Civil Engeneering

Este Relatório de Impacto Ambiental -RIMA apresenta a síntese dos estudos realizados para avaliação da viabilidade ambiental do TÚNEL SANTOS-GUARUJÁ, empreendimento a ser executado pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo por meio da DERSA e do DER, destinado a implantar uma ligação seca entre os municípios de Santos e Guarujá situados na Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista.

Strengthening and repair of buildings and structures of concrete and steel after the earthquake

1. Status of the strength and intensity of the smaller of the earthquake design forces
2. Status strength and intensity of the earthquake is equal powers design
3. The case of the strength and intensity of the earthquake and devastating powers greater than the design

- The type of damage to the building and the possibility of reform and restoration and consolidation

1 - the case before the flexibility and form joints teflon
2. Status plasticity and form joints
3. fracture and collapse and post-plasticity

- Kinds of sentences resistance and material consolidation and rehabilitation of buildings before the earthquake

1.transplant of shear walls of the tires and concrete
2-implant components, steel and tires Tkteph and securitization of construction

Over the years, tone sequencers have been used extensively in devices ranging from alarm systems, sirens and even toys. The circuitry of the tone sequencers used are often bogus and cumbersome to implement. However, with the use of integrated circuit chips, we have demonstrated that irrespective of the number of tones needed, tone sequencers can be easily built at little cost. The sequencer was built with basically seven ICs : a 4017 Johnson counter and six 555 timer ICs, one in monostable mode and the others in astable mode with four of them serving as tone generators. The system clock is set for low frequency well spaced in order to clearly distinguish the individual notes. This device can easily be extended to include many distinct tones and can be applied in any type of alarm system (be it fire, house, vehicle alarm), siren and toys etc.

This article deals with the scientific factors that have contributed to the dominance of motorised transport and the development of theoretical approaches in transport planning. Connections are made to modernism and to the theories within the field of transport planning that have created today’s transport systems. Connections are then made to the field of bicycle planning. It is argued that there is a lack of theoretical research in bicycle planning that built on empirical studies. This has contributed to the bicycle often being marginalised in transport systems. Moreover, it is argued that new theoretical research could have a similar effect on bicycle planning as it has had on motorised transport planning. Although there is theoretical research about bicycling, such as vélomobility research, such research does not tend to theorise about bicycle planning. The idea put forward in this article is that theoretical knowledge from the field of mobility studies could be a first step in that direction. This article draws on the politics of mobility and research in vélomobility and develops a theoretical ground for transport planning that takes bicycling into consideration.

A leading, international, engineering and construction company has carried out efforts to engage a new tool set and work process. is the new work process that aims toward better, more efficient planning and execution of large construction projects. This paper describes the case history and forecasts how this revitalized technique may ultimately impact the construction industry. Despite academic and practitioners' research and development efforts to leverage from Information Technology (IT) in construction, the industry at large, being generally conservative, has adhered to the values of predictability and existing methods to minimize risk. 4D technology has struggled to find its way into mainstream construction practice for several years, and just recently it has been shown that commercially available software and hardware can be applied effectively toward this end, greatly reducing investment risk. These relatively new tools promise new impetus to the use of 4D-PS in the construction industry. This paper describes how 4D-PS was applied on a major construction project, giving rise to a new work process that proved to be productive and cost effective. Emphasis is made on the fact that those expected to use such technology must have the necessary training and, conversely, near-future versions of computerized tools can be made more intuitive for more widespread use. The use of such techniques will necessarily draw engineering/design and construction entities closer together, essentially improving coordination among them.

A leading, international, engineering and construction company has carried out efforts to engage a new tool set and work process. Four-Dimensional Planning and Scheduling (4D-PS) is the new work process that aims toward better, more efficient planning and execution of large construction projects. This paper describes the case history and forecasts how this revitalized technique may ultimately impact the
construction industry. Despite academic and practitioners’ research and
development efforts to leverage from Information Technology (IT) in construction, the industry at large, being generally conservative, has adhered to the values of predictability and existing methods to minimize risk. 4D technology has struggled to find its way into mainstream construction practice for several years, and just
recently it has been shown that commercially available software and hardware can be applied effectively toward this end, greatly reducing investment risk. These relatively new tools promise new impetus to the use of 4D-PS in the construction industry. This paper describes how 4D-PS was applied on a major construction project, giving rise to a new work process that proved to be productive and cost effective. Emphasis is made on the fact that those expected to use such technology
must have the necessary training and, conversely, near-future versions of computerized tools can be made more intuitive for more widespread use. The use of such techniques will necessarily draw engineering/design and construction entities closer together, essentially improving coordination among them.

This paper presents some results of the application of research thinking within
an industrial project environment. During the last five years the impact of Computer
Advanced Visualization Tools (CAVT) in the design and construction process of industrial
projects was studied as part of a research carried out by the Universidad Católica de Chile and
Bechtel Chile Ltda. A Ph.D. researcher working within Bechtel developed methods and
procedures to conduct 4D Planning and Scheduling (4D-PS). His work included pioneering
the first 4D application on a large project that rendered significant and demonstrable savings
in man-hours and materials, showing that 4D technology is viable and cost-effective. Benefits
of applying CAVT to the design process, new conceptualization of the design process, review
of the constructability concept and guidelines to manage organizational change due to IT
impact are examples of the research results that will be presented and discussed in this paper.

