Embbeded Systems

El surgimiento de internet de las cosas (IoT, Internet of things) ha influenciado y dado forma al mundo de la tecnología drásticamente en los contextos de conectividad, interconectividad, interoperabilidad con sensores inteligentes, objetos o dispositivos generando datos en forma automática dando origen a nuevas y numerosas aplicaciones. Al mismo tiempo, la IoT ha traído notables impactos en la economía global y la experiencia humana abarcando una amplia variedad de dominios de aplicación industrial, social y de la salud, entre otros. La visión general del diseño y desarrollo en IoT se ha centrado principalmente en el aspecto tecnológico y de infraestructura, y en la gestión y análisis de la gran cantidad de datos generados, mientras que el desarrollo de interfaces de usuario, si bien ha comenzado a tener un papel más relevante en los temas de investigación del área, no ha sido un área de importancia, aunque una gran variedad de estudios plantean que desempeña un papel clave en la aceptación de las soluciones de IoT por parte de los adoptantes finales.
El presente proyecto se plantea aportar a las metodologías de desarrollo de aplicaciones de IoT mediante el estudio y aplicación de principios de diseño al desarrollo de interfaces de usuario con este tipo de sistemas. Este aporte se propone desde el análisis del prototipado rápido de interfaces de usuario innovadoras para aplicaciones de IoT dentro de un marco de trabajo en equipo, considerando las diversas estrategias de interacción humano-máquina.

The aim of this paper is to design and develop a finger print based car ignition system with a view of reducing car theft and to ward off unauthorized users. Recently, car hijack has been on the increase as armed robbers focus on stealing cars especially the brand new ones. Hence the need to protect the cars from hijackers is considered to be essential. In this paper, nobody can ignite the vehicle except authorized by the designed system already captures its fingerprints pattern features through enrolment into the system. This is achieved with the use of fingerprint module, PIC18F4620 microcontroller and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module. More so, after testing of the overall designed project, the results obtained were satisfactory. Hence, the approach adopted in this study can be applied to various systems and fields such as banks, attendance system management in school, hotels, homes and so on.

In today's world, a paper based approach is followed for marking attendance, where the students sign on the attendance sheets. This data is then manually entered into the system. Managing the attendance of the students during lectures is a difficult task and it becomes more difficult during the report generation phase. This is because the process of marking attendance and maintaining the data is not fully automated and manual computation produces errors and also wastes a lot of time. For this reason, the development of Attendance Monitoring System (AMS) using android platform is proposed.

Over the years, several security measures have been employed to combat the menace of insecurity of lives and property. This is done by preventing unauthorized entrance into buildings through entrance doors using conventional and electronic locks, discrete access code, and biometric methods such as the finger prints, thumb prints, the iris and facial recognition. In this paper, a prototyped door security system is designed to allow a privileged user to access a secure keyless door where valid smart card authentication guarantees an entry. The model consists of hardware module and software which provides a functionality to allow the door to be controlled through the authentication of smart card by the microcontroller unit.

Ransomware is a type of advanced malware that can encrypt a user’s files or lock a computer system until a ransom has been paid. Ransomworm is a type of malware that combines the payload of ran- somware with the propagation feature of a computer worm. Most host-based detection methods require the host to be infected and the payload to be executed first to be able to identify anomalies and detect the malware. By the time of infection, it might too late as some of the system’s assets would have been already encrypted or exfiltrated by the malware. On the contrary, the network-based methods can be one of the crucial means in detecting ransomworm activities when it attempts to spread to infect other networks before executing the payload. Therefore, a thorough analysis of ransomworm network traffic can be one of the essential means for early detection. This paper presents a comprehensive behavioral analysis of ransomworm network traffic, taking WannaCry, which launched a worldwide cyberattack, and NotPetya as a case study. Two sets of related features were extracted based on two independent flow levels: session-based and time-based. On top of each set, an independent classifier was built. Moreover, to improve the reliability, a multi-feature and multi-classifier network-based system, MFMCNS, has been proposed. MFMCNS employs these classifiers working in parallel on different flow levels, then it adopts a fusion rule to combine the classifiers’ decisions. The experimental results prove that MFMCNS is reliable and has high detection accuracy.

