The personality of elemnt ID ego and super ego on emma's character
Isni Annisa S2017
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Literature is usually known as a creative and imaginative human‟s activities. Therefore, sometime literature is established by the authors though the phenomenon of public life, for example in the case psychoanalysis. This psychological problems has a relationship with sychoanalysis approach that focuses on investigating human behavior in their daily lives. Novel Emma by Jane Austen selected by the writer to analyze the psychological and personality problems that is experienced by the main character. This study is aimed to find out two points; 1) knowing the elements id, ego, and super ego and 2) knowing the dominant element that main character. Sigmund Freud‟s theory is used in the study to explain about psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis theory people help people understand the differences in personality and psychiatric, begin from the strange personality to normal personality with id, ego, and super ego. Personality is formed naturally, according to the place where he lived, from the ...
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains the background, statement of problem, purpose of
research, research significance and definition of key terms.
1.1. Background
Literature is usually known as human‟s imaginative and creative activities.
As Luxemburg (1992) says that literature is a creation of human thinking and it is
not an imitation. Therefore, sometimes literature is made by author thought the
phenomenon of society life, for example in psychological. This problem has
relation with human‟s behavior in their lives. One of areas in the study of
psychology is psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis is one of the scientific discipline is developed by Sigmund
Freud. It has relation with mental functioning and development in a man (Brenner
in Minderop, 2010). Moreover, Psychoanalysis refers to conflict of personality
structure that appear from the combination of id, ego, and super ego. According to
Clark as quoted by Minderop (2010), he explains that id shows the true purpose of
the individual organism‟s life to satisfy himself. Meanwhile, Ego takes the
decisions to consider in fulfilling every expectation. And the last is the Super-ego
refers to control human‟s desire or satisfaction. In this case, literature that contains
a psychological phenomenon, the psychological aspects appear thought the
character that is constructed in the story. There is some literature that refers to the
theory psychoanalysis, such as poetry, drama, short stories, novels, etc.
1
One of the novel Emma written by Jane Austen. Jane Austen is known as a
writer of novels in England then in her life, she epidemic came from a small circle
of life in the suburbs of the nobility. During her life Jane Austen‟s trained by her
father and her younger brother in studying. She always read her own books and
optimistic fully supported by his family pushed to become a powerful writer in the
land oh her birth.
This novel tells a main character there is character called Emma
Woodhouse who is protagonist of the novel. In the well-known first sentence of
the novel, the narrator describes Emma as, “Beautiful, clever, and rich, with a
comfortable home and happy disposition.” In some ways, the twenty year old
Emma is mature for her for her age.
Because Emma‟s mother is dead and her older sister married, she is
already the head of her father‟s household. She cares for her father and oversees
the social goings-on the village of Highbury. Emma‟s misplaced confidence in her
abilities as a matchmaker and her prudish fear of love constitute the central focus
of novel, which traces Emma‟s mistake and growing self understanding.
According to George (1916) novel is a genre of fiction. Fiction is defined
as the art or craft of contriving through the written word representation of human
life that instruct or divert or both. The various forms that fiction may take are best
seen less as a number of separate categories then as a continuum or more
accurately a cline, with some such brief form as the anecdote of one and of the
scale and the longest conceivable novel it other. Fiction also that drawing in the
human life use writer.
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When any piece of fiction is long enough to constitute a whole of a book, then it
may be said to have achieved novel hood. But this state admits of its own
quantitative categories so that a relatively brief novel may be a novella.
Character is important element in fiction. Character is one aspect in
literature that can create a story become illusion of reality and represent idea or
feeling to make readers or viewers knows and understands. Character in the novel
relate to human in real life then related with condition everyone for activities.
In the novel character divided into two protagonist and antagonist.
Protagonist is identical with all the good character inside the actors which had
been chosen and created by the author. According to Altenberd and Lewis (1966)
that protagonist is a character who is admired by the readers, which always called
as a hero because he always does ideal role and follows the rules and value in the
society. The reader often give sympathy to the protagonist characters.
