Dc Servo Motors

Technological innovations in soft computing techniques have brought automation capabilities to new levels of applications. Process control is an important application of any industry for controlling the complex system parameters, which can greatly benefit from such advancements. Conventional control theory is based on mathematical models that describe the dynamic behaviour of process control systems. Due to lack in comprehensibility, conventional controllers are often inferior to the intelligent controllers. Soft computing techniques provide an ability to make decisions and learning from the reliable data or expert’s experience. Moreover, soft computing techniques can cope up with a variety of environmental and stability related uncertainties. This paper explores the different areas of soft computing techniques viz. Fuzzy logic,
genetic algorithms and hybridization of two and abridged the results of different process control case studies. It is inferred from the results that the soft computing controllers provide better control on errors than conventional controllers. Further, hybrid fuzzy genetic algorithm controllers have successfully
optimized the errors than standalone soft computing and conventional techniques.

Robotic arm is defined as study, design , fabrication and use of robotic arm for manufacturing and other such work. With rise in manufacturing activities a robotic arm is developed to help various industry in performing work without use of manpower. Robotic arm are used to perform unsafe, hazardous, repetitive and unpleasant work. Robotic arm can perform material handling, assembly, arc welding, machine load and unload function, drilling, painting and thermal spraying.. etc. It is very useful as it posses high precisons, intelligence and very high energy as compared to any human being.

At the beginning of taking a shower, the user needs to manually adjust a rotational handle or the ratio of cold and hot water to get the desired water temperature and the flow rate. In this paper, a temperature and flow rate sensor feedback smart shower is proposed which takes the target water temperature and flow rate from the user as input, and then automatically adjusts the ratio of the cold and the hot water during the shower to keep the temperature and flow rate fixed-even though there is fluctuation of supply water temperature and pressure. The proposed system contains distance sensor and automatically turns off the shower when the user is away for soaping or shampooing. The system generates a report on water usage and shower time – to promote awareness on saving water. An embedded system based prototype of the proposed shower has been developed and tested.

The present manuscript deals with designing a haptic robotic arm, which can be used to pick and place the objects. In this paper, a robotic arm with four degrees of freedom is designed and is able to pick the objects with a specific weight and place them in a desired location. To facilitate the lifting of the objects, Servomotors with a torque of 11 kg are used. The programming is done on ATMEGA-328 Microcontroller using Arduino programming. The Microcontroller along with input pins is soldered on a PCB board. The input is given using a remote, which is an arm, made of Polycarbonate fitted with Potentiometers with a certain angle of rotation. The Potentiometers detect the angle of the rotation and the signals are sent to the Microcontroller accordingly. In the world of robotics, this Robotic arm has been turned out to be trendy. This kind of the arms have many applications in the field of industrial robotics where the automation is required.

Technological innovations in soft computing techniques have brought automation capabilities to new levels of applications. Process control is an important application of any industry for controlling the complex system parameters, which can greatly benefit from such advancements. Conventional control theory is based on mathematical models that describe the dynamic behaviour of process control systems. Due to lack in comprehensibility, conventional controllers are often inferior to the intelligent controllers. Soft computing techniques provide an ability to make decisions and learning from the reliable data or expert's experience. Moreover, soft computing techniques can cope up with a variety of environmental and stability related uncertainties. This paper explores the different areas of soft computing techniques viz. Fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and hybridization of two and abridged the results of different process control case studies. It is inferred from the results that the soft computing controllers provide better control on errors than conventional controllers. Further, hybrid fuzzy genetic algorithm controllers have successfully optimized the errors than standalone soft computing and conventional techniques.

Robots play important roles in day to day activities of human endeavour and can perform complex tasks speedily and accurately. Robots are employed to imitate human behaviours and then apply these behaviours to the skills that lead to achieving a certain task in solving the challenges faced by impaired people in society. This robotic arm was achieved using lightweight steel iron for the frames, a moderate torque MG995 Towerpro, and servo motor. Two Atmega328 Arduino microcontroller was employed to control the motors through the use of pulse width modulation technique. Mathematical models were developed for the mechanism to represent the kinematics involved at each joint with mathematical variables. Then, the stability of the system was carried out using a step input signal being a type zero system. Indexed Terms-Robot, armature dc servo motors, Arduino microcontroller, stability.

In this study robotic hands and fingers' materials are investigated from past to present and a sponge robotic hand is designed for biomedical applications. Emergence and necessity of soft robotic technology are explained and description of soft robot is made. Because of the importance of hand in a person's body, researchers have dealt with robotic hand prostheses for many centuries and developed many hand types. To mimic the best for the human limbs, softness of the hand is one of the important features. Recent studies are summarized in a table. In the table you can see materials that are used in robotic hand and fingers; they are classified as soft and rigid with their years. In literature sponge was found as the most suitable material for the fingers, but there is no study about a sponge hand. This study aims to fill this gap in literature. In this paper manufacturing of a Sponge Robotic Hand's production parameters and stages are explained clearly. Finally advantages of sponge robotic hand and future studies about sponge robotic hand are mentioned.

Direct Current (DC) motors are widely used because they come in many shapes and sizes, so their application is quite easy and flexible, and they have high reliability and low cost. Speed and position control are required in industrial applications, robot manipulators and home appliances. Because of the accurate and efficient tuning of parameters for PID controllers, they have become very important for the process industries. They have a simple structure, good stability, and high reliability. Electric motors are used in many homes, industrial, military, and other systems. Electric motors have properties that depend on the type of motor selected for the appropriate application. The performance of the motor depends on the system of which it is part. The appropriate design must be chosen for each part to obtain the best performance and the highest efficiency. Elevators, jacks, cars, trains, printers, home appliances, industrial, civil, and military systems, as well as robots, all use electric motors. It can be used in different applications, such as underwater welding, and in other places that are dangerous to humans, such as the operation of mine-removal, explosive dismantling, and others. The aim of this research is to review papers related to various servo motors and also the comparison between the different motors has been discussed in detail.

Continuous growth in industrialization and lack of awareness in safety parameters the cases of amputations are growing. The search of safer, simpler and automated prosthetic arms for managing upper limbs is expected. Continuous efforts have been made to design and develop prosthetic arms ranging from simple harness actuated to automated mechanisms with various control options. A prosthetic implant is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through Traumatic injuries, disease, or a condition present at birth (congenital disorder). Prostheses are intended to restore the normal functions of the missing body part. If a body part is missing, an artificial device (prosthesis) is often recommended to replace that part. At a minimum, a prosthetic hand should enable the user to perform daily activities (such as walking, eating, and dressing) independently and comfortably. The search of safer, simpler and automated prosthetic hand for managing upper limbs is expected. Hence our aim is to design automated prosthetic hand to help disabled people in their day to day life. Keywords: Prosthetic hand, flex sensor, servo motors, mechano links, Arduino uno I. INTRODUCTION The human hand is a complex part of our body. This part enables us to interact with our environment and also use to communicate with one another. Also thumb of our hand helps us to perform various activities that differentiate us from other creatures on earth. To perform complex hand movements we need to know information about our environment including fine touch, vibration, pain, temperature. Our hand is connected to our central nervous system hence we can easily identify and sense our environment. Therefore our hand allows us to perform complex activities like writing and opening doors. Loss of hand decreases our strength to do different activities and functions. Hence our aim is to make prosthetic robotic hand to help amputee person.