Blindness has been regarded as one of the worst and incurable types of disabilities among humans across the globe as it hinders mobility of the impaired victims. This calls for the need to adopt new technologies to ease mobility problems among visually impaired victims. It was estimated in the year 2009 that there exists 160 million blind and partially visually impaired people worldwide. This paper focuses on an embedded system adaptive technology to reduce navigation challenges being encountered among visually impaired people using sensorial and communication IT functionalities with an affordable cost as an efficient navigation tool. In this research, an ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller, buzzer, electrolytic capacitor, oscillator, and other hardware components were used to detect obstacles thereby sending vibration notification warning sound to the blind and keep them from hitting or getting to the point of obstructions / accident lying ahead. (

Intelligent mirrors, which continue the works today and will take its place in the future technology, provide both mirror and computer aided information services to its users. Thanks to the micro-controller cards onboard, these systems, which can connect to the internet and take data from the internet, can show this information on the places located on the mirror. In the scope of the study, the developed intelligent mirror system includes the weather information, time and location information, current event information, user information, and camera image taken from web services using Raspberry Pi 3 micro-controller card. Some equipment can be controlled by voice commands via the microphone on the smart mirror. Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept where an object having the ability to transfer data over a network without the need for human interaction to computer. IoT is known for its advantage that can help simplify people's everyday routine. It shows the information such as time and date, weather, news updates and navigation in it which continue the works today and will take its place in the future technology, provide both mirror and computer aided information services to its users. In the scope of the study, the developed intelligent mirror system includes the weather information, time and location information, weather condition, news feed, and road map for navigation by using Raspberry Pi 3 microcontroller card.

Security plays an important role in many elite organizations such as schools, colleges and institutes, military organization etc. because of the development in various implementation security systems it has been essential part to cope up with emerging new technologies related to security. Biometrics played an important role in providing with the following security issues. Since the human body has unique and abstract features, physical traits which differs from individual to individual it led to the development of biometrics in ensuring security in various field with the help of various embedded systems and computers. Various identification schemas are included in biometrics such as face recognition, iris recognition, fingerprint or thumb recognition. Accuracy, efficiency and reliability are the vital parameter that is resolved with the help of biometric applications with the use advanced embedded system. This project aims to reduce the hectic manual work by implementing an automated attendance management system in which we transfer the data to the server with the help of internet. This project provides the design method with the use of Raspberry Pi. The biometric technique that is used in this project is the finger print recognition with the help of R305 fingerprint module that is used for authentication. When the respected teacher authenticates the system with his fingerprint and password the following subject, time, date slots are selected and then the fingerprint scanner is passed on to the students for their authentication after which their attendance is marked.

Blindness has been regarded as one of the worst and incurable types of disabilities among humans across the globe as it hinders mobility of the impaired victims. This calls for the need to adopt new technologies to ease mobility problems among visually impaired victims. It was estimated in the year 2009 that there exists 160 million blind and partially visually impaired people worldwide. This paper focuses on an embedded system adaptive technology to reduce navigation challenges being encountered among visually impaired people using sensorial and communication IT functionalities with an affordable cost as an efficient navigation tool. In this research, an ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller, buzzer, electrolytic capacitor, oscillator, and other hardware components were used to detect obstacles thereby sending vibration notification warning sound to the blind and keep them from hitting or getting to the point of obstructions / accident lying ahead. (

Blindness has been regarded as one of the worst and incurable types of disabilities among humans across the globe as it hinders mobility of the impaired victims. This calls for the need to adopt new technologies to ease mobility problems among visually impaired victims. It was estimated in the year 2009 that there exists 160 million blind and partially visually impaired people worldwide. This paper focuses on an embedded system adaptive technology to reduce navigation challenges being encountered among visually impaired people using sensorial and communication IT functionalities with an affordable cost as an efficient navigation tool. In this research, an ultrasonic sensor, microcontroller, buzzer, electrolytic capacitor, oscillator, and other hardware components were used to detect obstacles thereby sending vibration notification warning sound to the blind and keep them from hitting or getting to the point of obstructions / accident lying ahead. (

This research paper deals with reconfigurable discrete-event control systems which are distributed on networked devices to execute control software tasks with shared resources. A reconfiguration scenario is also assumed to be any addition, removal or update of tasks and shared resources. Nevertheless, the addition of resources at run-time can bring the system to a blocking problem that is sometimes unsafe. We propose to enrich the formalism Reconfigurable Timed Net Condition/Event Systems (R-TNCES) with the well-known protocol Priority Ceiling Protocol (PCP) in order to model and verify safety reconfiguration scenarios. The paper is applied to a study case illustrating our contribution.

