vakhtang songulashviliRelated papers
აფხაზეთის (საქართველოს) ისტორიის საკითხები
Issues of the history of Abkhazia (Georgia) , 2018
‘Siyasa ni Tʰanga si Nanga’ Mwangwi wa Funzo la Kisiyasa na Azimiyo la Abd̪ilat̪if Abd̪alla Kifungoni: Ut̪afit̪i Kiyelelezo wa Kutendana Katika Sauti ya Dhiki
East African Journal of Swahili Studies, 2020
Shairi la Kutendana katika Sauti ya Dhiki limechanganuliwa, mpaka sasa, kwa maono ya juujuu kwamba ni shairi la kingono. Kut̪okana na hit̪imisho hili, Mulokozi amelipuuza kuwa ni shairi lililokosa ubingwa wa kuenreleza maudhui muhimu yanayotatiza jamii. Makala haya yamebayanisha shairi hili kuwa ni fumbo la kisiyasa. Kwa kutumiya madhumuni ya ulingamanishaji wa fasiri ya matukiyo halisi ya kisiyasa katika Kenya wakat̪i huwo na shairi lenyewe; azimiyo la Abd̪ilat̪if katika shairi lenyewe na namna lilivofikiwa; na namna azimiyo hilo lilivoathiri msimamo wake wa kisiyasa baad̪a ya kut̪oka kifungoni, tumeweza kuibuwa maswala muhimu kuhusu maisha ya Abd̪ilat̪if kabla, wakat̪i wa, na baad̪a ya kut̪oka kifungoni. Nadhariya ya Usemezano yenye kud̪ulisha maana kut̪okana na usuli, athari, na mwingiliyano wa kauli nyingi katika mat̪ini na Uhistoriya Mpya yenye kut̪owa fasiri ya matukiyo ya kihistoriya nrizo nadhariya zilizotumika katika uchanganuzi wetu. Kauli mbalimbali zilizojit̪okeza katika...
Masīrah al-Ḥajj wa Ta‘thīruhā ‘ala al-Taṭawwur al-Islāmī fī al-Qarnayn al-Tāsi‘ ‘Ashr wa al-‘Ishrīn fī Indūnīsīyā
Studia Islamika, 2014
İbn Haldun Ve Machi̇avelli̇’De Si̇yaseti̇n Ni̇teli̇ği̇: Karşilaştirmali Bi̇r Doğu-Bati Anali̇zi̇
Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi, 2015
Historical texts from the Swahili coast (part 2)
2012
Upper Pokomo Asili va. Mi'okomu (Origin of the Pokomo), recorded by M, D, J. Ja.rha. from an elder in Kitere vill~ E M~okomu ~lcy'a.j3a. na ShUllgW'a.ya.. E ma.na ~a,S!;a.ramieo na. Shungwa.ya. mpa.ka. kuno ni The Pokomo come from ShungW'9.ya.. The reason why they ran from Shungwa.ya. to here is kwamba. ~a.da.rama Ga.j3irha. na Ka.ra.;}i. E ~anthu ~a.no ~a.kiywa.na. ne Mphomomu na. that they-ran from Somalis and Orma., The(se) people were attacking Pokomo and Koshoro. ~a. e Mphokomu ne Koshoro ~a,larama. Mijikenda('people who live in the wilderness•). So the Pokomo and Mijikenda ran kuyaf3a na Shungwaya ili ~a.kajifiche bia. ingini ili ~aseya.gwa. ~a.kifika kuno and left Shungwa.ya to hide themselves place other to be not killed. Reaching here kwe chana ye ma.ro e Mphokomu ~asaa. E Koshoro ~enda usoni, kwa kwamba e maisha. at river of' Tana the Pokomo stayed, The Mijikenda went ahead, because the life ya.o ni maisha ya badani. E chana ye ma.ro ilikna kwe Mphokomu ambao e maisha their is life of wilderness, River of Tana was good for Pokomo, whose life yao ni maisha ya kuima, Nde mana ambao e Mphokomu ~asaa kuno ehana, ao e their is life of farming. It is reason why Pokomo stayed here at the river, but the Koshoro ~enda usoni. La.kini e asili yao ni kwamba ~oba.da ~aya~a na bia mo;}a. Mijikenda went ahead, But the origin their is that all they come from one place. Upper Pokomo .!. Fume Liongo, recorded by Mr. Ja.rha from the same elder ' Fume Liongo a.likuwa munthu ywa ~ito. Alikuwa mufa.lume ywa ~ito, E ~a.ka_ii avyaiyweo Fumo Liongo was person of Wi~~. He vas chief of Wi~~. The time when he was na aki_ia$ali ha.ukumanyikana, mana havikuwa na kuan_9.ika e ~aka_ii ude. Fume Liongo born and ruled is not known, because there was no writing at that time, Fumo Liongo alikuwa muku!u munene na mwenye nguvu nyingi sana. Kama.nya kupiga.na sana, Alikuwa was huge, stout, and very strong. He knew to fight well. He was sujaha ywa kutumia uha na nchha.le. Ka.j3a muka.li mumpha.ka e ma 1 a.<!ui ~akwe ~afikiri skilled in using bow and a.J:rows. He was fierce so that enemies his thought kwamba nkhanafwa kaf>isa, na fla.la ntharl kinthu kya kumuyaga, Kva hivyo e tha.t he will not die completely, and there is nothing to kill him. Therefore the ma 1 a.<!ui ~akwe ~amuhuma e mwana ywa Fume Liongo amuuze ise kwamba ni kinthu ga enemies his sent-him the son of Fume Liongo to ask his father that it is thing what kya.j3eza kumuyaga. E ise ka.ra.ra kwamba e mwa.na ywakwe kahumwa na ma•at!ui ~akwe, Kwa can kill him. The father found that child his was sent by enemies his, Therehivyo kamvamba. e mwa.."la. ywa.kwe; 'N~va kwamba kuhumva ili nikwambie e kinthu fore he told the son his , 'I know that you are sent so that I tell you the thing kyaniaga ili uniage. La.kini ha.kona nifwa, ia.de iangu ilie kuzikwa a.j3e unazikwa that kills me so you may kill me, But if I die, there my being buried will be where e mbego. .Ami, lilima _iu ya~eza ika.niaga, Kona kuha.ya lilima you will be buried at my side. For me, needle alone can kill me. If you take needle \ DEREKNURSE Elwana : story told by schoolboy to Norman Townsend Eye ni mamasa ya jarsa ya wailwana ana izicho limoza. Siku moza ja.rsa eye a.peja. This is story of old man of Elwana. he has eye one Day one old man this wanted kocha mudura.. Atana. moka eye wa. dura., a.mwabya a.teni, 'Uwe sa.sa uja.rie ia.uwa.kuj3ia.la, to marry girl.He called wife his first told her-that 'You now have aged you cannot kwa hivYO emi nimukupejeni moka oge 1 • Ja.r,!i eye a.mwa.bya. a.j<eni, 1 Lola. uwe bear again, therefore I will marry wife other'. Old woman told him tha.t,'Look to mwenye'. Ja.rsa eye a.ma.maj<a kwa. sin §;a.j<o, siku ya. nna a.mujibu moka. weye a.j<eni, yourself',Old man thought for days three, day fourth he replied to his wife that, 1 Elni sa.sa. ni mutaya.ri kocha 1 , Eda a'a.limia. mudura.. Mudura iyo a.mu,;a.a.ma a.kaf'ai sana, 1 I now am ready-to marry', He-went talked to girl, Girl this liked him much very, maa.na yaye jarsa eye ni tajiri (duruma), Mudura amwa.bya. ateni, 1 Emi ni~iazilwe, kwa. because he old man is rich. Girl told him that , 'I am ready to be hivYO gha.ya. kwa. wa.zee wemi 1 , Na iyele era a.muri ya. mudura., aghaya. kwa. wazee na. mru:ried so go to parents my'• And he obeyed order of girl, he went to parents and wa.mu.;a.a.ma, Jarsa eye yaga.lela. nyubeni. a.gheghela. mele, Aola sokari, gunia lya. they liked him, Old man returned home prepared body, He bought ~. sack of biridha, korma. ngobe, mochozi wa. biridha., ji~ica. ngozi ya. mikaha., na. maghuo ya. rice , bull cow , sauce of rice , ram sheep for seventh wedding day, and wa.inao. Isana. alika. dagha wa.koza. har11sini w~ine. EJ!a. clothes for mother her. Then he invited people they come to wedding to dance, He went aherimelwa. Dagha wa.furahi a.kaf'a.i sana. Baaaa. ya siku tolba, ocha moka. waye was m~-ried. People rejoiced ~~eh Yer.y= After of days seven! he married wife his aga.lela mozeni kwaye. Jarsa. eye na. mudura. oyo wasia.kuj3ia.la yita farha, wa.zaza returned to village his, Old man and girl this bore children many, they filled moze. Mamasa na diera.di na g~~adi. village. Story be short and long, It is certain that phonetic details o:f' this passage are incomplete. ' ¥~iini: proverbs~ 1, ~a ya mtaana maneeno, ya ~ungaana shteendo, Custom of slave(is)tal k, of the free man(is)actio n, 2. A£:.ui mpeen.£e. Love yOUI' enemy. 3, Ah~i ni ~eeni ka munt'u nayo ~iini. Promise is debt for person with religion, 4, Mama yaa nvub ni mawiingu (also ~a.±Hd. for a±ama) Sign of rain is clouds. 5. Aaxibi ha'iwo±i, Reserve does-not•-ro t, 6, Axi±i ni maa±i. Intelligence is wealth. 7. Axi±i niingi hubasha ma' arifa, l'mch wealth loses understandin g, 8, Ba'a&a ya dii.xi ni fa.raji. (also ba'a&a.a for ba'a~a ya) After hardship is relief. 9. Babaa nk 1 a.a.mbo si baaba.. (also waawa for baaba) Stepfather is not father, lO,Barej;.o mp '=da hapaandi farasi, Person-used-to donkey does-not-mou nt horse, ll.Chaako chiwovu si cha muunt•u chisuura. Your bad (thing) is not (that) of good person, 12,Cha±a chimooyi hach~li nt'a.wa. One finger does-not-ki ll louse, HISTORICAL TEXTS FROM THE COAST (PART 11) 25. Habba na habb:i huyeza shkaba. Little and little fills small-bucket. 26. Haraka haraka nt 1 aina baraka. HUiry hUITY has-not blessing. 27. Hutio mwaana kula ndie hul6. (also hulo ndie for ndie nu16) He-who-fears (for) child (to) cry is he-who-cries. 28. Ichawakoo nia yikoo n~i±a. (also huwako for yikoo) Where-there-i s will there-is way. 29. Ina i suura huwaza nuumba. Good name brightens house. 30, Kaafiri xiinf6 ni xeeri kolko islamu she xiinfa. 47 Infidel who-is-of-use-to-you is better than Muslim who is of-no-use-toy ou. 31. Kamaa we chiwona chiint'u chiza kuh~a chiint'u haixupati chiint'u. If you see something, if you refuse to-say anything, you-get nothing, 32, Kaazi isho shpiimo mwiishowe hulanya waant 1 u, Work that-has-no measure in-the-end causes-to-fig ht people, 33. Kiwa kuwa be±ee n~i±a n~iyoo n~i±a. To-know that you-have-lost the-path, that-is the-path. 34. Kula hendo Uu kuzimu hashkomi, hishkila. Everything that-goes up doesnt-arrive , it-comes-down. 35. Kula mooyi huvuna yaa ye yaazU6. Each one harvests what he has-sown. 36. Limi nt 1 alina mwishpa. Tongue has-not bone. Riddles 1. Chiiko laa.kini hichiwoni. 'It is there •out one does not see it'. Lkosi. 'Nape of the neck'. 2. Chint'u chimooyi huza.*oo mia. 'One thing which gives birth to a hundred'. Awuuri. 'The seed'. 3. !a~a haa.ko masku mazima bi~a maf!a na l!aambi. 'A lamp which burns all night Mwezi wa wee~u. 'The moon•. without oil or wick'. 4. Ha.*aa.*i wa.*a ha'ineendi, uko naxu±angala tu.'It doesn't sleep or walk, it is just there look;,,. at you 1 • Piicha. 'A pictUTe 1 •-'"0 5. Hujoowa huja huja hujoowa. 1-ip 1 aamp 1 a. 'It is eaten, it eats: it eats, it is eaten' 'A shark'. 6. Lkaambal.a nii lil.e laa.kini halxaa£iri xfunga skunyi. 'The rope is long, bit it 'A road'. cannot tie firewood' • 7. N_:!<ungiini kaa.ka kata hayiingili, 'In my water jar a ladle does not enter 1 • N}.'upa. 'Bottle'. B. lluundawa ni mkul.u, laakini mavunoye hayayezi lkusi. 'My farm is big, but its harvest does not fill the hand'. Mashuungi. 9. Nk'ukuwa zazil.e miwaani. Ananaasi. 'Hair'. 'My hen has laid among thorns'. 1 Pineapple 1 • 10. Polpol.oo mbil.i hugudhba!oo wowi. 'Two areca nuts which cross a river'. Maa!o. 'Eyes•. ll. Saa'aya nt'aixsimama nt'angu itila lfuungul,6. '!1y watch never stopped since it aooyo (or, qalbi) 'The heart'. was wound up 1 ~ 12. Si humkasa laa.kini hachimwoni. 'We hear him but we do not see him' Soo!i• 'The voice'.
Kajian Pustaka Asesmen Status Kondisi Ekosistem Mangrove
SRIWIJAYA BIOSCIENTIA, 2020
vaxtang sonRulaSvili
XVIII saukunis qarTl-kaxeTisa da
Tanamedrove saqarTvelos centraluri
xelisufleba
(SedarebiTi analizi)
gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi 2011
UDC (uak) 94(479.221.1|2)+342.36(479.221.1|2)
+342.51(479.22)+328.1(479.22)
s_677
naSromSi qarTuli naratiuli wyaroebis,
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebisa da mdidari samecniero literaturis gaTvaliswinebiT Seswavlilia
XVIII saukunis
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebis (mefe, darbazi) organizaciis, ufleba-movaleobis sakiTxebi. SedarebiTi analizis gamoyenebiT warmodgenilia dRevandeli saqarTvelos konstituciis safuZvelze
prezidentis, parlamentisa da mTavrobis marTvagamgeobis funqciebi. naCvenebia am ori epoqis saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi samarTlebrivi
kulturis TvalsazrisiT. naSromi gaTvaliswinebulia specialistebisa da mkiTxvelTa farTo
sazogadoebisaTvis.
redaqtori: iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori g. l o b J a n i Z e
recenzenti: iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori l. a d e i S v i l i
©
v. sonRulaSvili, 2011
gamomcemloba `universali~, 2011
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-9941-17-311-0
2
Sinaarsi
winaTqma .....................................................................................................4
Sesavali....................................................................................................9
Tavi pirveli. centraluri xelisuflebis
organizaciis sakiTxi ................................................................20
§1. mefe.........................................................................................20
§2. prezidenti .....................................................................47
Tavi meore. centraluri xelisuflebis
sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli
struqturebi ........................................................................................70
§1. darbazi ..............................................................................70
§2. parlamenti .....................................................................87
§3. mTavroba ...........................................................................119
daskvna .................................................................................................. 139
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura................145
reziume inglisur enaze .........................................................151
3
winaTqma
Tanamedrove etapze, saxelmwifoebrivi da
samarTlebrivi institucionaluri ganviTarebis
fonze, rodesac mimdinareobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi struqturebisa da organoebis
daxvewa-srulyofa, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
eniWeba centraluri xelisuflebis organizaciis sakiTxis gaSuqebas.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelo saukuneebis
manZilze warmoadgenda monarqiuli mmarTvelobis qveyanas, sadac aRniSnuli saxelmwifoebrivi
wyobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sistema arsebobda.
qarTuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi, romlebmac Cvenamde moaRwia, ZiriTadad ganviTarebuli
da gviani feodalizmis xanas ganekuTvneba. maTi
gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba, rogorc
centraluri, aseve adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
funqciebis gansazRvra.
XVIII saukune erT-erTi rTuli da mravalmxrivi periodia saqarTvelos istoriaSi, rogorc politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis TvalsazrisiT, aseve samarTlebrivi
viTarebiTac. XVIII saukunis qarTuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis gaTvaliswinebiT gamovyaviT
ori etapi: 1. XVIII saukunis I naxevari, rodesac
qveyana iranisa da osmaleTis gavlenis qveSaa
da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi Warbobs aRmosav4
luri samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tanamdebobebi da saxelwodebebi da 2. XVIII saukunis II
naxevari _ evropul sistemaze morgebuli Tanamdebobebis SemoReba da saxelmwifoebrivi reorganizaciis mTeli rigi movlenebi.
TiToeuli qarTuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglis
Seqmna dakavSirebuli iyo qveynis saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobiT gamowveul mZime socialur-ekonomikur da politikur viTarebasTan,
ramac gansazRvra maTi samarTlebrivi daniSnuleba. centraluri xelisuflebis gaZlierebis
da qveyanaSi wesrigis damyarebis mizniT saWiro
iyo mmarTvelobis sistemis srulyofa da praqtikaSi danergva.
rogorc aRvniSneT, XVIII saukunis qarTlkaxeTi monarqiuli wyobis saxelmwifoa, romlis
saTaveSi dgas erTpirovnuli mmarTveli _ mefe.
monarqiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli principis Tanaxmad mefoba memkvidreobiTia. qarTl-kaxeTis mefe
sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas
axorcielebda `darbazis~ meSveobiT, sadac gaerTianebuli iyvnen centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi. `darbazi~
mefis TavmjdomareobiT ganixilavda yvela saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxs da TiToeuli dadgenileba mefis TanxmobiT miiReboda.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis da saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis
5
Semdeg saqarTvelos pirveli piri gaxda prezidenti. 1995 wlis konstituciis Tanaxmad, ki saqarTvelo oficialurad gamocxadda saprezidento respublikad. gansxvavebiT XVIII saukunis
qarTl-kaxeTis samefosagan, dReisaTvis saqarTvelo warmoadgens saprezidento respublikas.
rogorc cnobilia, saprezidento respublika xasiaTdeba prezidentis udidesi roliT qveynis marTvaSi. misi demokratiulobis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi niSania qveynis pirveli piris arCeviTobis principi. mmarTvelobis am formis Rirsebas warmoadgens is, rom prezidenti gvevlineba
eris simbolod. mmarTvelobis es forma ganapirobebs politikur stabilurobas, rasac didi
mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelosTvis.
saxelmwifos marTvaSi prezidentis roli
asaxulia konstituciiT miniWebul prezidentis
uflebamosilebaSi. gansxvavebiT
mefis uflebebisgan, romelic xelSeuxebeli figura iyo da
yvela mniSvnelovani saxelmwifoebrivi masStabis sakiTxi misi TanxmobiT da monawileobiT
wydeboda. dRes prezidenti Tavis qmedebebze pasuxs agebs. agreTve, sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas igi axorcielebs parlamentis meSveobiT,
xolo aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas_mTavrobis
saSualebiT.
parlamenti xelisuflebis danawilebis sistemaSi xelisuflebis e.w. sakanonmdeblo gan6
Stoebas miekuTvneba da misi ZiriTadi da umTavresi funqcia swored sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaa. garda amisa, saxelmwifo
biujetis miRebisa da misi Sesrulebis kontrolis meSveobiT parlamenti ganagebs saxelmwifo
xazinas, agreTve, akontrolebs aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis saqmianobas. parlamenti aris
xalxis warmomadgeneli, gamoxatavs mis nebas da
moqmedebs misi saxeliT.
rac Seexeba mTavrobas, is saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis, qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ganxorcielebas da pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos prezidentisa da parlamentis winaSe.
gansxvavebiT XVIII saukunis qarTl-kaxeTis
samefosagan, dReisaTvis saqarTvelos xelisufleba danawilebulia sxvadasxva struqturebs
Soris. Tu XVIII saukuneSi mefe sakanonmdeblo
da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas `darbazis~
meSveobiT
axorcielebda,
XXI
saukunis
dasawyisis saqarTveloSi es funqciebi parlamentsa da mTavrobas Soris aris ganawilebuli.
dRevandeli saqarTvelosa da XVIII saukunis centraluri xelisuflebis SedarebiTi analizis warmoCena qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
aqtualur sakiTxs warmoadgens. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi
mimdinareobs
saxelmwifoebrivi
7
mniSvnelobis reformebi, rac evropul sistemaze morgebas iTvaliswinebs. XVIII saukene aseve
gamoirCeva reformebis simravliT, rac dakavSirebulia vaxtang VI-is da erekle II-is saxelebTan.
8
Sesavali
xelisuflebis arsi moicavs or urTierTdakavSirebul aucilebel komponents _ xelisufalsa da xelqveiTs. masSi unda vigulisxmoT,
rogorc calkeuli individi, aseve socialuri
jgufi, klasi, eri, anu is, vinc axorcielebs xelisuflebas da is, vis mimarTac xorcieldeba
igi. ar arsebobs pirveli meoris gareSe da piriqiT. aRniSnuli Tanaarseboba qmnis xelisuflebiT urTierTobaTa erTobliobas, romlis
zogadi arsi erTis meoreze _ xelisuflebis
xelqveiTebze zemoqmedebaa. aqedan gamomdinare,
xelisuflebas mxolod maSin aqvs adgili, roca
erTs brZanebis ufleba gaaCnia, meores ki misi
Sesrulebis valdebuleba.
Tanamedrove epoqaSi xelisufleba realizdeba saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis meSveobiT, misi
organoebis mizanmimarTuli zemoqmedebiT mTlianad sazogadoebaze, mis ama Tu im sferoze Semecnebuli obieqturi kanonebis meSveobiT, warmoqmnis ra xelisuflebis meqanizms. Tu xelisufleba ar flobs organizebul Zalas, igi
kargavs saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis Tvisebas, radgan aRar aqvs unari gaataros Zalauflebis mqone subieqtis neba, uzrunvelyos kanoniereba da marTlwesrigi sazogadoebaSi.
9
Cveni naSromis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens
centraluri xelisuflebis organizaciis sakiTxi XVIII saukunis kanonmdeblobisa da Tanamedrove saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT. Cveni
mizania warmovaCinoT ra gza ganvlo saqarTvelom monarqiidan saprezidento mmarTvelobamde.
ra ZiriTadi da ganmasxvavebeli niSani arsebobs
erTis mxriv, mefesa da prezidents Soris da meores mxriv, XVIII saukunis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel organos `darbazs~ da Tanamedrove saqarTvelos
parlamentsa da mTavrobas Soris.
saqarTvelos
prezidentis,
parlamentis,
mTavrobis ufleba-movaleobebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva monografiaa Seqmnili da arsebuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Tu wyaroebis gaTvaliswinebiT ara erT naSromSia ganxiluli mefisa da
darbazis funqciebi.
magram aseve sainteresoa
SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze maTi saerTo
da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis warmoCena.
filip lovo Tavis naSromSi `Tanamedrove
demokratiebi~, wers: `absoluturi monarqia, Tavis kanonierebas tradiciulad, uxsovari droidan iRebs, rac mas RvTis mier boZebul uflebad xdis: am mimarTulebiT es aris avtokratia.
es reJimi mxolod Tavis principSi aris absoluturi _ mefe absoluturia, ramdenadac suverenulia da aranair masze maRla mdgom xeli10
suflebas ar eqvemdebareba, amasTan ar gulisxmobs arc despoturi xelisuflebis aRsrulebas da arc suverenitetis absolutizmis koncefcias. es tradiciuli monarqia Tavis xelisuflebas Tanasworuflebiani individebisagan
Semdgar sazogadoebaSi ki ar axorcielebs, aramed privilegirebuli da gansxvavebuli valdebulebebis mqone adamianebisagan Semdgar sazogadoebaSi. mravali Crdilovani xelisufleba
Sua saukuneebidan memkvidreobiT miRebuli `socialuri stratifikaciidan~ momdinareobs. magram Tu ufro Rrmad CavwvdebiT, suvereniteti
kanoniT izRudeba, am sityvis klasikuri mniSvnelobiT da Semdegi formebiT gamoixateba: RvTiuri kanoniT, romelic monarqs ekisreba, rogorc samarTlianobis damcvels; bunebrivi kanoniT, romlis ZaliTac man pativi unda sces qveSevrdomTa samoqalaqo uflebebs~ [19. 50].
nebismier monarqiul saxelmwifoSi aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas monarqi memkvidreobiT
flobs, Tumca mTel rig qveynebSi, mas realuri
Zalaufleba ar gaaCnia. magaliTad, saparlamento monarqiul saxelmwifoebSi _ did britaneTSi, espaneTSi, SveciaSi, iaponiasa da holandiaSi
monarqi mefobs, magram ar marTavs [11. 160].
Tanamdebobis sxva pirebisagan gansxvavebiT,
monarqi xelSeuxebeli piria. XVIII saukuneSi mefe iTvleboda qveynis pirvel pirad, romelic
11
xelisuflebaSi mTavari wamyvani figura iyo.
faqtiurad yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxi mefis
mier wydeboda. monarqisagan gansxvavebiT, prezidenti Tavis qmedebebze pasuxs agebs da saxelmwifo marTvaSi prezidentis roli asaxulia
konstituciiT miniWebul prezidentis uflebamosilebaSi. XVIII saukunis saqarTveloSi, centralur xelisuflebaSi sakanonmdeblo organos warmoadgenda `darbazi~. `darbazSi~ miRebul gadawyvetilebebs mefe amtkicebda. rac Seexeba dRevandel saqarTvelos, sakanonmdeblo
organos warmoadgens parlamenti, aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba ki xorcieldeba mTavrobis
meSveobiT.
Tanamedrove parlamenti saxalxo warmomadgenlobaTa umaRlesi organoa, romelic xalxis
interesebs gamoxatavs; kanonebis miRebis gziT
sazogadoebriv
urTierTobebs
aregulirebs,
mTlianad an nawilobriv qmnis zogierT saxelmwifo organos da akontrolebs aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebisa da Tanamdebobis pirTa saqmianobas. mTel rig qveynebSi parlamenti gansazRvravs saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikis kardinalur sakiTxebs, amtkicebs saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebs [11. 158].
rac Seexeba mTavrobas, igi sabWod an ministrTa kabinetad iwodeba. mas xelmZRvanelobs
12
mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. zogierT qveynebSi, maT
Soris saqarTveloSi _ premier-ministri.
mTavroba saxelmwifo xelisuflebis aRmasrulebel-ganmkargulebeli organoa, romelic
saxelmwifo organoebis ierarqiaSi parlamentisa da prezidentis Semdeg, mesame safexurze
dgas [11. 164].
dRevandeli saqarTvelosa da XVIII saukunis centraluri xelisuflebis SedarebiTi analizis warmoCena qarTuli saxelmwifosa da samarTlis aqtualur sakiTxs warmoadgens. damoukideblobis aRdgenam saSualeba mogvca Cveni
qveynis centraluri xelisuflebisa da adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis sistemaSi progresuli
reformebis gatareba dagvewyo, rac evropuli
tipis saxelmwifoTa TanamegobrobaSi Rirseuli
adgilis damkvidrebis perspeqtivas gviqmnis.
