Archaeology of Parks and Gardens

Wetende dat het laatste woord over de bijzondere tuin van het Huis te Ankeveen nog niet geschreven is, geef ik in dit artikel een actueel overzicht van de geschiedenis, afbeeldingen, tuinvondsten en bronnen. Over het Huis te Ankeveen is in diverse artikelen reeds eerder geschreven, zij het dat dit alweer enige tijd geleden is. Het Huis te Ankeveen is bijzonder te noemen omdat zij -als buitenplaats -niet ligt langs de Vecht noch bij de buitenplaatsengordel te 's-Graveland. Tegelijk hebben vondsten aangetoond dat de tuin, die in archeologische zin tot dusver geen bescherming geniet, opmerkelijke kenmerken vertoonde. Drie artikelen die onlosmakelijk met het Huis van Ankeveen zijn verbonden wil ik hier graag noemen. Allereerst een artikel van Dr. L.A. Boeree uit 1941, dat vooral een genealogische invalshoek kent. Vervolgens B.J. van der Kolk uit 1984. In zijn bijdrage wordt een goede sfeer opgeroepen over de gang van zaken in die tijd, vooral ten aanzien van de gespannen verhouding tussen de katholieke Ambachtsvrouwe van Ankeveen, Maria Elisabeth de Wale en de protestante dominee Arnoud Voet. Tot slot een bijdrage, die in 1995 is gepubliceerd op basis van een lezing, van de hand van J.M. Veenman. Hierin wordt over de familie achtergrond en over de rijke inrichting van zowel huis als tuin geschreven. In een mail van Veenman van 12-02-2013 over de bronnen van zijn artikel schrijft hij: 'De beschrijving van de boedel (groot 105 folio pagina's) en de tuininrichting heb ik exclusief ter beschikking gekregen van het Stadsarchief Amsterdam. De kralen en de overige stukken 'tuinversieringen' heb ik persoonlijk, op de plaats waar ooit eens de tuin lag, opgegraven.' Hierover in dit artikel later meer. De locatie van de sinds 1756 verdwenen buitenplaats of 'lusthof' betreft die van de huidige St. Martinuskerk, gebouwd in 1927 aan het Stichts End te Ankeveen, en het hier achter gelegen grasland.

The managed exploitation of deer and its role in the history of the Irish landscape from prehistoric times is examined with particular reference to hunting and deer parks. Being the chief surviving physical manifestation of past deer management, deer parks were first introduced by the Normans, though they became a dominant feature in Ireland only during the 17th and 18th centuries, after which their numbers declined with the ascendance of fox hunting. One of the largest and best recorded of these parks, the 3,000-acre Great Deer Park at Glenarm, Co Antrim, is subject here to special attention.

"The Oldest Gardens of the World - Egypt at the Times of the Pharaohs" - Contribution to the book published in conjunction with the exhibition "Gardens of the World - Places of Desire and Inspiration (Museum Rietberg, Zurich / Switzerland: 13 May - 9 October 2016). With a list of the exhibited Egyptian objects (p. 299-300), bibliographies for all chapters (p. 312-316) and short biographies of the contributing authors (p. 317-319). - The Egyptian section of the exhibition has been taken over by Museum August Kestner (Hannover / Germany) under the title "Götter, Gärten und Geehrte ... unter Bäumen am Nil" / "Gods, gardens and honorables ... under trees at the Nile": 3 November 2016 - 16 July 2017. - (in German)

This article suggests an alternative to the common formal approach to Roman gardens.  Traditional research has considered how the gardens were laid out and how they were planted, more important than which functions they filled.  Here function refers to their use in relation to the architectural whole they are a part of, and not to the general distinction between "ornamental" and "domestic" gardens.  To gain more understanding of their function, the author points to the evidence of the finds from gardens,  which apart from sculpture, has seldom attracted much interest.  (Summary on pages 96-97).

