Ems

El manejo de la vía aérea en el ambiente prehospitalario supone un gran reto para los profesionales de la salud ya que existen muchos factores que lo dificultan o imposibilitan. El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar e imprimir en 3D un dispositivo supraglótico para la intubación orotraqueal a ciegas y evaluar la eficiencia en costos para su uso rutinario por los servicios de atención médica de urgencias. El diseño se hizo basándose en el dispositivo comercial “SALT” y se realizó un estudio económico prospectivo para calcular su costo total de producción. Los resultados demostraron un ahorro del 92.64% en comparación con el costo promedio de dispositivos comerciales similares.

The medical management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) follows the recommendations of international medical societies. The call to the emergency services by the patient triggers a race against the clock in pre-hospital care. It is essential to reduce the duration of the inadequate perfusion of the heart in order to limit its consequences. An effective reperfusion strategy must be planned in advance taking into account the logistical constraints. It is crucial that the general public is educated to recognise the signs of ACS and to call the emergency services immediately (such as (15,112, 991).
La prise en charge médicale du syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) est cadrée par les recommandations des sociétés savantes internationales. L’appel au centre 15 par le patient déclenche une course contre la montre en préhospitalier. Il faut réduire le délai de mauvaise perfusion du cœur et en limiter les conséquences. Une stratégie de reperfusion efficace doit être anticipée avec des contraintes logistiques. L’éducation des populations est primordiale dans la reconnaissance des signes de SCA, avec un appel précoce au centre 15, 112 ou 911.

кратък НАРЪЧНИК ФИРМЕНО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА ЗА МСП в България от СЕКТОРИТЕ металообработване, химически, повърхностна обработка, електроника и електротехника, текстил Наръчникът е изработен от Фондация "ГИС ТрансферЦентър", в рамките и с финансовата подкрепа на проект EURESP+ ENT/CIP/10/D/N02S00 в екип: инж.физ. Соня Петкова -Координатор на Проекта за България проф. Костадин Костадинов -Директор на проекта проф. Нешо Чипев -Главен експерт еколог по проекта доц. Николай Божков -Старши експерт химик по проекта ст.н.с. Георги Райчевски -Главен експерт химик по проекта инж. Цветелина Йоргова -експерт ТТО по проекта инж. Надежда Георгиева -специалист връзки с обществеността по проекта. Георги Филипов -Информационен център на ЕС, консултант по проекта 2012г.

A step by step guide on how to master the basics in Accounting. Whether you have just started Accounting or struggling to grasp the basic principles, this book is for you. Colourful illustrations make Accounting come alive on your iPad or device, and it is a valuable add-on in the classroom for students doing Accounting or EMS.

Downloadable in both epub and mobi (for Kindle) format on devices or computer (laptop). 368 pages.

Download an epub reader on your mobile devices, eg ibooks or ebook reader.

For Windows use this link to download a reader:

https://icecreamapps.com/Download-Ebook-Reader/

Teachers and Learner copies available.

Teacher copy - 5 devices Click here: http://payhip.com/b/987A

Learner book  - 3 devices  Click here: http://payhip.com/b/Ao1x

De acuerdo a las exigencia o políticas de la educación media superior se hace necesario el apoyo en la nueva faceta de la construcción del conocimiento durante la trayectoria del estudiante lo cual implica especial atención a las formas en que el alumno aprende, a vincularse y programarse hacia el futuro.

The organization of a emergency medical services (EMS)
must obey the reality of a country focused on the goal
of providing opportunity and quality of care to patients
who suffer an urgency, emergency and / or disaster in the
prehospital setting. Thus, the EMS in Chile into its component
subsystems private and public has responded with a system
other than American or European (mainly French /Germany),
ie, a more well organized with multiple levels of response
from resuscitations drivers, paramedics, health university
professionals non-doctors, and doctors. Besides having a
central axis that is continuing medical regulation for the
administration or management of the unique number of
health emergencies and the limited resources available to
community demand.
In the same context, the resolution of timing and quality
is achieved the key issues pointing time-dependent life-
threatening, and these trials (cardiac arrest out-hospital,
compromised airway or ventilation, compromise tissue
perfusion and confrontation with chest pain with its
highest expression is acute coronary syndrome) as well as
organizational (including the presence of some doctors in
the Prehospital (Ph) or the use of certain sensitive resources
such as rescue for helicopters).

