The moral development of forgiveness

3 / h" g" " " " il y . . I, " I i. " tl. . c T l. T o h a . Tl o · 1 . O1 .. 1 h. p " " 1 b . I. Nc , d . s ho u l d g o j . ' I1h . Pp , O p , I . \ . " . I. ' i . " 9 tls 5 . " I l i cc s . l h, c hi ld f p" I. " S\ c , ! . I1 u o D e v e lo p m x : : :: e n t o f s , f R Ro b e r t D E n r ig h t d t h e H u m a n De v a n e lo pm e n t St u d y G r o u p " A B S T R A CT d f i g h p h il o s o p h e r s h a v e a r g u e d t h e d i l l e r e n t i a l m e D t s o j u s t c e a n m e r c y F o r g i v e: n e s s a s h h v e e m p h a s i z e d j u s t ic e i l a h l s e a r c e r r e s o o c a s c g p y a s p e c i f i c a pp l i c a t i o n o f m e r c y i s d e s c r i h e d i n t h i s c h a p t e r T h e l u c u s i s o n t h e o n e w h o to r i v e s n o t o n t h e o n e s e e k i n g : o r g i v e n e s s Fo r g i v e n e s s i s d e f i n e d A l t ho ro u r c e n tu rie s as a g h) r s w co m pa s s io e n t b y v ie w i n g [ h c w r o n g d o e r g d o e r s c o n s i d e r a h le i n j u s t i c e mt » ] e T h e c o n c e pt o r fo r g i v e n e s s i s t r a c e d f r o m i t s t h e o l o g i c a l o r i g i n s to d a y p h i l o s o p h i e s T w o p s y c h o l o g i c a l m o d e l s n f f o r g i v e n e s s a r e l h e n d e x c r i lw d : a 1t i x c l a i n l c d t h a i t l e v e lo n u : n t a l a n d a so c i a l p r o c e s s i n g m o d e l so c ia l he r e w ith e a r in n a n g or d lo n e ve ga t iv e a f h: c t i n t he hi c e an n r d a j u d gm w ro n cogni i ve p f o r g i v e n e s s c a n b e a n e f fe c t i v e p r o b le m s o l v i n g s t r a t e g y i n r e l e a s i n g a n g e r a n d j o i n i n g a g a i n i n c o m m u n i t y w i t h t h e o l he r p e r s o n R a n dy b e t r a y e d Fr e d F r e d de e p l y h u r t s m o st m u st n o w p u b l i s h e d p h i l o s o p h ie s o f m e r se d i n u he a t e d d e h a tc con in t im a ce s e c r e t d e c id e n ic t one s o w n on his r e so lu t io n r e s po n s e he w ou W ld e re Fre d to so o n c o n s u l t t he l i n d h im se ll k p r i a t e r e s po n s e F r e d m a y s e e j u s t i c e i n w h i c h h e a u e m p t s t o o b j e c t i v e l y a s s e s s t h e f a i r s o l u r i o n T h e q u e s t I Or f ai r ness o u l d l e a d F r e d i n t o s u c h i s s u e s a s p u n i s h m e n t r e s t i 1u t i o n a n d e v e n a h o u t t h e m o s t a pp r o h i s gr ou p co n s i st s . n al ph . Inï i ca l or dc r . f Ra d h i Al - a b u k , . Mc l a c . Nm y , ° . d i tau S u z a n n e F r e . D° , n Sa n d , a G o ld e n Jo h n l t c b l T i n a I I · . N g Y o u n g h c e O h Pa r k K i m p , C N c ï b s i d o , O S s . Ri · 2 18 Scanned by CamScanner ° po . la s 2 19 :. . An d Scanned by CamScanner th and n it iv e o i v e n e s s i n v o l v e s t h e a f :e c t i v c c g r e a l iz e t h a t fo r g ple x w h e n w e h a c te d f r o m t r u s e r a t s n l e m e e fo r g iv e s c e r ta i n b e h a v i o r a l s y s t e n 1s W h e n o n e ' Re s e n m i c n l s a d n e s s ' " co m / ¢ 0// <!Jii!t/ /j<i//i : . . : o rg iv is de m l in , er the o n stra He br e w a g 1 : go p e b y u n c o n d i r io n a l ly d r a w i n g t he o t he r i n l o v e A s lo v e is a n a d d i t io n o r e l e m e n t s t o a : f e c t ( o s it i v e P l e e l i n g s ) c o g n i t i o n ( p o s i r iv e t h o u h t s ) a n d b e h a v i o r (g i v i n g b a c k [ o o r s e r v in g g t h e c o m m u n i t y ) ( s e e M a r k 12 : 30 3 1 1 C o r i n t h i a n s 13 ) 1n c o n t r a s t t o t h e ; T m u d i c d i r e c t i v e Th e C h r i s t i a n m u s t n o l s t e a l i m it o n t h e n u m be r o r t i m e s he or t h e e x t e n d s f o r g i v e n e s s ( M a u h e w 18 : 2 1 ) A s i n Je w i s h t e a c h i n g s t he : o r g i v e n i s r e s t o r e d to a s e n s e o r p e a c e T h e f o r g i v e r 1o o e v e n [ u a [l y e x p e D e n c e s e a c e p (G a l a t i a n s 5 : 2 2 ) 1 in c o m m u n ity 1 , P h i lo m s o p hy a n 19 8 4 ) ore ' fo I. IH . rm . [c ° . Ns