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2015, Indian Journal of Science and Technology
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5 pages
1 file
Background/Objectives: Near Field Communication (NFC) technology follows traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) standard that enables the communication using radio frequency between the devices that are separated by distance less than 10 cm. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The present work is a secured campus payment system that uses near Field Communication (NFC) technology and RFID integrated campus ID cards to make payments automatically within the organization or campus. The work is developed using an Arduino Microcontroller with PN532 based NFC controller shield and LabView. Findings: The system in implementation provides a convenient facility to act as a smart payment system in place of cash transactions with an added layer of authentication with no extra tags attached to it. Conclusion/ Improvements: The smart campus payment system in implementation can be further enhanced to include the mobile NFC as the payment authentication system with banking features attached to the mobile NFC gateway.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Technology (ICOSAT 2017), 2018
An innovative Smart Gate System has been implemented as a smart access control within the campus area. Smart gate uses 'Smart card Near Field Communication' as an identity card for the university's academics. Students or lecturers entering the campus area through the barrier gate and perform the identification process on the reader. Registered smart cards open the barrier gate. The history of the identity card is updated on the online server. Identification and authentication is proceed by entering certain code to the smart card. Security system in smart gate uses two data encryption. Design in the system use PN 532 NFC reader/writer, NFC tag 13.56 MHz rewritable and ultrasonic sensor ping. Through this innovative system, the supervision of an access control in campus area is finely recorded and the academics' identity is maintained through the data encryption in smart card. Response to the sytem services up to an optimum 6 cm in range, and response to the time services at an optimum of 1.829 seconds.
International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2017
In recent years, the studies have been going on for faster and more secure data transfer. With these studies, the world has turned to this area with multitude of mobile devices and a new technology which makes life easier has been developed. This technology is called Near Field Communication (NFC). NFC is the communication technology between electronic devices using radio frequencies. Owing to the secure elements on the NFC, it has provided the opportunity to develop the applications such as banking, entry/exit where a high level of security. In this study, it was investigated how Android platform, Android NFC support and the Java platform can be used for example control systems. It is aimed to be used NFC applications in places where using cards to enter and exit (schools, stadiums, office buildings, etc.). By making various improvements in this control mechanism, a different perspective is provided. The aim of the study is to prepare an interactive structure with the user, which provides easy transition with NFC Control Application. In this study, a system was carried out for entrance and exit of schools which are managed and kept under the control by a phone that allows NFC support. With this system, a faster and more reliable structure is presented.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/rfid-based-smart-card-for-campus-automation https://www.ijert.org/research/rfid-based-smart-card-for-campus-automation-IJERTCONV9IS07009.pdf It is developed to ease the work of students, it involves a card containing a chip which is nothing but a unique identity that is given to each student. Smart card have the advantage to individuals with right of security and provide client trust. It will be utilized as a means of recognizable proof, provide safety and helps in transactions. Smart cards have potential benefit to people with the right of privacy and give the users confidence in trustworthiness of organization. So through this project we aim to design a student card system using smart card technology. The card can be used as a means of identification , automation, and payment. The smart card has a chip and id that is unique for every student. It is scanned with the help of RFID reader therefore it makes easy for students to carry a single card rather than cash. We have also tried to identify the ways in which the users are facilitated in accessing the controls and services in the campus. The smart card does not save data directly in the smart card but in the server for account based system. This design world increase the transaction speed and also keeps the process more secure.
2017
Mobile Payment researches has increased rapidly in recent years. A most recent researchers are focusing on contactless mobile payment systems that uses mobile phones wireless technologies to achieve payment system success factors like availability, simplicity, security, and privacy of payment transaction. Moreover, Mobile technologies has a number of security risks. This paper proposes a new secured design of mobile payment system using a Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The proposed system uses the features of NFC system to achieve an efficient and complete payment cycle. Furthermore, a solution to the relay attack is proposed. Also the proposed design satisfies the three most important security measures, Confidentiality, integrity and availability. Index Term-Mobile Payment Privacy protection; Secured Payment System; NFC Payment System.
