Data Communications

8th International Conference on Computer Networks & Data Communications (CNDC 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory and applications of Computer Networks and Data Communications. The Conference looks for significant contributions to the Computer Networks and Communications for wired and wireless networks in theoretical and practical aspects. Original papers are invited on Networks, wireless and Mobile, Protocols and wireless networks and security. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

Được sử dụng ở tất cả các cấp của hệ thống E-carrier của châu Âu, mã lưỡng cực mật độ cao 3 (HDB3) thay thế cho bất kỳ một sự xuât hiệ n của 4 bit 0 liên tiếp với một trong các mẫu "000V" hoặc "B00V". Sự lựa chọn được thực hiện để đảm bảo rằng các vi phạm liên tiếp có sự phân cực khác nhau; Tức là, chuńg được phân caćh bằng một số lẻ của dấu + hoặc -.

Cyber security plays a vital role in the discipline of information security. Preventing the information has become one of the major challenges in the current scenario. Cybercrime is one of the significant factors in cyber security, it increased day by day. Numerous governments and private sectors are taking many measures in order to secure these cybercrimes. Handling cyber security is still a very huge concern. This research paper mainly focuses on challenges faced by cyber security on the latest technologies .It also focuses on latest about the cyber security techniques, ethics and the trends changing the face of cyber security.

Digital communication has changed human life since the invention of the internet. The growth of E-mail, social websites and other interpersonal communication systems in turn have brought rapid development in especially the key technological area of data analytics. Using advanced forms of analytics helps the examination of data and better informs investigative sense-making and decision-making of all kinds. The legal process called Electronic discovery (E-discovery) is used for investigating various events in the digital communication world, for the purpose of producing/obtaining evidence (such as evidence in the form of emails used in the Enron fraud case). Investigating digital communications collected over a period of time, manually, is a strenuous process, time consuming, expensive and not very effective. More recently, within E-discovery there has been development of analytics known in the legal community as “Technology assisted review” (TAR). TAR is a technologydriven assistant ...

— Machine learning is a method used to devise complex models and algorithms in commercial use. Deep learning (also known as deep structured learning or hierarchical learning) is part of a broader family of learning methods based on learning data representations, as opposed to task-specific algorithms. Deep Learning can be supervised, partially supervised or unsupervised. An effective machine learning is difficult because finding patterns is hard and often not enough training data is available. If we use the Deep learning method then it will not as difficult as we think even it's much easier than other learning system. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, and machine learning is a subset of AI, which is an umbrella term for any computer program that does something smart

The history of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning dates back to 1950’s. In recent years, there has been an increase in popularity for applications that implement AI and ML technology. As with traditional
development, software testing is a critical component of an efficient AI/ML application. However, the approach to development methodology used in AI/ML varies significantly from traditional development.
Owing to these variations, numerous software testing challenges occur. This paper aims to recognize and to explain some of the biggest challenges that software testers face in dealing with AI/ML applications. For future research, this study has key implications. Each of the challenges outlined in this paper is ideal for further investigation and has great potential to shed light on the way to more productive software testing strategies and methodologies that can be applied to AI/ML applications.

As the rapid development of automotive telematics, modern vehicles are expected to be connected through heterogeneous radio access technologies and are able to exchange massive information with their surrounding environment. By significantly expanding the network scale and conducting both real-time and long-term information processing, the traditional Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs) are evolving to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which promises efficient and intelligent prospect for the future transportation system. On the other hand, vehicles are not only consuming but also generating a huge amount and enormous types of data, which is referred to as Big Data. In this article, we first investigate the relationship between IoV and big data in vehicular environment, mainly on how IoV supports the transmission, storage, computing of the big data, and how IoV benefits from big data in terms of IoV characterization, performance evaluation and big data assisted communication protocol design. We then investigate the application of IoV big data in autonomous vehicles. Finally, the emerging issues of the big data enabled IoV are discussed.

In recent time, the demand for Darlington pair amplifier for high data rate communication system has been appreciated and highlighted. The application of Darlington pair amplifier is supported in a condition, where requirement of high gain at a low frequency is applicable. Recently, Darlington pair amplifier has been testified with high gain bandwidth product for current applications. If we need more current gain and more stability in any applications, Darlington pair amplifier has been suggested to be the best options. The Darlington pair amplifier has been indicated to possess many important properties such as high speed combined with less power consumption and use of less circuitry. In this review paper, authors summarize the techniques used to improve the gain and bandwidth of the Darlington pair amplifier Cite this Article: Rashmi Singh and Rajesh Mehra, Techniques to Improve Darlington Pair Amplifier Applications for High Data Rate Communication System.