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan XVIII saukune
aseve gamoirCeva reformatoruli mniSvnelobiT.
aRniSnuli saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi sjulmdebelma mefem vaxtang VI maSindeli samarTlebrivi kulturis gaTvaliswinebiT Seadgina
kanonTa krebuli. aseve Seqmna saxelisuflebo
samarTlis wigni `dasturlamali~
XVIII saukunis 40-ian wlebSi aRmosavleT
saqarTvelo Tavs aRwevs iranis gavlenas. qristianuli wesiT xdeba Teimuraz II-isa da erekle
II-is mefed kurTxeva, rac xels uwyobs saxel13
mwifo marTvis sferoSi mTeli rigi cvlilebebis gatarebas.
XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi iqmneba ioane da
daviT batoniSvilebis, aleqsandre amilaxvaris
proeqtebi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb. maTgan, im drosac ki batoniSvilebis proeqtebi saxelmwifo xelisuflebis evropul sistemaze mowyobas iTvaliswinebda. Tanamedrove saqarTvelo dasavluri orientaciis
qveyanaa. aseve, erekle II cdilobda qarTl-kaxeTis samefos `evropeizaciis~ gzaze gayvanas.
XVIII saukunis qarTl-kaxeTis samefos da
Tanamedrove saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebis organizaciis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
sxvadasxva saxis wyaroTa baza da mravalricxovani literatura arsebobs. Cvens mier dasmuli
problemis analizi warmodgenilia swored arsebuli monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
kvlevis procesSi gamovyaviT gamoyenebuli
literaturis da wyaroebis sxvadasxva tipebi.
wyaroTa baza Semdegnairad ganvsazRvreT: 1.
XVIII saukunis qarTl-kaxeTis samefos centraluri xelisuflebis organizaciis SeswavlisaTvis mniSvnelovania sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi,
rogoricaa `samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa,~ vaxtang VI-is `dasturlamali~, daviT batoniSvilis `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da kanonmcodneobis mimoxilva~ da `samarTali batoniSvilis
14
daviTisa~. vaxtang VI-is sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi
aRmosavluri kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT aris
Sedgenili, Tumca orive Zegli Tavisi arsiT da
daniSnulebiT qarTuli sazogadoebisa da qarTuli saxelmwifosTvis aris gamiznuli da misi
sistemis Sesabamisia. daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis wignebi ufro metad rusuli gavleniT
aris Seqmnili, Tumca mTavari safuZveli qarTuli saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebeli struqturaa. agreTve veyrdnobiT erekle II-is mier gamocemul brZanebulebebsa da gankargulebebs, romelTac samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Seswavlis
TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. 2. rac Seexeba Tanamedrove saqarTvelos
centralur xelisuflebas, misi struqtura SeviswavleT normatiul masalaze dayrdnobiT.
qveynis saprezidento respublikad Camoyalibebis Semdeg saqarTvelos istoriaSi axali
etapi daiwyo. saukuneebis manZilze monarqiul
sistemaze morgebuli saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi sistema da azrovneba axali moTxovnebis da
gamowvevebis winaSe aRmoCnda. 1995
wlidan dRemde saqarTvelom, rogorc saxelmwifom rTuli da xangrZlivi gza ganvlo. saukuneebis manZilze damoukideblobadakarguli qveynisTvis (Tu ar CavTvliT 1918-1921 wlebis demokratiuli respublikis xana) advili ar iyo saxelmwifoebrivi institutebis Camoyalibeba. 1995
15
wels miRebuli konstitucia aRniSnulis gadaWris mcdelobas warmoadgenda. radgan konstitucia da misi uzenaesoba nebismieri damoukidebeli saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi da politikuri
siZlieris garantia. konstituciis miRebidan
dRemde araerTi cvlileba da Sesworeba iqna
Setanili masSi, rac saboloo jamSi qarTuli
saxelmwifoebrivi sistemis daxvewa-gaZlierebas
isaxavda miznad. bolo cvlilebebi sul axlaxan ganxorcielda da maTi umetesoba ZalaSi Sevida 2011 wlis 1 ianvridan, nawili ki amoqmeddeba 2013 wlidan. amitom mizanSewonilad migvaCnia
monarqiis ganxilvis Semdeg, arsebuli masalis
gaTvaliswinebiT warmovaCinoT saprezidento
respublikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sistema.
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi XVIII saukunis
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefos centraluri xelisuflebis calkeuli sakiTxebis
Seswavlas garkveuli yuradReba daeTmo. maTgan
gamovyofT ramdenimes. Ppirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia akademikos ivane javaxiSvilis Rvawli, romelmac fundamenturi gamokvlevebi Seqmna qarTuli samarTlis istoriaSi. saintereso informaciis Semcvelia valerian gabaSvilis sakandidato disertacia `qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo
wes-wyobileba dasturlamalis mixedviT,~ sadac
XVIII saukunis I naxevris qarTl-kaxeTis samefos
centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
16
sistemaa Seswavlili. calke adgili eTmoba mefis da darbazis uflebebis ganxilvas. XVIII saukunis I naxevris qarTl-kaxeTis samefos socialuri struqturis kvlevas mieZRvna raJden arseniZis `ganxilva vaxtang meeqvsis kanonmdeblobisa.~ marTalia am naSromSi wodebrivi uflebebis mixedviT aris kvleva warmarTuli, magram
centraluri xelisuflebis funqciebis gansazRvrisTvis mniSvnelovan safuZvels gvaZlevs. valerian metrevelis wigni `qarTuli samarTlis
istoria~ gacilebiT did informacias Seicavs
aRniSnuli periodis da problemis Sesaxeb. masSi warmodgenilia qarTuli samarTlis istoriis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexuri da didi
nawili XVIII saukunis pirveli naxevris qarTlisa da kaxeTis samefos centraluri xelisuflebis sistemis gaSuqebas eTmoba. agreTve es
sakiTxebi ganxilulia ivane surgulaZis naSromebSi: `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi,~
`saqarTvelos politikur moZRvrebaTa istoriidan.~
rac Seexeba daviT batoniSvilis `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da kanonmcodneobis mimoxilvas~ da `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisas~ SedarebiT naklebad aris Seswavlili, gansxvavebiT vaxtang meeqvsis kanonmdeblobisa. aRniSnulTagan pirveli gamocemulia apolon rogavas
17
redaqciiT da SefasebebiT da meore_daviT furcelaZis gamokvleviT.
centraluri xelisuflebis organizaciis
sakiTxi zemoTaRniSnul wyaroTa gaTvaliswinebiT aris Seswavlili givi lobJaniZis mier,
naSromebSi: narkvevebi qarTuli sazogadoebrivpolitikur
moZRvrebaTa
istoriidan
da
qarTuli saxlmwifosa da samarTlis istoria.
rogorc aRvniSneT, arsebuli gamokvlevebSi ZiriTadad vaxtang meeqvsis kanonmdeblobaze keTdeba aqcenti, Tumca aranaklebi mniSvnelobisaa daviT batoniSvilis samarTlebrivi
memkvidreoba, rasac viTvaliswinebT Cvens naSromSi.
Tanamedrove saqarTvelos centraluri xelisflebis Seswavlis procesSi pirvelwyaros
mniSvneloba eniWeba saqarTvelos konstitucias.
swored masze da sxva normatiul aqtebze dayrdnobiT SeviswavleT saqarTvelos centraluri
xelisuflebis sakiTxi.
qarTul iuridiul literaturaSiHcentraluri xelisuflebis calkeuli sakiTxi Seswavlilia iuristTa mier. aRniSnul problemas mieZRvna avTandil demetraSvilis `saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo samarTali,~ misive i. kobaxiZesTan
erTad `konstituciuri samarTali,~ v. xmalaZe,
v. Tordia, g. giorgaZe `saqarTvelos konstitiuciuri samarTali,~ sadac qarTuli saxelmwifos
18
mmarTvelobis struqturebi da maTi funqciebia
Seswavlili. unda aRiniSnos zaza ruxaZis `saqarTvelos konstituciuri samarTalic.~ naSromSi avtori sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ganixilavs saqarTvelos prezidentis da parlamentis
ufleba-movaleobebs. aRsaniSnavia lali SaiSmelaSvilis wigni `prezidentis instituti~, sadac
mecnieri ganixilavs saprezidento mmarTvelobisTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs sxvadasxva qveynebis da maT Soris, saqarTvelos magaliTze.
zemoT aRniSnuli samecniero literatura sxvadasxva periodSia gamocemuli da bunebrivia, im
drois cvlilebebs iTvaliswinebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli saxelmwifos centraluri xelisuflebis calkeuli sakiTxebi ara erTi mecnieris yuradRebas iqcevs
da siRrmiseulad aris Seswavlili. aseve sainteresoa gavaanalizoT, ra gza ganvlo saqarTvelom monarqiidan saprezidento mmarTvelobamde.
miTumetes, rom sazRvargareTis samarTlis istoriografiaSi amgvari sakiTxebis kvleva aqtualuria. qarTuli samecniero sazogadoeba kargad icnobs andraS Saios naSroms `xelisuflebis TviTSezRudva, konstitucionalizmis Sesavali~, romelic qarTul enazea Targmnili da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis Teoriul mxares ganixila
19
pirveli Tavi
centraluri xelisuflebis
organizaciis sakiTxi
§1. mefe
saxelmwifos, xelisuflebis organizebis
problema yvela epoqaSi yuradRebis centrSi
iyo moqceuli, dawyebuli antikuri periodidan
damTavrebuli dRemde. amasTan, es sakiTxebi ganixileboda sxvadasxvagvarad. erTis mxriv, Teoretikos-istorikosebisa
da
filosofosebis
mxridan, romlebsac specialurad ainteresebdaT
saxelmwifo wyobilebis xelisuflebis organizaciis sakiTxebi, iqmneboda specialuri literatura. istoriam Semogvinaxa politikuri moZRvrebebi, romlebic warmoadgendnen sxvadasxva
mimdinareobebs. miuxedavad maTi mravalferovnebisa, yvelas mizani iyo Seeqmna idealuri samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos Teoriuli safuZvlebi
[41. 3]. meores mxriv, Tavad xelisufalTa mier
Tu maTi moTxovniT mudmivad yalibdeboda da
iwereboda specialuri sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi,
rogorc saxelmwifoebrivi struqturis daxvewisa da srulyofis, aseve sakuTari poziciebis
ganmtkicebis mizniT. mmarTveli piris siZlieres
TavisTavad gulisxmobs centraluri da adgi20
lobrivi xelisuflebis mtkiced Camoyalibebuli sistemebi.
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, qarTuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi mxolod XI saukunidan mogvepoveba. SesaZlebelia manamdec arsebobda aseTi
tipis Zeglebi, Tumca Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
dReisaTvis SemorCenili sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi, romlebic ZiriTadad ganviTarebuli feodalizmis xanas ganekuTvneba da saintereso informacias Seicavs xelisuflebis organizaciis
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. xelisuflebis struqturis Sesaswavlad mniSvnelovan cnobebs gvawvdis `xelmwifis karis garigeba,~ giorgi brwyinvalis `Zeglisdeba,~ beqa-aRbuRas `wigni samarTlisa kacTa Secodebisa yovladve~ da `wesi da
gangeba mefed kurTxevisai~. aRniSnul ZeglebSi
metnaklebi sisruliT warmodgenilia rogorc
centraluri, aseve adgilobrivi xelisuflebis
funqciebi.
saqarTvelos gaerTianebasTan erTad iqmneboda qveynis marTvisa da samoxeleo wyobis erTiani sistema. centraluri xelisuflebis TandaTanobiTi ganviTareba iwvevda agreTve am xelisuflebisaTvis Sesaferisi centraluri da
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis struqturebis daxvewas da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi axlis Seqmnas.
valerian gabaSvilis mosazrebiT, qarTuli
saxelmwifoebrivi wyobilebis samoxeleo siste21
mis ganviTareba ukavSirdeba daviT aRmaSeneblis
saxels. daviT aRmaSenebelma Seqmna ramdenime
axali saxelmwifoebrivi instituti, manamde ukve arsebuls axali Zala da Sinaarsi misca da
amiT safuZveli Cauyara centraluri saxelmwifosaTvis Sesaferisi samoxeleo aparatis da
marTvis sistemis Seqmnas. giorgi III-is dros da
mis momdevno xanaSi TandaTanobiT damateba-SesworebebiT am sistemam dasrulebuli saxe miiRo
[32. 349].
sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mudmivi srulyofa dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom saxelmwifo, rogorc
adamianTa politikuri erTianobis gansakuTrebuli instituti, Tavis funqciebsa da amocanebs
axorcielebs sxvadasxva organos meSveobiT.
swored saxelmwifo organoTa sistema aris is
saSualeba, Zala da avtoriteti, romlis meSveobiTac xorcieldeba saxelmwifo xelisufleba
[27. 12].
rogorc Sesaval nawilSi aRvniSneT, Cveni
kvlevis mizans warmoadgens centraluri xelisuflebis organizaciis sakiTxis analizi
XVIII saukunis qarTl-kaxeTis samefos kanonmdeblobisa da Tanamedrove saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT. pirvel rigSi ganvixilavT
mefis funqciebs, ufleba-movaleobebsa da mis
rols saxelmwifos centralizebaSi sakanon22
mdeblo Zeglebze dayrdnobiT. aseTebs warmoadgens: `samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa~, vaxtang meeqvsis samarTlis krebuli `dasturlamali~,
`samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, misive `saqarTvelos kanonmcodneobis da samarTlis mimoxilva.~ am ukanasknelSi warmodgenilia rogorc
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis proeqti, aseve Seicavs cnobebs XVIII saukunis saqarTvelos centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Sesaxeb.
wina periodebTan SedarebiT XVIII saukunis
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi SedarebiT naklulia
centraluri xelisuflebis Sesaxeb monacemebiT.
es xana, gansakuTrebiT XVIII saukunis II naxevari, ufro metad gamoirCeva saxelmwifoebrivi
organizaciis Sesaxeb arsebuli proeqtebiT, sadac qveynis TiTqmis yvela sfero da sakiTxi
aris ganxiluli da saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
evropul sistemaze mowyobas iTvaliswinebs.
XVIII saukune Cveni qveynis istoriaSi erTerTi rTuli da mravalmxrivi periodia. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis gaTvaliswinebiT aq SeiZleba
gamoiyos ori etapi: 1. XVIII saukunis I naxevari,
rodesac qveyana iran-osmaleTis gavlenis qveSaa
da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi Warbobs aRmosavluri samyarosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tanamdebobebi da saxelwodebebi da 2. XVIII saukunis II
naxevari _ evropul sistemaze morgebuli Tanam23
debobebis SemoReba da saxelmwifoebrivi reorganizaciis mTeli rigi movlenebi.
pirvel rigSi ganvixilavT XVIII saukunis
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis mniSvnelobas saxelmwifoebrivi struqturebis daxvewa-reformirebaSi.
yvela arsebuli Zeglis warmoSobis wanamZRvari
erTi da igivea. saSinao da sagareo mdgomareobiT gamowveulma mZime socialur-ekonomikurma
da politikurma viTarebam gansazRvra maTi samarTlebrivi daniSnuleba. centraluri xelisuflebis gaZlierebis da qveyanaSi wesrigis
damyarebis mizniT saWiro iyo mmarTvelobis
sistemis srulyofa da praqtikaSi danergva.
vaxtang VI qarTuli saxelmwifo samarTlis
Zeglis `dasturlamalis~ SedgeniT zustad ganawesa saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa agebuleba, Sinaarsi, daniSnuleba da mtkiced gansazRvra samefo moxeleTa ufleba-movaleobani da moqmedebis asparezi. `dasturlamalSi~ warmodgenilia
yovelgvari Semosavali saqarTvelos mefeebis,
saxelmwifo moxeleebis. agreTve Seicavs cnobebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogori damokidebuleba
hqondaT samefo saxlis moxeleebs saxelmwifos
umaRles moxeleebTan, rogor unda emsaxuraT
moxeleT mefis karisTvis, ra saxelmwifo samsaxuri ekisrebodaT mcxovreblebs fulad, anu mosavliT [10. 3].
24
vaxtang VI `dasturlamali~ Seadgina 17071709 wlebSi. termini `dasturlamali~ sparsularabulia. `dastur-al-amal~ moqmedebis wess,
dasturs niSnavs. Zegli Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: sadedoflo da samefo dasturlamalisagan.
`samefo dasturlamali~ sakmaod sruli sakanonmdeblo Zeglia, romelic 222 muxlisagan Sedgeba, xolo dedoflis dasturlamali 22 muxls
moicavs [24. 27].
isidore doliZis azriT, Zeglis kulturul-istoriuli mniSvnelobis erTi mxare is
aris, rom igi Seicavs saqristiano msoflioSi
moqmedi samarTlis umniSvnelovanes Zeglebs _
moses sjuls, siriul-romaul, bizantiur kanonebs, romelnic saqarTveloSi vaxtangis krebulis Sedgenamde didi xniT adre moqmedebdnen.
misi azriT, es kanonebi imdenad gadamuSavebuli
saxiTaa Targmnili, rom isini Sesabamisi Zeglebis Tavisebur, qarTul versiad unda CaiTvalos
[38. 5].
`dasturlamali~, rogorc misi Semdgeneli
vaxtang VI Zeglis Sesaval nawilSi ambobs, warmoadgens `sjulisdebas saxelmwifoTasa~, igi
qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo wyobilebis iuridiuli gamoxatulebaa, saxelmwifo samarTlis
Zeglia [4. 07]. vaxtang VI Sesaval nawilSi aRniSnavs `dasturlamalis~ Seqmnis mizans: `saqarTuÀlos janiSinman batonisSvilman patronman
25
vaxtang odes vigulismodgineT wesi da gangeba
samefosa darbazobisa, ganuCineT da ganvuweseT
wigniTa amiT, raTa yovelni Ãelis-ufalni da
moqmedni darbazis rigisani esreT eqceoden da
ganagebdnen TÂs TÂsni moxeleni saÃeloTa
TÂsTTa, da wesiTa da SemsgavsebiTa iqceodnen,
romelTaca arc goniereba, ukeTu hsjulisdebasa saxelmwifoTasa egnen ucualebelad da nuravinmca mkadre iqmnebian brZanebulsa da ganCinebulsa rigisa amis SecualebiT slvasa. aramed
keTilad da esreT hyon, viTarca guÀcmecnnes
rameTu ueWuelad da daucdebelad arc movlineba borot, uwesod mqcevTa zedan, aramed morCilad ganmgesa da marTebT mqcevsa~ [10. 4].
rac Seexeba `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~-s, masSi didi adgili uWiravs saxelmwifo
sakiTxebs. igi warmoadgens mosaxleobas, gansazRvravs sazogadoebis wodebriv Semadgenlobas
da saxelmwifo wyobilebas, damokidebulebas eklesiasTan, qveynis mesveuris _ monarqisa da misi saxlis mdgomareobas, agreTve taxtis memkvidreobis wess. masSi Camoyalibebulia debulebani samarTlisa da kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb;
dadgenilia mmarTvelobis sistema da xelisuflebis organoebi, kerZod, sagareo urTierTobis
dargSi [29. 089, 090].
metad saintereso naSromia daviT batoniSvilis `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da kanonmcod26
neobis mimoxilva~, romelic metnaklebad asaxavs ruseTis okupaciis win sasamarTlo organizaciisa da procesis sakiTxebs. `mimoxilvaSi~
vxvdebiT cnobebs mefis, samefo ojaxis, darbazis mdivanbegis, saeklesio sasamarTlos da
sxva saqmis gamrCev pirTa sasamarTlo uflebamosilebasa da funqciaTa Sesaxeb. aseve aq mocemulia, rogorc XVIII saukunis II naxevris
qarTl-kaxeTis monarqiuli saxelmwifos dauwereli ZiriTadi kanonebis, ise samarTlis, sisxlis samarTlis da samoqalaqo samarTlis kanon-wesebis muxlebi [2. 46].
daviT batoniSvilis mimoxilvaSi Sekrebili
da Cawerilia erekle II-is da giorgi XII-is mefobis dros qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi moqmedi
werilobiTi kanonebi; agreTve gzadagza saWiroebisamebr mokled aRwerilia saxelmwifo institutebi, xalxuri zne-Cveulebebi, adaTebi, CveulebiTi samarTlis wesebi da sxva, romelic administraciuli da sasamarTlo organoebis moxeleTaTvis marTlmsajulebaSi oficialurad
angariSgasawevi Zala gamxdara.
`saqarTvelos samarTlisa da kanonmcodneobis mimoxilva~ da `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~ sxvadasxva nawarmoebebia, sxvadasxva mizandasaxulebisamebr, sxvadasxva drosa da adgilas Sedgenili, magram maT Soris arsebobs Si-
27
naarsobrivi da zogierT adgilas teqstobrivi
Sesatyvisobac [2. 45].
aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo Zeglebidan Cven
gvainteresebs mefis funqciebi da misi uflebebi. XVIII saukuneSi qarTl-kaxeTis samefo aris
monarqiuli saxelmwifo, romlis saTaveSi dgas
mefe, rogorc umaRlesi warmomadgeneli saxelmwifosi. igi aris amave dros misi mTlianobis
matarebeli. mefis social-politikuri daniSnuleba, misia da roli aris Seqmna, gaZliereba da
ganviTareba saxelmwifoebrivi organizmisa da
misi organoebisa, dacva misi ganuyrelobisa,
mTlianobisa; igi aris saxelmwifoebriobis
principis matarebeli; magram radgan am epoqaSi
saxelmwifoebriobas arc mravali da arc rTuli organoebi ar moepoveba, radgan, piriqiT,
swored simcire da simartive saxelmwifo organoebisa aris damaxasiaTebeli im xanisa, mefe da
misi sasaxlis kari warmoadgens ara marto umTavress, aramed SeiZleba iTqvas, erTaderT moZrav da moqmed saxelmwifo organos, romelic
ganagebs mTeli qveynis beds. cxadia, aseT pirobebSi mefe da misi pirovneba, misi pirovnuli
Tvisebebi, Semecneba saxelmwifoebrivi interesebisa, misi warmodgena saqveyno keTildReobaze,
misi politika, anu gzebi da saSualebebi, romlebiTac igi xelmZRvanelobs qveynis marTva-gamgeobis dros, erTi uZlieresi faqtorTagania
28
mTeli saxelmwifo erTeulis bedis gadaWraSi.
amitom mefis siZliere, Tu sisuste xSirad es
mTeli samefos siZliere, Tu sisustea [1. 109].
XVIII saukunis qarTl-kaxeTis samefos politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare mefis uflebebi xSirad ikveceboda. zogadad, feodalizmis arsebobis pirobebSi socialurad maRali fenis warmomadgenlebis
mxridan aseTi qmedebebi arcTu ise iSviaTi iyo.
mefis politikas feodalebi gansazRvravdnen da
centraluri xelisuflebis uflebebi SezRuduli iyo. ise rom mefes zogjer mxolod saxeli
erqva mefisa. es garemoeba vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignSi xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli: `saqarTvelos mefeni bevrjer didaT amaRlebulni da
wesisamebr maTisa brZanebulan da bevrjer JamTa da droTa cualebiT ase damdablebulan,
rom odes saxeli mefe rqmeviaT. Torem marTebuli ara uqnevinebiaT ra. rogorc ymaTa sdomebiaT ise usamarTlebiaT da urigebiaT. amisi momswreni TiTon meca var da sxvani xaniT Cemze
ufrosni arian da isi _ am gvars dros bevrs
Seswrebodnen~ [10. 2]. amasTan vaxtang VI Tavisi
periodis Sesaxebac wers mefis uflebebis SekvecasTan dakavSirebiT. rodesac erTis mxriv, saqarTvelos mefe `yeenze~ aris damokidebuli da
meores mxriv msxvil feodalebze. `aw amisTvis
viwyoT, Tu mefesa mefoba SeeZlos, qmnas, Tu
29
ara, saxeli da saukuno undodes, SeuZleblad
mefobas uqneloba sjobdes da xelis aReba. Tu
bednieris xelmwifis yeeniT iyos erTi ram saqme, rome umisod ver iqmodes da, Tu qnas, is iwyendes, imisi saqme sxva aris. kanoni xom aqvs,
rome kacman swore samarTali vera qnas, magrame
imas ara gaewyobis ra da mefes sxva dros aseTi
Sexvdes, rome ymaTagan ver iqmodes, an xeli aiRos da an ara, soflis nivTiT SemsWvalviT xeli ver aiRos, TviTon samarTalSi nu daujdebis. oTxi iyos, Tu met-naklebi, didebuli gamoarCios da imaT asamarTlon qveyana... da mefe
RmerTs exvewos, ubralo iqmnebis, maT ician da
maTma sulman da man saukunoman~ [10. 3].
qarTlis mefis vasaluri mdgomareoba dasturlamalSi xazgasmulia, qarTlis mefis suzerenis aRmniSvneli terminebi aris `xelmwife~ an
`bednieri yeeni~ [4. 012].
qarTl-kaxeTis samefo XVIII saukuneSi mmarTvelobis mxriv iyo monarqiuli, romlis saTaveSi idga mefe. `xolo mefe aris TviTmarTlmadidebeli, TviTdespoti da sjulismdebeli. xolo ese Seadgens mefesa. mefoba iyo CvenSi memkvidreobiTi, da ara gamorCeviTi~ [26. 221]. daviT
batoniSvili `saqarTvelos kanonmcodneobis da
samarTlis mimoxilvaSi~ sruliad aRwers qarTuli monarqiuli saxelmwifosaTvis damaxasiaTebel sistemas. `царский грузинский престол должен
30
наследовать первородный син царствующей особы, а по
нём старший его сын и так далее по нисходяшей в роде
его линии. Но когда царь или наследник его не оставит по
себе детей мужество пола, тогда наследше переходит к
прочим членам царского дома по старшинству, и даже
может относиться к принцам крови, для коих правьна
наследие удерживается до четвертного колена. Но далее
не имеют уже сего права, поколику тогда фамилия их не
будет превышать в своём достоинстве прочих грузинских
князей~ [2. 223].
samefo ojaxis wevrebi warmoadgendnen pirvel pirebs mefis Semdeg mTel saxelmwifoSi da
samefo karis yvela ceremonialSi ekavaT pirveli adgili. `членами царского грузинского дома
полагается братья и дети наследника престола. Они есть
первейшие в государстве особы. Все члены царского дома
имеют везде свободной вход и принимаются царём во
всякое время. При дворе во всех церемониях и публичных
собраниях занимают первое место и имеют право на
всеобщее уравжение~ [2. 223, 224].
mefis `Zeebi~ mefis Semdeg pirvel pirebad
arian moxseniebulni da isini yovelgvari uflebebiT sargebloben. `samarTali batoniSvilis
daviTisas~ mixedviT mefe samefo ojaxis wevrebs
saukeTeso adgilebze asaxlebs da garkveul SeRavaTebs da privilegiebs aniWebs: `... жалуют в
вечное и потомственное владение богатые вотчины,
31
лучшие земли, сады, воды и другие выгоды. Доходами с
них
имений
получаемыми,
они
распоряжают
непосредственно и по произведению своему имеют при
себе свиту и служителей~ [2. 224].
miuxedavad zemoTaRniSnulisa, samefo samarTlis mixedviT arsebobs garkveuli kriteriumebi da wesdebebi, romelTac mefis Zeebic
emorCilebian da yvela mniSvnelovani saqme mefis nebarTviT wydeba. mefis `Zeebs~ ara aqvT
ufleba mefis nebarTvis gareSe `jaris Seyris~,
mezobel saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis damyarebis, Sida ganawesebis TviTneburad darRvevis
da sakuTari survilisamebr gakeTebis [29. 219,
220]. da rac mTavaria, Tavadebisa da aznaurebis
msgavsad ixdian `samefo xarjs da jars~. `igini
orgulebisaTvis da urCebisaTvis mefisa da qveyanisa daisjebian egreT, viTarca sxvani aznaurni da Tavadni, miT rome magaliTi ese ars mravalgzis momxdar saqarTvelosa Sina, romel
orgulebisaTvis mamulisa da urCebisaTvis dasjil iyvnen mefis Zeni, viTarca sxvani aznaurni
da Tavadni, viTarca mouTxrobs qarTlis cxovreba mravalsa adgilsa~ [29. 220].
miuxedavad imisa, rom ufliswulebi garkveul wesdebebs emorCilebodnen, XVIII saukunis
saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT XVIII saukunis II
naxevridan ufliswulebis funqciebi SesamCnevad
gaZlierda da gaizarda. aseTi ram faqtobrivad
32
arc erT epoqaSi ar dasturdeba. apolon rogavas mosazrebiT, erekle II-is RonisZiebebi Semdeg garemoebebTan iyo dakavSirebuli, erekle II
saufliswuloebs adrindelTan SedarebiT axali datvirTva mianiWa. es xelovnurad warmoSobili, axali tipis saufliswuloebi saqarTveloSi faqtiurad Cndeba XVIII saukunis 70-iani
wlebidan erekle II-is garkveuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri mosazrebebis safuZvelze, ZvelTaganve tradiciiT arsebuli saufliswuloebis
saxecvlilebiT. Zlierma Tavadurma partikularistul-separatistulma tendenciebma aiZula
mefe erekle qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi axali xelisuflebis SeqmniT daepirispirebina Tavadobis reaqciuli wrisaTvis Tavisi STamomavali
mravalricxovani ufliswulebi, fiqrobda ra
imas, rom Tavisi es STamomavlebi, misdami axlo
naTesauri grZnobebis Sedegad aRmofxvridnen
samefoSi mefis centralisturi xelisuflebis
mowinaaRmdege TavadTa amgvar tendenciebs [2.