2008
In daily life, ordinary cash is more and more replaced by electronic means of payment. Where on the one hand side macro payment systems are well covered by credit cards, micro payment systems still suffer from different technological and usability issues. Besides usability, security in payment systems has always been a hot topic ever since. In this paper we present a new, promising approach for a purse-based micro payment system. Our system relies on a prepaid wallet having the money stored in a secure chip in the mobile phone. The proximity technology Near Field Communication (NFC) is used to conduct contactless payment transactions at the point of sale (POS). Additionally the wallet can be topped up over the air (OTA), anywhere and anytime. The combination of OTA top-up and NFC payment transactions make this system very convenient as the data acquired during an eight month trial shows. Users benefit from the system as they do need to head for an ATM to load money into the wallet. ...
In this paper, an efficient way to implement Cashless System using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID is a flexible, wireless, automatic identification technology that transmits information about an object or person, using radio waves. The efficiency of this system can be observed in real time application. This system will provide transparency in transaction. This system will have the required databases for student and faculty directory that shows unique id and transaction details. This application is being developed using JAVA programming language and using MySQL for creating the database.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol. 4, No. 8, SAI, 2013
Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is based on a short range radio communication channel which enables users to exchange data between devices. With NFC technology, mobile services establish a contactless transaction system to make the payment methods easier for people. Although NFC mobile services have great potential for growth, they have raised several issues which have concerned the researches and prevented the adoption of this technology within societies.
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a new technology that has emerged in the last decade. NFC is a short range, high frequency, low bandwidth and wireless communication technology between two NFC enabled devices. Communication between NFC devices occurs at 13.56 MHz high frequency which was originally used by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). NFC works on both active and passive devices using various modes of operations. Also, NFC can happen between only two devices at a time. Potential NFC applications and services making use of NFC technology include e-payment, e-ticketing, loyalty services, identification, access control, content distribution, smart advertising, data/money transfer and social services. Due to its applicability to a wide range of areas and the promising value added opportunities, it has attracted many academicians, researchers, organizations and commercial companies. Technology usage is now in the pilot phase in many countries. Usability issues and technology adoption are being explored by many academicians and industrial organizations. As NFC enabled mobile phones spread and commercial services are launched, people will be able to pay for goods and services, access hotel rooms or apartments, update their information in social networks, upload their health data to hospital monitoring systems from their homes, and benefit from many more services by using their NFC enabled phones. The success of NFC technology is bound to advances in other fields as well. Over-the- Air technology among ecosystem factors is definitely a prerequisite to operate NFC systems satisfactorily. Secure Element (SE) is also a requirement to store valuable digital information on the same smart card securely. Dependence on other technologies is one of the challenges that NFC currently faces. All of these are discussed in detail in the following report.
Sejak akhir tahun 1990-an, orang-orang telah menikmati gaya hidup yang nyaman. Perangkat mobile yang didukung oleh perkembangan jaringan nirkabel telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Orang-orang dapat memperoleh informasi, memesan tiket, mengunduh lagu dan melakukan transaksi komersial yang disebut mobile commerce. Aplikasi mobile commerce menjadi aplikasi yang paling digemari bagi para pengguna perangkat mobile yang menginginkan melakukan transaksi bisnis dan keuangan dengan mudah dan aman, kapan saja dan dimana saja mereka berada. Saat ini penggunaan uang tunai secara fisik sedang mengalami penurunan popularitas di dunia bisnis, karena mulai digantikan oleh pembayaran non-fisik yang sering disebut uang elektronik (electronic money, e-money). Sebuah teknologi penting di balik pembayaran mobile adalah Near Field Communication (NFC). Sebagai indikasi bahwa NFC mempunyai potensi bisnis yang luar biasa, perusahaan terkemuka seperti Nokia, Microsoft, Visa Inc. dan MasterCard Worldwide dan NXP Semiconductors, secara aktif terlibat menggarapnya. Proses pembayaran yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi NFC berbasis sistem operasi mobile yang sedang trend saat ini yaitu Android yang mendukung teknologi NFC yaitu versi 2.3.3 Gingerbread. Prototipe aplikasi bayar dirancang untuk 2 sisi pengguna yaitu pada sisi user sebagai konsumen dan pada sisi merchant sebagai pedagang/penjual dengan menggunakan handset yang sudah memiliki teknologi NFC yaitu Google Samsung Nexus S. Prototipe aplikasi bayar juga mengimplementasikan konsep keamanan dalam transaksi e-commerce dengan menggunakan protokol Tag-to-Tag sehingga kebutuhan pengguna untuk keamanan dan kenyamanan selama bertransaksi finansial terpenuhi.