Implementation of the hospital building project, have a ways of estimation in accordance with the phases of the project. In the early stages of project planning, (owner) requires the estimated cost to construct the project budget. So it is necessary to develop cost estimation model that is easy to use, accurate and reliable. This research planning to develop a model estimation on stage initial project planning, easy with a fairly accurate results. Development method uses the principle of " Cost Significant Model" and the multiple linear regression. 6 data obtained using the method of work packages BoQ (Bill of Quantity) hospital building with details of data among 5 work packages that have been realized from fiscal year 2011 - 2014 were compared with 1 package of work to be performed. Statistical analysis showed that the medical gas installation item significantly affect the cost of building the hospital, which is 79.0%, the remaining 21.0% is influenced by other causes. M...

We present a numerical solution for the dead zone model which describes the solute transport in a subsurface and horizontal flow constructed wetland. This model is a system of two mass balance equations for two conceptual areas: the main channel and the storage zone. We use finite difference schemes to determine the numerical solution of the system and we study its convergence by presenting properties related to the stability and accuracy of the schemes.

Es gibt zur Zeit wohl keinen Ingenieur, der mehr fasziniert als Cecil Balmond, Deputy Chairman von Ove Arup und kongeniales Gegenüber von Architekten wie Rem Koolhaas, Toyo Ito, Alvaro Siza oder Daniel Libeskind. Die Faszination ist vor allem eine der theoretischen Reflexion und der von Balmond seit den neunziger Jahren entwickelten konstruktiven Strategie des "Informal". Sie stösst auch bei denjenigen auf Bewunderung, die sonst mit verschachtelten, gefalteten oder verdrehten Architekturikonen Schwierigkeiten haben. Insofern lässt sich Balmond neben Gottfried Semper stellen, dessen theoretische Überlegungen bis heute in den Bann schlagen, dessen Bauten dagegen, in diesem Fall allein schon durch den historischen Abstand bedingt, fremd sind. Balmond selbst fordert für sein Werk -zu Recht -eine integrale Betrachtung von Theorie und Praxis und verwehrt sich gegen eine oberflächlich-formale Etikettierung der von ihm mitgestalteten Gebäude als dekonstruktivistisch.

This paper explores the relationship between domestic water consumption and dwelling typology, household income and number of occupants. It describes the data and methods used to estimate domestic water consumption and related end-uses for the different household income and residential building typologies of the Federal District, Brazil. To verify the consistency of estimated water end-use data acquired at a fixture-appliance level with metered consumption at the dwelling level, covariance error models were built. The error models were also used in the regularization of the regression of water consumption over socioeconomic variables, using a generalized least-squares approach. Based on linear regression using log-transformed data, this study validates and presents an indoor and outdoor domestic water consumption model. Findings suggest that dwelling characteristics, number of residents, and household income affect both indoor and outdoor water consumption patterns and, therefore, should be considered for adequate water demand predictions, rainwater harvesting, and water reuse system design dimensioning and quantifying potential water savings for different water conservation measures.

Energy savings are hot topic nowadays. People are aware of global warming, the energy resources are not limitless and renewable resources have not been utilised efficiently yet. The only solution, to save not only the planet but also one’s own pocket, is to save energies. It is not just a plain „saving“ per se. You can not say to save more by turning all the lights off. It is vital to reach optimal states and that is where EPC systems come in.
Key words: EPC, energy savings, guaranteed savings, Energy performance contract

Energetické úspory jsou v současné době neustále omílaným tématem. Lidé si uvědomili, že globální oteplování existuje, že zdroje energií nejsou nekonečné, a ty obnovitelné zdroje zatím lidstvo nedokáže efektivně zužitkovat. Jediným východiskem, jak šetřit nejen planetu, ale i vlastní peněženky, je šetřit energie. Není ovšem šetření, jako šetření. Nelze říci, že pokud přestaneme svítit, budeme zákonitě správně šetřit. Je třeba dosáhnout optimálních stavů a k tomu mohou napomoci právě EPC systémy.
Klíčová slova: EPC, úspory energií, garantované úspory, energetické služby se zárukou

We present a numerical solution for the dead zone model which describes the solute transport in a subsurface and horizontal flow constructed wetland. This model is a system of two mass balance equations for two conceptual areas: the main channel and the storage zone. We use finite difference schemes to determine the numerical solution of the system and we study its convergence by presenting properties related to the stability and accuracy of the schemes. Concerning the experimental results, the magnitude of the longitudinal dispersion and the extension of dead volumes is estimated for clean conditions and after a certain operating period under organic loading conditions. The results showed a considerable amount of longitudinal dispersion through the bed, which was very strong near the feeding point, indicating the occurrence of mixing and significant presence of dead zones and short-circuiting.