Introduction: One of the most important components of emergency medical services (EMS) which plays a major role in reducing mortality and disability of victims is access to healthcare services. Equitable access to healthcare services requires providing essential and accessible services for all people without imposing any financial burden on them. The aim of this study was to determine and prioritize the components of access to EMS in Iran. Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that has done in the first half of 2010 in Iran using DEMATEL method. The data about the access components of EMS in different systems was collected using researcher-made questionnaire. Afterwards, a sample of 30 Iranian experts in EMS who were selected using purposive sampling method were asked to evaluate the suggestions and revise the collected components using their scientific, practical and visionary experience. Then, the components were identified using Delphi method. The priorit...

Le Centre d’Enseignement des Soins d’Urgence est historiquement “l’école des SAMU“ (Services d’Aide Médicale Urgente). Le CESU contribue à la formation initiale et continue des professionnels de santé face à l'urgence. Grâce aux nouvelles techniques pédagogiques mises en œuvre, avec notament la simulation en santé, leur implantation au sein des établissements de santé est non seulement un atout pour le développement professionnel continu (DPC) mais se révèle aussi un outil indispensable à la prévention et la gestion des risques. Grâce à leur réseau créé en intra et extra hospitalier, les CESU représentent une plus value en terme de coordination des soins et probablement en terme financier. Que ce soit en France ou au Mahgreb, ils se profilent comme des acteurs potentiels de l’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles et de la recherche médicale.
[The CESU (Center for EMS Education) is historically “the school of SAMU” (Emergency Medical Services). This center contributes to the initial and continuous training and education for health professionals facing emergencies. Throughout new teaching techniques implemented, especially with simulation in healthcare, their implementation in healthcare facilities is not only an asset to the continuing professional development (CPD), but also turns out to be an essential tool for risk prevention and management. Through their network established within and outside the hospital, this “learning”
center represents an added value in terms of coordination of care and probably in financial terms as well. Whether in France or Maghreb, they are emerging as potential actors in the evaluation of professional practice and medical research.]

In this paper, a day-ahead profit-maximizing energy management scheme for a grid-tied microgrid operation is proposed. The microgrid contains various types of distributed energy resources (DERs) and an inverter-interfaced battery-bank storage system. The average of day-ahead hourly forecasted data for loads, wind speed, and solar radiation are inputted into the framework of energy management (EMF). To optimize the microgrid performance, EMF determines the hourly dispatch of reactive and active power for each DER. Also, it specifies the discharging and charging times of the energy storage system and the on-load tap changer position setting of the transformer connected to the main grid. The main aim is to maximize the revenue of microgrid meeting all technical limitations. The main grid can sell/buy reactive and active powers to/from the microgrid with a variable daily energy price of the market. A collective rule base-BAT algorithm is implemented as a solver of the energy management optimization problem for a grid-tided microgrid. Furthermore, the ability of the suggested EMF is proved in comparison with recent approaches.

This book comes in two parts. The first is an introduction to the asymptotic theory of combinatorial structures that can be decomposed into component elements. The second is a detailed study of such structures, in the style of a research monograph. The reason for this split is that the main ideas are rather straightforward, and can be relatively simply explained. However, using these ideas and a fair amount of technical application, there are many sharp results that can be derived as consequences. We present some of these, to illustrate that the method is not only simple but also powerful. We are specifically concerned with the component frequency spectrumthat is, with the numbers and sizes of the component elements-of a 'typical' structure of given (large) size n. A classic example of a decomposable combinatorial structure is that of permutations of n elements, with cycles as the component elements; here, the component spectrum is just the cycle type. Our approach is to take 'typical' to mean 'with high probability', when a structure is chosen at random according to some given probability distribution from the set of all structures of size n; most commonly, but not necessarily, according to the uniform distribution. This enables us to introduce ideas from probability theory, such as conditioning, Stein's method and distributional approximation, as tools in our investigation. We gain our understanding of the component spectrum by comparison with simpler random objects. Sometimes these objects are discrete; indeed, our fundamental comparisons are with sequences of independent random x 0. Preface

Despite the growth of wilderness medicine in general, some
EMS systems, even in areas with high outdoor activity
usage, are ill-prepared to respond to wilderness emergencies.
Underfunding, jurisdictional issues, undertraining, and
lack of attention can all contribute to a meager formal
rescuer response during your next wilderness emergency.
By law all EMS personnel, whether in the front country
or backcountry, must operate under the medical oversight
of a licensed physician. However, until now there has
been no specific training for physicians to provide this
type of oversight.