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KOMUNIKASI DATA 1 REZA MALIKI AKBAR 214 341 097 i LAPORAN KOMUNIKASI DATA Hal.i KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Praktikum Komunikasi Data 1. Laporan ini merupakan realisasi dari hasil kegiatan perkuliahan berupa praktikum di Laboratorium Komputer yang penulis lakukan untuk melaksanakan kewajiban sebagai Mahasiswa kepada dosen mata kuliah Komunikasi Data. Dalam penulisan laporan ini penulis banyak mendapatkan pengalaman dan ilmu. Berkat panduan, bimbingan, juga dorongan baik secara langsung dari berbagai pihak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dari berbagai pihak yang membantu pengerjaan serta penyelasaian laporan ini. Maka melalui kesempatan yang sangat berharga ini saya menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam pelaksanaan praktikum dan proses penyelesaian laporan ini, terutama kepada: 1. Dr. Ing. Yuliadi Erdani, M.Sc. selaku dosen mata kuliah Komunikasi Data 2. Teh Hanifah Az-Zahra selaku supervisor di Lab Komputer 3. Rekan-rekan kelas 2AEA Mohon maaf apabila dalam laporan ini masih terdapat banyak kekurangan. Penulis masih banyak memiliki kekurangan dan kesalahan dalam penulisan ataupun penyusunan laporan. Untuk itu, penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik untuk lebih menyempurnakan laporan ini dan menjadi bahan pertimbangan penulisan dan penyusunan laporan yang selanjutnya. September 2014 Penulis ii LAPORAN KOMUNIKASI DATA Hal.ii PENDAHULUAN Setelah mempelajari materi kuliah mengenai komunikasi data, mahasiswa dituntut untuk dapat membuktikan kebenaran dari beberapa materi yang dipelajari dan melakukan analisa lebih lanjut mengenai materi tersebut. Hal itu dapat dilaksanakan dengan melakukan kegiatan praktikum di dalam laboratorium. Sehingga diharapkan mahasiswa bisa memahami materi tersebut secara mendalam dari beberapa praktikum yang telah dilaksanakan. Secara khusus, praktikum ini membahas mengenai komunikasi dan transmisi data serial dan parallel. Dalam praktikum ini, komunikasi dan transmisi data dilakukan menggunakan port DB9 dan DB25 serta kabel UTP sebagai penghubung antar komputer maupun antara komputer dengan modul motor stepper. Dalam praktikum ini, untuk melakukan transmisi tersebut digunakanlah aplikasi berbasis Visual Basic 6 pada komputer. Alasan menggunakan Visual Basic 6 dalam praktikum ini adalah dikarenakan Visual Basic 6 dapat digunakan dengan baik dalam transmisi data serial dan parallel. Selain itu, Visual Basic 6 cukup mudah dipahami bagi para mahasiswa khususnya para developer yang mengembangkan aplikasi interfacing seperti menggerakan motor, dan lain sebagainya. iii LAPORAN KOMUNIKASI DATA Hal.iii TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Setelah melaksanakan praktikum ini diharapkan mahasiswa dapat :

Free Space Optics is a wireless means of transmitting data using optics, optical communication in line of sight is used, this paper uses laser technology to transmit data  from one point to another, high data rates (Gbps) are guaranteed using pulse width modulation.

Makalah ini disusun guna memenuhi tugas mata kuliah ICT dan Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Dosen pengampu : Sigit Purnama, M.Pd Disusun Oleh : Abdau Qur"ani Habib (12490128) Rahmad Nursyahidin (13490003) M. Latif Basafi (13490008) Arif Musafa (13490032) JURUSAN MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2014 PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Seiring dengan perubahan dan perkembangan zaman pasti diikuti dengan semakin berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Apalagi bila dilihat dari sistem komunikasi yang berkembang pesat saat ini dalam menyampaikan berbagai macam informasi maupun data tidak membutuhkan waktu yang lama lagi dan tidak perlu bertemu secara langsung namun sekarang cukup di mana saja kita berada dan kapanpun waktunya kita dapat leluasa berkomunikasi secara lebih efektif dan efisien. Inovasi-inovasi baru di bidang teknologi informasi dan komunikasi akan semakin banyak berkembang yang nantinya menghasilkan berbagai produk teknologi yang semakin menunjang dan membuat kehidupan akan semakin mudah. B. Rumusan Masalah 1. Apakah definisi dari komunikasi data? 2. Apakah macam-macam topologi jaringan? 3. Apakah alat-alat yang termasuk dalam perangkat jaringan? 4. Bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan keamanan jaringan? 5. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan transaksi elektronik? C. Tujuan Penulisan 1. Menjelaskan definisi tentang komunikasi jaringan. 2. Menjelaskan macam-macam topologi jaringan. 3. Menyebutkan dan menjelaskan alat-alat yang termasuk dalam perangkat jaringan. 4. Menjelaskan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan keamanan jaringan. 5. Menjelaskan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan transaksi elektronik. 3 BAB II PEMBAHASAN A. Pengertian Komunikasi Data

