Surgical Approach to the Stylohyoid Process in Eagle’s Syndrome

Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 2014

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition caused by elongation of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Patients with Eagle syndrome typically present with dysphagia, dysphonia, cough, voice changes, otalgia, sore throat, facial pain, foreign body sensation, headache, vertigo, and neck pain. Here we report a case in which the patient initially presented with sore throat, left-sided facial pain, and cough. This case report provides a brief review of the diagnosis and nonsurgical management of this rare syndrome.

Stylohyoid syndrome or eagle’s syndrome is caused by calcifi cation of the stylohyoid ligament or elongation of the bony styloid process. ...

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2007

Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2020

IntRoductIon Patients reporting with pharyngodynia and neck pain symptoms can lead to an extensive differential diagnosis. [1] The close proximity of the styloid process to many of the vital neurovascular structures in the neck makes it clinically significant; abnormal elongation of the styloid process may cause compression on a number of vessels and nerves with whom it shares close proximity often producing confusing signs and symptoms. [2] This elongation was first described in 1652 by an Italian surgeon Pietro Marchetti, who attributed it to an ossifying process of the stylohyoid ligament. [3] In 1937, Eagle, an otolaryngologist at Duke University, coined the term "stylalgia" to describe the pain associated with this abnormality. [4-6] Eagle postulated that there are two types of syndromes, which finally came to bear his name. [7] Classic type The classic type is characterized by pain secondary to stimulation of cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X and is often seen following tonsillectomy. Carotid artery type Styloid process gets involved with carotid nerve plexuses causing foreign-body sensation in the pharynx and neck pain on rotation of the head. There are three syndromes closely associated with styloid process syndrome: Costen's syndrome, Trotter's syndrome, and myofacial pain syndrome. [8] Weinlechner described the first surgical case in 1872. [9] In this article of case series, we would like to demonstrate the successful management of elongated styloid process through a new novel intraoral surgical approach, which we

International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 2015

Patients with recurrent throat pain, dysphagia, or facial pain symptoms might have Eagle's syndrome due to abnormal length of the styloid process or calcification of stylohyoid ligament complex. In adults, the styloid process is approximately 2.5 cm long. The etiology of this disease is not well understood, and usually asymptomatic. In some cases, the styloid tip, which is located between the external and internal carotid arteries, compresses the perivascular sympathetic fibers, resulting in a persistent pain. The disease can be diagnosed by physical examination through digital palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa or by radiographic workup that includes anterior-posterior and lateral skull films. We report a 33-year-old woman with an incidental finding of an elongated styloid process during a routine tonsillectomy procedure.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 1986

A classification of the radiographic appearance of elongated and mineralized stylohyoid ligament complexes based on three types of complexes-Type I, elongated; Type II, pseudoarticulated; and Type Ill, segmented-is proposed. These types are further described by a pattern of calcification: calcified outline, partially calcified, nodular, and completely calcified. The classification is illustrated in a case of Eagle's syndrome in a 55year-old Mexican-American man with symptoms of chronic otalgia and cephalgia. The surgical management and follow-up of this patient are discussed. (ORAL SURC. ORAL MED. ORAL PATHOL. 61527432, 1986) M ineralization or calcification of the stylohyoid complex is relatively common. Correll et al.' found an incidence of 18.2% on panoramic radiographs in a review of 1771 cases. Fortunately, most authors agree that few of these atIlicted processes become symptomatic,1-4 with the reported prevalence from 1% to 5%' When symptoms are present, the condition is known variously as Eagle's syndrome, elongated styloid process syndrome, styloid processcarotid artery syndrome, stylohyoid syndrome, or styloid process neuralgia.5 Eagle6 first presented two cases of symptomatic elongated, calcified stylohyoid processes in 1937. In this report, he described complaints of a "nagging or aching sensation in the throat similar to chronic pharyngitis" and pains radiating to the ear or mastoid region. Other symptoms include difficulty in swallowing, a sensation of a foreign object lodged in the throat, or both. Subsequent authors have reported cases with mainly a

Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2012

Patients presenting with vague head and neck pain can lead to wide-ranging differential diagnosis. Elongation of styloid process (SP) should also be considered as one of the etiological factors for cervical pain radiating to jaws, pharyngodynia, and difficulty in swallowing. Symptomatic elongation of SP or mineralization of stylohyoid ligament is referred as Eagle's syndrome. It is a rare entity presenting with an array of symptoms like recurrent throat pain, dysphagia, otalgia, and neck pain. History and physical examination play a vital role in diagnosing this condition and further radiological investigation confirms the diagnosis. The preferred radiologic modality is 3D-computed tomography, which gives accurate information about length, angulation, type of elongation, and relation to vital structures and hence helps in execution of treatment planning. This paper describes clinical approach, imaging investigations, and management of a case of Eagle's syndrome.

International Journal of Anatomy and Research

The styloid process of the temporal bone is an elongated bony projection presenting a variable length as demonstrated in osteometric and radiological studies conducted with different techniques: three-dimensional computed tomography (3dct) or dental panoramic three-dimensional scanning. An elongated styloid process can cause neck pain , dysphagia, headache, sore throat, ear pain, mandibular dysfunction which characterize Eagle's syndrome. Here we present a rare image of an abnormally long styloid process with ossification of left stylohyoid ligament belonging to a bone collection of the local anatomical museum , part of our department, and discovered during routine osteology classes .Also if a direct relation between the length of the styloid process and syndrome of Eagle is not always obvious ,radiologists , neurologists,neurosurgeons, dentists, anesthetists and otolaryngologists could be aware of this bone anomaly to diagnose this syndrome.

Rubro: Tesis: 1a. XCVI/2018(10a.) Gaceta del Semanario Judicial de la Federación Décima Época 2017755 3 de 35. Primera Sala Libro 57, Agosto de 2018, Tomo I Pag. 1027 Tesis Aislada (Constitucional). , 2019

a) El Derecho a la Identidad y por ende, a la verdad biológica, se ha establecido a favor de las niñas y niños, en consecuencia se convierte en una obligación a cargo de sus progenitores hacerla posible: por lo que no puede dejarse a su libre arbitrio, decidir si cumplen con dicha responsabilidad. b) En base a la Constitución en el articulo 4° Párrafo VII, sobre este derecho mismo consagrado equiparada mente a la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño y en la Ley para la Protección de los Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, por lo que se estableció su jerarquía de derecho fundamental, mencionándose que su importancia solamente en la posibilidad de conocer a los ascendientes, sino en que a partir de dicho conocimiento se podía derivar la nacionalidad del niño, así como el derecho constitucional a que los progenitores satisfagan las necesidades básicas del menor en cuanto a la alimentación, la salud, la educación y el sano esparcimiento.