The character shows hope and value can be supposed as protagonist
character. Yet, sometimes there is character who does not give us the morality
value. Luxemburg (1992) says antagonist is the opposite character of protagonist
either physically and psychologically.
The antagonist character usually causes conflict for protagonist. Although
there is other thing such as disaster, accident environment and society, social rules
moral value and author it can cause conflict but if it not done by a character, they
are called antagonist force. According to Abram (1991):
“Character are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are
interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, Intellectual, and
emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons Say and their distinctive
way of saying it the dialogue and from what they do the action.”
3
Stanton (1965) said character is commonly used in two ways. The first is
that character designates the individuals who appear in the story. The second is
that character refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotions, and moral
principles that makes up each of these individuals.
The researcher takes some references as previous studies on this research.
The first researcher downloads a Journal by Indiani (2013) “Character Disorder in
Marry Shelly‟s Frankeinsten” who explained about character Victor who has a
disorder character because he grows up, he becomes an antisocial, ambitious and
he success in creating human being by combining science and magic. The second
researcher download to journal by Nurs syam (2003) “The element of Id, Ego, and
Super Ego ‟Laura‟ in Tennesse William‟s Drama „The Glass Menagerie”. Who
explain approach theory psychoanalysis that main character Laura with use Id,
Ego, and Super Ego by Freud.
1.2. Statement of Problem
Some based on the background above, appear some of problems that can
be statement thought question as follows:
1. How are Id, Ego, and Super Ego signified on Emma Character?
2. What is dominant elements and its influence on the shaping of Emma
Character?
4
1.3. Research Objectives
The researcher has considered, the paper needs an aim and real utility as
the part of beneficial science analysis in accordance with dictum that Specific
purpose of this research is as follows:
1. To find id, Ego, and Super Ego in Emma Character.
2. To know Emma character based on the dominant influence of Id, Ego,
and Super Ego.
1.4. Research Significance
The Purpose from this research about Emma Novel by Jane Austen
analysis with Theory Psychoanalysis is:
Academically, for to develop stronger science and learning theory use by
Sigmund Freud is Theory Psychoanalysis in this research explain Main
character with use theory Psychoanalysis.
In generally, for to be in the reference material to make, literary criticism,
and is useful for everyone, especially the students can make the material in
the study and examine the theory of Psychoanalysis in Novel of literary.
1.5. Definition of Key Term
To avoid misconception in conceiving the terms in this research, the
researcher makes clarification of key terms to explain some words:
1. Character: character is part of the intrinsic or structure in literature because
character representation of story for the readers. (Endaswara: 179)
5
2. Psychoanalysis: Psychoanalysis is theory help people to understand the
differences in personality and psychiatric, begin from the strange personality
to normal personality. (Freud:07)
3. Id, it operates the request of the pleasure principle. The energy of its impulse
always commands to immediately satisfy, the discontented of it will neurosis
disturbances. (Storr 1991:71-73)
4. Ego, it is outside skin of Id. It operates based on reality principle and limited
by social reality, hence, it has authority to suspend spontaneous respond from
outside incident or impulse from inside or adaption. (Storr 1991:71-73)
5. Super Ego, it is strongly related to Id and Ego. It is formed with the ideal
image of its culture, its norms, and its value. Which come from father‟s power.
Repressiveness, and its genuine-experienced, superiority, which surround
since the person infant, and it is carriet into adult age. ( Storr 1991:71-73).
1.6. Organization of Writing
In this research, writer using five chapter of writing, there are chapter one
until chapter five. In chapter one, the writer will describe about introduction as the
background of the research. In chapter two, the writer will describe about the
theories as conceptual framework theory by Sigmund Freud. In the chapter three,
the writer will describe and write about methods of research that will use in this
thesis paper. In the chapter four, the writer will discuss and explain about data,
analysis data and also discussion. And the last chapter in chapter five, the writer
will explain about conclusion and suggestion.
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