118].
mogvianebiT, rogorc Sedegma aCvena, am RonisZiebamac ver gaamarTla da saxelmwifo axali problemebis winaSe aRmoCnda. rogorc cnobilia, qarTl-kaxeTis centraluri xelisufleba 80-90-iani wlebis mijnaze TandaTanobiT sustdeboda. erekles samefo karze ganxeTqileba
Rrmavdeboda. erekles saxlis mravalricxovani
33
Svilebi da SviliSvilebi farTo moTxovnebs
ayenebdnen. maTi umravlesoba kerZo interesebiTa da politikuri xelisuflebisadmi miswrafebiT ganimsWvala. ereklem 1791 wels Seadgina
`ganwesebani~, romelsac igi anderZis mniSvnelobas aniWebda.
`ganawesTa~ SesavalSi mefe TviTonve xsnida
misi Sedgenis gamomwvev mizezs. iqve mefe asabuTebda, rom aucilebeli iyo misi Svilebis qonebrivi uzrunvelyofa da arsebuli taxtis memkvidreobis wesis Secvla. axali wesis mixedviT,
taxtis memkvidreoba ufrosi Zmidan mis momdevno umcros Zmaze gadadioda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
es umcrosi Rirseuli iyo, Tu ara da maSin kandidati ufrosobis kvalobaze unda SeerCiaT
ZmebSi an maT SvilebSi da a. S. isev ufrosi asakis kvalobaze. axali wesi, erekles survilisagan damoukideblad, samefo karze arsebul ganxeTqilebas ki ar anelebda, aramed ufro aRrmavebda. saufliswuloebis micemam batoniSvilebi
ufro damoukidebelni gaxada [5. 79].
mefeT-mefis gverdSi idga misi Tanamecxedre: `dedofalT dedofali~, romelic garkveuli
periodidan moyolebuli politikuri da ekonomiuri prerogativebiT sargeblobda saxelmwifo
marTva-gamgeobis sferoSi. X-XIV saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, samefo sigelebis saxeldebaSi arc
dedofalT-dedofali da arc ufliswulebi, ro34
gorc wesi, moxseniebuli ar arian. me-15 saukunis damdegidan, ki pirvelad aleqsandre I-is sigelebSi Cveulebrivi xdeba mefis saxlobis yvela wevrTa moxsenieba, rac ivane javaxiSvilis
azriT qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis daqveiTebis gamomxatvelia [4. 3].
dedofals, rogorc msxvil feodals, gaaCnia sakuTari centraluri dawesebuleba: `darbazi~, anu `dedoflis kari~ da rasakvirvelia
hyavda sakuTari darbaiselebi. sadedoflo dasturlamalSi dedoflis ori darbaiselia moxseniebuli `darbaiseli germanoziSvili oTari da
baraTasSvili manuCari~ [10. 128].
dedofals hyavda mravalricxovani darbazis rigis moxeleni: dedoflis salTxucesi,
eSikaRasbaSebi, molareTuxucesi, sufraji, mejinibeTuxucesi, mouravebi, mamasaxlisebi, xoja,
iasaulebi, TuSmalebi, ambardani, mxatvari, meTefSeni, fareS-uxucesi da fareSebi [3. 017].
dedofals akrefili gadasaxadebidan Tavisi wili hqonda, rasac mis mier wargzavnili piri awarmoebs: `quÀynis aRweraSi erTs mxares dedoflis mdivani wavides. rac imis aRweraSi samefo kaci iyos, im samefos kacis sargo mefis
mdivans unda moutanos, da sadac mefis mdivnis
aRweraSi sadedoflo kaci erios, imisi sargo
da aRmsawerli dedoflis mdivnebs moutanon.
saurTan dedoflis salTxucess da mdivans Ãe35
liãaqvs. mefis salTxucisa da mdivnebisa aris
ori Sauri, rom mesayrisa aiRebis misgan naxevar
Sauri~ [10. 14].
mixeil kekelias azriT, feodalizmis epoqa
saerTod ar icnobs faqtebs, rom qali iyo msajuli da rac mTavaria, am funqcias igi ara epizodurad, aramed sistematurad anxorcielebdes,
rom igi mefis Semdeg, mTel samefoSi meore mosamarTled iTvlebodes. aseve ver vxvdebiT SemTxvevebs, rom igi amtkicebdes gamotanil ganaCens da niSnavdes aRmasrulebels e. i. akeTebdes
yovelive imas, rasac ase uxvad vxvdebiT XVIII
saukunis II naxevris qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi.
mTel samefoSi dedoflis garda arc erT
qals ar hqonda miniWebuli sasamarTlo funqcia. aseve, mefis garda sxvas aravis SeeZlo dedoflisaTvis daevalebina saqmis garCeva, maSin
rodesac sadedoflo saqmis garCevas avalebda
batoniSvilebs, mdivanbegebs, calkeul mebatoneebs da iSviaT SemTxvevaSi dikasteriasac ki [13.
121, 126].
dedofali ara marto iseT saqmeebs arCevs,
rac mis sakuTrebaSi myof mamulebsa da
xelqveiT
pirebs
Seexeba,
aramed
samefos
sxvadasxva kuTxeSi momxdar davebsac. SeuZlia
aseTi
davebis
ganxilva
zogjer
sxvebsac
daavalos, daamtkicos maT mier gamotanili
ganaCen-gadawyvetilebebi da daniSnos aRmasrul36
eblebi.
magaliTad,
1788
wels
dedofali
darejani
dosiTeos
nekreselis,
kaxeTis
mdivanbegebisa
da
mdivnebis
monawileobiT
arCevs davas mamulsa da sxva sakiTxebze iseT
did
feodalTa
Soris,
rogoric
iyvnen:
eSikaRasbaSi ColoyaSvili jardani da misi
Zmiswuli TuST mouravi durmiSxani [13. 122].
mefeT-mefis, rogorc samefos uzenaesi xelmwifis ufleba ganawilebuli iyo samefo saxlobis yvela wevrebze: dedofalsa da ufliswulebze. mefis axlo naTesavebis dasturi, beWedi
da xelrTva aucilebeli piroba iyo saxelmwifo sabuTebis dasamtkiceblad [3. 2, 3].
saintereso sakiTxia mefed kurTxevis ceremoniali. amis Sesaxeb cnobebi pirvelad gvxvdeba XIV saukunis wyaroSi `wesi da gangeba mefed
kurTxevisai~. rogorc cnobilia, mefed kurTxevis wess, gvirgvinis dadgmas kaTalikos-patriarqi asrulebda. mefis pirveli mimlocveli dedofalia. Semdeg mimlocvelebi aseTi rigiTaa mocemuli: kaTalikosi, Wyondideli, aTabagi, mandaturTuxucesi, amirspasalari, meWurWleTuxucesi da msaxurTuxucesi, Semdeg modian sxva moxeleebi.
XVIII saukuneSi, mefed kurTxevis ceremoniali pirvelad Sesrulda 1744 wels, Teimuraz IIis da erekle II-is dros, erTi saukunis Semdeg,
37
rac qristianuli wesiT ar yofila aRsrulebuli kurTxeva.
qarTlis taxtze Teimurazis asvlis dros
qarTuli wesebis SesrulebisaTvis, romelic manamde daviwyebuli iyo, sagangebo zomebi iqna miRebuli. gamonaxes da Seiswavles mefis kurTxevis wesi, gaiTvaliswines am wesebis Sesabamisad,
romel moxeles ra funqciis Sesruleba evaleboda. sayuradReboa aRiniSnos, rom mefis `kurTxevis wesi~ gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefeebisaTvis iyo Sedgenili. am wesSi saubaria aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio da
saero moxeleebze, romlebic monawileobdnen
mefis kurTxevis ceremonialSi. Teimurazis taxtze asvlisas ki am wesis zustad Sesruleba SeuZlebeli iyo, radganac Teimurazi mxolod
qarTlis mefe iyo. yvelaferi es gaiTvaliswines
Teimurazis mefed kurTxevis dros da mefed
kurTxevis wesi ise Seadgines, rom maqsimalurad
Sesrulebuliyo yvela is wes-Ceuleba, rac SesaZlebeli iyo [36. 226].
mefed kurTxevis wesi srulad aris aRwerili papuna orbelianis TxzulebaSi `ambavni qarTlisani~. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis CatarebisaTvis, rogorc Txzulebidan Cans, aqtiurad emzadebodnen sasuliero wodebis warmomadgenlebi.
gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi antoni. `ganawesa yovelni samRvdeloni anu
38
saeroni da wesni dRisa misisani mza hyvna yovelni. dResa mesamesa gamobrZanda batoni gareT
saydars win. zemore sefe idges didi da sefesa
gverdiT sevani daedgnes, dabZanda sevansa Sina
da egreT iaxlnes darbaiselni, vina jda, misa
Rirsi iyvnes, vina dgomisa, egrev yovelni ganawesnes. moitanes samefo Sesamoseli, porfiri,
bisoni da diadema boxCebiT, agreTe gvirgvini,
xmali, skiptra da qveynisa sferoi. ese yoveli
amier da imier mouwyvnes. amisa Semdgomad movida mTavarepiskoposi arsen Semosili, mTavardiakonni Semosili wina uvidodes kmeviTa sakmevelsaTa, agreve jvarisa mtvirTvelisa jvari patiosani aRemarTnes da mgalobelTa dasni mouZRodes da galobden galobasa jvarisasa. movidnen
winaSe mefisa da Tayvanisces da eambornen mefes. xolo aRiRes erTi es samefo Sesamoseli
da iaraRi, misces mTavarepiskoposs, itvirTa
orTa mklaviTa da warmovidnen egreT galobiTa,
Seitanes eklesiasa Sina~ [25. 103]. mefes Tan axlda Tavis amala, romelic mihyveboda mas eklesiamde. `karis bWeSi moegebnes batons patriarqi
Semosili da episkoposni anu samRvdeloni yovelni, Tayvanisces, calkerZ patriarqi moudga,
calkerZ mTavarepiskoposni. samRvdelo dasni
win SeuZRvnes xatTa. jvaris winamZRoliTa da
lamprebiTa mTebariTa da egre galobiT Seiyvanes eklesiasa Sina. fiandazi eSala kariTgan
39
saydrisa Sua gulobamdis~ [25. 105]. saeklesio
ceremonialis Sesrulebis Semdeg daiwyo mefis
kurTxevis procesi. `odes movida Jami, wabZanda
patriarqi, SebrZanda wmida wmidaTasa, amisa Semdgomad miiwvies mefe sakurTxevlad, cal mklavi sardals qaixosros epyra da meore mklavi _
muxranbatons, aRsavlis karze mTavar-episkoposni da alaverdeli miegebnes da Seiyvanes sakurTxevlad, scxes sacxebeli SublTa, bWeTa da
gulTa jvarisa saxed. Tqva patriarqma samRTo
madli da Semdgomi amisa, bisonsa zeda Caacves
diadeba, wamoasxes porfiri, daadges gvirgvini
sameufo, misces marjvenasa xelsa skiptra da
marcxenasa Ãelsa _ qveynisa sfero, xolo movida Jami wmidisa ziarebisa. pirvelad samRvdelo
dasni eziarnes da mere gardmoasvenes wminda
barZimi da miiRo mefem wminda ziareba patriarqis xeliTa~ [25. 105]. ziarebis Semdeg mefe patriarqis da mTavarepiskoposis TanxlebiT gaemarTa samefo taxtisaken. `... samefo taxti iyo,
iq dabZanda. miitana sardalma qaixosro orbelianma, romeli iyo amirspasalari, Ãmali mefisa, dauloces da Semoartyes. pirvelad mividnen
dasni samRvdelosani da ÃeliTa eambornes, amisa Semdgomad gamobZanda eklesiiT~ [25. 106]. Semdeg daiwyo milocvis ceremoniali, romlis
drosac pirveli mimlocveli ars dedofali.
`SebZanda saydarsa, garemos sevani idgnes oqsi40
noTa mofardulni, dabZanda mas Sina didebulni
TavSiSvelni Tavs idgnes da mibZanda dedofali
da miuloca da gardaayarguari. mere mibZandnen
ufliswulni, miuloces, agreTve jalabni darbaiselTani mividnen da miuloces~ [25. 106]. rogorc vxedavT, mefed kurTxevis ceremoniali monarqiuli saxelmwifosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
aucilebeli atributia.
vaxtang meeqvsis `dasturlamalis~ mixedviT,
im pirs, romelic droebiT mefis movaleobas asrulebda erqva `janiSini~. gvianfeodalur qarTlSi saxelmwifos meTaurs `mefe~ ewodeboda.
iseve, rogorc gaerTianebul feodalur saqarTveloSi. zogjer mefes moixseniebdnen `batonis~ saxelwodebiT, rac mefis xelisuflebis
dasustebidan gamomdinareobda. radgan `batons~
uwodebdnen ara marto mefes, aramed msxvil feodalebsac. es ki imis maCvenebelia, rom samefos
meTauri msxvili feodalis rangSia Tavisi sisustis gamo.
qarTveli mefeebi atarebdnen saxelwodebas:
`batoni~, `patroni~, `xelmwife~, romelTa Semdegnair axna-ganmartebas gvTavazobs r. arseniZe
Tavis naSromSi `ganxilva mefe vaxtang meeqvsis
kanonmdeblobisa~. misi azriT, `xelmwife~ niSnavs sruluflebianobas. mefe yovelive uflebiT aRWurvilia. igi kanonmdebelic aris da aRmasrulebelic; is aZlevs Tavis xelqveiTebs si41
gelebs, ese igi: aZlevs uflebebs da akisrebs
movaleobas, is aris umaRlesi mosamarTle da
saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamomtani. omianobis
dros is uZRveba jars da awesrigebs yovelive
urTierTobas mis xelqveiTTa Soris [1. 111]. rac
Seexeba termin `batons~. es gaigeba ise, rodesac
batons yavs yma. am mxriv igi batonymobis urTierTobaSi dgas da batonis rols asrulebs Tavis samflobelos mcxovrebTa mimarT. mis winaSe
yvelani ymebi arian, didebulidan dawyebuli da
ukanaskneli glexiT damTavrebuli. mesame tituli aris `patroni~. es niSnavs, rom igi gamgea
da mesakuTre saxelmwifosi, misi mTeli teritoriisa, misi mcxovreblebis; igi maT uvlis da
epatroneba, rogorc Tavis sakuTrebas~ [1. 111-112].
rac Seexeba mefis saxaso miwebs, gvianfeodaluri qarTlis mefe yvelaze ufro msxvili
mesakuTrea Tavis samefoSi. igi ganagebs ara marto Tavis sakuTar mamulebsa da ymebs, aramed
mTel saxelmwifosac. mefis SemosavalSi Sedis
ara marto mis sakuTar mamulSi aRebuli monagari, aramed gadasaxadebis gziT akrefili simdidrec.
sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom XVIII saukunis
qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi arsebobda mefis dacvis samsaxuric. mefis dacvis organizacias monaTuxucesi da msaxurTuxucesi ganagebdnen. vaxuStis ganmartebiT, `monaTuxucesis xelsa iyo yo42
velni mefis roqis spani, Tvnier cixe-qalaqTa~.
monaTuxucesi sasaxlis gvardiis meTauri iyo.
mas emorCilebodnen asisTavebi da meTofeebi. mefis dacvis saqmes emsaxureboda msaxurTuxucesic, magram mas monaTuxucesisagan gansxvavebiT
sasaxlis Sinauri meurneobis moxeleebi da mefis piradi mosamsaxurenic emorCilebodnen [33.
349].
XVIII saukunis II naxevris sabuTebis mixedviT, mefes SeuZlia Caerios yovelgvar saqmeSi,
ganxilvis yvela stadiaze da sasamarTlos misces savaldebulo miTiTebebi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr, mefe saqmes
ixilavs, rogorc `karze~ anu mis ZiriTad rezidenciaSi, ise samefos yvela kuTxeSi, laSqrobis Tu mSvidobiani mogzaurobis dros [13. 114].
mefe ganixilavs yvela saxis davebs, rogorc saero sazogadoebaSi, aseve saeklesio davebs, romelic exeba rogorc Sida saeklesio uTanxmoebebs, aseve saero xelisuflebasTan dapirispirebas. amas mowmobs, erT-erTi arza, sadac qaSueTis mRvdeli filipe, erekle II-s saeklesio adgilebis xelSeuvalobas da maTs gamgeblobaSi
SenarCunebas sTxovs. mas Tan erTvis erekles
brZaneba. `meliqo avetiq da qevxudebo, romelic
am eklesiis mamuli, aSenebuli Tu auSenebeli,
gamogerTmevinosT, am mamulis zomazed aSenebu-
43
li duqnebi, rac qaSueTis mamuli iyos, imazed
meti mieciT, Tvaram naklebs nu miscemT.
amis mamulSi, rac Senoba iyos duqnisa, is
ar gamoewireba. unda mieces. Tu ar iyos Senoba
aSenebuli, duqnebi mieciT da meti imazed Cven
brali agviyria, meti mieciT, karga meti mieciT,
erTi saduqne alagi kidem meti mieciT [38. 310].
an kidev: saba ninowmindelis arza baJis Taobaze erekle II-is oqmiT. `q. RmerTman umaRlesis mefis Wiri mosces maTs marad mlocvels sabas. amas movaxsenebT Cvens Ãelmwifes: sagarejos risac f[e]ris baJisa mesamedi wmidis ninos
taZris Sewiruli aris, mefeTagan gujrebica
maqvs maTis wyalobisa da erTi gujari Tqvenganac Ãelmowerili aris baJis saqmezed da damtkicebul batoniSvils kaTalikozis antonisaganac. manamdin yaluaSvils giorgis da miRdisas kaxeTs baJi eWiraT, Tqvenis brZanebiT da
oqmiT sagarejos baJidam Cems mesameds baJs
mTlaT maZlevdnen. masukan rom sxvaT daiWires,
diaR naklebaT meZleoda imaTgan, da Tqven Tavis veRar SegawyineT, radgan eklesiis Sewiruli aris, amas vevedrebi Tqvens simaRles, rom
ubZanoT visac kaxeTis baJi momces da arc samudamod damaklos. es wyaloba axlav unda miyoT
da aRmisruloT, Cemo Ãelmwifev!
Cemi brZaneba aris kaxeTis mebaJeebo! merme
ninowmindelis sabas sagarejos baJis mesamedi
44
rogorc gujarSi eweros, ise moscemdeT, rogorc gujarSi uweria, Tavis wils baJs nu daaklebT” [38. 116-117].
qarTlis mefis funqciebidan yuradRebas ipyrobs sakanonmdeblo funqcia. qarTlis mefe sakanonmdeblo funqcias axorcielebda darbazTan
erTad. kanonebis miRebasa da SemuSavebaSi monawileobdnen aseve saeklesio da saero msxvili
feodalebi. zogierT sakanonmdeblo aqts qarTlis mefe uSualod _ sxvebis gareSe Rebulobda. magaliTad, `dasturlamalis~ miRebaSi mefis
garda sxva pirebi ar Canan.
qarTlis mefis sxva funqciebidan aRsaniSnavia umaRlesi mmarTvelobis ganxorcielebis
funqcia. igi gulisxmobda: samefo karis marTvas, samxedro gamgeblobas, finansebis mowesrigebas da fulis gamoSvebas anu safinanso mmarTvelobas, sagareo urTierTobis mowesrigebas.
dasaxelebuli funqciebis ganxorcieleba mefis
mier ar niSnavs imas, rom saTanado moxeleebi
ar arsebobdnen da mxolod mefe axorcielebda
maT uSualod. mefes Tavisi iniciativiT SeeZlo
moekida xeli ama Tu im saqmisaTvis, umetes SemTxvevaSi ki mefis mmarTveloba gamoixateboda
saTanado moxeleTa daniSvnasa da maTi saqmianobis kontrolSi. ase magaliTad: mefe awesebda
saxelmwifo gadasaxadebs, baJs da adgenda maTi
akrefis wesebs, niSnavda samxedro saqmis specia45
listebs, akontrolebda maT saqmianobas [3. 159,
160].
mniSvnelovan saxelmwifo saqmeebs mefe saero feodalebisa da umaRles klerikalebis TandaswrebiT swyvetda. `TÂT TÂsiT rasme yofa~ mefes ar SeeZlo. `nuravin hgonebT, rameTu TÂT
TÂsiT rasme vhyofdeT~, _ ambobs vaxtang VI Tavis samarTlis wignis SesavalSi, _ `aramed TanayoliTa da mowmobiTa mRvdelmTavrisa, Zmisa
Cvenisa batoniSvilis kaTalikosis domentisaTa,
agreTve TanadgomiTa aragvis erisTavis Svilis,
mTavar episkoposis grigolsa da sxvaTa mitropolit-episkopoz winamZRvarT da samRvdeloTa.
damowmebiTa da TanazraxviTa muxranis batonis
erekleTi da saxlisa Cvenisa xucisa papunaTi,
aragvis erisTavis daviTisa, orbeliZis sardlis
luarsabiTa amilaxoris avTandiliT, mdivanbegis erastiTa, sxuaTa yovelTa darbazis erTa
CvenTa da kiTxviTa WkuaT-myofelTa da moxucebulTa kacTaTa gavaCineT da gavaweseTo~ [10. 8].
amdenad, XVIII saukuneSi monarqiuli saxelmwifosaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli
sistemebi
da
struqturebi arsebobs. aRniSnulis gamoxatulebas warmoadgens xelisuflebis mTavari figuris
mefis uflebebis da funqciebis gansazRvra.
46
§2. prezidenti
Pprezidentis instituti ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurze myof msoflios mraval qveyanaSi funqcionirebs. Pprezidentis arCevis wesi,
misi uflebamosilebani, urTierToba saxelmwifo organoebTan, xelisuflebaSi yofnis vadebi
da mmarTvelobis am formis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvreli bevri sxva niSani araa adekvaturi sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi. isini damokidebulia qveynis istoriuli ganviTarebis Taviseburebebze,
politikur tradiciebze, prezidentsa da sxva
xelsuflebebs, agreTve mowinaaRmdege politikur da klasobriv dajgufebebs Soris ZalTa
Tanafardobaze da sxva faqtorebze [40. 31].
sityva `prezidenti~ laTinuria da niSnavs:
win, TavSi mjdoms. am terminiT Tanamedrove periodSi aRniSnaven saxelmwifos meTauris Tanamdebobas.
saxelmwifos meTauri aris piri, romelsac
ukavia umaRlesi adgili saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoTa sistemaSi. sxvadasxva qveynebSi
saxelmwifos meTauri SeiZleba moiazrebodes
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis ganmaxorcieleblad, igi SeiZleba ganixilebodes rogorc aRmasrulebeli, ise sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlad.
47
saxelmwifo meTauris instituti saxelmwifoebriobis aucilebel atributs warmoadgens.
sajaro xelisuflebis sistemaSi misi arseboba
ganpirobebulia TavisTavadi aucileblobiT, saxelmwifos gaaCndes mis umaRles warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili Tanamdebobis piri an
organo. saxelmwifos meTauri, pirvel rigSi,
aris swored qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgeneli
saSinao da sagareo urTierTobebSi, saxelmwifo
suverenitetisa da erTianobis simbolo [7. 266].
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis da damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelos pirveli
prezidenti gaxda zviad gamsaxurdia. 1995 wlis
24 agvistos konstituciis Tanaxmad saqarTvelo
saprezidento respublikad oficialurad gamocxadda. aRniSnuli konstituciis miRebiT saqarTvelo gaxda saprezidento mmarTvelobis
demokratiuli respublika. rogorc cnobilia,
saprezidento respublika xasiaTdeba prezidentis udidesi roliT qveynis marTvaSi. misi demokratiulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSania prezidentis arCeviTobis principi. mmarTvelobis am
formis Rirsebas warmoadgens is, rom prezidenti gvevlineba eris simbolod. mmarTvelobis
aseTi forma ganapirobebs politikur stabilurobas, rac ase aucilebelia saqarTvelosaTvis.