2 SINOPSIS En una supuesta sociedad policial, el estado ha conseguido el control total sobre el individuo. No existe siquiera un resquicio para la intimidad personal: el sexo es un crimen, las emociones están prohibidas, la adoración al sistema es la condición para seguir vivo. La Policía del Pensamiento se encargará de torturar hasta la muerte a los conspiradores, aunque para ello sea necesario acusar a inocentes. Winston y Julia, a pesar de ser miembros del Partido y sabiendo que el Gran Hermano les vigila, se rebelan contra ese poder que se ha adueñado de las conciencias de sus conciudadanos. El camino que seguirán se convertirá en un peligroso laberinto hacia un final incierto.
Near Field Communication follows traditional RFID standards including ISO/IEC 14443 and FeliCa used for short distance radio communication. TodayNFC has been integrated in mobile phones and has a wide range of applications associated with it. Now a days there exists multiple applications like smart payment systems, access control, ticketing system etc. developed using NFC incorporated in the mobile devices which can be used within an organization or campus. These applications are short go in a single device which makes the day to day life easy. Present work deals with the secured, low cost, less complex smart campus payment system developed using NFC technology along with the RFID integrated personal identity cards of individuals within the campus. The work replaces the use of mobile phones for smart payments as an application of NFC. The proposed work doesn't use mobile phones which reduces the cost of the system largely. Authentication through password is developed in the system which provides ATM type secure environment with the ID card for making the payment. This work can be implemented in schools, organizations, college campus etc. The proposed work is developed using PN532 NFC/RFID controller shield V2.0 of seed studio, Arduino UNO, Lab View and Microsoft access.
In recent years, various mobile terminals equipped with NFC (Near Field Communication) are free. The mixture of NFC with sensible devices has widened the deployment categories of NFC. It's expected to overtake credit cards in electronic payment. During this regard, security problems got to be addressed to vitalize NFC electronic payment. The NFC security standards need the utilization of user's public key at a hard and fast price within the method of key agreement 1 . With the increasing handiness of good handsets, the mobile is probably going to become the device of selection for accessing refined services and applications in an exceedingly convenient however secure manner. This can be very true with the introduction of close to Field Communication (NFC), that provides the phone with varying degree of interface permitting it to act as good, sensible wise card reader or Keywords: Authentication System, NFC, RFID to emulate smart cards 2 . An approach for NFC utilization has been put forward to make use of it in cell phones or any Context based Applications Invocation (CAI) by Einwich. The code implementation is performed with the improvements occurring in the environment. In the similar way the same methodology can be made use in mobiles where the response of telephone is set according to the token of the client 3 . Arriens described about the advancements in the applications related to the portable business, where the developments made it easy for the clients for transferring the money throughout the world instead of wandering from place to place 4 . Martens proposed a method of NFC integration with the android there by making the payment easy at the time of shopping which lead the world wide norms focused on the innovations of NFC 5 . Using ISO/IEC 14443 sort A/B standard and Felica schemes 6 flexible read/write functions are described and for measuring information by combining with the object. The NFC customary by itself doesn't give intrinsically safety features. This implies that each and every developer would wish to implement safety features in his NFC application on his own. This successively leads to users being as secure from NFC-based security vulnerabilities because the developer chooses to implement 7 . The instructions and commands can be made use to operate the gadgets according to the requirement by passing through it. Type1, Type2, Type3 and Type4 are some commonly used tags. SystemC and SystemC-Ams can be displayed by making use of two techniques which focus around the closeness.
The proposed work includes a PN532 based NFC shield v2.0 of seed studio, RFID integrated ID cards, Arduino UNO Microcontroller, LabView and Microsoft access database. In a campus every individual is provided with a RFID which is integrated in the identity card. A database associated with the unique RFID is maintained for every individual. During the payment one should authenticate by tapping the ID card to NFC antenna and enter the password. Then the respective amount is debited from the account and data base is updated with the remaining balance. The amount is credited in the same way after successful authentication. The architectural overview is shown in the Figure 2.
Figure 2
Architectual overview of smart campus payment.