This report presents the results of an archival and field survey of the walled garden at Acorn Bank, a National Trust property in Temple Sowerby, Cumbria. The aim of the survey was to establish a date for the walled garden and to provide information on the history and evolution of the sunken gardens and associated features. The research has established that the enclosure of a garden at Acorn Bank took place during the early to mid-seventeenth century, and that the sunken garden was created in the mid to late-seventeenth century. In addition, much information regarding the subsequent evolution of the gardens has been revealed. The project was designed by Heather Birkett, Head Gardener at Acorn Bank. It was undertaken by Marion Shiner, a WRoCAH/AHRC-funded doctoral researcher (Award no. 179474572) at the University of Sheffield, for a WRoCAH Researcher Employability Project.

Konferensen och denna konferensrapport är finansierad med hjälp av medel från Region Skånes miljövårdsfond. Hållbar Utveckling Skånes nätverk Det gröna kulturarvet Konferensrapporten ingår i SLUs rapportserie: Landskapsarkitektur Trädgård Växtproduktionsvetenskap 3 Innehåll Det Gröna Kulturarvet ________________________________________________________________________4 The Green Heritage ____________________________________________________________________________9 Tolka landskapet genom det gröna kulturarvet Fabian Mebus, Riksantikvarieämbetet ____________________________________________14 Cultural relict plants -living ancient monuments and how to conserve them Lena Ansebo, Tino Hjorth Bjerregaard, Erik Persson and Svein Ø Solberg ___________________________________________________28 Land owners, practitioners and scientists: the need for a transdisciplinary approach to the conservation of cultural relict plants Line Breian, Svein Øivind Solberg__________36 Avenboksgången och träd-gården vid Araslövs herrgård -ett bortglömt grönt kulturarv. Patrik Olsson, Regionmuseet Kristianstad ______________________________________________________________54 Utvecklande skötsel i kulturhistoriskt värdefulla parker och trädgårdar -Kulturreservat och byggnadsminnen som laboratorium för park-och trädgårdsvård Joakim Seiler, Tina Westerlund, Gunnar Almevik _________________________68 Drömmen om den historiskt korrekta gräsmattan Rekonstruerande skötsel med lie på Gunnebo Slott Joakim Seiler, Gunnebo Slott __________________________________________________________74 Hörjelgården -40 år med Naturskyddsföreningen som landskapsvårdare Hjalmar Dahm, naturpedagog _______________90 Stadsholmens trädgårdar. Resultat av dokumentation och vårdprogram Maria Flinck, trädgårdsantikvarie _________________102 Levende fortidsminder på Hammershus -hvordan kan vi bevare den grønne kulturarv? Tino Hjorth Bjerregaard, Naturstyrelsen Bornholm ___________________118 Högalunds Kulturvandring -vårt sätt att använda det gröna kulturarvet Helena N. Olofsson, naturguide ___________124

Konferensen och denna konferensrapport är finansierad med hjälp av medel från Region Skånes miljövårdsfond. Hållbar Utveckling Skånes nätverk Det gröna kulturarvet Konferensrapporten ingår i SLUs rapportserie: Landskapsarkitektur Trädgård Växtproduktionsvetenskap 3 Innehåll Det Gröna Kulturarvet ________________________________________________________________________4 The Green Heritage ____________________________________________________________________________9 Tolka landskapet genom det gröna kulturarvet Fabian Mebus, Riksantikvarieämbetet ____________________________________________14 Cultural relict plants -living ancient monuments and how to conserve them Lena Ansebo, Tino Hjorth Bjerregaard, Erik Persson and Svein Ø Solberg ___________________________________________________28 Land owners, practitioners and scientists: the need for a transdisciplinary approach to the conservation of cultural relict plants Line Breian, Svein Øivind Solberg__________36 Avenboksgången och träd-gården vid Araslövs herrgård -ett bortglömt grönt kulturarv. Patrik Olsson, Regionmuseet Kristianstad ______________________________________________________________54 Utvecklande skötsel i kulturhistoriskt värdefulla parker och trädgårdar -Kulturreservat och byggnadsminnen som laboratorium för park-och trädgårdsvård Joakim Seiler, Tina Westerlund, Gunnar Almevik _________________________68 Drömmen om den historiskt korrekta gräsmattan Rekonstruerande skötsel med lie på Gunnebo Slott Joakim Seiler, Gunnebo Slott __________________________________________________________74 Hörjelgården -40 år med Naturskyddsföreningen som landskapsvårdare Hjalmar Dahm, naturpedagog _______________90 Stadsholmens trädgårdar. Resultat av dokumentation och vårdprogram Maria Flinck, trädgårdsantikvarie _________________102 Levende fortidsminder på Hammershus -hvordan kan vi bevare den grønne kulturarv? Tino Hjorth Bjerregaard, Naturstyrelsen Bornholm ___________________118 Högalunds Kulturvandring -vårt sätt att använda det gröna kulturarvet Helena N. Olofsson, naturguide ___________124

