslim countries. It is one of the good examples for multi-race and multi-religion countries and pioneer with practicing halal standards when we look at the halal management HDC that takes authority from JAKIM. Laws and standards on halal food, halal certification process and application will be smoother and will protect the consumers. It will decrease the violation and misuse of halal concept, Malaysian halal laws and principles on this matter are considered as the strictest as per now regardless the shortcomings in implementing these standards.
Issues such as the functioning of halal food certification studies in Malaysia, a success story on halal to other countries, financial and formal procedure processes of halal food studies are very important and will be an example of studies in Turkey.
Keywords: Islamic Law, Halal, Halal Standards, Halal Certification, Malaysia.

We will be happy and honourable to host our esteemed academicians and researchers in the 2nd International Halal Tourism Congress that we plan to organize in cooperation with Kastamonu University Faculty of Tourism and International Halal Tourism Organization (IHATO).

Halal Branding is a culturally-centric approach to championing branded lived experiences and intersectionality. Professor Wilson offers a nuanced and fresh philosophical approach - packed with branding toolkits, practical advice and a touch of creative hip-hop/grunge flair, on how clusters of people, influenced by Muslims and Islam, can build authentic brands and profit from Prophethood.

This study aims to analyze customer purchasing decisions on cosmetic products by considering halal labels or product quality where brand image is an intervening variable. This study uses quantitative methods with confirmatory objectives.Questionnaires are distributed using a purposive sampling method for 400 respondents in several villages throughout Indonesia. The results showed that the halal label significantly influenced brand image and purchasing decisions.Product quality affects brand image but has no impact on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, brand image has a significant influence on purchasing decisions.The research implications show that for rural communities, promotion of halal cosmetics is more useful for driving purchasing decisions compared to the quality of cosmetic products.

Muslim men and cosmetics were rarely emphasized in previous literature. This paper aims to gauge the level of halal cosmetic awareness and decision-making power among Muslim males in Malaysia in terms of age, educational level, Islamic backgrounds and marital status. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 respondents aged between 18-30 years old, but only 86 of the respondents for this study were males. These 86 male respondents were categorized by their marital status. The findings showed that married males and males who are pursuing postgraduate studies scored a higher level of halal cosmetic awareness and decision-making power compared to their single counterparts. Particularly married postgraduate males below 25 years old, and from non-Islamic background scored a high halal cosmetic awareness, while those aged above 25, and from an Islamic background scored a high halal cosmetic decision-making power. Correlation result has shown that in general, Muslim males but from non-Islamic background were very likely to have higher halal cosmetic level of decision-making power than their Islamic counterparts, regardless their marital status. The findings of the study indicate that OECD's financial literacy framework could also be adapted in the study of cosmetic literacy with certain important Islamic guidelines of cosmetic consumption.