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Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 2011

Tili M, Giatsis G. The height of the men's winners FIVB Beach Volleyball in relation to specialization and court dimensions. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 504-510, 2011. The purpose of this study was to find and compare the heights of the men FIVB Beach Volleyball winners in relation to their specialization and court dimensions (9×9 m or 8×8 m). The heights of men's winners of all FIVB Beach Volleyball (BV) tournaments held between 1987 and 2010 were recorded. The winners were then split into three groups according to their specialization: Defenders (DE), Blockers (BL) without any specialization (No Specialization -NS). Post-hoc Anova test was conducted to determine if there is difference in the winners' height in relation to their specialization and the court dimensions (9×9 and 8×8). Overall, 91 players from 16 countries have won the 257 FIVB BV tournaments. Of the 257 tournaments, 115 were held in 9×9 courts and 142 in 8×8 courts. Of the winners, 44 were defenders, 38 were blockers and 9 had no specialization. The players of all winning teams in 8×8 courts had specialization. The average height of the winners was 192.7 ± 5.3 cm. The shortest winner was 180 cm and the tallest 206 cm. The one way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences (F (2,88) = 34.071, p<0.001) between the defenders, blockers and no specialization players. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences between the DE (M=189.3, SD=3.7 cm) and BL (M=196.7, SD=4.6 cm), as between BL and the NS (M=192.2, SD=2.5 cm). Also, significant differences were found (F (4,99) = 24.286, p<0.001) between the DE 9x9 , DE 8x8 , BL 9x9 , BL 8x8 and NS. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences (p<0.001) between the DE 9x9 (M=188.6, SD=4.1 cm) and BL 9x9 (M=194.0, SD=3.8 cm), as between DE 9x9 and BL 8x8 (M=198.0, SD=4.1 cm). Furthermore, significant differences were found (p<0.05) between BL 8x8 and BL 9x9 . No significant differences were found (p=0.506) between DE 9x9 , DE 8x8 . Significant difference were found between NS (M=192.1, SD=2.7 cm) and DE 8x8. The independent t-test found significant difference (t (18) =3.215, p<0.01) between the 10 first blockers in victories at 8x8 m (M=199.4, SD=4.1) and 9x9 m (M=193.5, SD=4.1). Overall, regarding player specialization, blockers were taller than defenders in both court dimensions. Although blockers in 8×8 courts were taller than those in 9×9 courts, no significant difference was found in defenders. Smaller court dimensions seem to favored taller players in top level world Beach Volleyball because of the larger importance of blocking and the reduced need for agility. The data at hand certifies the new somatometric requirements for blockers in Beach Volleyball.

2011

Giatsis G, Tili M, Zetou E. The height of the women's winners FIVB Beach Volleyball in relation to specialization and court dimensions. . The purpose of this paper is to record and compare the height of women's winners in FIVB competitions in relation to their specialization and court dimensions (9×9 m and 8×8 m). The heights of 56 winners in 217 tournaments were processed. The winners were split in three groups depending on their specialization: 21 Defenders (DE), 22 Blockers (BL) and 13 without any specialization (No Specialization -NS). The average height of winners was found to be 178.8 ± 6.1cm (min= 165 cm and max=191 cm). The one way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences (F (2,53) = 20.198, p<0.001) between the DE, BL and NS players. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences between the DE (M=173.7, SD=4.9 cm) and BL (M=182.1, SD=5.2 cm), as between DE and the NS (M=181.1, SD=3.2 cm). Also, significant difference was found (F (5,60) = 12.210, p<0.001) between the DE 9×9 , DE 8×8 , BL 9×9 , BL 8×8 , NS 9×9 and NS 8×8 . The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between the DE 9×9 (M=171.8, SD=4.7 cm) and BL 9×9 (M=180.0, SD=2.8 cm), as (p<0.05) between BL 8×8 (M=182.9, SD=5.6 cm) and DE 9×9 (M=173.7, SD=5.1 cm. Also between NS 9×9 (M=179.7, SD=2.3 cm) and DE 9×9. Furthermore, the independent t-test found significant difference (t (18) =2.717, p<0.05) between the 10 first blockers in victories at 8×8 m (M=182.6, SD=5.0) and 9×9 m (M=177.0, SD=4.2). Overall, when considering heights versus specializations, blockers and not specialized players were taller than defenders for both court dimensions. Moreover, the top ten blockers in 8×8 courts were taller than those in 9×9, while defenders had no statistically significant difference. Smaller court dimensions appear to have favored taller players in the FIVB top ten winning teams in Beach Volleyball due to the greatest significance of blocking. But, the importance of agility in defense favored players with such skills and was not depend on height.