After the wedding in Těšín, the accompanied newlyweds went to Salzburg, where they were festively received (so-called reception) in the presence of many invited guests and courtiers of the Archbishop of Salzburg. The entire family of Caspar of Hohenems attended the festivities; Anna Sidonia’s brother, Friedrich William, also came from Munich to greet his sister, representing his father, Adam Wenceslas, there. The newlyweds stayed at the Archbishop’s so-called New Residence in Salzburg (Neue Residenz, today the Salzburg Museum). Jacob Hannibal held the office of chief marshal in the Archbishop’s court, but he was addicted to alcohol and gambling. The great financial demands of his court led to disagreements with his uncle, Marc Sittich, who also strongly criticized Anna Sidonia’s behaviour. That is why Jacob Hannibal had to leave with his wife in the middle of 1617 to the castle of his father, Caspar, in Hohemens. After returning to Salzburg, Princess Anna Sidonia gave birth to son Marc (Hannibal) Sittich, who died after three months, and probably a daughter, Johanna Eleonora. Anna Sidonia died of smallpox in puerperium on 13 March 1619 and was buried in the St. Salvator Chapel three days later. One of the few memories of her is a life-size portrait exhibited in the Municipal Museum and Gallery in the eastern-Bohemian town of Polička.

Within a healthcare system, operational emergency medical services (EMS) programs provide prehospital emergency care to patients in austere and resource-limited settings. Some of these programs are additionally considered to be wilderness EMS programs, a specialized type of operational EMS program, as they primarily function in a wilderness setting (eg, wilderness search and rescue, ski patrols, water rescue, beach patrols, and cave rescue). Other operational EMS programs include urban search and rescue, air medical support, and tactical law enforcement response. The medical director will help to ensure that the care provided follows protocols that are in accordance with local and state prehospital standards, while accounting for the unique demands and needs of the environment. The operational EMS medical director should be as qualified as possible for the specific team that is being supervised. The medical director should train and operate with the team frequently to be effective. Adequate provision for compensation, liability, and equipment needs to be addressed for an optimal relationship between the medical director and the team.

Malaysian Small Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is largest business establishment and vital component of the country’s economic development. However, limited studies were examined on their development, challenges and future green prospects, especially in service sector. Therefore this article examines the development of SMEs in Malaysia, challenges and opportunities of green practices among SMEs which is play a vital role in the nation growth. The uniqueness of this paper focuses on green practices which is important for SMEs to progress and competitive in domestically and globally. The key messages from these studies examined in this paper are that Malaysian SMEs contribute to the largest business establishment in Malaysia especially service sector and majority of them are in micro size establishment. Nevertheless, there are wide recognition in the literature about the factors hinder SMEs from expanding, this is mainly because high cost of raw materials, high initial cost of investment and shortage of skilled labour. The concept of green environment is still at infancy stage in Malaysian SMEs. Environmental management literature mostly published in the developed countries has proven that ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) implementation has a positive and significant relationship with SMEs performance. This study is important indicator to encourage other SMEs which has no green practices in place to consider joining the green bandwagon, especially SMEs service sectors. The studies focused are conditioned by the search strategy used. In addition, other key words could be including in future studies such as performance, customer satisfaction, financial performance, environmental and green supply chain management in order to expand this search. The main contribution of this paper is to identify the development of SMEs in Malaysia and future research proposals with regards to the benefit of the green practices (ISO 14001 standards) in Malaysian SMEs service sector.