XX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi
ganviTarebul movlenaTa Soris Tavisi mniSvne48
lobiT gamoirCeva 1995 wels axali konstituciis miReba, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara axal
qarTul saxelmwifos, gansazRvra misi politikuri wyobilebis forma, aRiara adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, daadgina
qveynis umaRlesi saxelmwifo organoebis uflebamosilebebi, struqtura da saqmianobis wesebi, aseve sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel da sasamarTlo xelisuflebaTa erTmaneTTan urTierTobis forma da procedurebi.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi institutebi
mudmiv cvlileba-Camoyalibebas ganicdis,
rac saboloo jamSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
gaZlierebas iTvaliswinebs.
naSromis wina TavSi ganvixileT mefis
funqciebi. amasTan ganvsazRvreT dedoflis roli Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
sistemaSi. gansxvavebiT XVIII saukunis saqarTvelosgan dReisaTvis pirveli ledis uflebebi
dedofalTan SedarebiT SezRudulia da qveynis
politikur cxovrebaSi naklebad aris CarTuli.
igi ufro metad kulturul da sazogadoebriv
RonisZiebebSi Rebulobs monawileobas.
saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT, prezidenti aris saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauri.
saqarTvelos prezidenti warmarTavs da axorcilelebs saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo politikas. igi uzrunvelyofs qveynis erTianobas da
49
mTlianobas, saxelmwifo organoTa saqmianobas
konstiticiis Sesabamisad. saqarTvelos prezidenti saqarTvelos umaRlesi warmomadgenelia
sagareo urTierTobebSi. saqarTvelos prezidenti airCeva sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri
saarCevno uflebis safuZvelze faruli kenWisyriT 5 wlis vadiT. amasTan, konstituciiT erTsa da imave pirovnebas SeiZleba ekavos prezidentis Tanamdeboba zedized mxolod ori vadiT, raTa prezidentis Seucvlelobam uaryofiTi gavlena ar iqonios sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze.
konstituciaSi cvlilebaa Setanili prezidentad asarCevi kandidatis sacxovrebel adgilTan dakavSirebiT. prezidentad SeiZleba arCeul iqnes saarCevno uflebis mqone dabadebiT
saqarTvelos moqalaqe 35 wlis asakidan, romelsac saqarTveloSi ucxovria 5 weli mainc da
arCevnebis daniSvnis dRemde bolo 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi cxovrobda saqarTveloSi.
rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelos konstitucia prezidentisaTvis adgens asakobriv cenzs.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom zogierT qveyanaSi ufro maRali asakobrivi cenzia dawesebuli, magaliTad italiaSi 50 welia dadgenili.
prezidentobis kandidaturis dasaxelebis
ufleba aqvs moqalaqeTa politikur gaerTianebas an sainiciativo jgufs. kandidatis war50
dgena dadasturebuli unda iyos amomrCevelTa
xelmowerebiT organuli kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. organuli kanoniT gansazRvruli amomrCevlebis xelmowerebis raodenoba ar SeiZleba
iyos amomrCevelTa raodenobis 1%-ze meti.
arCeulad CaiTvleba kandidati, romelsac
xma misca arCevnebis monawileTa naxevarze metma. Tu arCevnebis pirvel turSi verc erTma kandidatma ver miiRo xmaTa saWiro raodenoba,
pirveli turis Sedegebis oficialuri gamocxadebidan ori kviris Tavze imarTeba arCevnebis
meore turi. arCevnebis meore turSi kenWi eyreba pirvel turSi ukeTesi Sedegis mqone or kandidats. arCeulad CaiTvleba is kandidati, romelic met xmas miiRebs. Tu arCevnebis pirvel
turSi mxolod erTi kandidati monawileobda
da man xmaTa saWiro raodenoba ver miiRo, an
Tu meore turSi ar airCa prezidenti, arCevnebis
dRidan ori Tvis vadaSi imarTeba xelaxali arCevnebi. sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis
dros arCevnebi ar tardeba.
prezidentis morigi arCevnebi tardeba prezidentis uflebamosilebis vadis amowurvis kalendaruli wlis oqtomberSi. arCevnebis TariRs niSnavs saqarTvelos prezidenti arCevnebamde ara ugvianes 60 dRisa. prezidentis arCevnebis wesi da pirobebi, agreTve arCevnebSi kan-
51
didatad monawileobis dauSvebloba ganisazRvreba konstituciiTa da organuli kanoniT.
prezidentis mier Tanamdebobis dakavebisas
imarTeba konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli sazeimo ceremoniali _ inauguracia,
prezidenti
warmoTqvams saprogramo sityvas da debs fics:
`me saqarTvelos prezidenti, RvTisa da eris winaSe vacxadeb, rom davicav saqarTvelos konstitucias, qveynis damoukideblobas, erTianobasa
da ganuyoflobas, keTilsindisierad aRvasruleb prezidentis movaleobas, vizruneb Cemi
qveynis moqalaqeTa usafrTxoebisa da keTildReobisaTvis, Cemi xalxisa da mamulis aRorZinebisa da ZlevamosilebisaTvis~. aRniSnuli ceremoniali imarTeba prezidentis arCevis dRidan
mesame kvira dRes. prezidentis uflebamosileba
wydeba axalarCeuli prezidentis mier ficis
dadebisTanave.
saqarTvelos prezidenti xelSeuvalia. Tanamdebobaze yofnis dros ar SeiZleba misi dapatimreba an sisxlis samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi
micema. prezidentis mier konstituciis darRvevis, saxelmwifo Ralatisa da sisxlis samarTlis sxva danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi parlaments konstituciis 63-e muxlisa da organuli kanoniT dadgenili wesiT SeuZlia Tanamdebobidan gadaayenos prezidenti, Tu:
52
a) konstituciis darRveva dadasturebulia sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT;
b) saxelmwifos Ralatisa da sisxlis
samarTlis sxva danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebi dadasturebulia uzenaesi sasamarTlos daskvniT.
prezidentis ufleba-movaleobebTan dakavSirebiT konstituciaSi Setanili iqna cvlileba,
romelic amoqmeddeba 2013 wlis oqtombris morigi saprezidento arCevnebis Sedegad arCeuli
prezidentis mier ficis dadebis momentidan,
kerZod prezidentis mier konstituciis darRvevis an mis qmedebaSi danaSaulis Semadgenlobis
niSnebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi parlaments SeuZlia konstituciis 63-e muxliTa da kanoniT
dadgenili wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadaayenos
prezidenti.
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier Tavisi uflebamovaleobis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobis
an prezidentis uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi prezidentis movaleobas asrulebs parlamentis Tavmjdomare. xolo parlamentis Tavjdomaris mier saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, agreTve Tu parlamenti daTxovnilia, saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobas asrulebs premier-ministri. parlamentis Tavjdo53
maris mier saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobis Sesrulebis periodSi parlamentis Tavjdomaris movaleobas, parlamentis Tavjdomaris davalebiT, asrulebs parlamentis Tavjdomaris
erT-erTi moadgile. Ppremier-ministris mier saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobis Sesrulebis
periodSi premier-ministris movaleobas asrulebs pirveli vice-premieris uflebamosilebis
mqone mTavrobis wevri.
prezidentis movaleobis Semsrulebels ufleba ara aqvs sakuTari iniciativiT an konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebul sxva SemTxvevebSi gadaayenos mTavroba, Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisuflos saqarTvelos Tavdacvis, Sinagan saqmeTa da
iusticiis ministrebi. agreTve ar aris uflebamosili SeaCeros TviTmmarTvelobis an teritoriuli erTeulebis sxva warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis saqmianoba, an daiTxovos isini, Tu maTi moqmedebiT safrTxe Seeqmna qveynis suverenitets, teritoriul mTlianobas, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoTa konstituciur uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebas da daniSnos referendumi. aRniSnuli uflebamovaleobani mxolod konstituciuri wesiT arCeuli prezidentis prerogativaa. 2013 wlidan zemoTaRniSnuls
emateba Semdegi punqti: prezidentis movaleobis
Semsrulebels uflebamosileba ara aqvs daiT-
54
xovos parlamenti konstituciiT gansazRvrul
SemTxvevebSi.
prezidentis arCevnebi tardeba prezidentis
uflebmosilebis Sewyvetis droidan 45 dRis
ganmavlobaSi da mis Catarebas uzrunvelyofs
parlamenti.
saqarTvelos prezidenti aris saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos meTauri. igi axorcielebs da warmarTavs saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikas. prezidenti aris saqarTvelos umaRlesi
warmomadgeneli sagareo urTierTobebSi.
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
saxelmwifos saxeliT awarmoos molaparakebebi
ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebTan, mxolod saqarTvelos prezidentia uflebamosili dados saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi da SeTanxmebebi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos saxeliT.
prezidenti, parlamentis TanxmobiT, niSnavs
saqarTvelos elCebs da sxva diplomatiur warmomadgenlebs, iRebs ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebisa
da saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa elCebisa da
sxva diplomatiuri warmomadgenlebis akreditacias.
saqarTvelos prezidenti saqarTvelos saxelmwifos saxeliT debs konstituciur SeTanxmebas saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefalur
marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan.
55
saqarTvelos prezidenti warmoadgens saqarTvelos konstituciis, adamianisa da moqalaqis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis garants. es
niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos prezidents ekisreba
personaluri
pasuxismgebloba
saqarTvelos
konstituciisa da adamianis uflebebis dacviTi
meqanizmebis Seuferxebeli moqmedebisaTvis, movalea miiRos zomebi maTi realizaciis uzrunvelsayofad.
saqarTvelos konstituciiT dadgenili wesiT saqarTvelos prezidenti Rebulobs zomebs
saqarTvelos suverenitetis, misi damoukideblobisa da saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobis dacvis
mizniT.
Tavisi saqmianobis ganxorcielebis procesSi saqarTvelos prezidenti iyenebs mxolod
konstituciiT
miniWebul
uflebamosilebebs,
moqmedebs saqarTvelos konstituciis farglebSi [42. 211].
gansakuTrebuli uflebamosilebani gaaCnia
prezidents sakanonmdeblo sferoSi. igi, rogorc saxelmwifos meTauri, iwvevs parlamentis
sesiebs da sxdomebs, xels awers parlamentis
mier miRebul kanonebs, aqvs sakanonmdeblo iniciativis ufleba, SeuZlia gamoiyenos vetos ufleba, e. i. ufleba aqvs motivirebuli SeniSvnebiT daubrunos parlaments miRebuli kanoni.
prezidenti niSnavs parlamentis arCevnebs kano56
niT dadgenili wesiT, niSnavs axlad arCeuli
parlamentis pirveli sxdomis dRes, uflebamosilia, moiTxovos parlamentSi mis mier wardgenili kanonproeqtis riggareSe ganxilva, iwvevs
parlamentis riggareSe sesias an riggareSe
sxdomas, parlamentSi Seaqvs kanonproeqti saqarTvelos konstituciis zogadi an nawilobrivi gadasinjvis Sesaxeb [44. 111].
saqarTvelos prezidenti sargeblobs uflebiT, saqarTvelos parlamentSi iniciativis wesiT gansaxilvelad Seitanos konstituciis zogadi an nawilobrivi gadasinjvis kanonproeqti.
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier wardgenil
kanonproeqtebs prezidentis moTxovniT parlamenti ganixilavs riggareSe.
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, deputatTa aranakleb erTi meoTxedis moTxovniT, an sakuTari
iniciativiT sesiebs Soris periodSi moawyos
parlamentis riggareSe sesia, xolo morigi sesiis mimdinareobisas _ riggareSe sxdoma [7. 277].
saqarTvelos prezidenti niSnavs premier-ministrs, Tanxmobas aZlevs premier-ministrs mTavrobis wevris _ ministris daniSvnaze. uflebamosilia sakuTari iniciativiT an konstituciiT
gaTvaliswinebul sxva SemTxvevebSi gadaayenos
mTavroba, Sinagan saqmeTa da iusticiis ministrebi. iRebs gadawyvetilebas mTavrobis, mTav57
robis wevrisa da kanoniT gansazRvrul sxva Tanamdebobebis pirTa gadadgomis Sesaxeb, uflebamosilia mTavrobas, mTavrobis wevrs daakisros
movaleobaTa Sesruleba mTavrobis axali Semadgenlobis, an mTavrobis axali wevris daniSvnamde.
saqarTvelos prezidenti Tanxmobas aZlevs
mTavrobas parlamentSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis proeqtis wardgenaze. parlaments
warudgens, niSnavs da aTavisuflebs Tanamdebobis pirebs konstituciiTa da kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi dadgenili wesiT.
saqarTvelos prezidenti saqarTveloze SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi acxadebs saomar mdgomareobas, saTanado pirobebis arsebobisas debs zavs da ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa Seaqvs es gadawyvetilebebi parlamentSi dasamtkiceblad.
saqarTvelos prezidenti omianobis Tu masobrivi areulobis, qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis xelyofis, samxedro gadatrialebisa da
SeiaraRebuli amboxebis, ekologiuri katastrofebis da epidemiebis dros, an sxva SemTxvevebSi,
roca saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebi moklebuli arian konstituciur uflebamosilebaTa normaluri ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas,
acxadebs sagangebo mdgomareobas qveynis mTel
teritoriaze, an mis romelime nawilSi da es
58
gadawyvetileba ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa Seaqvs
parlamentSi dasamtkiceblad. saqarTvelos prezidenti Tavisi uflebamosilebaTa realizaciis
mizniT gamoscems brZanebulebebs da gankargulebebs, xolo sagangebo mdgomareobis dros ki
gamoscems kanonis Zalis mqone normatiul aqts
_ dekrets, romelic ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes
saqarTvelos konstitucias, konstituciur kanons. prezidentis dekreti moqmedebs sagangebo
mdgomareobis periodSi masSi miTiTebuli vadiT. dekreti ZalaSi Sedis misi gamoqveynebis
Semdeg [44. 118].
prezidenti sagangebo mdgomareobis dros
gamoscems kanonis Zalis mqone dekretebs, romlebic moqmedebs sagangebo mdgomareobis damTavrebamde, axorcielebs sagangebo RonisZiebebs. dekretebi waredgineba parlaments, roca
igi Seikribeba. sagangebo uflebamosilebani
vrceldeba mxolod im teritoriaze, sadac am
punqtSi aRniSnul mizezTa gamo gamocxadebulia sagangebo mdgomareoba
qveynis meTauri parlamentis TanxmobiT uflebamosilia SeaCeros TviTmmarTvelobis an teritoriuli erTeulebis sxva warmomadenlobiTi
organoebis saqmianoba, an daiTxovos isini, Tu
maTi moqmedebiT safrTxe Seeqmna qveynis suverenitets, teritoriul mTlianobas, saxelmwifo
59
xelisuflebis organoTa konstituciur uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebas.
saqarTvelos prezidenti konstituciisa da
kanonis safuZvelze gamoscems brZanebulebebs
da gankargulebebs. xels awers da aqveynebs kanonebs
konstituciiT
gansazRvruli
wesiT.
wyvets moqalaqeobis, TavSesafris micemis sakiTxebs. aniWebs saxelmwifo jildoebs, umaRles
samxedro, specialur da sapatio wodebebs,
umaRles
diplomatiur
rangebs.
Seiwyalebs
msjavrdebulT.
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
daiTxovos parlamenti konstituciiT dadgenil
SemTxvevebSi garkveuli wesiT. parlamentis daTxovnidan axladarCeuli parlamentis pirvel
Sekrebamde, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, uflebamosilia sagadasaxado da sabiujeto sakiTxebze gamosces kanonis Zalis mqone aqti_dekreti,
romelic Zalas kargavs, Tu axladarCeuli parlamenti pirveli Sekrebidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar daamtkicebs mas.
saqarTvelos prezidenti parlamentis Catarebidan eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi da saqarTvelos prezidentis uflebamosilebis vadis bolo
eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi parlamentis mier konstitiuciiT dadgenil vadaSi mTavrobis SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi uflebamosilia daniSnos premier-mi60
nistri da Tanxmoba misces mas ministrebis daniSvnaze. zemoTaRniSnuli garemoebebis amowurvidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi prezidenti xelaxla warudgens parlaments mTavrobis Semadgenlobas ndobis misaRebad. prezidenti niSnavs
parlamentisa da warmomadgenlobiTi organoebis arCevnebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
SeaCeros an gaauqmos mTavrobisa da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis dawesebulebaTa aqtebi, Tu
isini ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebs, kanonebsa da prezidentis normatiul aqtebs. am SemTxvevaSi prezidenti uflebamosilia
mimarTos xalxs da parlaments. weliwadSi erTxel igi parlaments warudgens moxsenebas qveynis mdgomareobis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebze.
prezidenti axorcielebs konstituciiTa da kanoniT gansazRvrul sxva uflebamosilebebs.
aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas saqarTvelos
prezidenti mTavrobis meSveobiT axorcielebs.
mTavrobis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian premier-ministri da ministrebi. premier-ministri asrulebs
prezidentis calkeul davalebebs. ministrebi ki
xelmZRvaneloben saministroebs, romlebic, kanonis Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyofen saxelmwifo
mmarTvelobas saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis gansazRvrul sferoebSi.
61
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT moiwvios mTavrobis
sxdoma da Tavmjdomareobdes mas. amgvar sxdomaze miRebuli gadawvetilebebi formdeba prezidentis samarTlebrivi aqtebiT.
sasamarTlo xelisuflebis sferoSi prezidentis uflebamosileba gamoixateba imaSi, rom
igi monawileobs sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
dakompleqtebaSi. kerZod, niSnavs sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevrTa erT mesameds.
prezidentis prerogativaa, waradginos generaluri prokuroris kandidatura parlamentSi
dasaniSnad.
saqarTvelos prezidenti, rogorc saqarTvelos samxedro Zalebis umaRlesi mTavarsardali, gamoscems rogorc normatiul ise individualur samarTlebriv aqtebs brZanebis formiT
da igi ZalaSi Sedis misi xelmoweris momentidan, Tu imave brZanebiT sxva vada ar iqna dadgenili [44. 112, 119].
saqarTvelos prezidenti saqarTvelos samxedro Zalebis umaRlesi mTavarsardalia. samxedro aRmSeneblobisa da qveynis Tavdacvis organizaciisaTvis saqarTveloSi iqmneba erovnuli
uSiSroebis sabWo, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs
saqarTvelos prezidenti. igi niSnavs erovnuli
uSiSroebis sabWos wevrebs, Tanamdebobaze niS62
navs da Tanamdebobidan gadaayenebs saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gaerTianebuli Stabis ufross, sxva mxedarTmTavrebs. 2004 wlis 11
noembris saqarTvelos organuli kanonis `erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos Sesaxeb~ pirveli muxlis me-2 punqtis Tanaxmad, erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWo aris saqarTvelos prezidentis saTaTbiro organo, romelic Seqmnilia samxedro
aRmSeneblobisa da qveynis Tavdacvis organizaciis, erovnul uSiSroebasTan dakavSirebuli
saSinao da sagareo politikis, stabilurobisa
da marTlwesrigis uzrunvelyofis strategiul
sakiTxebze, agreTve qveynis usafrTxoebis sferoSi umaRlesi politikuri gadawyvetilebebis
misaRebad.
am kanonis me-3 muxliT erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos sxdomebs Tavmjdomareobs saqarTvelos prezidenti. erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos
mudmivi wevrebi arian: saqarTvelos premier-ministri, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministri,
saqarTvelos Tavdacvis ministri, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo uSiSroebis ministri, saqarTvelos
Sinagan saqmeTa ministri, saqarTvelos finansTa
ministri da saqarTvelos prezidentis TanaSemwe erovnuli uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi - erovnuli
uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani. erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos sxdomebis muSaobaSi uSualod mona-
63
wileobs saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos prezidentis gadawyvetilebiT, erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos sxdomaze dasaswrebad SeiZleba mowveuli iqnen sxva pirebi.
saqarTvelos prezidenti niSnavs da gadaayenebs mxedarTmTavrebs,
amtkicebs samxedro Zalebis struqturas.
aseve, aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTaSoriso
valdebulebaTa Sesasruleblad samxedro ZalTa gamoyeneba dauSvebelia saqarTvelos parlamentis Tanxmobis gareSe. garda amisa, saxelmwifos Tavdacvis mizniT, gansakuTrebul da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, saqarTvelos prezidenti iRebs gadawyvetilebas qveyanaSi sxva saxelmwifos samxedro Zalis Semoyvanis, gamoyenebisa da gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb. gadawyvetileba dauyovnebliv waredgineba parlaments dasamtkiceblad da ZalaSi Sedis parlamentis Tanxmobis Semdeg.
prezidenti saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da
kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da
gansazRvruli wesiT uflebamosilia daniSnos,
gaaTavisuflos da parlaments dasamtkiceblad
warudginos gansazRvruli Tanamdebobis pirebi.
saqarTvelos konstituciiT saqarTvelos prezidents eniWeba uflebamosileba:
64
a) daniSnos saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 3 wevri;
b) saqarTvelos parlaments asarCevad warudginos saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomarisa da uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTleebis kandidaturebi;
g) saqarTvelos parlaments dasaniSnad warudginos saqarTvelos generaluri prokuroris
kandidatura;
d) saqarTvelos parlaments asarCevad warudginos saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis sabWos
wevrebis kandidatura;
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
Seiwyalos msjavrdebulebi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da gansazRvruli wesiT.
prezidentis mier miRebuli rezoluciebi
gamoicema brZanebulebebis saxiT.
prezidentis brZanebuleba, romelic gamoicema saqarTvelos mTavrobis wevris Tanamdebobaze daniSvnisa da Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis, saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis miniWebis, mopovebis, Sewyvetisa da aRdgenis Taobaze, agreTve sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevris daniSvnis Sesaxeb, gamonaklisis saxiT warmoadgens
ara normatiul, aramed individualur samarTlebriv aqts.
65
saqarTvelos
konstituciaSi
Setanili
cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, romelic ZalaSi Seva
2013 wlidan, aRniSnulia, rom saqarTvelos prezidenti mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT awarmoebs
sagareo urTierTobebs. amasTan konstituciiT
gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi parlaments warudgens, niSnavs, aTavisuflebs da gadaayenebs Tanamdebobis pirebs; organuli kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili wesiT monawileobs centraluri saarCevno komisiis wevrebisa da Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobaze ganwesebaSi; mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT parlaments warudgens erovnuli maregulirebeli organoebis
wevrTa kandidaturebs.
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis axalarCeuli umaRlesi sabWos uflebamosilebis cnobidan 10 dRis vadaSi, umaRles sabWoSi warmodgenil politikur subieqtebTan konsultaciis
Semdeg, saqarTvelos mTavrobis winaswari TanxmobiT, umaRles sabWos dasamtkiceblad warudgens aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mTavrobis
Tavmjdomaris kandidaturas.
saqarTvelos konstituciis 731 muxli, romelic Seexeba kontrasignaciis sakiTxs, amoqmeddeba 2013 wlidan.
saqarTvelos prezidentis samarTlebrivi
aqtebi, garda saomari mdgomareobis dros gamocemuli aqtebisa da am muxlis me-2_me-4 punqte66
biT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa, saWiroebs
premier-ministris kontrasignaciebs.
kontrasignacias ar saWiroebs saqarTvelos
prezidentis brZaneba, garda konstituciiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. kontrasignacias ar saWiroebs saqarTvelos prezidentis is samarTlebrivi aqtebi, romlebic, konstituciis Sesabamisad, gamocemulia mTavrobis
wardginebiT an romlebzedac mTavrobas micemuli aqvs winaswari Tanxmoba.
kontrasignacias ar saWiroebs saqarTvelos
prezidentis is samarTlebrivi aqtebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba:
a. parlamentis arCevnebis daniSvnas da mis
daTxovnas konstituciis me-80 muxlis safuZvelze,
axalarCeuli
parlamentis
pirveli sxdomis mowvevas, agreTve parlamentis riggareSe sxdomis an sesiis
mowvevas;
b. kanonis xelmoweras da gamoqveynebas, agreTve parlamentSi kanonproeqtis SeniSvnebiT dabrunebas;
g. konstituciiT gansazRvrul Tanamdebobis pirTa wardgenas, daniSvnas, gaTavisuflebas da gadayenebas, Tu konstituciiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli;
67
d. sasamarTloSi, sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi mimarTvas;
e. premier-ministrobis kandidatis wamoyenebas da premier-ministris daniSvnas;
v. mTavrobisaTvis movaleobis Sesrulebis
dakisrebas konstituciis me-80 muxlis
pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad;
z. saxelmwifo jildoebisa da specialuri
wodebebis miniWebas;
T. moqalaqeobis miniWebasa da Sewyvetas;
i. mTavrobis sxdomaze sakiTxis ganxilvis
moTxovnas konstituciis 78-e muxlis me-6
punqtiT dadgenili wesiT;
k. prezidentis administraciis da erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos saqmianobas;
l. saomari mdgomareobis gamocxadebasa
da gauqmebas;
m. msjavrdebulTa Sewyalebas;
prezidentis samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic
saWiroebs kontrasignacias, qveyndeba da samarTlebriv Sedegebs warmoSobs mxolod kontrasignaciis SemTxvevaSi.
kontrasignaciis SemTxvevaSi samarTlebriv
aqtebze pasuxismgebloba ekisreba mTavrobas.
saqarTvelos parlamentis, aranakleb 200000
amomrCevlis moTxovniT, an sakuTari iniciativiT saqarTvelos
prezidenti konstituciiTa
da organuli kanoniT gansazRvrul sakiTxebze
68
niSnavs referendums misi Catarebis moTxovnis
miRebidan 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
ar SeiZleba referendumis mowyoba kanonis
misaRebad, an gasauqmeblad, amnistiisa da Sewyalebis gamo, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa da
SeTanxmebaTa ratificirebisa da denonsirebis
Sesaxeb, agreTve iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic
zRudaven adamianis ZiriTad konstituciur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs.
referendumis daniSvnasa da CatarebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganisazRvreba organuli kanoniT.
saqarTvelos prezidentis uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis mizniT iqmneba
saqarTvelos prezidentis administracia. saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciis ufross
Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da aTavisuflebs, agreTve administraciis struqturasa da saqmianobis
wess gansazRvravs saqarTvelos prezidenti.
69
meore Tavi
centraluri xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo da
aRmasrulebeli struqturebi
§1. darbazi
rogorc viciT, monarqiis dros qveynis saTaveSi dgas mefe, romelic qveynis umaRlesi
warmomadgenelia. mTavari organo, romlis meSveobiTac mefe axorcielebs
sakanonmdeblo da
aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas, aris darbazi,
romelsac didi roli eniWeba XVIII saukunis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. faqtiurad, yvela saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis saqme ganixileba
darbazSi. `darbazi~ vaxtang meeqvsis `dasturlamalSi~ mejlisis saxeliTac aris moxseniebuli. daviT batoniSvili ki Tavis naSromSi `saqarTvelos samarTlisa da kanonmcodneobis mimoxilva~, sityva darbazs ar iyenebs. mis nacvlad avtori termin `samefo sabWos~ xmarobs.
darbazis, rogorc saxelmwifo organos raobas,
CubinaSvili Semdegnairad xsnis: `darbazi didebulTa da mefeTa palati~. mixeil kekelia gamoTqvams varauds, rom darbazma Tavdapirvelad
es saxelwodeba nagebobis gamomxatveli sityvidan miiRo. darbazi iyo TavSesayreli adgili,
romelSic saxelmwifo xasiaTis sakiTxebi wyde70
boda. amas bevri sabuTi adasturebs: `Sekriben
karsa darbazisa Cuenisasa~ _ vkiTxulobT bagrat IV-is opizis sigelSi [13. 132].
darbazi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo wyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisa iyo. is Sedgeboda darbazis erisagan. darbazis eri (aqedan
sityva `darbaiseli~) gulisxmobda yvela vazirs
da mis xelqveiT moxeles, agreTve saqveynod
gamrige moxeleebsa da sasuliero wodebis mesveurebs. `wesi da gangeba mefed kurTxevisa~ da
`xelmwifis karis garigeba~ gvamcnobs darbazis
eris `dgomisa da jdomis wess~. `istoriani da
azmanis~ teqstis saTanado adgilebi gvirkveven
darbazobis wesis rig sakiTxs. am wyaroTa Cvenebebis gaTvaliswinebiT ivane javaxiSvils aRdgenili aqvs darbazis Semadgenlobisa da darbazobis ceremonialis suraTi.
darbazi _ saxelmwifo sabWo ikribeboda mefis TavmjdomareobiT. darbazis Semadgenlobis
erT nawils jdomis ufleba hqonda, meore nawils ki ara. moxeleTa im nawilSi, romelsac
jdomis ufleba hqonda, yvelas erTnairi privilegiebi ar gaaCnda. vazirebi oqroWedil selebze isxdnen, momdevno rangis xelisufalni Cveulebriv dasajdomebze _ amaTgan zogs _ `sasTaulic~ (baliSi) edo, zogs ki_ara. jdomis wesis
am garegnul gamoxatulebaSi Canda TviT moxeleTa ierarqiuli wyobac. darbazis kompetencia71
Si Sedioda kanonmdebloba da uzenaesi marTlmsajuleba, omis gamocxadebis, did xelisufalTa arCeva-daniSvnis, zavis dadebis da sxva
sakiTxebi [32. 349].
gansxvavebiT zemoTaRniSnuli wyaroebisagan, vaxtang VI-is `dasturlamalSi~ ar aris Camoyalibebuli da zustad gansazRvruli darbazobis da masSi monawile pirTa funqciebi. SedarebiT meti informaciaa Semonaxuli da daculi daviT batoniSvilis sakanonmdeblo ZeglebSi.
XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi garkveuli cvlilebebi moxda darbazSi, anu saxelmwifo sabWoSi. darbazi adrec da XVIII saukunis I naxevarSic formalurad saTaTbiro organo iyo. Tumca,
XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi, erekle II-is reformebis Sedegad mudmivmoqmed dawesebulebad iqca.
sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos samefoSi XI-XIII saukuneebSi, gansxvavebiT XVIII saukunis II naxevris qarTl-kaxeTis
samefosagan, darbazi ar iyo mudmivmoqmedi organo. darbazs periodulad iwvevdnen sakanonmdeblo da saaRsruleblo sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. mudmivmoqmed dawesebulebas savaziro
warmoadgenda. darbazis instituti damaxasiaTebeli iyo, rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT
saqarTvelosaTvis. `minaxula Tamaz mesxma, is
aris mefis sabWos wevri~ _ uTiTebs dasavleT
72
saqarTvelos samefos aRweraSi mogzauri giuldenStedti [13. 133].
dasturlamalSi, sadac didi darbazobis
ceremoniali kargad aris aRwerili, araferi ar
aris naTqvami darbazobis Semadgenlobisa da
funqciebis Sesaxeb.
qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa didi umravlesoba iranis saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa yaidaze iyo agebuli. qarTlis samefoSi gabatonebuli iyo sparsuli saxelmwifo
samarTlis terminebi. dasturlamalSi, ZiriTadad gvxvdeba Tanamdebobis aRmniSvneli sparsulidan Semosuli terminebi. vaxuSti batoniSvili aRniSnavs, rom sparsuli gavleniT Semosuli saxelebi rostom mefes ukavSirdeba. `xolo
rostom xelisufalTa uwoda: msaxurTuxucessa
_ yorCibaSi, monaTuxucessa _ yularaRasi, spaspetsa _ sardari, meWurWleTuxucessa _ molareTuxucesi, Cunxarexsa _ sufraji, CaCnagirsa _
sufraqeSi, mandaturTuxucess _ eSikaRasi, mandaturs _ sopbaTiasauli, boqauls _ eliaRaji,
msajulTuxucess _ mdivanbegi, ezosmoZRvars _
naziri, mestumreTuxucess _ muhmandari, mweralsa _ muSribi, xuroTmoZRvars _ sariadari~ [6.
131].
es Tanamdebobebi am saxelwodebiT gvxvdeba
vaxtang VI-is dasturlamalSic. dasturlamalis
garigebisa da sargos wignebis Sinaarsobrivi
73
analizis saSualebiT daaxloebiT SeiZleba gamovarkvioT
TiToeuli
moxele-xelisuflis,
darbazis rigisa Tu saqveynod gamrige moxelis
ufleba-movaleobani. xolo sargos wigniT davadginoT raodenoba im fuladi da suladi gasamrjelosi, romelic moxeleebs eZleodaT, rogorc jamagiri saxelmwifo da sakariskaco samsaxuris asrulebisaTvis. Tumca yvela xelisuflis garigebis da sargos wigni Tanabrad sruli ar aris da xSirad samoxeleo terminebis
ubralo CamoTvlasTan gvaqvs saqme. amitom zogi
saxelis Sinaarsis da zogierTi moxelis ufleba-movaleobis gansazRvra sxva saTanado sabuTebisa da iuridiuli Zeglebis gamoyenebiT da damowmebiT Tu xerxdeba. ase rom, imis gamorkveva,
Tu romeli moxele, romel xelqveiTs emorCileboda, romel saxeloSi Sedioda an moxeleTa
romel asnafs anu Tabuns ekuTvnoda, metismetad
Zneldeba [4. 010].
`dasturlamalis~ Seqmnis mizani vaxtang VI
Sesaval nawilSive gamoxata da Camoayaliba:
`odes vigulis-modgineT wesi da gangeba samefosa darbazobisa, ganuCineT da ganvuweseT wigniTa amiT, raTa yovelni xelisufalni da moqmedni darbazis rigisani esreT iqceoden da ganagebdnen TÂs TÂsni moxeleni saxelTa TÂsTa, da
wesiTa da SemgzavrebiTa iqceodnen~ [10.111].
74
`dasturlamalSi~ darbazobis anu saxelmwifo sabWos sxdomis Catarebas ewodeboda ara
darbazoba, aramed mejlisi. ra sakiTxebs ganixilavda darbazi, amis Sesaxeb `dasturlamalSi~
zustad ar aris miTiTebuli. magram Zeglidan
Cans, rom mejliss eswrebodnen: mdivani, saxlTuxucesi, naziri. mdivnebis daswreba darbazobaze ki imis maCvenebelia, rom aq ganxiluli sakiTxebi unda aRenusxa, Caewera mas. aRniSnul
ZeglSi, mdivnebis sargo calke punqtad aris
gansazRvruli. `mdivnebis sargo yovel weliwads gardakuÀTiT bevri mova Tu cota: zarafxanidam, Tumani Tormetnaxevari; Celieqidam
TuTxmeti minalTuni, tyvis baJidam, rac dadgebis, TerTmetis Tavis meoTxedi; agreTve yafnidam, agreTve arayxanadam; yasabxanis magier qarxnidam qoni litra; eliseTazis TerTmetis Tavis meoTxedis naxevari; agreve qodavidam, qalaqis baSmalzed naxevar Sauri; yaiyulis malidam
Tavzeda naxevari Sauri, egreve bolnisis malidam; agreve Sulaverisa, da TeTr soflidam; agreTve taSiridam, diRmis malidam Tavzed naxevari Sauri; kodis puris TerTmetis Tavis meoTxedis naxevari; agreTve sabalaxidam; agreve piris
Tavidam; agreTve naxiris Tavidam; agreTve zurebisagan, kuluxisagan, saxasos purisa da Ralisagan sadiasaxlos erbos gardaisad...~ mdivans
mdivanbegebTan samsaxuris mesamedi ergebodaT.
75
mTlianobaSi ki maTi Semosavali, rogorc vaxtang VI aRniSnavs ZeglSi `salTxucis~ msgavsad
aqvs, romelsac Semdegnairad aqvs gansazRvruli
sargo: `yovel weliwads zarafxanidam gardakuÀTiT, bevri mova Tu cota, Tumani ocdaxuTi;
Celeqidam Tumani sami, tyvis baJidam TerTmeTis
Tavis naxevari, agreve qodavidam. qalaqis malzed Tavzed naxevar Sauri; yaiyulis malzed
Tavzed naxevar-Sauri. agreTve bolnisis malzed, agreve Sulaveris da TeTr-soflisazed,
agreTve taSiozed, agreTve jurors, andikasa ad
damblutzed, agreve gorisazed Tavzed ori Sauri. diRmis malzed sam-ful-naxevari; kodis purebisa yvelgan TerTmetis Tavis meoTxedis naxevari; agreve sabalaxeebisa, agreve piris-Tavebidam, agreve zurebis kuluxisa, agreve saxasos
purebidam da Ralsa sadiasaxlisos erbos garda. rac sabatonos erbos mosavlisa, TerTmetis
Tavis naxevari; oden axCis TerTmetis _ Tavis
naxevari; agreve samaspinZloebisa da saaRdgomosaSobaosi; tuxtus _ meTerTmetis Tavis meoTxedis naxevari; agreve iaRlujis sayoreulis
brinjisa; amisi asre aris: Tu ruebs xasadari
adgia, imisis mosavlis TeTrmetis Tavis meoTxedis naxevari aris, daTu kasadari ara adgas da
ijariT an amanaTad mibarebuli aris, imisi TeTrmetis Tvis naxevari aris; agreve abreSumisa,
76
banbisa Tu rasac ferisa ruebzed mosavalsa,
fugTuqunis barxanisa wili aqus~ [10. 76, 77].
`dasturlamalidan~ Cans, rom darbazobaze
adgendnen saqmian sabuTebs an sigelebs, ixilavdnen samefo mmarTvelobis sxvadasxva sakiTxs.
aq SeiZleboda ganexilaT konkretuli sasamarTlo saqme. samefo sabWoSi monawileebs `darbaiselni~ ewodebodaT. dasturlamalSi ki `aris
gamrigeni~. darbazobis ceremonials specialuri
reglamenti ar gaaCnda da sxvadasxva wesiT tardeboda. mas iwvevda mefe da TviTon Tavmjdomareobda. sxdomebs eswrebodnen: kaTalikosi, arqiepiskoposi, mitropoliti, episkoposebi, winamZRvrebi, muxran batoni, aragvisa da qsnis erisTavebi, sardlebi, amilaxvrebi, mdivnebi da sxva
darbaiselni. magram darbazis aseTi Semadgenloba mudmivi ar iyo da arc zustad gansazRvruli. darbazSi mowveulTa raodenoba da Semadgenloba ganpirobebuli iyo im sakiTxebis mixedviT, rac unda ganxiluliyo da gadawyvetiliyo. qarTlis mefe didi da rTuli sakiTxebis
gadasawyvetad iwvevda msxvil feodalTa Tu saeklesio moRvaweTa farTo wres, xolo yoveldRiuri muSaobisaTvis yavda mcire sabWo [35.
151]. ivane surgulaZis dakvirvebiT, darbazi qarTlis mefis saTaTbiro organocaa, radgan formalurad SeuzRudavia, magram faqtobrivad igi
77
msxvil feodalTa gareSe ver wyvets mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs [35. 153].
darbazobis orgvari wesi arsebobda: didi
da mcire. mcire darbazobis Sesaxeb araviTari
cnobebi ar Semonaxula. did darbazobaze ki SedarebiT sruli cnobebi moipoveba; did darbazobas dasturlamalSic vrceli adgili aqvs
daTmobili. darbaiselni or jgufad iyofodnen.
maTi amgvari dayofa `didron~ da `mcire~ darbaislebad wodebriobis mixedviT unda yofiliyo.
istorikos sexnia CxeiZes amis Sesaxeb sagulisxmo cnoba moepoveba. iq naTqvamia: `daibara yeenma mefe da ismina brZaneba xelmwifisa da wabZanda didiTa da mciriT darbaisliTa da daagdo
Ze misi batoniSvili gamgeblad saqarTveloisa~.
Semdeg: `qoronikonis 31 Tebervals kÀ, wabZanda
aprils kb didiTa pativiTa da jarjiTa, iaxln
qarTvelni darbaiselni, mciredi da didi iyo
samasi kaci~ [4. 226].
qarTlis saxelmwifo darbazSi darbaislebs Tav-TavianTi adgilebi hqondaT gankuTvnili da `Tav-Tavis alags isxdnen~. magram yvela
darbaiseli jdomis Rirsi ara yofila. papuna
orbelianis darbazobis aRwerilobaSi naTqvamia: `ra gansrulda rigi milocvisa, wamodgnen
mdivnebi wesisaebr, waikiTxes davTarni, moiwvies
darbaiselni, vina jdomisa Rirsi iyvnen, vina
dgomisa: dimitri orbeliani (eSikaRasbaSi) saun78
je yovlisa keTilisa egre ganagebda rigTa da
wesTa mejlisisaTa~ [25. 386].
rogorc aRvniSneT, vaxtang VI-is dasturlamalSi xSirad aris naxsenebi termini `mejlisi~.
valerian gabaSvilis mosazrebiT, es termini gamoiyeneba darbazobis nacvlad. surgulaZis azriT, ki mejlisi darbazobis Semdgomi puroba
unda iyos. rac Seexeba darbazobis mowvevas, es
mefis prerogativa iyo. gansxvavdeboda mcire da
didi mejlisi. `dasturlamalSi~ vkiTxulobT:
`rodesac inebos mefeman, anu mflobelman samefosa taxtisaman Semzados seri didi da daidvas nadimi, brZanos qorsa da sersa zeda dageba
tablisa da mejlisisa, esreT: rodesac batoni
dids saxlSi dabrZandes, is saxlis rus aweuli
da sul mofenili rom iyos~ [10. 77]. darbazobis
dros wesebis Sesaxeb mcire cnobebia daculi
dasturlamalSi. Tumca, erTi faqti naTlad
Cans, didi darbaislebisTvis saTanado pativi
unda ecaT. `batoni rom taxtze brZandebodes
imis pirdapir win rom boZi aris, eSikaRasbaSi
erTi iqiT da erTi aqeT im boZTan dadgebodnen;
im boZidan or boZs qveviT ranic xel-joxianebi,
an soibaT iasaulebi iyunen, iq naxevari iqiT da
naxevari aqeT rigzed dadgebodnen. darbaiselni
rom SemobrZandebodnen, didroans kacebs aqaTman eSikaRasbaSman aqaT uCvenos alami da iqiTman iqiT misruli daawuÀvinos da aqaTma aqaTi
79
mosuli daawuÀvinos. batons ukan yorCibaSi da
yularaRasi zezed dadgebodnen, batonis brZanebamdin nu dasjdebian, yuli da yorCi rigzed
daayenon, yoriasaulic iq daayenon da imaTi
dgoma gaarigon~ [10. 78]. dasturlamalSi aRwerilia agreTve `Sua saxlSi mejlisis ceremoniali. `Tu Sua saxlSi mejlisi brZanos, erTi eSikaRasi dadges da ori boqaulTuxucesi aqeT da
iqiT, am wesiT gaarigon: erTi sufraji, ori fareSTuxucesi, oTxi TuSmali, equsi sufraqeSi,
oTxi megodreTuxucesi, oTxi meSarbaTe, eqvsi
abdari, erTi meRvineTuxucesi, erTi piris meRvine, erTi Sigamdegi, eqvsi meRvine. eseni imav zemoTis wesiT imsaxurebodnen, salTxuci da naziri gaarigebdnen da dadgebodnen; erTi mdivanic
imaTTan iqmnebodes~ [10. 79].
valerian gabaSvilis ganmartebiT, `salTxucesi~ da `naziri~, rogorc Cans, marto darbazobis saerTo ceremonialis Sesrulebis dros
idgnen da darbazobis wessa da rigs ganagebdnen, xolo roca darbaislebs TavTavianT adgils uCvenebdnen da dasxamdnen, TviTonac unda
damsxdariyvnen. ase magaliTad, yorCibaSze da
yularaRasze naTqvamia: `batonis brZanebamdis
nu dasxdebian~. aqedan cxadi xdeba, rom fexze
mdgomi karis moxeleebic unda damsxdariyvnen.
oRond batonis brZanebis Semdeg. rogorc Cans,
darbazSi mxolod darbazobis mTavari gamrige
80
xelisuflis eSikaRasbaSis qveSeTi moxeleni unda mdgariyvnen.
zemoT moyvanili citatebidan cxadi xdeba,
rom xeljoxiani moxeleni darbazobis ceremonialis msvlelobas xelmZRvanelobdnen da oberceremonmaisteris msgavsi movaleobis amsrulebeli eSikaRasbaSis meTaurobiT darbazobis wesrigs icavdnen. darbazobis purobis gaweva salTxucessa da nazirsac hqonia dakisrebuli.
`salTxucesi da naziri gaarigebdnen da dadgebodnen~ [4. 29, 30].
arsebobda `didis saxlis mejlisic~, romelic, rogorc Cans, ufro didi datvirTvis mqone iyo. `rodesac didis saxlis mejlisi brZanos, rom erT-pirmofenili iyos da rusebi aweuli hqondes... iqiT dabZandes Tu aqeT, erTi eSikaRasbaSi, ori boqaulTuxucesi, oTxi soibaT
iasauli aqeT da iqiT, erTi sufraji, ori fareSTuxucesi, oTxi TuSmali, eqvsi sufraqeSi,
oTxi megodreTuxucesi, oTxi meSarbaTe, eqvsi
abdari, erTi meRvineTuxucesi, erTi piris meRvine, erTi Sigamdegi, eqvsi meRvine _ eseni emsaxurebodnen, salTxucesi da naziri dadgebodnen
[10. 79, 80].
Cvens mier ganxilul ZeglSi calke nawili
eZRvneba mejlisis dros misi uflebebis daxasiaTebas maTi Tanamdebobis mixedviT `romelmac
Wamis moxeleman da mosamsaxureman Tavis samsa81
xuri gaaTavos, da aq dgomis nispaTi aRar hqondes karSi gavidodes da iq idgebodes. nurc eSikaRasbaSi da salTxucesi, nurc boqaulTuxucesi da soibaT iasauli, Tav-TavisTvis, fonCas nu
daadgmevinebdnen, rac yabi morCebodnen, gareT
gaitandnen. naziri da soibaT iasauli dadgebodnen, da zezed mdegs xeljoxiansa yulsa, yafiCsa, iasaulsa, rasac asnafs moxeles, zogs yabiT, zogs boSyabiT, rogorc gaxvdes, im guarad
gauyofdnen.
rodesac eSikaRasbaSi da saxlTxucesi dajdebodnen, batonis winadam sufrajman saWmeli
miarTuas. sufris aRebamdin saWmels nuravin aiRebs. ra xan sufris aReba brZanos, yovels mosamsaxures yuluxCs xonCiT _ da _ xonCiT yovels axnafs soibaT iasaulma misces [10. 53]. an
kidev: yafiCisa asre iqmnas: romelsac saxlSi
batoni brZandebodes, ori yafiCi im saxls karzed daadgebodes. rac amaSi yuluxCi ar dagviweria, mis mets mosamsaxures ar SemouSvebs. am
saxls kars-gareT yafiCs mokidebiT sxuani yafiCebi da meTofeni warigebiT iqiT da aqeT dadgebodnen. memaSeT rom darbaiselT maSia aiRon,
qveviT daayenon, nu wamoaxveven. jarCebi, TaoSebi da iasaulebi gareT didis karis yafiCiT
dadgebodnen da romelic samsaxuri ubrZanon,
amaTac saWmels miscemden. salTxucesi da naziri sufris garigebamdis iq idgebodnen, karg-gu82
arad miaRebinebdnen, karg saWmels nuravis gaatanineben. agreve sufris miRebamdin, erTi mdivanic idgebodes: an wignis dawera iTqmis, an samarTali rom Camovardebis egebis batonma ubrZanos rame~ [10. 54].
zemoaRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo ZeglSi sxvadasxva moxeleTa sargos ganawilebis wesi sruliad aris aRwerili. amis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT:
`CuÀn sruliad eranis mdivanbegman da saqarTuÀlos janiSinman, patronma Sahyulixan Cuenis karis eSikaRasbaSis, boqaulTuxucesisa da yafiCisa, iasaulis sargo da an yofa am guarad gavarigeT, ase gvibrZanebia: romelsac xeljoxiansa,
didsa Tu cotasa, anu uxeljoxianosa Cven danistrad samsaxuri ubrZanosT, imasTan arc boqaulTuxucess da arc yafiCebs, arc iasaulebs
Ãeli ar aqusT. magram rac im danistrad warsulman kacman saiasaulo iSovnos, imisic meoTxedi eSikaRasbaSs moutanos. sxuas xeljoxians
Ãel ara aqus. sxua edinastrod an Cvengan an
mdivanbegisagan rac garigebodes, an ganaCeni daiwerebodes. imisi wignebi yafiCs miebarebodes
da is gagzavnides~ [10. 16].
qarTul iuridiul literaturaSi gaziarebulia mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad mefeebi darbazs iwvevdnen umniSvnelovanesi saxelmwifo
saqmeebis gansaxilvelad. igi drodadro ikribeboda iseT sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric
83
iyo: ucxo qveynebis elCebisa da mociqulebis miReba da agreTve sagangebo zeimisa da dResaswaulebis gadaxda.
mmarTvelobis centraluri aparatis moxeleebs `darbazis rigis moxeleni~ an `karis gamrigeni~ ewodebodaT. es aparati saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroebSi daaxloebiT erTnairi iyo da
arsebiTi xasiaTis gansxvaveba maT Soris ar yofila. mmarTvelobis centraluri aparati sameurneo-safinanso, policiuri samsaxuris, mefis
dacvisa da marTlmsajulebis dargebs Seicavda.
aqedan Cven ukve visaubreT mefis dacvisa da sameurneo-safinanso aparatis Sesaxeb, romlis
xelmZRvaneli `salTxucesia~. rac Seexeba policiis samsaxurs, mis saTaveSi dgas boqaulTuxucesi. marTlmsajulebas ki mTlianad ganagebs
mdivanbegi.
saxelmwifo
sasamarTlo
dawesebulebas
`divani~ ewodeboda, romlis saTaveSi mdivanbegi
idga. vaxtang meeqvsis samarTlis wignidan da
dasturlamalidan Cans, rom mdivanbegs yovelgvari saqmis garCeva SeeZlo, garda e. w. `didi
saqmisa~, romelic mefis gansakuTrebul kompetencias Seadgenda. mdivanbegis sasamarTlo moRvaweobis asparezi zustad iyo gansazRvruli.
dasturlamalis da vaxtangis samarTlis wignis
mixedviT aucileblad mtkicdeba, rom mdivanbegs, rogorc mosamarTles umTavresad sisxlis
84
samarTlis saqmeebi eqvemdebareboda, da samoqalaqo da gansakuTrebiT saojaxo samarTlis
dargi sxvadasxva adgilobriv sasamarTlo dawesebulebebs da feodalur moxele-mosamarTleTa
Soris iyo ganawilebuli [4. 48]. mdivanbegTan dakavSirebiT dasturlamalSi vkiTxulobT: `nebiTa da SewevniTa RuTisaTa, da wyalobiTa didis
ÃelmwifisaTa, Cven qarTvelT mefisa, sruliad
eranis spasalarisa yardaarisa da qirmanisa beglar-begisa, ziriSqisa da pialaxTa mWerisa, Cvenis Zmis mefis patronis Sahnavaz-xanis magierad
myofelman, eranis mdivanbegma, saqarTvelos janiSinman patronman Sah-buli xan, da Zeman Cvenman
patronman qaixosrom patronman vaxtang, iase,
svmon, Teimuraz; ese mtkice da mouSleli mdivanbegobis wesi da rigi dasturlama giboZeT,
Tqven, CvenTa erTgulTa da wesisaebriv Tav-dadebiT namsaxurs orbelisSvils, mdivanbegis vaxtangis Svils erastis. mas Jamsa odes viguleT
da vigulismodgineT da mdivanbegobis wesi da
rigi mokiTxuli vhqeniT. da am wesiT yofiliyo
garigebuli da axlac am wesiT gviboZebia~ [10.
56].
daviT batoniSvilis `saqarTvelos kanonmcodneobis da samarTlis mimoxilva~ ufro
mdidaria darbazis, anu samefo sabWos _ rogorc TviTon uwodebs _ Sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebiT. `samefo sabWo~ ganixilavda saxelmwi85
foebrivi mniSvnelobis yvela sakiTxs. `samefo
sabWoSi~ erTiandebodnen maRali wodebis warmomadgenlebi.
`Царской Непременной Совет или
Верховное Правительство собирается из первейших
князей,
всеобщего
довененностию
облеченных,
опытных, и в государственном правлении совершенно
искусных. Число членов состоит в воле царского
высочества. В составе председательствовал сам царь и без
присуствия его Совет не собираля~ [2. 236, 237]. `samefo sabWo~ ganixilavda samoqalaqo da saomar
sakiTxebs. `Повелением Верховного царского Совета
повинуются
все
состояния
грузинского
народа,
противники, несмотря ни на чье лицо, хотя бы кто-нибудь
был из членов царского дома, подвергаются наказанию,
как ослушники власти законодательной. Непременный
Совет есть место, охраняющее законы и всю силу их в
полной неприкосновенности.
Совет управлает всеми государственными делами,
как военными, так и гражданскими.
Он неусыпное имеет попечание о благосостоянии
государства.
По расчислению и нахначению его налагаются
подати и повинности~ [2. 237].
samefo sabWo aseve ganixilavda qveyanaSi
mimdinare socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul
sakiTxebs. faqtiurad, samefo sabWos meSveobiT
86
mefe axorcielebda sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas.
§2. parlamenti
termini parlamenti inglisuri `parliament~isgan momdinareobs, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, safuZvlad franguli `parles~, anu laparaki udevs.
pirveli parlamenti, rogorc umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo, mefis absoluturi xelisuflebis SezRudvis mizniT, XIII saukuneSi inglisSi Seiqmna. igi Sedgeboda didi feodalebis, umaRlesi sasuliero pirebis, qalaqebisa da
sagrafoebis warmomadgenelTagan. parlamentarizmis idea droTa ganmavlobaSi sxva qveynebSic gavrcelda da XVIII saukunidan moyolebuli parlamentma TandaTanobiT Tanamedrove warmomadgenlobiTi institutis saxe miiRo. dRes
termini `parlamenti~, Cveulebriv, gamoiyeneba
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organos sazogado saxelad, miuxedavad imisa, rom sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mas sxvadasxva saxeli hqvia (magaliTad, aSS-Si kongresi,
espaneTSi _ generaluri kortesebi, litvaSi _
seimi, SveciaSi _ rikstagi da a. S.).
naSromis wina paragrafSi Cven visaubreT
XVIII saukunis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mudmiv87
moqmedi organos `darbazis~ funqciebis Sesaxeb,
romlis meSveobiTac qveynis pirveli piri, mefe
axorcielebda sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel
xelisuflebas da darbazobis ceremonialsac
Tavad uZRveboda. darbazis wevrebi, anu darbaiselni warmoadgendnen qveynis umaRles saero da
sasuliero aristokratias. maTgan umravlesobas
ekava maRali Tanamdeboba da qonebrivi cenzis
mixedviT iyo warmodgenili darbazobaze.
gansxvavebiT darbazisgan, dReisaTvis qarTul saxelisuflebo sistemaSi parlamenti damoukidebel erTeuls warmoadgens, romelsac
xelmZRvanelobs parlamentis Tavjdomare da
parlamentis wevrebi arCeulni arian xalxis mier. saqarTvelos prezidenti parlamentis meSveobiT axorcilebs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas, xolo mTavrobis meSveobiT-aRmasrulebels.
gansxvavebiT darbazisgan, parlamentis uflebebi ufro metad gazrdilia da saqarTvelos prezidenti mTel rig sakiTxebSi maszea damokidebuli.
rogorc aRvniSneT, parlamenti xelisuflebis danawilebis sistemaSi xelisuflebis e. w.
sakanonmdeblo ganStoebas miekuTvneba da misi
ZiriTadi da umTavresi funqcia swored sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaa. garda
amisa, saxelmwifo biujetis miRebisa da misi
Sesrulebis kontrolis meSveobiT parlamenti
88
ganagebs saxelmwifo xazinas, agreTve, akontrolebs aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis saqmianobas.
parlamenti aris xalxis warmomadgeneli,
gamoxatavs mis nebas da moqmedebs misi saxeliT,
xolo parlamentis wevri mTeli eris da ara
mxolod im amomrCevelTa warmomadgenelia, vinc
uSualod airCia igi. amitom parlamentis wevri
damokidebuli ar aris Tavis amomrCevlebze da
maT ar SeuZliaT misTvis warmomadgenlobis CamorTmeva. igi moqmedebs eris saxeliT, sruliad
Tavisuflad da damoukideblad [42. 63, 64].