Osmotic computing in association with related computing paradigms (cloud, fog, and edge) emerges as a promising solution for handling bulk of security-critical as well as latency-sensitive data generated by the digital devices. It is a growing research domain that studies deployment, migration, and optimization of applications in the form of microservices across cloud/edge infrastructure. It presents dynamically tailored microservices in technology-centric environments by exploiting edge and cloud platforms. Osmotic computing promotes digital transformation and furnishes benefits to transportation, smart cities, education, and healthcare. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of osmotic computing through a systematic literature review approach. To ensure high-quality review, we conduct an advanced search on numerous digital libraries to extracting related studies. The advanced search strategy identifies 99 studies, from which 29 relevant studies are selected for a tho...

The article presents a hardware implementation of an APRS (Automatic Packet Reporting System) based tracker for determining the location of an object in real time. It was developed and tested in the educational process at the Faculty of Physics and Engineering Technologies of University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski". Students acquire lasting knowledge and develop skills for working with APRS trackers connected between GPS and radio stations that transmit data in the global APRS network. Combining modern microcontrollers with appropriate software and APRS technology, a device with many current applications is obtained.

Secure buildings are currently protected from unauthorized access by a variety of devices. Even though there are many kinds of devices to guarantee the system safety such as PIN pads, keys both conventional and electronic, identity cards, cryptographic and dual control procedures, the people voice can also be used. The ability to verify the identity of a speaker by analyzing speech, or speaker verification, is an attractive and relatively unobtrusive means of providing security for admission into an important or secured place. An individual's voice cannot be stolen, lost, forgotten, guessed, or impersonated with accuracy. Due to these advantages, this paper describes design and prototyping a voice-based door access control system for building security. In the proposed system, the access may be authorized simply by means of an enrolled user speaking into a microphone attached to the system. The proposed system then will decide whether to accept or reject the user's identity claim or possibly to report insufficient confidence and request additional input before making the decision. Furthermore, intelligent system approach is used to develop authorized person models based on theirs voice. Particularly Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems is used in the proposed system to identify the authorized and unauthorized people. Experimental result confirms the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent voice-based door access control system based on the false acceptance rate and false rejection rate.

Security is generally a state or feeling of being saved and protected, an assurance that something of value will not be taken. This paper employs two of the emerging artificial intelligence technologies: Facial Recognition and Artificial Neural Networks for developing a secure keyless door where authentication of authorized faces are the only guarantee for entry. This mechanically built door, with a camera, has an interface with the PC for capturing and processing images.

Security is generally a state or feeling of being saved and protected, an assurance that something of value will not be taken. This paper employs two of the emerging artificial intelligence technologies: Facial Recognition and Artificial Neural Networks for developing a secure keyless door where authentication of authorized faces are the only guarantee for entry. This mechanically built door, with a camera, has an interface with the PC for capturing and processing images.

There are people who are always trying their best to make their life smart as possible. So we thought that we could contribute something to their part. So, got a plan to make a normal day to a smart day with bringing up the idea of "Smart Mirror for Smart People". Most of them try their best to look smart as much as possible by looking at the mirror whenever they are going out. People think that people are treated based on their way of looking. So we are giving our best to make their life as smart, as already they look smart by seeing themselves in the mirror but we help them to get smarter with the knowledge of handling things better and making their life as smart as possible. This system is made by using the raspberry pi, and the system is made by placing the two way mirror in front of monitor and placing those two in the wooden box which is open at the monitor end. The Screen has the capability of displaying date, time, reminders, Present and future approximate weather Conditions at a place, and also news updates and system is enabled with Google Assistant, which helps even the common man to operate the things better.