2018

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las caracteristicas del saque en voleibol con las nuevas reglas probadas en el primer Campeonato del Mundo Sub 23 Masculino (set a 21 puntos, excluyendo el quinto set; 15 segundos entre puntos). En una muestra de 36 partidos disputados en 123 sets, fueron estudiados 4588 saques. Las variables utilizadas fueron: tipo de saque, calidad del servicio, zona de saque, zona a la que se saca, rol del jugador que saca, la tendencia del marcador en el momento del saque y el resultado final del set. Para el analisis de los datos se utilizo la prueba Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la relacion de las siguientes variables: tipo de saque y rol del jugador que saca (p = .000), tipo de saque y tendencia del marcador (p = .000), calidad del servicio y zona de saque (p = .039), calidad del servicio y rol del jugador que saca (p = .000), calidad del servicio y resultado del set (p = .000), zona de saque y rol del juga...

VOLUME 8 | ISSUE 2 | 2013 | 469 P r o g r a m m e P r o g r a m m e & & B B o o k o o k o f o f A b

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the performance between winning and losing teams in Beach Volleyball (BV) matches on courts of new (8x8m) and old dimensions (9x9m) at the side out phase. Side out in BV means the change of the right to serve Nine semifinals and seven finals of the Hellenic BV Championship taking place at an 8x8m and 9x9m court were video-recorded using a camera. 34 sets and 1466 phases were recorded and the following technical skills were analyzed: a) serve b) reception c) attack. In addition, attack was divided into two categories according to the type of the attack: a) spikes and b) shots. The term effectiveness was established by the ratio determining the total kills minus total errors divided by total attempts. Independent samples t-test was used in order to compare the above mentioned parameters between the winning (? ) and losing (? ) teams at these two different court dimensions (8x8, 9x9). Significant differences were found, t = 3.06, p < .01), in the attack efficiency (M ? 8x8 = .476, SD = .086, M H8x8 = .315, SD = .131), (t (18) = 2.44, p < .05), in the spike efficiency (M ? 8x8 = .479, SD = .162, M H8x8 = .254, SD = .236), in the percentage of errors (M ? 8x8 = .139, SD = .052, M H8x8 = .204, SD = .077), (t (18) = 2.21, p < .05), in the percentage of receptions errors (M ? 9x9 = .09, SD = .043, M ? 9x9 = .032, SD = .029), t (10) = 2.73, p < .05) and in reception (? ? 9x9 = 0.96, SD = 0.03, ? ? 9x9 = 0.90, SD = 0.05), (t (10) = 2.74, p < 0.05).

ISBS-Conference Proceedings …, 2008

ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive, 22 International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports (2004). ...

Journal of Human Sport and Exercise

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of point-scoring plays related to level of set win and in-game role under experimental rules tested at the U23 Men's Volleyball World Championship in Uberlandia, Brazil (21-point set, 15 seconds between points) from the 16th point in the first four sets and the 10th point in the fifth set. The analysis of 1335 points from 123 sets in 36 matches played by 144 males (average age 21.1±1.4 years) focused on in-game role (setter, outside hitter, middle blocker, opposite, libero), final score, finishing point actions (serve-ace, three attack types, three counter attack types, block), set outcome (Win-Lose), and level of set win (Walkover-Balanced-Tough). Pearson's Chi-Square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that the difference in the structure of won and lost points decreased from walkover to balanced to tough sets. Attack-spike and block were the most frequently executed technical elements. Outside-hitter was identified as the in-game role that finished more points, followed by Opposite and Middle blockers. If the tested rules are applied, developing the block, serve and attacks may have greater influence on set outcome in the future.