e i p ar ï i c u l - Q· - Gt m . p. . G o d A Th h 1· r i v c s . Rr · " g p l . . Is o ' " 0 l o r i v e 0 g 4 2 4 0 ) F. R i g . c t. ' " t " ci . g ï' " " " " " ' m t" " ' pe r · . T h, ° n rc . m. w Ns Ha s r ° ' " ' 3 : 1 34 ) G o d . " pc r Iu . . " . be i n g I. Rc r p , c 1, Pc n nn' v pe r h a p s :o r g iv . . Br I. I U . " , ' " l o g iv e u p . Sc ' " d fro m m . . Rr ' " I " . Cn 1 M° GM l i . ° ° . . Tl . ' " pu n bc h . i s h. v jo r a t . m , ( Sc h h . ysl c . m a k in c r to e x w a o n tr u e c pe r i e n c e b o t h i n tha t in h su c ra l as w qu a e j o in ill in gn e s s to o v e rtu re s g i l l d e pe n d o v e r tu re s w is t he r e re a ln r l ra the r d h g hts e m e r ge [u w a r t c o ie w i n g h i m r e s pc c [ f u l l y a s a m o u lo in d ir e c r io n e r re le a s e a n d w v in g e c o m m u n de s e I n t he w it h t h c 19 8 1) Su c h ity (A u g sb u r ge r n l l (S m 198 po t e n t i a l fo r [ hc h e a l e t l r e l a t io n s h i p ( A u g s h u r g e r t he o thc r ha n ge in is h i n g he r n n in g ha m l (C u a T he r e is t he 19 8 1 ) T he l o : I q n bc de e pe n e d can w i l h t h e f o ll o w i n g 10 p o i n t s : n a \ f o r g i v e n e s s i s b e t w e e n p e o p l e n o t be t w e e n a pe r s o n a n d a n bj e c t ( K o l n a i 19 7 3 7 4 ; L a m b e r t 19 8 5 ; M u r p h y 19 82 ; S m e d e s d o e s n o t : o r g i v e t or nadoes o r n o o d s T h e w i l l i n g n e s s t o j o i n a g a i n I n te r pe r s o 1 in a n im a g o i n g d e f 1n i [ i o re ate o 19 8 4 ) O n e c o m m u n i t y w i t h a t o m a d o m o s t c e r t a i n l y w o u ld b c a b s e n t K o l n a i :o r g i v e n e s s o n ly t o i n [ e r p e r s o n a l e q u a l s A w o r k e r t h e n c o u l d n o l i s t o o r e s t Dc t i v e t hc b o s s T h i s i n o u r v i e w i n lo v i n g r e s tri c ts f o r gi v e :】 2 F o r g i v e n e s s f o l lo w s a d e e p pe r s o n a l l o n g l a s t i n g i n j u r y o r h u n f r o m t h e p e r s o n T h c i n j u r y 1n i g h l b e p s y c h o l o g i c a l c m o r i o n a l p h y s i c a l o r 19 8 8 ; 19 8 2 ; M u r p h y & ] Ba m p t o n ra l ( K o l n a i I t) 7 3 7 4 ; M u r p h y o t he r Sm e de s 19 8 4 ) In rea l l i fe , de e p i n j u r y m i gh t i n v o lv e a ll u r thc h c are as a t Is be p e r s o . . 55 Rj , Fo r g i v n a l ; t h is [ h c r e :o r c er l u t le s (: x c Du [o o m a n es n ot y so u rce s o f hu fo r g i v e t hc N a z i s ro rt W r t he c c la im [h a t thc H o lo c a u s t in j u r y u n ie : h he o r s Th e , c ' d a n m o Ta. rk s ^ t ho e o t he r : d Ps y c h o lo g y l n t e r pe r s o n a l f o r i v e n e s s r f e e r s t o o n e pe r so n fo r iv in g g g a n o 1h e r n o t t o t h e d e i t y h u m a n r e l a t i o n s hi o r t o o n e gr o u p p fo r giv in g a n o t he r A b r i e f d e :i n i t io n d r a w n PD n c i a l l b u t n o t e x c lu s i v e l p y y f r o m N o n h ( ] 9 8 7 ) i s t h i s : Fo r i v e n e s s i s g t he o v e r c o m i n g o r n e ga t i v e a f f e c t a n d j u d g m e n t to w a r d t h e o f fe n d e r n o t by d e n y i n g o u r s e l v e s t he r i h 1 l h o s u f c a f e c t a n d j u d m e n t Bu 1 b g g y e n d e a v o r in g to v i e w t h e o ff e n d e r w i t h c o m a s s io n be n e v o le n c e a n d lo v e w hil p e r e c o g n iz in g t h a i hc o r t he h a s a b a n do n e d t he r i h t ï o t he m T he de f i n i t io n b e c o m e s g m Po s i t i v be h a v i o ! In s ig h t s f r o 12 7 T O F FO R G IV E N E S S M O RA L D EV E L O P M E N 3 is s u r v iv o rs u . s c' " . . " d b y i g· Gi v c n c . s bc " " " " cc n o \ si. s ' " " s: ' Rr c . Cr y n ' " a . 1h . . Ss c n r i . " ! n atu re o f . Su prc m · 3 ïn by t he o u r v ie w one o t he o ffe n de d f fe n s e is an o bje c t i v e K a h r h o f l ( 19 8 8 ) i n 22 2 22 3 Scanned by CamScanner rea l it y c o n tr a s t n o t 1n c r e c la im s ly Ev a pe r c e p t i o n e r y th in g tha t Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner View publication stats