The concern that the health care environment may harbor a substantial reservoir of infectious agents has been vigorously examined by microbiology and infectious disease experts. Although universal precautions and disposable equipment reduces risks to patients and providers, the ambulance remains vulnerable to bacterial contamination from biological secretions. Additionally, the nature of emergency medical services creates pressures on prehospital care providers. Objective. We hypothesized that a discrepancy exists between the expectation of disinfection of reusable equipment in emergency medical services (EMS) and the cleaning that actually occurs. Methods. We chose five areas within the ambulance for specimen collection for their reasoned propensity to yield a large spectrum of bacteria. Four first-due ambulances were selected for culturing. The crews did not have advance knowledge of the study or sample collection. Specific identifications with antibiotic susceptibility were completed, identifying three multidrug resistant organisms. Results. Specimens from all four ambulances grew moderate-to-large quantities of environmental and skin flora. Newer, automated microbiological techniques and concerns regarding multipledrug-resistant organism prevalence as well as the potential for biological warfare make complete identification more important. Conclusions. This study examined the bacterial pathogens found in EMS vehicles. Four of the seven species isolated were substantial nosocomial pathogens, and three of these four possess formidable antibiotic resistance patterns. All of the organisms detected are susceptible to the disinfectant agents currently in common use by EMS agencies.

In present investigation, the active bud sprouts of the mulberry genotype BC2-59 was treated with chemical mutagen EMS (0.1% and 0.3%) intermittently for twelve hours,to study the biological effects of EMS on total genomic DNA through RAPD analysis. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) is a mutagenic, teratogenic, and possibly carcinogenic organic compound with formula C3H8O3S. It produces random mutations in genetic material by nucleotide substitution. It is a monofunctionalethylating potent chemical mutagen, proved to be mutagenic in wide variety of genetic test systems from virus to mammal. It causes base-pair insertion or deletions and more extensive intragenic deletions in higher organisms. The alkyl group reacts with DNA which leads to change in the nucleotide sequence consequently ending in point mutation. EMS is found to be more effective and safe for mulberry. The M1V2 beneficial variant clones obtained from 0.3% concentrations of EMS treatment, revealed polymorphs of significantly variable size of different base pairs for two random primers used (OPW-04/05), thus indicating probable changes in the molecular characters of total genomic DNA. Analysis of RAPD revealed genetic variation between control and EMS induced clones. Mutants screened 0.3% showed higher levels of genetic variation and more unique alleles against the control due to EMS induced mutations. These mutations affected the gross morphological characters in the mutant clones of mulberry genotype BC2-59.

The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate responses against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) infection of abaca variants regenerated using four different methods, (ii) to determine initial root length and plant height effects on survival of inoculated abaca variants, and (iii) to identify Foc resistance abaca variants. In the previous experiment, four abaca variant lines were regenerated from (i) embryogenic calli (TC line), (ii) ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) treated embryogenic calli (EMS line), (iii) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on Foc culture filtrate (EMS+CF line), and (iv) EMS treated embryogenic calli, followed by in vitro selection on fusaric acid (EMS+FA line). All abaca variants were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with Banyuwangi isolate of Foc (Foc Bw). Initial root length (RL) and plant height (PH) of the abaca variants were recorded before inoculation, while scores of plant damage (SPD), and their survival were recorded at 60 days after inoculation (DAI). The results showed that the initial RL and PH did not affect survival of the tested abaca variants. Regardless of their initial RL and PH, susceptible abaca variants died before 60 DAI while resistance ones still survived. Abaca variants regenerated from single clump of embryogenic callus showed an array of responses against Foc Bw infection, indicating the existence of a mix cells population. The Foc Bw resistance abaca variants were successfully identified from four tested abaca variant lines, although with different frequencies. However, more Foc Bw resistance abaca plants were identified from EMS+CF line than the others. Using the developed procedures, 8 resistance abaca plants were identified from abaca cv. Tangongon and 12 from abaca cv. Sangihe-1.

Present investigation deals with RP-HPLC analysis of 6-gingerol from rhizome of ginger treated with EMS at different concentrations. The concentration levels were 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% for EMS 8 hour treatment and 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60% for 4 hour treatment. The antioxidant activity of extracts were assessed by DPPH radical scavenging method and FRAP. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method. The results showed that the 6-gingerol content increased with an increase in EMS dose initially (0.30%) and decreased at the higher dose (0.60%) in EMS 4 hrs treatments while there was no definite trend observed in EMS 8 hrs treatments. Antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content showed significant correlation with 6gingerol content.