Advances in Physical Education, 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine jump height and number of jumps during a five-set mock college men's volleyball game using VERT, a jump measurement device. Results were as follows. 1) There was no significant difference in jump height between sets for SJ, TJ, and SPJ. For SJ and BJ, S and OH were significantly higher than MB. For each jump type, approximately 65% to 90% of jumps were at maximum height, suggesting that players did not always perform at maximum output. 2) The number of jumps per set was 12.7-16.3 times for OH, 18.5-23 times for MB, and 23-32 times for S in a 25-point match, and 14.7 times for OH, 15.5 times for MB, and 19 times for S in a 15-point match. 3) There was no drop in maximum reach or vertical jump height at the end of the sets.

2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the performance between winning and losing teams in Beach Volleyball (BV) matches on courts of new (8x8m) and old dimensions (9x9m) at the side out phase. Side out in BV means the change of the right to serve Nine semifinals and seven finals of the Hellenic BV Championship taking place at an 8x8m and 9x9m court were video-recorded using a camera. 34 sets and 1466 phases were recorded and the following technical skills were analyzed: a) serve b) reception c) attack. In addition, attack was divided into two categories according to the type of the attack: a) spikes and b) shots. The term effectiveness was established by the ratio determining the total kills minus total errors divided by total attempts. Independent samples t-test was used in order to compare the above mentioned parameters between the winning (? ) and losing (? ) teams at these two different court dimensions (8x8, 9x9). Significant differences were found, t = 3.06, p < .01), in the attack efficiency (M ? 8x8 = .476, SD = .086, M H8x8 = .315, SD = .131), (t (18) = 2.44, p < .05), in the spike efficiency (M ? 8x8 = .479, SD = .162, M H8x8 = .254, SD = .236), in the percentage of errors (M ? 8x8 = .139, SD = .052, M H8x8 = .204, SD = .077), (t (18) = 2.21, p < .05), in the percentage of receptions errors (M ? 9x9 = .09, SD = .043, M ? 9x9 = .032, SD = .029), t (10) = 2.73, p < .05) and in reception (? ? 9x9 = 0.96, SD = 0.03, ? ? 9x9 = 0.90, SD = 0.05), (t (10) = 2.74, p < 0.05).

A Kaukázustól a Lajtáig. Őze Sándor 60. Szerk. Bank Barbara, Kovács Bálint, Medgyesy S. Norbert. Budapest: L'Harmattan Kiadó, pp. 330-344. , 2023

Saint Stephen, a Christian king The question of how much of Stephen’s character, intentions and, not least, his faith and religiosity can be discerned behind his great political achievements is still a fascinating one. The real historical figure was almost completely obscured by legends written from the end of the 11th century. The memory of the first king over the centuries was identical to the image that had been created in his legends. The two do not necessarily contradict each other, but they are not necessarily identical, even if we know that the legends of the 11th century, such as the legends of Stephen, preserved much more real historical events than later ones. For Stephen, the most extensive group of sources is the recollections of contemporary pilgrims, supplemented by a few comments from chroniclers or lines from one of the king’s charters. The few artefacts associated with Stephen also testify to his deep religious commitment. King Stephen, together with his wife, donated chasubles – probably around 1004 – to the Pope, which was later placed in the cathedral of Metz, and in 1031 to the Chapter of Fehérvár, now known as the coronation mantle. We can turn to the contemporary German ruler, St. Henry II (reigned 1002-1024), who may have embodied the image of the “ideal” Christian ruler for Stephen, for whom he could serve as a model through his family ties. The four-decade reign of our first king justifiably raises the possibility that Stephen’s character and perception changed a great deal during this period, and that he underwent a serious spiritual development and cultural and educational enrichment. However, we see the dynastic, ecclesiastical and political turning points of this period rather than the details of this spiritual process, which were so abundantly revealed in the life of his contemporary and relative, Henry II.