Merupakan Rancangan penelitian bersama dosen teknik elektro universitas muhmmadiyah surakarta yang bernama Fajar Suryawan, S.T., M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D. untuk  Sistem kontrol  Motor DC  MY 1025 dengan menggunkan kontroler Atmega 328P sebagai sistem kontrol motor DC tpye MY1025 dengan driver motor seri BTS 7906 yang memiliki kemampuan tengggan input maksimal 27 volt DC dan 43 A. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan sensor optocoupler ITR 9606 sebagai sensor untuk
mendeteksi kecepatan atau rpm dari motor DC. Kontrol motor DC, data kecepatan atau rpm, dan data loger dapat di monitoring melalui smartphone dengan cara pengiriman data melalui bluetooth HC-05.

To implement machine learning algorithms and other
useful algorithms in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), new
computing approaches are needed to prevent costs associated
with having to install state of the art edge analytic devices. A
suitable approach may include collaborative edge computing
using available, resource-constrained IoT edge analytic
hardware. In this paper, collaborative computing method is used
to construct a popular and very useful waveform for IoT
analytics, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). GMM
parameters are learned in the cloud, but the GMMs are
constructed at the IIoT edge layer. GMMs are constructed using
C28x, a ubiquitous, low-cost, embedded digital signal processor
(DSP) that is widely available in many pre-existing IIoT
infrastructures and in many edge analytic devices. Several
GMMs including 2-GMM and 3-GMMs are constructed using the
C28x DSP and Embedded C to show that GMM designs could be
achieved in form of an osmotic microservice from the IIoT edge
to the IIoT fog layer. Designed GMMs are evaluated using their
differential and zero-crossings and are found to satisfy important
waveform design criteria. At the fog layer, constructed GMMs
are then applied for novelty detection, an IIoT cybersecurity and
fault-monitoring application and are found to be able to detect
anomalies in IIoT machine data using Hampel identifier, 3-Sigma
rule, and the Boxplot rule. The osmotic collaborative computing
method advocated in this paper will be crucial in ensuring the
possibility of shifting many complex applications such as novelty
detection and other machine learning based cybersecurity
applications to edges of large scale IoT networks using low-cost
widely available DSPs.

This paper presents the development and the designing of an intuitive multimedia & futuristic Smart Mirror with artificial intelligence for the average dwelling environment as well as for commercial purposes .This project collects real world machine data is transmitted to be managed by the Raspberry Pi. The Mirror implemented as a fully customizable & personalized digital device equipped with peripherals such as Raspberry PI 3, LED Monitor covered with a reflective sheet of one way mirror provides one of the most basic information such as weather information, latest news and headlines with local time & the location. Using Artificial Intelligence techniques the Smart Mirror therefore becomes a more personal affair which can almost guess the user's question and responds them proactively.

1 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 D Low Supply-Voltage Range, 1.8 V to 3.6 V D Ultra-Low Power Consumption: − Active Mode: 280 μA at 1 MHz, 2.2 V − Standby Mode: 1.1 μA − Off Mode (RAM Retention): 0.2 μA D Five Power-Saving Modes D Wake-Up From Standby Mode in Less Than 6 μs D 16-Bit RISC Architecture, 62.5-ns Instruction Cycle Time D Three or Four 16-Bit Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converters With Differential PGA Inputs D 16-Bit Timer_B With Three Capture/Compare-With-Shadow Registers D 16-Bit Timer_A With Three Capture

The design and development of a simple but efficient digitally controlled regulated power supply of a variable voltage ranging from 0v to 15v with a maximum output current of 5A is presented in this paper. The approach employed here is generally an embedded system, designed around an intelligent microcontroller which is provided with a digitized reference voltage to control the input and the output liquid crystal display for the provision of greater precision, stability and accurate results for electronic engineering laboratory experiments.