The paper exhibits the procedure of Emirates ID for refining the university services, not only in terms of enrollments, but also in day to day activities of the university. The paper proposed the model for Implementation of Emirates ID in the University through the Authorization and Content Servers. The anticipated model is on the identical grounds of n-tier Electronic Commerce architecture, wherein, authorization to access the data of the card will be provided by the Emirates Identity Authority (EIDA) and University continuously updates the academic profile of the enrolled student to the EIDA . The comprehensive prototype is presented in the paper, which illustrates the implementation and working of the model.

Gradually, increasing environmental awareness has increased the demand for goods and services. These manufactured goods and services are made in compliance with environmental standards to protect and enhance environmental assets and natural resources as important competitive factors. Numerous standards and legal legislations have been developed to guide businesses on environmental issues. Therefore, various businesses sectors are more inclined to develop and implement environmental policies these days. Many of these policies are developed with the guidance of ISO 4001-Environmental Management Systems (EMSs). The businesses which have adopted the standards of the EMSs have to protect the environment and ensure its continuity. Thus, businesses require the reflection of environmental management activities on businesses performance evaluation in terms of price competitiveness and cost effectiveness. To this end, this research aims to study Turkish businesses which have adopted and got EMS certification and accordingly analyze the development and implementation of EMS and how its implementation in turn affects environmental performance. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, and Linear Regression Analyses were used to assess the association between EMS implementation and environmental performance. The results revealed that EMS implementation has a significant positive impact on environmental performance.

It the article is present the model of costs of environmental management system as a tool to help for cities in estimating costs connected with this system and also to undertaking decision regarding initiating ISO 14001. Thanks to this model city can qualify the real costs referring to different groups on which city have referring and with have influence on natural environment.

An experiment was conducted at Horticulture farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh to create EMS induced new variants of tomato through TILLING for point mutations. Mutation induction is considered as an effective way to enrich plant genetic variation. Seeds of two tomato lines (LINE-1 and LINE-2) were treated with different concentrations (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 1.0%) of chemical mutagen EMS. Tomato plants showed wide range of variation concerning their studied characters. Among 216 plants 27 plants were selected having variations in traits concerning crop duration, yield contributing characters and shelf life the requirement of the farmer’s yield and customer choice. Number of fruit, individual fruit weight, yield/plant and shelf life of the 27 plants ranged from 51.0-104, 41.0-80.4 g, 2.1-4.5 kg and 8.0-31.0 days respectively.

The software available to implement and carry out efficiency analysis is crucial for the diffusion of efficiency frontier techniques among applied researchers and policy makers. The implementation of up‐to‐date productivity and efficiency analysis is indeed important to advance our knowledge in many fields, ranging from the public and regulated sectors to the private ones. This contribution fills a gap in the existing literature and surveys the currently available options to estimate a variety of frontier methodologies using either general or dedicated programs. We outline directions for future research.

Con el fin de evitar la contaminación de amplias superficies a causa de una mala disposición de la basura, se consiguió aprovechar el cabello humano que se elimina en salones de belleza, como materia prima para la obtención de compost además se inocularon microorganismos para acelerar este proceso, el compost es un abono orgánico que se utiliza como fertilizante edáfico, puede contribuir al desarrollo del sector agrícola, y a la conservación del ambiente.
El proceso tecnológico inicio con la recolección de la materia prima, que fue sometida al proceso de compostaje, por un espacio de 16 semanas, se empleó un Diseño completamente al azar con 9 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, cada unidad experimental estuvo conformada con 50kg de materia orgánica a compostar, se utilizaron dos dosis de cabello humano: de 5 y 10%, dos grupos diferentes de microorganismos: microorganismos eficientes (EM) y Trichoderma spp, conjuntamente con estiércol y pasto. Se comprobó que la formulación del tratamiento T2 (2% Microorganismos Eficientes + 10% Cabello humano + 24% Estiércol de cuy. + 64% Poda de pasto) fue la más adecuada para obtener una concentración óptima de macronutrientes, elementos secundarios y micronutrientes con valores de: 0,12% de Nitrógeno, 0,028% de Fósforo, 0,60% de Potasio, 0,56% de Calcio, 0,085% de Azufre, 0,059% de Magnesio, 6,01 ppm de Boro, 4,11 ppm de Cobre, 127,13 ppm de Hierro, 56 ppm de Manganeso y 22,29 ppm de Zinc. Además alcanzó un pH ligeramente ácido de 6,27, una conductividad eléctrica de 12,91 mS/cm que se traduce en un compost con una concentración salina fuerte, el rendimiento fue del 65% y el costo de producción por kilogramo de compost mereció un valor de 0,07 USD.