Near Field Communication is a secured and short distance communication procedure which works in less than 10 cm range. NFC utilizes radio frequency of 13.56 MHz with a transmitting range of 1Mbps. There are two modes of NFC for correspondence:
Same radio frequency is used by initiator and target for their communication in this secured mode.
Target responds to the command given by the initiator in this mode The proposed work uses PN532 based NFC shield v2.0 of seed studio as the hardware which should be interfaced to the base system for implementation. This NFC shied has access to UART, SPI and I2C communication protocols. The present work uses SPI protocol for communicating between NFC and the Base system. Figure 1 shows the NFC shield used in the work.
Figure 1
Seed studio NFC shield V2.0.
The final design is developed using LabView which performs password authentication after ID card is tapped to the NFC antenna.
The database is accessed only after proper authentication of the user. Figure 3 shows the final design developed using sub vi designs VISA and Database. VISA sub vi is a design developed using VISA modules in the LabView for reading the serial data from the Base system. Sub vi named Database is a design developed for accessing database depending on the RFID read by the VISA module. A dynamic SQL syntax is generated every time when an RFID is read and this syntax plays role in accessing respective data of the user. This data Base can be accessed only after proper authentication through password.
Figure 3
Block diagram of final system in LabVIEW.
Even though NFC has been integrated into mobile phones in the current technology, a cost effective smart payment system is developed using the RFID integrated identity cards instead of mobile phones which reduces the cost of the total system. The following steps describe the implementation of the overall system.
The Serial communication between Base system (Arduino UNO) and NFC is implemented using Serial peripheral interface (SPI) Protocol. Arduino libraries are developed for SPI such that RFID read by NFC antenna is sends the data serially to the base system. When the code is executed in the Base system, the data read by the NFC is transmitted to the Base system in serial form.
The serial data from the base system is fetched by the LabView using the design developed with VISA modules. Appropriate COM port and baud rate should be selected. Figure shows the front panel when the data is fetched by VISA port.
A database is created using Microsoft access and a design is developed in the LabView by generating the SQL syntax for accessing the database. The SQL syntax comprises of the RFID which plays a vital role in reading the data of respective person. A dynamic SQL syntax is generated whenever NFC antenna reads the RFID from the ID card. NFC shield is activated by uploading the code in the Arduino IDE after making proper hardware connections. Once the NFC starts reading the data the LabView design should be executed. In addition, performs authentication with the password and then process the payment. After the payment is done the database is updated with available balance. The balance can be credited in the same way after proper authentication Figure 4 shows the hardware setup of the work.
Figure 4
Hardware set up used in this work for passive communication.
The flow chart for authentication process is shown in Figure 5. Access will be granted only when the password is correct. Once authentication becomes successful it will allow access to the database which shows the available balance and after required amount is debited the database will update with remaining balance.
Figure 5
Flow chart for authentication process.
Usage methodology and implementation of this work just utilizes present NFC technology on the smart cards accordingly actualizing the procedure completed. The Arduino UNO board is interfaced with PN532 NFC/ RFID controller shield utilizing the libraries developed for SPI protocol. An RFID integrated campus ID card is tapped to the NFC antenna in order to launch the correspondence. NFC follows the RFID standards that include ISO14443-A/B and Felica. Figures 6 (a) and 6 (b) shows the front panel of overall design after concatenating the individual modules. Thus a smart campus payment system is developed using PN532 NFC/RFID controller shield.
Figure 6
(a) Front panel of overall design when authentication successful and (b) Front panel of overall design when authentication unsuccessful.
An application which uses RFID integrated campus ID card instead of mobile phones to communicate with NFC shield has been made for smart campus payment system which reduces the cost of the system which are available today and complexity of the design. The system is hacking free as it is impossible to hack from distance more than 10cm, without ID card. In addition it is password protected which overcomes the issue in case of ID card missing or stolen. Since it doesn't need any keying or encryption techniques, design complexity is reduced. Since the work is developed using individual identity cards valid within the campus, it is flexible for every individual to use the payment system effectively and easily. No extra gadgets are required for authenticating and making the payment. This work adds feature to the existing systems which uses ID card scanning for granting access into an organization or a campus. The proposed work is successfully developed using PN532 based NFC shield V2.0 of seed studio.
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