This paper presents the design of a Carbon Monoxide (CO) gas leakage detector in vehicles. The number of sudden death incidents due to excessive CO inhalation has recently increased. Many cases are due to driver habits and awareness, for instance, air conditioning switches remain on while they are sleeping in the car. This habit is not a good practice because if there were gas leakage into the cabin, especially CO, the situation could result in sudden death. Basically the driver feels sleepy when excessive CO concentrations occur in the cabin. Based on that, a vehicle gas leakage detector system has been developed using a gas sensor and logic detector circuit. Subsequently, the signal from the sensor is fed to an 8-bit PIC16F84 microcontroller onboard system via appropriate interfacing devices, which will run on pre-programmed instructions.

The work presented here outlines the development of a microprocessor based automatic gate. The inconveniences encountered in gate operations has called for an immense search for solutions. The microprocessor based automatic gate offers everything necessary to put an end to these inconveniences as it incorporates an intelligent device (microprocessor). Specifically, the system described in this paper monitors two gates, the entrance and exit. The automatic gate senses any vehicle approaching it. It automatically opens, waits for a specified time, and closes after the time has elapsed. As soon as the gate closes, the system counts, registers, and displays the number of vehicles.

This paper presents the implementation of the Self-Leakage Test, a new approach for unconnected I/O leakage testing. It provides a path for leakage current through the on-chip leakers and uses the voltage drop at the pad to detect a pass/fail condition. A detailed methodology for defining the self-leakage test specifications has been developed. Preliminary silicon data shows that selfleakage test methodology provide a viable method for high-volume monitoring of I/O leakage at minimal on-die DFT (Design-For-Test) overhead.

This paper
deals with the study of Real
-
Time Tasks for Embedded Control Systems
following
component
-
based technology. A real
-
time task
is assumed to be a set of components having some properties independently from any real
-
time operating system.  We apply the Priority Ceiling Protocol
(PCP)  as  a method  to  ensure  the  scheduling  between  periodic
tasks  with  precedence  and  mutual  exclusion  constraints.  We  simulate the  scheduling  of
Real
-
time tasks with PCP through the Cheddar tool.

IJHMI - ASDFJournals.com

1 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 D Low Supply Voltage Range 1.8 V to 3.6 V D Ultralow Power Consumption --Active Mode: 220 µA at 1 MHz, 2.2 V --Standby Mode: 0.5 µA --Off Mode (RAM Retention): 0.1 µA D Five Power-Saving Modes D Ultrafast Wake-Up From Standby Mode in Less Than 1 µs D 16-Bit RISC Architecture, 62.5 ns Instruction Cycle Time D Basic Clock Module Configurations: --Internal Frequencies up to 16 MHz With Four Calibrated Frequencies to ±1% --Internal Very Low Power LF Oscillator --32-kHz Crystal --External Digital Clock Source

This application report describes the implementation of a single-phase electronic electricity meter using the Texas Instruments MSP430F673x metering processor. It also includes the necessary information with regard to metrology software and hardware procedures for this single-chip implementation.

To have an idea is good but to have the idea replicated with a good model is better. This explains the decision to have sensitive places protected, using an intelligent gate controller system, from unwanted individuals or group of individuals that usually take advantages of loose security systems at the point of entry. The microcontroller used for this model is PIC16F84A programmed using "miKroBasic pro for pic". This microcontroller serves as the main controller linking the software components with the hardware components.

Over the years, several security measures have been employed to combat the menace of insecurity of lives and property. This is done by preventing unauthorized entrance into buildings through entrance doors using conventional and electronic locks, discrete access code, and biometric methods such as the finger prints, thumb prints, the iris and facial recognition. In this paper, a prototyped door security system is designed to allow a privileged user to access a secure keyless door where valid smart card authentication guarantees an entry. The model consists of hardware module and software which provides a functionality to allow the door to be controlled through the authentication of smart card by the microcontroller unit.

Over the years, several security measures have been employed to combat the menace of insecurity of lives and property. This is done by preventing unauthorized entrance into buildings through entrance doors using conventional and electronic locks, discrete access code, and biometric methods such as the finger prints, thumb prints, the iris and facial recognition. In this paper, a prototyped door security system is designed to allow a privileged user to access a secure keyless door where valid smart card authentication guarantees an entry. The model consists of hardware module and software which provides a functionality to allow the door to be controlled through the authentication of smart card by the microcontroller unit.