We report the case of a 57-year-old woman found at home who received an ECG after having recovered from a seizure, without any clinical cardiac anomaly. The ECG revealed an elevation of the ST segment from the V1 to V5 leads and negative T waves from V1 to V5 leads. At her hospital admission, the emergency care unit (ECU) nurse performed another ECG. It no longer showed any repolarisation anomaly. However, the ECU nurse had put the precordial electrodes 3 cm too low, probably due to the patient’s voluminous breasts. In the end, the pathological trace reappeared after we returned the electrodes to their initial positions. Malpositioning of the electrodes caused a seemingly normal ECG result with life-threatening consequences.

Background: There were over 5,000,000 ambulance dispatches during 2010 in Japan, and the time for transportation has been increasing, it took over 37 minutes from dispatch to the hospitals. A way to reduce transportation time by ambulance is to shorten the time of searching for an appropriate facility/hospital during the prehospital phase. Although the information system of medical institutions and emergency medical service (EMS) was established in 2003 in Saga Prefecture, Japan, it has not been utilized efficiently. The Saga Prefectural Government renewed the previous system in an effort to make it the real-time support system that can efficiently manage emergency demand and acceptance for the first time in Japan in April 2011. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the new system promotes efficient emergency transportation for critically ill patients and provides valuable epidemiological data.

Induction of mutation by gamma rays, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and their combined treatments was studied in three widely divergent genotypes of tomato, EC620176, EC620177 and Patharkutchi. A steady reduction in germination percentage, seedling height and pollen fertility occurred in M 1 generation with the increasing doses / concentrations of mutagens. Combination of gamma radiation and EMS caused more damage followed by EMS treatment and gamma radiation alone in M 1 generation. The LD 50 dose for EC620176, EC620177 and Patharkutchi corresponded to 67.3 Gy, 290.9 Gy and 303.8 Gy gamma radiation, and 0.10%, 0.17 % and 0.38 % EMS treatment, respectively. Highest mutation frequency was resulted by gamma radiation followed by the combined mutagens and EMS treatment. Genotype and mutagen, both, influenced the production of mutants. Mutagenic efficiency of lower doses/concentrations was more compared to higher doses in producing desirable mutants. Mutagenic effectiveness of gamma radiation was the highest followed by sole EMS and combined mutagens. Gamma irradiation (50-150 Gy) was most efficient followed by 0.05-0.10 % EMS and their combination treatment in inducing wide array of macromutation in tomato. Five putative mutants with exserted stigma flower, dark green fruit, dwarf plant having pyriform fruit from Patharkutchi, multiparous cyme from EC620177 and chlorophyll deficient mutant from EC620176 that could be isolated in M 2 generation hold promise for their utilization in tomato breeding programme.

This book comes in two parts. The first is an introduction to the asymptotic theory of combinatorial structures that can be decomposed into component elements. The second is a detailed study of such structures, in the style of a research monograph. The reason for this split is that the main ideas are rather straightforward, and can be relatively simply explained. However, using these ideas and a fair amount of technical application, there are many sharp results that can be derived as consequences. We present some of these, to illustrate that the method is not only simple but also powerful. We are specifically concerned with the component frequency spectrumthat is, with the numbers and sizes of the component elements-of a 'typical' structure of given (large) size n. A classic example of a decomposable combinatorial structure is that of permutations of n elements, with cycles as the component elements; here, the component spectrum is just the cycle type. Our approach is to take 'typical' to mean 'with high probability', when a structure is chosen at random according to some given probability distribution from the set of all structures of size n; most commonly, but not necessarily, according to the uniform distribution. This enables us to introduce ideas from probability theory, such as conditioning, Stein's method and distributional approximation, as tools in our investigation. We gain our understanding of the component spectrum by comparison with simpler random objects. Sometimes these objects are discrete; indeed, our fundamental comparisons are with sequences of independent random x 0. Preface