Tanamedrove parlamenti aris saxelisuflebo warmomadgenlobiTi organo, romlis umTavres funqciad kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis kontroli gvevlineba. amasTan, parlamentis warmomadgenlobiTi
xasiaTi gulisxmobs, rom parlamenti moqmedebs
rogorc sruliad xalxis nebisa da interesebis
gamomxatveli organo. saxalxo warmomadgenlobis koncefciis Tanaxmad, xalxi, rogorc suverenitetis uzenaesi matarebeli, parlaments aniWebs xalxis saxeliT sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis uflebamosilebas. swored xalxis nebisa da parlamentis nebis erTianobaSi gamoixateba warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiis ideis ZiriTadi arsi [7. 196].
89
parlamenti uflebamosilia, miiRos saqarTvelos konstituciuri kanoni, saqarTvelos
organuli kanoni, saqarTvelos kanoni da parlamentis dadgenileba, moaxdinos saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebaTa ratificireba, denonsireba da
gauqmeba. kanonis miRebaSi saqarTvelos prezidentic monawileobs saxeldobr, miRebuli kanonproeqti kanonad iqceva mxolod prezidentis
an konstituciiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevaSi _
parlamentis Tavmjdomaris xelmoweris Semdeg.
safinanso sferoSi parlamentis uflebamosilebaTa Soris gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs konstituciuri debulebebi, romelTa
mixedviT saqarTvelos parlamenti siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT yovelwliurad iRebs
saxelmwifo biujetis kanons. igi amtkicebs, agreTve, saxelmwifo biujetis Sesrulebis angariSs.
parlamenti adgens kanoniT savaldebulo
gadasaxadebisa da mosakreblebis struqturas
da SemoRebis wess. uSualod mis winaSea angariSvaldebuli da pasuxismgebeli saqarTvelos
erovnuli banki, romelic uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos fuladsakredito sistemis funqcionirebas, axorcielebs fulad sakredito da savaluto politikas parlamentis mier gansazRvruli
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis Sesabamisad da kontrolis palata, romelic zedamxedvelobs sa90
xelmwifo saxsrebisa da sxva materialur faseulobaTa gamoyenebasa da xarjvas.
yovelive es miuTiTebs, Tu raoden didia
parlamentis roli da pasuxismgebloba qveynis
safinanso politikaze. zemoaRniSnuli uflebamosileba parlaments saSualebas aZlevs, arsebiTi zegavlena moaxdinos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis samomavlo gegmebze da akontrolos misi saqmianoba. amas garda parlamenti monawileobas Rebulobs qveynis TiTqmis yvela
mniSvnelovani politikuri sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, ris Sesaxebac qvemoT visaubrebT.
ganvixiloT detalurad parlamentis uflebamosilebani, rac naTlad gamokveTavs ZiriTad gansxvavebebs darbazTan mimarTebaSi.
saqarTvelos parlamenti aris qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo, romelic
axorcielebs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas, gansazRvravs qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs, konstituciiT gansazRvrul farglebSi kontrols uwevs mTavrobis saqmianobas da axorcielebs sxva uflebamosilebebs. saqarTvelos parlamentis adgilsamyofelia q. Tbilisi da q. quTaisi. parlamentis
plenaruli sxdomebi imarTeba mxolod q. quTaisSi. saqarTvelos parlamentis adgilsamyofelis droebiTi Secvla sxdomis an sesiis mowve-
91
vis mizniT dasaSvebia mxolod sagangebo da saomari mdgomareobis dros.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-4 muxlis
gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis Seqmnamde parlamenti Sedgeba sayovelTao, Tanaswori da pirdapiri saarCevno uflebis safuZvelze faruli
kenWisyriT, 4 wlis vadiT, proporciuli sistemiT arCeuli 75 da maJoritaruli sistemiT arCeuli 75 parlamentis wevrisagan. meoTxe muxlis Tanaxmad: saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmnisa da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis formirebis Semdeg saqarTvelos parlamentis SemadgenlobaSi
iqneba ori palata: respublikis sabWo da senati. respublikis sabWo Sedgeba proporciuli
wesiT arCeuli wevrebisagan. senati Sedgeba afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikaSi, aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi da saqarTvelos sxva teritoriul erTeulebSi arCeuli wevrebisa da
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier daniSnuli 5 wevrisagan. palatebis Semadgenlobas, uflebamosilebasa da arCevis wess gansazRvravs organuli
kanoni.
parlamentis wevrad SeiZleba airCes saarCevno uflebis mqone saqarTvelos moqalaqe 25
wlis asakidan. parlamentis Sinagani struqtura
da muSaobis wesi ganisazRvreba parlamentis
reglamentiT. saxelmwifo biujetSi parlamenti92
saTvis gankuTvnili mimdinare xarjebis Semcireba wina wlis sabiujeto saxsrebis odenobasTan
SedarebiT SeiZleba mxolod parlamentis winaswari TanxmobiT. parlamenti Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas saxelmwifo biujetSi parlamentisaTvis gamoyofili sabiujeto saxsrebis ganawilebis Taobaze.
saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT mkacrad aris gansazRvruli parlamentis wevris arCevis, parlamentis muSaobis da uflebamosilebis sakiTxi.
arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT registrirebul moqalaqeTa politikur gaerTianebas, romlis mxardaWerac dadasturebulia amomrCevelTa xelmowerebiT organuli kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, an romelsac hyavs warmomadgeneli parlamentSi arCevnebis daniSvnis droisaTvis. organuli kanoniT gansazRvruli amomrCevlebis xelmowerebis
raodenoba ar SeiZleba iyos amomrCevelTa raodenobis 1%-ze meti. maJoritaruli sistemiT arCevnebSi monawileobis wesi da pirobebi ganisazRvreba saarCevno kanonmdeblobiT.
parlamentis morigi arCevnebi tardeba parlamentis uflebamosilebis vadis amowurvis kalendaruli
wlis oqtomberSi. arCevnebis TariRs niSnavs saqarTvelos prezidenti arCevnebamde ara ugvianes 60 dRisa. Tu arCevnebis vada
93
emTxveva sagangebo an saomar mdgomareobas, arCevnebi tardeba am mdgomareobis gauqmebidan mesamoce dRes. arCevnebis TariRs niSnavs saqarTvelos prezidenti sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis gauqmebisTanave. parlamentis vadamde
daTxovnis SemTxvevaSi parlamentis riggareSe
arCevnebi tardeba parlamentis vadamde daTxovnis Sesaxeb brZanebulebis amoqmedebidan mesamoce dRes, xolo riggareSe arCevnebis TariRs
prezidenti niSnavs parlamentis vadamde daTxovnis Sesaxeb brZanebulebis amoqmedebisTanave.
parlamenti saqmianobas wyvets parlamentis
daTxovnis Sesaxeb prezidentis brZanebulebis
amoqmedebidan.
ris Semdegac axladarCeuli
parlamentis pirvel sxdomamde daTxovnili parlamenti ikribeba mxolod prezidentis mier sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis gamocxadebis
SemTxvevaSi sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis
gagrZelebis sakiTxis gadasawyvetad. Tu parlamenti ar Seikriba 5 dRis ganmavlobaSi an sagangebo mdgomareobis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb prezidentis brZanebuleba, maSin gamocxadebuli sagangebo mdgomareoba uqmdeba. sagangebo mdgomareoba unda gauqmdes, Tu parlamenti Sekrebidan
48 saaTSi ar daamtkicebs saomari mdgomareobis
gamocxadebis Sesaxeb prezidentis brZanebulebas. parlamentis Sekreba ar iwvevs parlamentis
wevrebis saparlamento Tanamdebobebis da xel94
fasebis aRdgenas. parlamenti wyvets saqmianobas
zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebze gadawyvetilebis miRebisTanave. parlamentis uflebamosileba wydeba
axalarCeuli parlamentis pirveli SekrebisTanave. parlamentis wevris arCevis wesi, agreTve
arCevnebSi kandidatad monawileobis dauSvebloba ganisazRvreba konstituciiTa da organuli kanoniT.
saqarTvelos
axalarCeuli
parlamentis
pirveli sxdoma unda gaimarTos arCevnebidan 20
dRis ganmavlobaSi. pirveli sxdomis dRes niSnavs saqarTvelos prezidenti. parlamenti muSaobas Seudgeba, Tu dadasturebulia deputatTa
aranakleb ori mesamedis uflebamosileba.
parlamenti SeiZleba daTxovnil iqnes saqarTvelos prezidentis mier mxolod konstituciiT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi, garda:
a. parlamentis arCevnebis Catarebidan eqvsi
Tvis ganmavlobaSi;
b. parlamentis mier konstiticiis 63-e muxliT gansazRvruli uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebisas;
g. sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis dros;
c. saqarTvelos prezidentis uflebamosilebis vadis bolo eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris uflebamosilebani gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciis 52-e, 53-e da 54-e muxlebiT.
95
parlamentars ufleba aqvs, kenWi iyaros saparlamento Tanamdebobaze, parlamentis komitetisa da droebiTi komisiis SemadgenlobaSi, gaerTiandes saparlamento fraqciaSi. igi valdebulia daicvas saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba. mas
ufleba aqvs: saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT monawileoba miiRos saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis organoTa
muSaobaSi da maT winaSe sakiTxi dasvas kanonisa da sxva aqtebis darRvevis gamo, kiTxviT mimarTos parlamentis winaSe angariSvaldebul
organos, mTavrobis wevrs, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebs, Seuferxeblad Sevides yvela saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv organizaciaSi, isargeblos yvela informaciiT, romelic aucilebelia misi uflebamosilebis gansaxorcieleblad,
Tu kanoniT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli
da sxva.
parlamenti valdebulia: daicvas saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, kanonmdeblobis darRvevisas saTanado reagireba moTxovos parlamentars, mis Tavmjdomares an Sesabamis komitets,
iyos parlamentis erTi komitetis SemadgenlobaSi, daeswros parlamentis, Tavisi komitetis, Tavisi fraqciis sxdomebs da monawileoba miiRos
maT muSaobaSi, reglamentiT dadgenili wesiT
Sexvdes moqalaqeebs da reagireba moaxdinos
maT saCivrebsa da gancxadebebze. [42. 65].
96
saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, parlamentars gaaCnia imuniteti. saparlamento imuniteti TiTqmis parlamentTan erTad gaCnda da
misi mizani imTaviTve iyo parlamentis dacva
usafuZvlo sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisagan.
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevri aris sruliad saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli, sargeblobs
Tavisufali mandatiT da misi gaSveba dauSvebelia. sadeputato mandatis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi da
funqcia warmosaxulia warmomadgenlobaSi da
mis Tavisufal xasiaTSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom
amomrCevlebs ar SeuZliaT gansazRvron parlamentis wevris pozicia da es ukanaskneli xistad
ar aris mibmuli Tavis amomrCevlebze, samarTlebrivi valdebulebiT. Tavisi movaleobis
Sesrulebisas igi SezRuduli ar aris amomrCevelTa da misi warmdgeni politikuri organizaciebis ganawesebiTa da davalebebiT.
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris samarTlebriv mdgomareobas gansazRvravs saqarTvelos konstitucia, kanoni `saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris statusis Sesaxeb~. kanoni `saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevnebis Sesaxeb~, parlamentis reglamenti da sxva sakanonmdeblo aqti.
[22. 95].
parlamentis wevris dakaveba an dapatimreba,
misi binis, manqanis, samuSao adgilis an piradi
gaCxreka SeiZleba mxolod parlamentis Tanxmo97
biT. gamonaklisia danaSaulze waswrebis SemTxveva, rac dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos parlaments. Tu parlamenti ar miscems Tanxmobas, parlamentis dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli wevri
dauyovnebliv unda ganTavisufldes. parlamentis wevrs ufleba aqvs Cveneba ar misces im faqtis gamo, romelic mas gaandes, rogorc parlamentis wevrs. dauSvebelia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli werilobiTi masalis dayadaReba. es ufleba parlamentis wevrs unarCundeba misi uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Semdegac. parlamentis
wevri pasuxisgebaSi ar miecema Tavisi movaleobis Sesrulebisas parlamentSi Tu mis gareT gamoTqmuli azrebisa da SexedulebebisaTvis. uzrunvelyofilia parlamentis wevris uflebamosilebaTa Seuferxebeli ganxorcielebis pirobebi. parlamentis wevris gancxadebis safuZvelze
Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebi uzrunvelyofen mis pirad usafrTxoebas. deputatis uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebisaTvis dabrkolebaTa
Seqmna isjeba kanoniT.
parlamentis wevrs ufleba ara aqvs ekavos
raime Tanamdeboba saxelmwifo samsaxurSi an
eweodes samewarmeo saqmianobas. SeuTavseblobis
SemTxvevebs gansazRvravs kanoni. wina punqtiT
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnaTa darRvevisas parlamentis wevrs uflebamosileba Seuwydeba. par-
98
lamentis wevri iRebs kanoniT dadgenil gasamrjelos.
parlamentis wevris uflebamosilebis cnobis an vadamde Sewyvetis sakiTxs wyvets parlamenti. parlamentis es gadawyvetileba SeiZleba
gasaCivrdes sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi. parlamentis wevrs uflebamosileba vadamde Seuwydeba, Tu:
a. piradi gancxadebiT uflebamosileba moexsna;
b. mis mimarT kanonier ZalaSi Sevida sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni;
g. sasamarTlom cno qmeduunarod, ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad;
c. daikava parlamentis wevris statusTan SeuTavsebeli Tanamdeboba, an eweva SeuTavsebel saqmianobas;
d. dakarga saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba;
e. arasapatio mizeziT oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar monawileobda parlamentis muSaobaSi;
z. gardaicvala;
rac Seexeba parlamentis Tavmjdomaris uflebamosilebas, moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, parlamentis Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobaze SesaZlebelia ramdenime kandidaturis dasaxeleba. Tavmjdomaris kandidaturebs asaxeleben parlamentis sesiaze. gansazRvrulia pirTa wre, visac
99
gaaCnia Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobaze kandidaturis dasaxelebis ufleba. esenia: parlamentis
wevrebi da fraqciebi. parlamentis wevrs SeuZlia, aRniSnul Tanamdebobaze wamoayenos Tavis
kandidaturac.
parlamentis Tavmjdomare aris parlamentis
umaRlesi Tanamdebobis piri. saqarTvelos parlamenti Tavisi uflebamosilebis vadiT, reglamentiT dadgenili wesiT, faruli kenWisyriT
irCevs saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomares
da Tavmjdomaris moadgileebs, maT Soris TiTo
moadgiles afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikidan da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikidan arCeul parlamentis wevrTagan maTive wardginebiT.
arsebobs kenWisyris ganmeorebiTi Catarebis
SesaZlebloba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelos
parlamentis Tavmjdomaris Tanamdebobaze warmodgenili iyo or kandidatze meti da verc erTma ver miiRo xmebis aucilebeli raodenoba.
ganmeorebiTi kenWisyra ewyoba im or kandidats
Soris, romlebmac sxvebze meti xmebi miiRes. Tuki arCevnebisas verc erTma ver miiRo xmebis aucilebeli raodenoba, unda Catardes ganmeorebiTi arCevnebi aRniSnul Tanamdebobaze kandidatebis axali wamoyenebiT.
saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare warmoadgens saqarTvelos parlaments qveynis saSinao da sagareo urTierTobebSi. parlamentis
100
Tavmjdomare uZRveba parlamentis muSaobas, Tavmjdomareobs parlamentis plenarul sxdomebs,
iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs parlamentis biuros
sxdomebs. xels awers parlamentis mier miRebul aqtebs, saerTo xelmZRvanelobas uwvevs
parlamentis organoebisa da Tanamdebobis pirTa, agreTve parlamentis aparatisa da sxva damxmare struqturebis saqmianobas, Tanamdebobaze
niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs parlamentis aparatis ufross, parlamentis aparatis
SemadgenlobaSi Semavali departamentebisa da
samsaxurebis xelmZRvanelebs, gansazRvravs da
parlaments dasamtkiceblad warudgens parlamentis yovelwliur biujets. parlamentis Tavmjdomare asrulebs saqarTvelos prezidentis
movaleobas prezidentis mier Tavisi uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobis an misi
uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi.
parlamentis Tavmjdomares hyavs moadgileebi.misini airCevian parlamentis wevrTagan, siiTi
Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT, parlamentis uflebamosilebis vadiT. amasTan, TiTo moadgile
airCeva afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikidan
arCeul da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikidan
maJoritaruli wesiT arCeul parlamentis wevrTagan, am ukanasknelTa umravlesobis wardginebiT. umravlesobis an umciresobis daSlis
SemTxvevaSi, maTi wardgeniT arCeul parlamen101
tis Tavmjdomaris moadgileebs dauyovnebliv
uwydebaT uflebamosileba.
parlamentis Tavmjomaris moadgileebi asruleben Tavmjdomaris movaleobas misive davalebiT. parlamentis Tavmjdomaris mier saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobis Sesrulebis periodSi, parlamentis Tavmjdomaris movaleobis
Sesrulebas parlamentis Tavmjdomare brZanebiT
avalebs mis erT-erT moadgiles, rasac parlamenti adasturebs dadgenilebiT.
parlamentis Tavmjdomare reglamentiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT axorcielebs srul administraciul funqciebs parlamentis SenobaSi.
parlamentis muSaobis organizaciisaTvis
iqmneba parlamentis biuro. biuros SemadgenlobaSi Tanamdebobis mixedviT Sedian:
a) parlamentis Tavmjdomare;
b) parlamentis Tavmjdomaris moadgileebi;
g) parlamentis komitetebis Tavmjdomareebi;
d) saparlamento fraqciebis Tavmjdomareebi.
konstituciiT gansazRvrul Tanamdebobis
pirTa daniSvnasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs biuro Sesabamisi komitetebis daskvnis safuZvelze ganixilavs reglamentiT gaTvaliswinebuli
wesiT. daskvna waredgineba prezidents da parlaments. biuro iRebs gadawyvetilebebs parlamentis muSaobis organizaciul sakiTxebze.
102
biuros umTavresi funqciaa orkviriani ciklisa da sasesio kviris plenaruli sxdomebis
dRis wesrigis proeqtebis SemuSaveba da parlamentisTvis dasamtkiceblad wardgena.
garda amisa, biuro uflebamosilia daamtkicos komitetebis, sagamoZiebo da sxva droebiTi
komisiebis debulebebi da gadawyvitos fraqciebis, umravlesobisa da umciresobis registraciis sakiTxebi, ganixilos daskvnebi parlamentis
plenarul sxdomaze gasatani kanonproeqtebis
Sesaxeb, ganixilos saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis
ndobis gamocxadebis, agreTve saqarTvelos konstituciiT gansazRvruli Tanamdebobis pirTa
arCevis, daniSvnis da damtkicebis Taobaze Sesabamisi komitetebis daskvnebi, romelic waredgineba saqarTvelos prezidentsa da saqarTvelos
parlaments.
parlamentis biuros sxdomebs iwvevs da uZRveba parlamentis Tavmjdomare an misi davalebiT _ parlamentis Tavmjdomaris erT-erTi moadgile [7. 219, 220].
biuros sxdoma uflebamosilia, Tu mas eswreba biuros wevrTa Semadgenlobis sul cota
ori mesamedi. biuros gadawvetileba miRebulad
iTvleba, Tu mas mxars dauWers damswreTa umravlesoba, magram aranakleb biuros siiTi Semadgenlobis erTi mesamedisa. xmaTa gayofisas
gadamwyvetia sxdomis Tavmjdomaris xma. parla103
mentis wevrs ufleba aqvs, saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT daeswros biuros sxdomas [42. 83].
sakanonmdeblo sakiTxebis winaswari momzadebis, parlamentis gadawyvetilebaTa SesrulebisaTvis xelis Sewyobis, agreTve parlamentis
winaSe angariSvaldebuli organoebisa da saqarTvelos mTavrobis saqmianobis kontrolis mizniT, parlamentSi iqmneba komiteti. komitetebs
qmnis parlamenti Tavisi uflebamosilebis vadiT.
komitetis sxdomebs iwvevs da uZRveba komitetis Tavmjdomare, xolo misi aryofnis dros
_ Tavmjdomaris pirveli moadgile. komitetis
sxdomebi sul cota TveSi orjer imarTeba. riggareSe sxdomas iwvevs komitetis Tavmjdomare
sakuTari iniciativiT. komitetis sxdoma uflebamosilia, Tu mas eswreba komitetis wevrTa naxevarze meti. gadawyetileba miiReba damswreTa
umravlesobiT. xmaTa gayofisas Tavmjdomaris
xma gadamwyvetia. komitetis sxdomas saTaTbiro
xmis uflebiT SeiZleba daeswron parlamentarebi, mTavrobis wevrebi da mowveuli pirebi [42.
84].
komitetis Tavmjdomaris dasaxelebis ufleba aqvT fraqcias, umravlesobas, umciresobas, im
parlamentis
wevrTa
aranakleb
eqvskacian
jgufs, romlebic ar Sedian arc erT fraqciaSi.
komitetis Semadgenloba ganisazRvreba aranak104
leb
parlamentis 10 wevriT.Kkomiteti Tavis
wevrTagan, sakuTari uflebamosilebis vadiT,
Ria kenWisyriT, siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT irCevs komitetis Tavmjdomaris 3 moadgiles (maT Soris, pirvel moadgiles) da acnobebs parlamentis biuros.
komitetis Tavjdomaris pirveli moadgilis
kandidaturis dasaxelebis ufleba aqvs komitetis Tavmjdomares. Kkomitetis Tavmjdomaris erTi moadgilis kandidaturis dasaxelebis ufleba aqvs umravlesobas, xolo erTi moadgilisa _
umciresobas, fraqcias, romelic ar aris gaerTianebuli umravlesobaSi, da damoukidebeli
parlamentis wevrTa sakoordinacio sabWos.
Kkomitetis Tavmjdomaris gadadgomis, gadayenebis, mis mier uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis SeuZleblobis an misi, rogorc parlamentis wevris, uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis
SemTxvevaSi komitetis Tavmjdomaris movaleobas asrulebs misi pirveli moadgile. Kkomitetis Tavmjdomaris pirveli moadgilis aryofnis
SemTxvevaSi komitetis Tavmjdomaris movaleobis Sesrulebas komiteti avalebs mis moadgiles siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT.
Pparlamentis komitetebia:
a) agrarul sakiTxTa;
b) adamianis uflebaTa dacvisa da samoqalaqo integraciis;
105
g) ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis;
d) garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis;
e) dargobrivi ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri
politikis;
v) evropasTan integraciis;
z) Tavdacvis da uSiSroebis;
T) iuridiul sakiTxTa;
i) regionuli politikis, TviTmmarTvelobisa da maRalmTiani regionebis;
k) sagareo urTierTobaTa;
l) saproceduro sakiTxTa da wesebis;
m) safinanso-sabiujeto;
n) sportisa da axalgazrdul saqmeTa;
o) ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan
urTierTobis;
p) janmrTelobis dacvisa da socialur sakiTxTa.
konstituciiTa da reglamentiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, agreTve parlamentis wevrTa aranakleb erTi mexuTedis moTxovniT parlamentSi iqmneba sagamoZiebo an sxva droebiTi
komisiebi. droebiTi komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs parlamenti reglamentiT
dadgenili wesiT. droebiT komisiaSi saparlamento umravlesobis warmomadgenloba ar unda
aRematebodes komisiis wevrTa saerTo raodenobis naxevars. sagamoZiebo komisiis moTxovniT
106
misi sxdomaze gamocxadeba, agreTve sakiTxis gamokvlevisaTvis aucilebeli wardgena savaldebuloa.
droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisia iqmneba mxolod konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad da uqmdeba sakiTxis Seswavlis amowurvisTanave. droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisiis uflebamosilebis
maqsimaluri vadaa 3 Tve. aRniSnuli vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes parlamentis Tavmjdomaris
iniciativiT, araumetes 6 TviT, parlamentis
dadgenilebiT.
droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisia angariSvaldebuli da pasuxismgebelia parlamentis winaSe.
parlamentis uflebamosilebis vadis gasvlamde
3 TviT adre yvela droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisia valdebulia waradginos gaweuli saqmianobis angariSi.
droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisiis Tavmjdomaris kandidaturis dasaxelebis ufleba aqvs
fraqcias, umravlesobas, umciresobas, parlamentis wevrTa eqvskacian jgufs. DDD
parlamentis e. w. sxva droebiTi komisia
aris parlamentis droebiTi organo, romelic
iqmneba parlamentis dadgenilebiT.
droebiTi komisia gansaxilveli sakiTxis
Sesaxeb SeimuSavebs daskvnebs, iRebs gadawvetilebebs, rekomendaciebsa da wardginebebs, romelsac gansaxilvelad warudgens parlamentis
107
biuros an parlamentis plenarul sxdomas. parlamentis uflebamosilebis vadis gasvlamde 3
TviT adre yvela droebiTi komisia valdebulia
parlaments warudginos gaweuli saqmianobis angariSi.
parlamentis wevrebi SeiZleba gaerTiandnen
saparlamento fraqciaSi. fraqciis wevrTa raodenoba ar unda iyos eqvsze naklebi. fraqciis
Seqmnisa da saqmianobis wesi, misi uflebamosileba ganisazRvreba kanoniTa da reglamentiT.
ar undafraqciebi, rogorc wesi, iqmneba partiuli niSniT. amasTan, erTi partiuli siiT arCeulma erTi partiis wevrebma SeiZleba Seqmnan
mxolod erTi fraqcia. proporciuli wesiT arCeul parlamentis wevrs, Tu misi partiis wevrebma Seqmnes fraqcia, ufleba ara aqvs iyos
sxva fraqciis wevri.
Tu romelime fraqciaSi gaerTianebuli parlamentis wevrTa saerTo raodenoba aRemateba
parlamentis wevrTa siiTi Semadgenlobis naxevars, fraqcia avtomaturad iZens umravlesobis
statuss.
saparlamento umciresoba SeiZleba Seiqmnas
mxolod umravlesobis Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi. Tu
romelime fraqciaSi gaerTianebul parlamentis
wevrTa saerTo raodenoba aRemateba umravlesobis gareT darCenil parlamentis wevrTa raode-
108
nobis naxevars, fraqcia Tavisi moTxovnis safuZvelze iZens umciresobis statuss.
