Ann Laura Stoler

The work is about using Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the effort estimation model parameter
optimization which can lead to the reduction in the difference in actual and estimated effort used in model
development.
The model has been tested using OOP’s dataset, obtained from NASA for research purpose.The data set
based model equation parameters have been found that consists of two independent variables, viz. Lines of
Code (LOC) along with one more attribute as a dependent variable related to software development effort
(DE). The results have been compared with the earlier work done by the author on Artificial Neural
Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and it has been observed that the
developed SA based model is more capable to provide better estimation of software development effort than
ANN and ANFIS.

Th is essay participates in recent calls for more direct engagement with theory in research and teaching within History and Early American Studies. Over the last decade voices have gathered for a reconsideration of fundamental theoretical concepts in the historiography of culture. Th is essay reconsiders theory on semiotics, learning, and the body to reopen a conceptual problem in early American cultural historiography: the relationships between organized power and individual agency. I suggest an approach to power and agency specifi cally tuned to the conditions of early America colonization, which was more intimate and diverse while possessing fewer institutions and less communications-saturation than a focus on myth, ideology, or discursive formations might assume. Reconsidering semiotics as embodied allows a conception of the body as a learning entity creatively mediating discourses and social constructions and thereby generating new historical identities and relations of power. Th e argument draws on studies on gender/sexuality, Native Americans, and the enslaved and takes cues from the work of Gyatri Spivak, Ann