This paper describes the design of FPGA based signal processing card. An on board real time digital signal processing system is designed using FPGA. The platform can decode process of various kinds of digital and analog signals simultaneously. The design trend in this card is towards small size, high integration and fast real time processing. For the optimum performance a 16 bit 1 MSPS ADC is used which is interfaced with FPGA to make all the data processing onboard in real time. This card can be used in many signal processing based applications like audio signal processing, audio compression, digital image processing, video compression, speech processing, speech recognition, digital communications by interfacing several separate board using inbuilt I/O's, each with a number of input channels that will communicate with each other in real time over a high speed communication link. The resulting images can be displayed directly on LCD or OLED panel displays using I/O's peripherals. The project introduces many challenging issues, which are being addressed in turn with different prototype designs. These issues are the ADC performance, interfacing the ADCs to the FPGA, implementing the flexible processing algorithms and high speed interconnection between the boards.

In this paper I have described the memory management and allocation techniques in computer systems. The purpose of writing this survey paper is to elaborate the concept of memory allocation and management in computer systems because of the significance of memory component in computer system's hardware. It is apparent from the work of computer scientists that effective and efficient main memory management and virtual memory management in computer systems improves the computer system's performance by increasing throughput and processor utilization and by decreasing the response time and turnaround time. Firstly I have compared Uniprogramming system with Multiprogramming system. After comparison I found that Multiprogramming systems are quite better than Uniprogramming systems from the point of view of memory utilization. Also the functionality of operating system routines which are responsible for user's memory partitioning must be improved to get better system performance in Multiprogramming system .In Uniprogramming system , the processor remains idle most of the time but dividing the memory into partitions for holding multiple processes as in Multiprogramming system does not solve the problem of idleness of a processor. Mostly all of the processes need I/O access, therefore processor also remain idle in Multiprogramming system. We have also discussed resource memory in detail and compared fixed partitioning with variable partitioning. After in depth study we found that variable partitioning is more advantageous than fixed partitioning because reallocation of page frames is impossible in fixed partitioning for a set of active processes at time instant't'. In this paper we have also discussed MIPS R2/3000 machine virtual to real address mapping in detail so that virtual to real address mapping can be understood through a machine's architecture and example.

Forest fire is one of those natural disasters that have been causing huge destruction in terms of loss of vegetation, animals and hence affects the economy. Image segmentation techniques have been applied on satellite images of forest fire to extract fire object and some data mining techniques have been used for predicting the spread of forest fire. This paper proposes a novel approach to isolation of fire region using time-sequenced images, classifying fire images from non-fire images, predicting its movement and estimating the area burnt. Once the images are enhanced, the fire region is segmented out. Feature extraction provides the necessary inputs for classification of images as fire and non-fire images. Linear regression is used to predict the movement of forest fire to facilitate better evacuation strategy. Burnt area is calculated from the difference image. This work is helpful in drafting evacuation strategies quickly by predicting the movement of forest fire and facilitates the kick-off of rehabilitation activities by identifying and assessing the burnt area.

this paper looks at the significance of bi-directional communication in the Smart Grid and the customer driven microgrid, a basic building block of the smart grid. It presents a classification model of communication requirements from the top down and bottom up perspective. Ultimately this paper presents future areas of work for microgrid operation that can be facilitated by a protocol specifically developed for energy systems and leverage upon IP. Index Terms--Ancillary services, Communication Networks in power systems, Cyber-physical devices, Data Link Layer in Microgrids, IP networks in power systems, Micro-Grid communications, Smart Grid communications.

Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is the task of searching digital images from a large database based on the extraction of features, such as color, texture and shape of the image. Most of the research in CBIR has been carried out with complete queries which were present in the database. This paper investigates utility of CBIR techniques for retrieval of incomplete and distorted queries. Studies were made in two categories of the query: first is complete and second is incomplete. The query image is considered to be distorted or incomplete image if it has some missing information, some undesirable objects, blurring, noise due to disturbance at the time of image acquisition etc. Color (hue, saturation and value (HSV) color space model) and shape (moment invariants and Fourier descriptor) features are used to represent the image. The algorithm was tested on database consisting of 1875 images. The results show that retrieval accuracy of incomplete queries is highly increased by fusing color and shape features giving precision of 79.87%. MATLAB ® 7.01 and its image processing toolbox have been used to implement the algorithm.

Modern advancement in communication technologies has resulted in the widely and increase in use of smartphones such as android, blackberry, iPhones and much more. The proliferation of smartphones raises much security issues. This is so because the security features of such devices are limited. The most novel approach to arrest the security challenges in the smartphone is cryptography and steganography. Cryptography concerns itself with the masking of the content of a secret message whereas steganography deals with the concealment or hiding of a secreted message from the unauthorized person. The system proposed in this study uses a cover object, image specifically to hide the message to be sent. Before a message is embedded in the image, the message is first encrypted using RSA encryption algorithm. After the message has been encrypted, the process of embedding or hiding the message in the image is carried on. Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique is used to embed the message into the video. The performance Analysis was carried out using Peak-Signal-to –Noise-Ratio (PSNR). The results show that high security and robustness is achieved in smartphones when cryptography is combined with steganography.

– Incessant attacks in the internet in general and in the cloud specifically has necessitated the proposal of defense measures. The magnitude of traffic to be analysed has brought to the fore data mining and machine learning approaches. In the midst of this, feature selection has been identified as a pre-processing phase during attack defense that increases the classification accuracy and reduces computational complexity by extracting important features from original data. In this work, we analyse different filter selection methods and machine learning classification algorithms to establish a correlation between them. An Intrusion detection benchmark dataset, NSL-KDD, was used for performance evaluation by considering two performance metrics, detection accuracy, and time to build model. J48, a version of C4.5 decision tree and chi-squared filter selection method, using 14 most important features, exhibit a high correlation by considering both performance metrics, thus presents the best result.

Communication network plays an important role in providing safe vehicular movement. The main achievement of VANET is providing comfort and safety for passengers. In addition to that, various transactions like information on accident, road condition, petrol bank details, menu in the restaurant, and discount sales can be provided to the drivers and passengers. The speed and time in which the message is sent and received plays an essential part in the Intelligent Transport System (ITS). For this the VANET requires efficient and reliable methods for data communication. Most of the earlier research works deal with the transaction based services provided by road side unit. Moreover the earlier works concentrate on the Intelligent Transport System limited to the city areas where road side units are available in plenty. But this
paper discusses the usefulness of VANET outside the city limit. Usually vehicles which move outside the city area do not get the response from the Road Side Unit (RSU) as its availability is limited. For efficient data communication, an attempt has been made to create a new clustering concept among the VANET nodes. The approach of the present paper considers the Simple Highway Vehicular model (SHWM), in which a new
clustering model has been introduced. This paper also focuses the service discovery through VANET in the absence of road side units when the vehicles are moving inside the city or outside the city.

This report is focused on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM); it talks about the concept, theory and various applications of the techniques in data communications.
The reports talks about the various forms of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) from the aspects of technology, applications, problems encountered and solutions to these problems.
It also talks about the OFDM system model which uses the IDFT and DFT modulation techniques.

The information security has become one of the most significant problems in data communication. So it becomes an inseparable part of data communication. In order to address this problem, cryptography and steganography can be combined. This paper proposes a secure communication system. It employs cryptographic algorithm together with steganography. The jointing of these techniques provides a robust and strong communication system that able to withstand against attackers. In this paper, the filter bank cipher is used to encrypt the secret text message, it provide high level of security, scalability and speed. After that, a discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) based steganography is employed to hide the encrypted message in the cover image by modifying the wavelet coefficients. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and histogram analysis. The simulation results show that, the proposed system provides high level of security.

This article shows some modulation techniques for wireless network which is also called :
    Spread Spectrum
    Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
    Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)
    Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) and Variant
    CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)
    Comparision All Techniques

International journal of Mobile Network Communications & Telematics (IJMNCT) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that addresses the impacts and challenges of mobile communications and telematics. The journal also aims to focus on various areas such as ecommerce, e-governance, telematics, tele learning nomadic computing, data management, related software and hardware technologies, and mobile user services. The journal documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of mobile communication technologies.