Tu fraqciidan wevrTa gasvlis an garicxvis Sedegad masSi gaerTianebuli darCa 6-ze
naklebi parlamentis wevri, fraqcia gauqmebulad CaiTvleba. fraqciidan wevris garicxvis
Sesaxeb fraqciis Tavmjdomare 3 dRis vadaSi
werilobiT acnobebs saproceduro sakiTxTa da
wesebis komitets da parlamentis aparatis saorganizacio departaments. Tu fraqciaSi darCa
6-ze naklebi parlamentis wevri, saproceduro
sakiTxTa da wesebis komiteti fraqciis gauqmebis Sesaxeb uaxloes plenarul sxdomaze acnobebs parlaments.
im parlamentis wevrTa saqmianobis koordinaciis mizniT, romlebic ar arian gaerTianebulni romelime fraqciaSi, umravlesobaSi an
umciresobaSi, parlamentSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas
damoukidebeli parlamentis wevrTa sakoordinacio sabWo [7. 225, 226].
calke aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati, romelic axorcielebs parlamentis
samarTlebriv, organizaciul, dokumentur, sainformacio, materialur-teqnikur, socialur-sayofacxovrebo uzrunvelyofas. parlamentis aparatis struqtura sakmaod mravalferovania. igi
Sedgeba 6 departamentisagan, presisa da informaciis samsaxurisa da mTavari kancelariisagan,
109
romlebsac, Tavis mxriv, gaaCniaT mravali ganyofilebebi da jgufebi. parlamentis aparats saerTo xelmZRvanelobas uwevs parlamentis Tavmjdomare, romelic niSnavs parlamentis aparatis ufross da ganixilavs aparatis struqturas, romelsac Semdgom amtkicebs parlamenti
[42. 196].
parlamentis wevri uflebamosilia kiTxviT
mimarTos parlamentis winaSe angariSvaldebul
organos, mTavrobis wevrs, qalaqis mers, yvela
donis teritoriuli erTeulis aRmasrulebeli
organos xelmZRvanels, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebs da miiRos maTgan pasuxi. 2013 wlidan aRniSnul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi qalaqis meris
roli aRar iqneba gansazRvruli.
parlamentis sul cota aT kacian jgufs,
saparlamento fraqcias ufleba aqvs SekiTxviT
mimarTos parlamentis winaSe angariSvaldebul
organos, mTavrobas, mTavrobis calkeul wevrs,
romlebic valdebuli arian upasuxon dasmul
SekiTxvas parlamentis sxdomaze. pasuxi SeiZleba gaxdes parlamentis ganxilvis sagani. parlamenti uflebamosilia parlamentis wevrTa sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT premier-ministris winaSe dasvas mTvarobis calkeuli wevris
Tanamdebobrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. Tu
premier-ministri ar gaaTavisuflebs mTavrobis
wevrs, aseT SemTxvevaSi, igi ori kviris vadaSi
110
parlaments warudgens Tavis motivirebul gadawyvetilebas.
rac Seexeba parlamentis muSaobis sakiTxs,
igi saqarTvelos konstituciiT mtkiced aris
gansazRvruli. saparlamento sxdomebi sajaroa.
damswreTa umravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT parlaments SeuZlia calkeuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas sxdoma an misi nawili daxurulad gamoacxados.
parlamentis wevri, parlamentis mier arCeuli, daniSnuli an damtkicebuli Tanamdebobis
piri uflebamosilia, xolo moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi valdebulia, daeswros parlamentis, misi
komitetis da komisiis sxdomebs, pasuxi gasces
sxdomaze dasmul SekiTxvebs da warmoadginos
gaweuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb angariSi. aseTi Tanamdebobis pirs moTxovnisTanave unda mousminos parlamentma, komitetma, an komisiam.
parlamentis plenarul sxdomaze kenWisyra
aris Ria an faruli. kenWisyra Riaa, garda konstituciiTa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. parlamentis Ria plenaruli sxdomis
oqmi sajaroa.
saqarTvelos parlamenti Tavisi uflebiT
ikribeba morig sesiaze weliwadSi orjer. saSemodgomo sesia ixsneba seqtembris pirvel samSabaTs da ixureba dekembris mesame paraskevs, xolo sagazafxulo sesia ixsneba Tebervlis pir111
vel samSabaTs da ixureba ivnisis bolo paraskevs. saqarTvelos prezidenti parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, deputatTa aranakleb meoTxedis
moTxovniT an sakuTari iniciativiT sesiebs Soris periodSi iwvevs parlamentis riggareSe sesias, xolo morigi sesiis mimdinareobisas _
riggareSe sxdomas. Tu werilobiTi moTxovnis
wardgenidan 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi mowvevis aqti ar gamoica, parlamenti Tavisi reglamentis
Tanaxmad valdebulia momdevno 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Seudges muSaobas.
parlamentis riggareSe sxdoma Catardeba
mxolod gansazRvruli dRis wesrigiT da ixureba misi amowurvisTanave. prezidentis mier sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis gamocxadebidan 48 saaTis ganmavlobaSi parlamenti ikribeba. parlamentis muSaoba grZeldeba am mdgomareobis damTavrebamde.
rac Seexeba sagangebo an saomar mdgomareobas, agreTve omisa da zavis da 46-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul sakiTxebs, gadawyvetileba miiReba
parlamentis wevrTa sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT. parlamentis Tanxmoba aucilebelia saerTaSoriso valdebulebaTa Sesasruleblad samxedro ZalTa gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSic.
mniSvnelovania parlamentis uflebamosileba saxelmwifo organoTa SeqmnaSi, Tanamdebobis
pirTa arCevasa da daniSvnaSi.
112
kerZod: saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos cxra wevridan sams irCevs parlamenti
siiTi Semadgenlobis aranakleb sami mexuTediT.
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaresa da uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTleebs, agreTve, erovnuli bankis sabWos wevrebs saqarTvelos prezidentis wardginebiT siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT irCevs parlamenti.
saqarTvelos generalur prokurorsa da saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomares
saqarTvelos prezidentis wardginebiT siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT niSnavs parlamenti.
saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT irCevs parlamenti.
amJamad momqmedi konstituciis Tanaxmad
saqarTvelos parlamenti sruli Semadgenlobis
umravlesobiT axdens saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa da SeTanxmebaTa ratificirebas, denonsirebasa da gauqmebas. 2013 wlidan es kanoni
garkveuli cvlilebiT Seva ZalaSi. kerZod, saqarTvelos parlaments saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebisa da SeTanxmebis ratificirebis, denonsirebisa da gauqmebis Sesaxeb mimarTavs saqarTvelos mTavroba, xolo am muxlis me-2 punqtis
`a~_`g~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi, agreTve im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
113
xelSekruleba dadebulia saqarTvelos prezidentis mier, _ saqarTvelos prezidenti, rac saWiroebs premier-ministris kontrasignacias.
im saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa da SeTanxmebaTa garda, romlebic iTvaliswineben ratificirebas, savaldebuloa agreTve iseTi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebisa da SeTanxmebis ratificireba, romelic:
a) iTvaliswinebs saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi an saxelmwifoTaSoris kavSirSi
saqarTvelos Sesvlas;
b) samxedro xasiaTisaa;
g) exeba saxelmwifos teritoriul mTlianobas an saxelmwifo sazRvrebis Secvlas;
c) dakavSirebulia saxelmwifos mier sesxis
aRebasa da gacemasTan;
d) moiTxovs Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobis Secvlas, nakisr saerTaSoriso valdebulebaTa Sesasruleblad aucilebeli kanonebisa da kanonis Zalis mqone aqtebis miRebas.
parlaments unda ecnobos sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebaTa da SeTanxmebaTa dadebis
Sesaxeb. sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi konstituciuri sarCelis an wardginebis Setanis SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebis Tu SeTanxmebis ratificireba
114
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis
gamotanamde.
parlamenti uflebamosilia, konstituciis
darRvevisas, saxelmwifo Ralatisa da sisxlis
samarTlis sxva danaSaulis CadenisaTvis impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadaayenos saqarTvelos prezidenti. 75-e muxlis meore punqtiT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi impiCmentis wesiT
saqarTvelos prezidentis Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb erT mesameds. sakiTxi daskvnisaTvis gadaecema uzenaes
sasamarTlos an sakonstitucio sasamarTlos.
Tu uzenaesma sasamarTlom Tavisi daskvniT daadastura prezidentis qmedoebaSi danaSaulis
Semadgenlobis niSnebis arseboba, an sakonstitucio sasamarTlom – konstituciis darRveva,
daskvnis ganxilvis Semdeg parlamenti sruli
Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT iRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom kenWisyraze daisvas impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan prezidentis gadayenebis sakiTxi. prezidenti gadayenebulad CaiTvleba, Tu
am gadawyvetilebas mxari dauWira parlamentis
sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb orma mesamedma.
Tu 30 dRis vadaSi parlamentma ar miiRo
gadawyvetileba, sakiTxi moxsnilad iTvleba da
momdevno erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi dauSvebelia
imave braldebis wardgena. dauSvebelia prezi115
dentisaTvis wardgenili braldebis parlamentSi ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis an omis dros.
2013 wlidan 63-e muxlis pirveli punqtidan
amoRebuli iqneba uzenaesi sasamarTlos kompetencia. arsebiTi xasiaTis cvlilebebi Seexo meore, meoTxe da mexuTe punqtebs. me-2 punqtis
Tanaxmad Tu sakonstitucio sasamarTlom Tavisi daskvniT daadastura prezidentis qmedebaSi
danaSaulis Semadgenlobis niSnebis arseboba an
konstituciis darRveva, parlamenti daskvnis
wardgenidan ara ugvianes 15 dRisa ganixilavs
da kenWs uyris prezidentis impiCmentis wesiT
Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis sakiTxs. Tu parlamentma am muxlis me-2 punqtiT dadgenil vadaSi
ar miiRo gadawyvetileba prezidentis impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis Sesaxeb,
imave sakiTxze impiCmentis proceduris dawyeba
dauSvebelia. dauSvebelia impiCmentis proceduris ganxorcieleba sagangebo an saomari mdgomareobis dros.
parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb erT mesameds ufleba aqvs aRZras sakiTxi konstituciis darRvevisas anda danaSaulis
CadenisaTvis impiCmentis wesiT uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomaris, mTavrobis wevrebis, kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomaris da erovnuli
bankis sabWos wevrebis gadayenebis Sesaxeb. xo116
lo organuli kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos prezidentis wardginebiT Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisuflos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTle.
parlamentSi kanonproeqti an dadgenileba
miRebulad iTvleba, roca mas mxars dauWers
damswreTa umravlesoba, magram aranakleb parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis erTi mesamedisa, Tu kontituciiT ar aris gansazRvruli kanonproeqtis an dadgenilebis miRebis sxva wesi.
konstituciuri SeTanxmeba damtkicebulad iTvleba, Tu mas mxars dauWers parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis sul cota sami mexuTedi. organuli kanonis proeqti miRebulad iTvleba, Tu
mas mxars dauWers parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis naxevarze meti. parlamentis Tanxmoba miiReba dadgenilebis saxiT, Tu konstituciiT
sxva wesi ar aris gansazRvruli. sxva saxis gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis wesi ganisazRvreba parlamentis reglamentiT.
sakanonmdeblo iniciativis ufleba aqvs saqarTvelos prezidents mxolod gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevebSi, mTavrobas, parlamentis wevrs, saparlamento fraqcias, parlamentis komitets,
afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikisa da aWaris
avtonomiuri respublikis umaRles warmomadgenlobiT organoebs, aranakleb 30000 amomrCevels.
saqarTvelos prezidentis an mTavrobis mier
117
wardgenil kanonproeqts maTive moTxovniT parlamenti ganixilavs riggareSe. Tu mTavroba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul vadaSi ar warmoadgens
SeniSvnebs parlamentSi gansaxilvel kanonproeqtTan dakavSirebiT, maSin is mTavrobis mier
mowonebulad CaiTvleba.
2013 wlidan 67-e muxlis pirvel da meore
punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi gauqmebulia prezidentis uflebamosileba. xolo mesame punqti amoRebulia saerTod.
parlamentis mier miRebuli kanonproeqti 7
dRis vadaSi gadaecema saqarTvelos prezidents.
prezidenti 10 dRis vadaSi xels awers da aqveynebs kanons an motivirebuli SeniSvnebiT ubrunebs parlaments. Tu prezidenti daabrunebs kanonproeqts, parlamenti kenWs uyris prezidentis SeniSvnebs. SeniSvnaTa misaRebad sakmarisia
xmaTa igive raodnoba, rac am saxiT kanonproeqtisaTvis dadgenilia konstituciis 66-e muxliT.
Tu SeniSvnebi miRebulia, kanonproetis saboloo redaqcia gadaecema prezidents, romelic 7
dRis vadaSi xels awers da aqveynebs mas. Tu
parlamentma ar miiRo prezidentis SeniSvnebi,
kenWi eyreba kanonproeqtis pirvandel redaqcias. kanoni an organuli kanoni miRebulad CaiTvleba, Tu mas mxari dauWira parlamentis siiTi
Semadgenlobis aranakleb samma mexuTedma. konstituciis Sesworeba miRebulad CaiTvleba, Tu
118
mas mxari dauWira parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb orma mesamedma. 68-e muxlis meoTxe punqtSi cvlileba Sedis 2013 wlidan. es
Seexeba organul kanons, romelic miRebulad
CaiTvleba, Tu mas mxari dauWira parlamentis
sruli Semadgenlobis naxevarze metma. kanonproeqti miRebulad CaiTvleba, Tu mas mxars dauWers parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis naxevarze meti.
Tu prezidentma dadgenil vadaSi ar gamoaqveyna kanoni, mas xels awers da aqveynebs parlamentis Tavmjdomare. kanoni ZalaSi Sedis oficialur organoSi gamoqveynebidan meTxuTmete
dRes, Tu sxva vada ar aris dadgenili.
§3. mTavroba
mTavroba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis, qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ganxorcielebas. mTavroba pasuxismgebelia
saqarTvelos prezidentisa da parlamentis winaSe.
mTavrobis organoebs gaaCniaT farTo funqcionaluri kompetencia. is mowodebulia daicvas sazogadoebrivi wesrigi, adamianis uflebebi
119
da Tavisuflebebi, saxelmwifos sagareo interesebi.
mTavrobis wevrebi umetesad iwodebian ministrebad (ministri _ laTinuri sityvaa: `minister~ _ momsaxures, qvemdgoms niSnavs). Tanamedrove gagebiT, es aris mmarTvelobis umaRlesi
dargobrivi organos _ saministros xelmZRvaneli.
mTavroba Sedgeba premier-ministris da ministrebisagan. mTavrobis SemadgenlobaSi SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo ministri (saxelmwifo ministrebi). premier-ministri mTavrobis erT-erT
wevrs akisrebs vice-premieris movaleobis Sesrulebas. mTavroba da mTavrobis wevrebi uflebamosilebas ixsnian saqarTvelos prezidentis
winaSe. pirveli vice-premieris movaleobis dakisrebis wesi da uflebamosilebebi ganisazRvreba kanoniT.
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT moiwvios da Tavmjdomareobdes mTavrobis sxdomas. sxdomaze miRebuli gadawyvetileba formdeba prezidentis aqtiT.
mTavrobis struqtura, uflebamosileba da
saqmianobis wesi ganisazRvreba konstituciiTa
da kanoniT, romlis proeqtsac parlaments warudgens mTavroba prezidentTan SeTanxmebiT.
120
mTavroba uflebamosilia gadadges sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT.
mTavrobis uflebamosileba iwyeba konstituciiT dadgenili wesiTa da SemTxvevebSi _
mTavrobis wevrebis daniSvnisTanave.
saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mTavroba pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos
prezidentisa da parlamentis winaSe.
saqarTvelos konstitucia amomwuravad gansazRvravs im umaRlesi Tanamdebobis pirTa
wres, vinc mTavrobis Semadgenlobas Seadgens.
mTavrobis pirveli rigis wevrebia premier-ministri da ministrebi.
mTavrobis Tavmjdomarea premier-ministri.
premier-ministri gansazRvravs mTavrobis saqmianobis mimarTulebebs, organizacias uwevs mTavrobis saqmianobas, axorcielebs koordinacias
da kontrols mTavrobis wevrebis saqmianobaze,
moaxsenebs saqarTvelos prezidents mTavrobis
saqmianobis Sesaxeb da pasuxismgebelia mTavrobis saqmianobisaTvis saqarTvelos prezidentisa
da parlamentis winaSe.
premier-ministri parlamentis moTxovniT
warudgens mas samTavrobo programis Sesrulebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb angariSs. premier-ministri Tavisi uflebamosilebis farglebSi gamoscems individualur samarTlebriv aqts _
brZanebas, agreTve, axorcielebs srul adminis121
traciul funqciebs mTavrobis SenobaSi. premier-ministri prezidentis TanxmobiT niSnavs
mTavrobis sxva wevrebs, uflebamosilia Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisuflos mTavrobis wevrebi.
premier-ministri kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da wesiT Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da
Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs sxva Tanamdebobis
pirebs.
premier-ministris gadadgoma an misi uflebamosilebis Sewyveta iwvevs mTavrobis sxva wevrTa uflebamosilebis Sewyvetas. mTavrobis sxva
wevris gadadgomis an Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi premier-ministri saqarTvelos prezidentis TanxmobiT ori kviris vadaSi
niSnavs mTavrobis axal wevrs. premier-ministrs
uflebamosileba uwydeba piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze gadadgomisas, mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanonis ZalaSi Sesvlisas, gardacvalebisas, impiCmentis safuZvelze gadayenebisas, prezidentis mier mTavrobis gadayenebisas, SeuTavsebeli Tanamdebobis dakavebisas.
zemoT ganxiluli masalebidan gamomdinare
premier-ministris funqciebi SeiZleba Semdegnairad Camoyalibdes. premier-ministris konstituciuri funqcia aris mTavrobis saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis gansazRvra da mTavrobis
saqmianobis organizeba.
premier ministri:
122
-
iwvevs da xelmZRvanelobs mTavrobis
sxdomebs;
- koordinaciasa da kontrols uwevs mTavrobis wevrebis saqmianobas;
- saqarTvelos prezidentis TanxmobiT Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan
aTavisuflebs mTavrobis wevrebs (garda
Tavdacvisa da Sinagan saqmeTa ministrebisa);
- samTavrobo uwyebaTa Tanamdebobis pirebs;
- warmoadgens mTavrobas qveynis SigniT da
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi;
- pasuxismgebelia mTavrobis saqmianobaze,
saqarTvelos prezidentisa da saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe;
- moaxsenebs
saqarTvelos
prezidents
mTavrobis saqmianobis Sesaxeb;
- parlamentis moTxovniT warudgens mas angariSs samTavrobo programisa Tu saxelmwifo
biujetis Sesrulebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mTavroba pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos
prezidentisa da parlamentis winaSe. saministroebi iqmneba saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis gansazRvrul sferoSi saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis da saxelmwifo politikis
ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad.
123
saministroebs xelmZRvanelobs ministri,
romelic damoukideblad iRebs gadawvetilebas
mis kompetencias mikuTvnebul sakiTxebze. ministri kanonis, prezidentis normatiuli aqtis an
mTavrobis dadgenilebis safuZvelze da maT Sesasruleblad gamoscems brZanebas.
saxelmwifo ministri iniSneba konstituciiT dadgenili wesiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis saxelmwifoebrivi amocanebis Sesasruleblad.
mTavrobis wevrs ufleba ara aqvs ekavos
sxva Tanamdeboba, garda partiulisa, daafuZnos
sawarmo, eweodes samewarmeo saqmianobas, iRebdes xelfass raime sxva saqmianobidan, garda samecniero, pedagogiuri, SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisa. mTavrobis wevri uflebamosilia gadadges
Tanamdebobidan.
ministri xelmZRvanelobs saministros, warmarTavs mis saqmianobas, Tvalyurs adevnebs saministroSi Semavali struqturuli erTeulebis
saqmianobas, Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs saministros saStato
ganrigiT gaTvaliswinebul sajaro moxeleebs.
saqarTvelos prezidents SeuZlia sakuTari
iniciativiT gadaayenos mTlianad mTavroba, Tanamdebobidan gaaTavisuflos Tavdacvisa da Sinagan saqmeTa ministrebi.
124
saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosilia
moiwvios da Tavmjdomareobdes mTavrobis sxdomebs da am sxdomebze miRebuli gadawvetileba
prezidentis brZanebulebis an gankargulebis
saxiT formdeba.
2010 wlis 1 maisis mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos mTavrobis Semadgenloba ase gamoiyureba:
muxli 14.
saqarTvelos saministroebia: (24.12.2004 #806)
a) ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis;
b) garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis;
g) ekonomikuri ganviTarebis;
d) energetikis;
e) Tavdacvis;
v) iusticiis;
z) kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis;
T) ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis;
i) sagareo saqmeTa;
k) Sinagan saqmeTa;
l) soflis meurneobis;
m) finansTa;
n) Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri
dacvis;
o) sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa (10.10.2008 #345);
p) saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa
da infrastruqturis (23.12.2008 #848).
125
mTavrobis saqmianobis organizaciuli uzrunvelyofis, analitikuri, informaciuli da
sxva masalebis momzadebis, agreTve mTavrobis
gadawvetilebaTa Sesrulebis kontrolis xelSewyobis mizniT iqmneba mTavrobis kancelaria.
mTavrobis kancelarias xelmZRvanelobs ufrosi, romelsac Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan aTavisuflebs premier-ministri.
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier ficis miRebis Semdeg mTavroba ixsnis uflebamosilebas
saqarTvelos prezidentis winaSe. prezidenti
iRebs mTavrobis uflebamosilebis moxsnas da
masve SeuZlia daakisros movaleobaTa Sesruleba mTavrobis axali Semadgenlobis daniSvnamde.
saqarTvelos prezidenti mTavrobis gadadgomis, gadayenebis an uflebamosilebis moxsnidan 7 dRis ganmavlobaSi saparlamento fraqciebTan konsultaciebis Semdeg SearCevs premierministris kandidaturas, xolo premier ministrobis kandidati saqarTvelos prezidentTan
SeTanxmebiT 10 dRis vadaSi _ mTavrobis wevrobis kandidaturebs. am punqtis pirveli winadadebiT gaTvaliswinebuli proceduris dasrulebidan 3 dRis vadaSi saqarTvelos prezidenti
parlaments warudgens mTavrobis Semadgenlobas
ndobis misaRebad.
parlamenti saqarTvelos prezidentis mier
mTavrobis Semadgelobis wardgenidan erTi kvi126
ris vadaSi ganixilavs da kenWs uyris mTavrobis Semadgenlobisa da samTavrobo programebis
ndobis gamocxadebis sakiTxs. parlamentis ndobis misaRebad saWiroa parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobis mxardaWera. mTavrobis wevrebi unda dainiSnon ndobis gamocxadebidan sami dRis vadaSi. parlamenti uflebamosilia ndoba ar gamoucxados mTavrobis Semadgenlobas da imave gadawvetilebaSi dasvas mTavrobis calkeuli wevris acilebis sakiTxi. prezidentis mier acilebis Sesaxeb parlamentis gadawvetilebis gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia acilebuli piris mTavrobis imave SemadgenlobaSi daniSvna mTavrobis gaTavisuflebuli
an gadamdgari wevris nacvlad.
Tu mTavrobis Semadgenlobam an misma samTavrobo programam ver miiRo parlamentis ndoba, saqarTvelos prezidenti erTi kviris vadaSi
warudgens parlaments mTavrobis imave an axal
Semadgenlobas. parlamenti axorcielebs am muxlis me-3 punqtiT gaTvaliwinebul proceduras.
Tu mTavrobis Semadgelobam da samTavrobo
programam zedized samjer ver miiRo parlamentis ndoba, saqarTvelos prezidenti 5 dRis vadaSi wamoayenebs premier-ministris axal kandidaturas an parlamentis Tanxmobis gareSe niSnavs premier-ministrs, xolo premier ministri,
aseve 5 dRis vadaSi, daniSnavs ministrebs saqar127
Tvelos prezidentis TanxmobiT. am SemTxvevaSi
saqarTvelos prezidenti daiTxovs parlaments
da daniSnavs riggareSe arCevnebs.
am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebis
mimdinareobisas dauSvebelia saqarTvelos prezidentis impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis sakiTxis aRZvra.
parlamenti uflebamosilia undobloba gamoucxados mTavrobas sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT. undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis
aRZvris ufleba aqvs parlamentis sruli Semadgenlobis aranakleb erT mesameds. mTavrobisadmi undoblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg saqarTvelos prezidenti gadaayenebs mTavrobas an ar
iziarebs parlamentis gadawvetilebas. Tu parlamenti ara uadres 90 da ara ugvianes 100 dRisa kvlav gamoucxadebs mTavrobas undoblobas,
saqarTvelos prezidenti gadaayenebs mTavrobas
an daiTxovs parlaments da daniSnavs riggareSe
arCevnebs. 511 muxlis `a~ _`d~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas undoblobis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb ganmeorebiTi kenWisyra unda gaimarTos am garemoebebis amowurvidan 15 dReSi.
parlamenti uflebamosilia dadgenilebiT
aRZras mTavrobisaTvis upirobo undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxi. Tu dadgenilebis miRebidan,
ara uadres 15 da ara ugvianes 20 dRisa, parla128
menti sruli Semadgenlobis sami mexuTedis umravlesobiT gamoucxadebs mTavrobas undoblobas, prezidenti gadaayenebs mTavrobas. Tu parlamenti mTavrobas undoblobas ver gamoucxadebs, mTavrobis undoblobis sakiTxis dasma
Semdegomi 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi dauSvebelia.
am muxlis me-2 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
wesiT mTavrobis gadayenebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos prezidenti uflebamosili ar aris
mTavrobis momdevno SemadgenlobaSi daniSnos
igive piri premier-ministrad, an waradginos
premier-ministrobis igive kandidatura.
premier-ministri
uflebamosilia
dasvas
mTavrobis ndobis sakiTxi parlamentSi gansaxilveli saxelmwifo biujetis, sagadasaxado
kodeqsis da mTavrobis struqturis, uflebamosilebisa da saqmianobis wesis Sesaxeb kanonproeqtebze. parlamenti mTavrobas ndobas ucxadebs
sruli Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT. Tu parlamenti mTavrobas ndobas ar gamoucxadebs, saqarTvelos prezidenti, erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi
gadaayenebs mTavrobas an daiTxovs parlaments
da daniSnavs riggareSe arCevnebs.
ndobis gamocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT kenWisyra unda gaimarTos sakiTxis dasmidan 15
dRis ganmavlobaSi. am vadaSi kenWisyris Cautarebloba niSnavs ndobis gamocxadebas.
129
parlamentis mier mTavrobisaTvis ndobis
gamocxadebisas Sesabamisi kanonproeqti miRebulad CaiTvleba. am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
procedurebis mimdinareobisas dauSvebelia saqarTvelos prezidentis impiCmentis wesiT Tanamdebobidan gadayenebis sakiTxis aRZvra.
parlamentis mier mTavrobisa da misi samTavrobo programisaTvis ndobis gamocxadebis
Semdeg mTavrobis Tavdapirveli Semadgenlobis
erTi mesamediT, magram aranakleb mTavrobis 5
wevriT ganaxlebis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos
prezidenti erTi kviris vadaSi warudgens parlaments ndobis misaRebad mTavrobis Semadgenlobas.
parlamentis mier mTavrobis SemadgenlobisTvis ndobis gamocxadeba xdeba konstituciis
me-80 muxliT dadgenili wesiT.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis saqmianobis ZiriTadi organizaciuli forma aris sxdoma. mTavrobis sxdoma tardeba TveSi erTxel mainc. mTavrobis sxdomas iwvevs da mis dRis wesrigs gansazRvravs premier-ministri, garda im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saqarTvelos prezidentia uflebamosili gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT moiwvios
mTavrobis sxdoma da uxelmZRvanelos mas. am
SemTxvevaSi TviT prezidenti gansazRvravs dRis
130
wesrigs da sxdomaze miRebuli gadawvetileba
formdeba prezidentis aqtiT.
mTavrobis sxdoma, rogorc wesi daxurulia.