The past decade has seen many calls for the development of unified 'world historical archaeologies' of the past 500 years. While the field benefits from growing international exchanges and collaborations, retaining the diversity of regional traditions is a major and emerging challenge. As the field increasingly tests the temporal, geographical and interdisciplinary limits of archaeological perspectives, engaging with the diversity of modern material, these complexities remain little discussed, and the situations and contingencies of disciplinary narratives, priorities and interactions remain unproblematized.

Consultable en ligne ici : https://journals.openedition.org/crcv/15334

À la lumière des fouilles archéologiques menées depuis 1993 en France, le jardin dévoile sa vraie nature : celle d’un espace artificiel, véritable architecture de terre et d’eau, pensé et conçu en fonction du terrain qu’il occupe, doté de « fondations » et d’aménagements complexes destinés à assurer sa pérennité. Appréhender de tels concepts ne peut cependant se faire sans la mise au point de processus spécifiques. L’archéologie des jardins, de par les matériaux qu’elle traite – de la terre dans de la terre –, mise en œuvre autour d’un patrimoine vivant, inscrite au sein de protocoles dont l’étendue va du diagnostic jusqu’à la restauration, fait partie de ces domaines de recherche pour lesquels il a fallu dépasser les prérogatives de la seule discipline archéologique. Car, à la différence des fouilles préventives, effectuées préalablement à la destruction totale ou partielle des sites, l’archéologie appliquée à un projet de restauration de jardin revêt un aspect inversement constructif. Pour cela, l’archéologue se doit de fournir des contenus susceptibles non seulement de faire progresser la recherche, mais aussi d’aider les restaurateurs dans leur future intervention.

The 20th conference of the European Archaeological Council (EAC) was held in Ireland in February 2019. The meeting took place in Dublin Castle and focused on the proper management of monuments and archaeological sites as well as the possibilities of presenting them to the wider public. For years, discussions on monument protection in the EAC symposiums have focused on the problems posed by the relationship of archaeology to investments. Cultural tourism is a critical issue, in which the interests and needs of these two fields meet—or clash. In Hungary, this is most conspicuous in connection with the so-called heritage developments undertaken within the framework of the National Program for Castles and Fortresses, coordinated by the National Heritage Protection and Development Ltd (in Hungarian: Nemzeti Örökségvédelmi és Fejlesztési Nkft, NÖF). Two sites, Sárospatak and Szabadkígyós, are presented in this paper as examples of archaeological research projects undertaken in preparation for the further development of an area.

The Roman garden could be a form of art in its layout and design, as well as in the choice and manipulation of plants contained therein. This is especially so in the context of domestic architecture where the garden could act as a setting for sculpture, fountains and paintings. The Roman house also acted as a canvas for virtual nature, its interiors being adorned with depictions of designed gardens as well as untamed landscapes. 

In the paper, the archaeological evidence for Roman gardens and the display of works of art in that context is explored. A comparison of real gardens with virtual gardens is attempted, exploring how both might have been seen and experienced by Roman viewers. Rather than focusing on house and villa gardens solely as expressions of status and wealth, other possible meanings also are considered.