Phytoremediation as a cost-effective and environmental friendly technique used to polluted soils with heavy metals contamination. The present study was aimed to evaluate the resistance and remediation of Tamarix aphylla calli affected by in vitro mutagenesis with. In the first step, optimization of callus induction and mutation in media with different concentrations of -2,4 was performed. The third experiments involved the evaluating of resistance and remeditaion rate of callus to cadmium at the concentrations of 0-40 mg L-1 in both treated and untreated explants with Ethyl methanesulfonate in medium. The highest survival and induction of callus was induced by the concentration of 1 mg L-1 2,4-D during the short time. Ethyl methanesulfonate at concentration of 0.2 percentage and 30 minutes made the maximum survival and minimum blacking phenomenon of explants. The highest accumulation of cadmium was obtained 1053.56 mg kg-1 dry weight in callus treated by 40 mg L-1 cadmium.

The study aimed to determine extract yield (%), antibacterial activity, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts from dried and fresh herbal plants (Phyllanthus amarus) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in white leg shrimp (L. vannamei). The result showed that the extract yields of dry and fresh herbs reached 11.50% and 2.75%, respectively and the antibacterial activity of the two extracts both are good at concentrations from 250 to 1,000 mg/mL at the same bacterial density of 106 CFU/mL. Specifically, the diameter of the inhibition zone at 250; 500; 750 and 1,000 mg/mL concentration of dried herbal extracts reached 16.75±0.96; 18.50±1.29; 20.75±0.96 and 21.25±0.50 mm, while that of fresh herbal extracts reached 14.50±1.29; 16.25±0.50; 16.75±0.50 and 17.00±0.00 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference p<0.05. The result also showed that MIC values of dried and fresh extracts were defined at 125 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL, respectively and that MBC values of the extracts were 500 and 1,000 mg/mL respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed that there were 19 natural compounds in the dried extract, in which Ethyl Linoleolate (C20H36O2) compound occupied the highest ratio (22.43%), while 2.3-Dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methy-4H-pyran-4-one (C6H8O4) was the lowest (0.24%).

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), a single DNA base varying from one individual to another, are believed to be the most frequent form responsible for genetic diferences. Genotype is the conflated information of a pair of haplotypes on homologous chromosomes. Although haplotypes have more information for disease associating than individual SNPs and genotype, it is substantially more dificult to determine haplotypes through experiments. Hence, computational methods which can reduce the cost of determining haplotypes become attractive alternatives. MEC, as a standard model for haplotype reconstruction, is fed by fragments as input to infer the best pair of haplotypes with minimum error to be corrected. It is proved that haplotype reconstruction in MEC model is a NP-Hard problem. Thus, reducing running time and obtaining acceptable result are desired by researchers. Heuristic algorithms and diferent clustering methods are employed to achieve these goals. In this paper, the idea of combining diferent methods is presented. A hybrid model, which is employed the eficiency of diferent serial and parallel models, is suggested. FCA, K-means and neural network are considered as its component. K-means clustering method is used to improve neural network eficiency. Then the results are compared in diferent datasets.

Neste Projeto Experimental de Viabilidade foi avaliada a aplicação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) simplificado em uma empresa constituída apenas pelo Micro-Empreendedor como forma de demonstrar a aplicabilidade do mesmo em empreendimentos desse porte. Contatou-se que é possível com um investimento mínimo aplicar tópicos da norma ISO 1400 que possibilitam a esse empreendimentos ficar em acordo com as características da norma e formalizar assim para a comunidade em que estão a preocupação deles com a questão ambiental.

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.), a perennial ornamental plant of the family Agavaceae (formerly Amaryllidaceae) and a native of Mexico, is commercially cultivated in different parts of India, including West Bengal. This flower is commercially important as a loose and cut flower, and for extraction of essential oils used in the perfumery industry. The experimental materials comprised three indigenous varieties of tuberose, 'Calcutta Double', 'Prajwal' and 'Shringar', which are strictly vegetatively propagated. The bulbs of all three varieties were subjected to mutagenic treatments with 0.5% and 0.25% of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for inducing mutations in qualitative and quantitative characters including anatomical feature of the scape (flower-bearing stalk) and stomatal features on the leaves. Immediate effects of the mutagen were evident with respect to some qualitative characters. Induced variations leading to anatomical changes were evident in all three varieties compared to the untreated control. Variation was also exhibited in the structural organization of stomata.