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi, agreTve
mTavrobis gadawvetilebiT mTavrobis sxdoma
SeiZleba gamocxaddes sajarod. mTavrobis muSaobis, mTavrobis sxdomis momzadebis, warmarTvisa da sxdomaze sakiTxis ganxilvis wesi ganisazRvreba mTavrobis reglamentiT, romelsac
premier-ministris wardginebiT amtkicebs mTavroba. mTavrobis sxdoma uflebamosilia, Tu mas
eswreba mTavrobis sruli Semadgenlobis naxevarze meti. mTavroba gadawvetilebas iRebs
sxdomaze damswre wevrTa xmebis umravlesobiT,
magram aranakleb sruli Semadgenlobis erTi
mesamedisa. xmebis Tanabrad gayofis SemTxvevaSi,
gadamwyvetia sxdomis Tavmjdomaris xma. mTavrobis sxdomis gadawvetileba formdeba mTavrobis
dadgenilebiT, romelsac xels awers premier-ministri, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac sxdomas
kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi xelmZRvanelobs
prezidenti.
saqarTvelos prezidentisa da mTavrobis
warmomadgenlobas saqarTvelos administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifo rwmunebuli _ gubernatori.
saxelmwifo rwmunebuli _ gubernatori kanoniT dadgenili wesiT axorcielebs saxelmwi131
fo zedamxedvelobas adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis saqmianobaze da axorcielebs
kanoniT gansazRvrul sxva uflebamosilebebs.
saxelmwifo rwmunebulis _ gubernatoris Tanamdebobaze daniSvnisa da Tanamdebobidan gaTavisuflebis wesi ganisazRvreba kanoniT.
prokuraturis organoebi Sedis iusticiis
saministros sistemaSi da maT saerTo xelmZRvanelobas axorcielebs iusticiis ministri. prokuraturis uflebamosileba da saqmianobis wesi
ganisazRvreba kanoniT.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos konstituciaSi Setanilia mTeli rigi punqtebi, romelic 2013 wlidan amoqmeddeba. maT Sorisaa
mTavrobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. konstituciis Semdegi muxlebi: 80, 81, 811, 813. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani Tanmimdevrulad.
axalarCeuli parlamentis uflebamosilebis cnobisTanave mTavrobis uflebamosileba
moxsnilad iTvleba da saqarTvelos prezidenti
masve akisrebs movaleobis Sesrulebas mTavrobis axali Semadgenlobis Seqmnamde. saqarTvelos prezidenti mTavrobis uflebamosilebis
moxsnidan 7 dRis vadaSi wamoayenebs parlamentis arCevnebSi saukeTeso Sedegis mqone saarCevno subieqtis mier misTvis wardgenil premierministris kandidaturas.
132
premier-ministrobis kandidati 7 dRis vadaSi SearCevs ministrTa kandidaturebs da saqarTvelos parlaments warudgens mTavrobis Semadgenlobas ndobis misaRebad. mTavrobis SemadgenlobasTan erTad wardgenili unda iqnes samTavrobo programa. saqarTvelos parlamenti mTavrobis Semadgenlobis wardgenidan 7 dRis vadaSi ganixilavs da kenWs uyris mTavrobis SemadgenlobisTvis ndobis gamocxadebis sakiTxs.
parlamentis ndobis misaRebad saWiroa parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobis mxardaWera. Tu mTavrobis Semadgenlobam ndoba ver
miiRo, mTavrobis Semadgenlobis parlamentSi
wardgenidan 30 dRis vadaSi ganmeorebiT eyreba
kenWi mTavrobis Tavdapirvelad wardgenili an
ganaxlebuli SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamocxadebis sakiTxs.
Tu ar iqneba wardgenili premier-ministrobis kandidati an mTavrobis Semadgenlobas am
muxlis me-5 punqtiT dadgenili wesiT da gaTvalsiwinebul vadaSi parlamenti ndobas ver gamoucxadebs, prezidenti 7 dRis vadaSi premierministrobis kandidatad wamoayenebs parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis aranakleb ori mexuTedis mier wardgenil kandidaturas. Tu parlamentis wevrTa sxvadasxva Semadgenloba 2 kandidaturas waradgens, prezidenti premier-ministrobis kandidatad wamoayenebs im kandidatu133
ras, romelic parlamentis ufro metma wevrma
waradgina, xolo warmdgenTa Tanabari raodenobis SemTxvevaSi _ erT-erT wardgenil kandidaturas.
am muxlis me-6 punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul
SemTxvevaSi mTavrobis wevrTa SerCeva da mTavrobis SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamocxadeba
xdeba am muxlis me-3 da me-4 punqtebiT dadgenili wesiT. Tu parlamenti ndobas ver gamoucxadebs mTavrobis Semadgenlobas, saqarTvelos
prezidenti 3 dRis vadaSi daiTxovs parlaments
da daniSnavs riggareSe arCevnebs.
mTavrobis SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamocxadebidan 2 DdRis vadaSi prezidenti niSnavs premier-ministrs, xolo premier-ministri
aseve 2 dRis vadaSi mTavrobis sxva wevrebs. Tu
prezidenti aRniSnul vadaSi ar gamoscems samarTlebriv aqts premier-ministris Taobaze,
premier-ministri daniSnulad CaiTvleba.
mTavrobis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos prezidenti 7 dRis vadaSi premierministrobis kandidatad wamoayenebs
saparlamento umravlesobis, xolo Tu umravlesoba Seqmnili ar aris _ im saparlamento fraqciis mier wardgenil kandidaturas, romelSic
parlamentis yvelaze meti wevria gaerTianebuli. mTavrobis wevrTa SerCeva da mTavrobis SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamocxadeba xdeba
134
konstituciis me-80 muxlis me-3 _me-8 punqtebiT
dadgenili wesiT. am muxlis pirveli punqtiT
gaTvaliswinebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas saqarTvelos prezidenti mTavrobis imave Semadgenlobas akisrebs movaleobis Sesrulebas
mTavrobis axali Semadgenlobis Seqmnamde.
parlamenti uflebamosilia undobloba gamoucxados mTavrobas, undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis aRZvris Sesaxeb parlaments SeiZleba mimarTos palamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis
aranakleb orma mexuTedma. undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis aRZvrasTan dakavSirebiT kenWisyra imarTeba ara uadres 20 da ara ugvianes
25 dRisa. undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxi aRZrulad CaiTvleba, Tu am gadawyvetilebas
mxars dauWers parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis naxevarze meti. Tu parlamenti ar miiRebs
gadawyvetilebas undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis aRZvris Taobaze, parlamentis imave wevrTa mier undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis
aRZvris Sesaxeb parlamentisTvis mimarTva kenWisyridan eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi dauSvebelia.
undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis aRZvridan ara uadres 20 da ara ugvianes 25 dRisa parlamenti kenWs uyris parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis aranakleb ori mexuTedis mier dasaxelebuli premier-ministris kandidaturis prezidentisaTvis wardgenas. Tu am punqtiT dadgeni135
li wesiT dasaxelda premier-ministris 2 kandidatura, kenWi eyreba orive kandidaturas. prezidents premier-ministris kandidatura waredgineba, Tu mas mxars dauWers parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis naxevarze meti. am punqtiT dadgenili wesiT premier-ministris kandidaturis warudgenloba niSnavs undoblobis gamocxadebis
proceduris Sewyvetas.
prezidenti uflebamosilia premier-ministris kandidaturis wardgenidan 5 dRis vadaSi
wamoayenos wardgenili premier-ministris kandidatura an uari ganacxados am kandidaturis wamoyenebaze. Tu prezidenti wamoayenebs parlamentis mier wardgenil kandidaturas, mTavrobis
axali SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamocxadeba
xdeba konstituciis me-80 muxlis me-3 da me-4
punqtebiT dadgenili wesiT.
Tu prezidenti am muxlis mesame punqtiT
gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi uars ganacxadebs
parlamentis mier misTvis wardgenili premierministris kandidaturis wamoyenebaze, parlamenti kandidaturis wardgenidan ara uadres 15 da
ara ugvianes 20 dRisa kenWs uyris prezidentisaTvis
premier-ministris imave kandidaturis
wardgenas. Tu wardgenas mxars dauWers parlamentis siiTi Semadgenlobis sami mexuTedi, prezidenti valdebulia 3 dRis vadaSi wamoayenos
misTvis wardgenili premier-ministris kandida136
tura, mTavrobis axali SemadgenlobisaTvis
ndobis gamocxadeba xdeba konstituciis me-80
muxlis me-3 da me-4 punqtebiT dadgenili wesiT.
parlamentis mier am muxlis me-3 an me-4 punqtiT dadgenili wesiT mTavrobis axali SemadgenlobisaTvis ndobis gamocxadeba CaiTvleba
mTavrobisTvis undoblobis gamocxadebad, rac
iwvevs misi uflebamosilebis Sewyvetas. axali
premier-ministrisa da mTavrobis wevrTa daniSvna xdeba konstituciis me-80 muxlis me-8 punqtiT dadgenili wesiT. parlamentis mier am muxlis me-3 an me-4 punqtiT dadgenili wesiT mTavrobis axali SemadgenlobisTvis ndobis gamoucxadeblobis SemTxvevaSi prezidenti uflebamosilia 3 dRis vadaSi daiTxovos parlamenti da
daniSnos riggareSe arCevnebi.
premier-ministri uflebamosilia mTavrobis
mier iniciirebul kanonproeqtTan dakavSirebiT
parlamentis winaSe dasvas mTavrobis ndobis sakiTxi. parlamenti kanonproeqts kenWs uyris am
muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxis dasmidan 14 dRis vadaSi. kanonproeqti
miiReba erTi mosmeniT, konstituciis 66-e muxliT Sesabamisi kanonis proeqtis misaRebad gansazRvruli kvorumiT. Tu kanonproeqti ar iqneba miRebuli, es CaiTvleba konstituciis 81-e
muxlis pirveli punqtiT gansazRvrul gadawyvetilebad undoblobis gamocxadebis sakiTxis
137
aRZvris Taobaze da gagrZeldeba konstituciis
81-e muxlis me-2_me-4 punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli procedurebi. Tu parlamenti konstituciis
81-e muxlis me-2_me-4 punqtebiT dadgenili wesiT
da gaTvaliswinebul vadebSi undoblobas ar
gamoucxadebs mTavrobas, kanonproeqti miRebulad CaiTvleba.
garkveuli cvlileba igegmeba gubernatoris
TanamdebobasTan dakavSirebiT. Tu dReisTvis
momqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad gubernatoris Tanamdebobaze daniSvna-ganTavisuflebis sakiTxi ganisazRvreba organuli kanoniT, 2013
wlidan es problema mTavrobis prerogativa
xdeba.
138
daskvna
winamdebare naSromSi ganvixileT monarqiuli da saprezidento saxelmwifos centraluri
xelisuflebis ZiriTadi struqturebi.
XVIII saukunis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samefos centraluri xelisuflebis analizma sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis gaTvaliswinebiT saSualeba mogvca aRgvedgina da gangvesazRvra erTis
mxriv, mefis da meore mxriv, darbazis funqciebi.
XVIII saukuneSi monarqiuli saxelmwifos
saTaveSi dgas mefe, romelic amave dros aris
qveynis umaRlesi mTavarsardali. mefoba aris
memkvidreobiTi da mefe aucileblad iyo bagrationTa dinastiidan. misi Zalaufleba iyo erTpirovnuli. sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom aRniSnul periodSi saxelisuflebo struqturebSi
didia dedoflis da ufliswulebis gavlena.
maT ufleba aqvT monawileoba miiRon saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi.
mefe sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas axorcielebs `darbazis~ meSveobiT.
`darbazSi~ gaerTianebuli iyvnen umaRlesi
saero da sasuliero aristokratia. didgvarovnebis Tanamdebobebi maTi Semosavlis da siZlieris mixedviT ganisazRvreboda. rogorc sakanonmdeblo Zeglebidan Cans, feodalebi ar iyvnen
139
SezRuduli ramodenime Tanamdebobis SeTavsebisgan. es faqti rogorc Cans, ganpirobebuli
iyo mefis xelisuflebis sisustiT.
Tanamedrove saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebis struqturebi SeviswavleT saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT, sadac XVIII saukunis sakanonmdeblo Zeglebisgan gansxvavebiT
srulyofilad aris Camoyalibebuli da gansazRvruli prezidentis, parlamentis da mTavrobis
funqciebi.
prezidentis da parlamentis urTierTdamokidebulebas mmarTvelobis formebis Taviseburebebi ganapirobebs. saprezidento respublikaSi
prezidenti formalurad ar ereva parlamentis
saSinao saqmianobaSi. naxevrad saprezidento
respublika, erTi mxriv, zRudavs prezidentis
prerogativebs sakanonmdeblo procesSi, meore
mxriv, aRWuravs mas parlamentis daTxovnis uflebiT. saparlamento respublikaSi _ prezidenti mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas axdens parlamentis saqmianobaze.
saprezidento
respublikaSi
prezidenti
warmoadgens aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis meTaurs, romelic uSualod xelmZRvanelobs
mTavrobas. naxevradsaprezidento respublikaSi
prezidents gaaCnia uflebamosileba, romelic
saSualebas aZlevs, moaxdinos zemoqmedeba mTavrobis saqmianobaze, magram Tavad mTavrobas
140
xelmZRvanelobs premier-ministri. saparlamento
respublikaSi prezidents faqtobrivad ara aqvs
ufleba Caerios mTavrobis saqmianobaSi [40. 80].
dReisaTvis saqarTvelo aris saprezidento
respublika, romlis saTaveSi dgas prezidenti.
prezidenti aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas axorcielebs mTavrobis meSveobiT. sakanonmdeblo
organo aris parlamenti.
saqarTvelos konstituciis 67-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos prezidents aqvs sakanonmdeblo iniciativis ufleba. saqarTvelos prezidentis mier wardgenil kanonproeqts misive
moTxovniT parlamenti ganixilavs riggareSe.
prezidentis aqtivoba saWiroa SeTanxmdes parlamentis samuSao gegmasTan, radgan sxva iniciatorebis mier momzadebul kanonproeqtebsac mieces ganxilvis SesaZlebloba. `saqarTvelos prezidentis an mTavrobis mier wardgenil kanonproeqts maTive moTxovniT parlamenti ganixilavs riggareSe.
`Tu mTavroba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul vadaSi ar warmoadgens SeniSvnebs parlamentSi
gansaxilvel kanonproeqtTan dakavSirebiT, kanonproeqti mTavrobis mier mowonebulad CaiTvleba~ [saq. konstitucia, muxli 67, punqti 2,3].
rac Seexeba mTavrobas, is Sedgeba premierministris da ministrebisgan. `mTavroba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad uzrunvel141
yofs aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis, qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ganxorcielebas.
mTavroba pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos prezidentisa da parlamentis winaSe~ [saq. konstitucia, muxli 78, punqti 1].
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi ZiriTadi sakiTxebi:
1. XVIII saukuneSi vaxtang VI-is da erekle IIis mefoba gamoirCeva reformatoruli moRvaweobiT, rac saxelmwifo struqturebis daxvewas
iTvaliswinebda. amavdroulad, qarTl-kaxeTis
mefe erekle II cdilobda qarTuli saxelmwifos
evropul sistemaze mowyobas.
dRevandeli saqarTvelos xelisufleba aseve gamoirCeva evropeizaciisken swrafviT, reformebis gatarebis simravliT da xelisuflebis sxvadasxva organoebis gaZlierebiT. amas
mowmobs konstituciaSi Setanili mTeli rigi
cvlilebebi.
2. sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mudmivi srulyofa dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom saxelmwifo, rogorc adamianTa politikuri erTianobis gansakuTrebuli instituti Tavis funqciebsa da amocanebs axorcielebs sxvadasxva organoebis meSveobiT. swored saxelmwifo organoTa sistema
aris is saSualeba, Zala da avtoriteti, rom-
142
lis meSveobiTac xorcieldeba saxelmwifo xelisufleba.
3. XVIII saukunis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
centralur xelisuflebaSi sakanonmdeblo da
aRmasrulebel
organos warmoadgenda `darbazi~. dRevandel sakanonmdeblo organos warmoadgens parlamenti, aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba ki xorcieldeba mTavrobis meSveobiT.
4. saintereso paralelebi moiZebna saqarTvelos prezidentis, parlamentis, mTavrobis
ufleba-movaleobebsa da XVIII saukunis qarTlkaxeTis mefisa da darbazis uflebebs Soris.
XVIII saukunis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
mefe iTvleboda qveynis pirvel da xelSeuxebel
pirad, romelic xelisuflebaSi mTavari wamyvani figura iyo. faqtobrivad yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxi mefis mier wydeboda.
monarqisgan gansxvavebiT, prezidenti Tavis qmedebebze pasuxs agebs. misi uflebamosilebani gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos konstituciiT.
5. mefis xelisufleba feodalur saqarTveloSi memkvidreobiTia. mniSvneloba ara aqvs momavali mefis fizikur Tu gonebriv SesaZleblobebs, mas avtomaturad gadaecema samefo regaliebi.
saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, prezidents xalxi irCevs. erTi da igive pirovneba
mxolod orjer SeiZleba iyos arCeuli. danaSa143
ulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi, prezidenti SeiZleba
gaasamarTlon mouwyon impiCmenti, rac kanonmdeblobiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
6. XVIII saukunis `darbazis~ wevrebi iyvnen
qarTl-kaxeTis samefos saero da sasuliero
aristokratia. aseve, visac gaaCnda `dideba~ anu
maRali rangis Tanamdeboba.
saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebs irCevs
xalxi dadgenili saarCevno kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, xalxi Zalauflebas axorcielebs Tavisi warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT.
144
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura:
1. arseniZe r. ganxilva mefe vaxtang meeqvsis kanonmdeblobisa, parizi, 1963.
2. Д. Багратиони. Обозрение Грузии по части прави и
законодателя, apolon rogavas gamokvleviT da
redaqciiT, Tbilisi, 1959.
3. baqraZe, d. cxovreba vaxtang meeqvsisa, Tbilisi 1880.
4. gabaSvili v. qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo
weswyobileba dasturlamalis mixedviT. naSromi wardgenili istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tbilisi,
1942.
5. gabaSvili v. qarTuli feodaluri wyobileba
XVI-XVII saukuneebSi. Tbilisi, 1958.
6. gabaSvili v. saxelmwifo wyobilebis sakiTxisaTvis gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi, krebuli `mimomxilveli~, II, Tbilisi, 1951.
7. demetraSvili a. kobaxiZe i. konstituciuri
samarTali. Tbilisi, 2008.
8. demetraSvili a. msoflio qveynebis konstituciebi, Tbilisi, 1992.
9. demetraSvili a. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo samarTali, Tbilisi, 2002.
10. vaxtang meeqvse. `dasturlamali~. petre umikaSvilis redaqtorobiT, Tbilisi, 1886.
145
11. Todua T. saxelmwifo marTva: istoria, Teoria, praqtika. Tbilisi, 2008.
12. ioseliani p. cxovreba giorgi mecametisa. Sesavali werilebis, SeniSvnebiT da redaqciiT
akaki gawereliasi. Tbilisi, 1936.
13. kekelia m. sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi saqarTveloSi ruseTTan SeerTebis win.
wigni I (qarTl-kaxeTis samefo), Tbilisi, 1981.
14. konstituciuri samarTali. a. demetraSvilis
redaqtorobiT, Tbilisi, 2005.
15. kupataZe b. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis istoria, Tbilisi, 2009.
16. lekveiSvili m. mdivanbegebis sasamarTlo
kompetencia gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi.
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17. lobJaniZe g. narkvevebi qarTul-sazogadoebriv politikur moZRvrebaTa istoriidan, Tbilisi, 1998.
18. lobJaniZe g. qarTuli saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoria, Tbilisi, 2001.
19. lovo f. Tanamedrove didi demokratebi, Tbilisi, 2002.
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2005.
21. melqaZe o. sazRvargareTis qveynebis saxelmwifo samarTali, Tbilisi, 1996.
146
22. melqaZe o. saubrebi qarTul konstituciaze,
Tbilisi, 1996.
23. mesxia S. masalebi qarTl-kaxeTis samefos samoxeleo wyobis Sesaxeb. krebuli `masalebi
saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis~.
nakveTi I, Tbilisi, 1948.
24. metreveli v. qarTuli samarTlis istoria.
Tbilisi, 2009.
25. orbeliani p. ambavni qarTlisani. teqsti daadgina, Sesavali, leqsikoni da saZieblebi
daurTo elene cagareiSvilma, Tbilisi, 1981.
26. ruxaZe z. saqarTvelos konstituciuri samarTali, Tbilisi, 2004.
27. ruxaZe z. xelisufleba da kanonmdebloba.
disertacia wardgenili iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandidatis akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad. Tbilisi, 2003.
28. sazRvargareTis qveynebis saparlamento praqtikis mimoxilva, Tbilisi, 1991.
29. samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa, SeniSvnebi
daurTo da gamosacemad moamzada daviT furcelaZem, Tbilisi 1990.
30. samarTali vaxtang meeqvsisa. petre umikaSvilis redaqtorobiT, Tbilisi, 1886.
31. saqarTvelos istoria, t. I, Tbilisi 1958.
32. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. III, Tbilisi, 1979.
147
33. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. IV, Tbilisi, 1973.
34. saqarTvelos konstituciuri samarTali, Tbilisi, 2003.
35. surgulaZe iv. saqarTvelos politikur moZRvrebaTa istoriidan, Tbilisi, 1985.
36. surgulaZe iv. qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
wyaroebi, Tbilisi, 1984.
37. qarTuli diplomatiuri leqsikoni. t. II, Tbilisi, 1999.
38. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, teqstebi
gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo
isidore doliZem, Tbilisi, 1963.
39. Saio a. xelisuflebis TviTSezRudva. konstitucionalizmis Sesavali, Tbilisi, 2003.
40. SaiSmelaSvili l. prezidentis instituti,
Tbilisi, 2008
41. cnobilaZe p. erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba
da institucionalizmis ganviTareba Tanamedrove etapze, disertacia warmodgenili samarTlis mecnierebaTa kandidatis akademiuri
xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tbilisi, 1994.
42. cnobilaZe p. saqarTvelos konstituciuri samarTali, Tbilisi, 2002.
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45. janda q. beri j. m. goldmeni j. amerikuli
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149
normatiuli masala
saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos parlamentis reglamenti~, 2004 weli.
saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos parlamentis wevris statusis Sesaxeb~, 1998 weli.
saqarTvelos kanoni `saparlamento fraqciis Sesaxeb~, 1997 weli.
saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelos mTavrobis struqturis, uflebamosilebisa da saqmianobis wesis Sesaxeb~, 2004 weli.
.
saqarTvelos kanoni `saomari mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb~, 1997 weli.
saqarTvelos kanoni `sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~, 1997 weli.
saqarTvelos kanoni `normatiuli aqtebis
Sesaxeb~, 2009 weli.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, 1995 wlis 24 agvisto.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tb; 2005.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tb; 2010.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, baTumi 2011
saqarTvelos organuli kanoni `referendumis Sesaxeb~, 1996 weli.
saqarTvelos organuli kanoni `saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi~, 2001 weli.
150
SUMMARY
On the basis of the Georgian narrative sources, the
legislative monuments and the rich scientific literature the
problems of organization, rights and responsibilities of the
central government of the 18th century Kartl-Kakheti kingdom
(king, court) are studied in the work With the help of the
comparative analyses and on the basis of today’s constitution
of Georgia the ruling and governing functions of president,
parliament and government are shown. From the viewpoint of
the culture of law the common and distinctive features of these
two epochs are shown as well.
On the background of the institutional development of
statehood and law, when the process of improvement and
polishing of the governmental structures and organizations of
Georgia takes place, illumination of the problem of the central
government organization gains the special importance.
As it is well known for centuries Georgia was monarchic
government with the specific order peculiar to the mentioned
system.
The legislative monuments that are survived mainly
belong to developed and late feudal period. After taking them
into consideration it is possible to define the functions of the
central as well as the local government.
From the political, socio–economical, as well as
legislative situation the 18th century is one of the complicated
and many-sided periods of the history of Georgia. After taking
into consideration the legislative monuments of the 18th century
151
we singled out to stages: 1. The first part of the 18th century,
when the country was under the influence of Iran and Osmans,
when the posts and names peculiar to the Eastern governing
system prevailed. 2. The II part of the 18th century, the period
of establishing the posts peculiar to the European system and
several measures of reorganization.
Compiling of each Georgian legislative monument was
connected with the difficult socio- economic and political
conditions caused by internal and foreign situation of the
country that determined their legislative purpose. For
reinforcement of the central government and establishing the
order in the country the governing system should have been
improved and inculcate in practice.
As we have mentioned the Kartl – Kakheti kingdom of
the 18th century was the country with monarchic order ruled by
absolut leader – king. According to the principle of monarchy
kingdom is hereditary. The king of Kartl – Kakheti was
carrying out the legislative and executive power with the help
of “darbazi”, where the representatives of the legislative and
executive power were presented. “Darbazi” with the presidency
of king was discussing all issues of governmental importance
and each decision was received after king’s consent.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and restoring
the governmental independence of Georgia president became
the first person of the country. According to the constitution of
1995 Georgia officially was announced as a presidential
republic. In difference with the18th century Kartl – Kakheti
kingdom today Georgia is presidential republic.
152
As it is known the characteristic feature of the
presidential republic is a great role in governing of the country.
One of the main signs of democracy is the principle of the
election of president. The merit of this rule is that president is
the symbol of the country. The political stability, that has a
great importance for Georgia, is determined by this form of
governing.
The role of president in governing the country is reflected
in authority and power that is given to president by
constitution. In difference with the rights of the 18th century
king of Kartl - Kakheti who was inviolable, protected figure
and all important governmental issues were solved only with
his consent and participation. President is responsible for his
actions. He also carries out the legislative authority, power
with the help of parliament and the executive power with the
help of government. Parliament in the system of distribution of
the power belongs to so called legislative branch and its main
function is to carry out the legislative power. Besides, after
receiving governmental budget and with the help of controlling
its fulfillment the government manages treasury, also controls
the activity of the executive power. Parliament is a
representative of people, expresses its will and acts in its name.
As for government, according to the legislation of
Georgia it carries out executive power, internal and foreign
policy of the country. The government is responsible to the
president and parliament of Georgia.
In difference with the 18th century Kartl – Kakheti
kingdom government of today’s Georgia is separated among
different structures. If in the 18th century king was carrying out
153
the governmental and executive power with the help of
“darbazi”, in the 21st century Georgia this function is divided
between the parliament and the government.
The comparative analysis of today’s and the 18th century
Georgia central government is a burning subject of the history
of Georgian law. Today the reforms of governmental
importance are taking place that means to adjust the European
system. The 18th century is also distinguished with the
multiplity of reforms connected with the names of Vakhtang
VI and Erekle II.
154
gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 1, : 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: [email protected]
155
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