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JJ Blanco Rivero Research interests

Very early in my academic career I defined the focus of my future research as the quest for the interrelationships between semantics and social structure. This is my main line of investigation and it clusters all of the research projects I have undertaken so far. So I shall first say some words about semantics and social structure and then I will sketch the different ramifications I have explored.

RESEARCH INTERESTS Very early in my academic career I defined the focus of my future research as the quest for the interrelationships between semantics and social structure. This is my main line of investigation and it clusters all of the research projects I have undertaken so far. So I shall first say some words about semantics and social structure and then I will sketch the different ramifications I have explored. During the last decades of social theorizing, the study of society, social systems, social phenomena, and so on, has yielded two grand theoretical fields of inquiry, both of which condition each other: the linguistic domain, wherein language performs social changes by means of creating expectations that guide action; by attributing and, as a result, generating social status; and by generating new social situations which, when sufficiently specialized, give rise to the differentiation of social systems; and the social domain per se, which is structured by the different types of social relations (of course, there are many theories about how society is structured and/or differentiated: social stratification, social differentiation, social networks…). The question is how non-linguistic factors like social structure trigger social change or, on the contrary, produces stability, and how language configures social reality and which role it plays in social change and social stability. The problem is that, paradoxically, the very distinction that allows this perspective is in itself a semantic artifact, and that most of the data out of which social structure can be observed or deduced (leaving aside statistical series –though, in a sense, this is also semantic data, only that it is represented mathematically) is semantic. My research on semantics and social structure has driven me to different areas of knowledge: Historical sciences: All of my publications on historical issues (and for me there is still a lot to be achieved in this field) are subsumed to the hypothesis that semantics and social structure can be taken as a directive distinction guiding conceptual formation and research programs along history, anthropology, archaeology and ethnography as well. I mean that no convincing overarching explanation of social phenomena (by which I do not mean explaining everything!) can be delivered by these disciplines if the relationship between semantic and social elements is not clarified. Accordingly, I have tried to investigate cases of study where I can not only put my hypothesis to test, but also gain more insight into the problems to be faced in order to enrich/correct/enhance my theoretical model. Social Theory/ Theory of sociocultural evolution: The aforementioned hypothesis have led me to try to bridge history and social theorizing, which is not an easy task, since most of the historians think that valid generalizations derive almost exclusively from the study of relevant historical sources. But as I also mentioned, historical research has given me occasion to do more research on what a social theory that explains the interaction between semantics and social structure should look like. A key issue here is how to understand social structure. Since most of sociologist tend to identify social structure with social stratification, it has been an important discovery to me to become aware of the difference. In order to go beyond stratification and social organization and rethinking the problem of social evolution, I have found in Luhmann's systems theory a stimulating alternative, because Luhmann conceives society and its evolution in terms of communication. Therefore, I have come to understand social structure as communicative structures in contrast to specific linguistic phenomena, like semantics. In order to stress this difference I realized I needed to deepen my knowledge in information theory, then my model depended on the difference between information and meaning. In a sort of feedback loop, these findings have helped me to understand the historical problem of totalitarianism. Philosophy (analytic philosophy, philosophy of language, hermeneutics, semiotics): Not only I needed to understand what social structure was about, but also semantics. Therefore, I have spent considerable effort in reading philosophy of language, hermeneutics, semiotics and conceptual history. There is a close link between my interest on these philosophical issues and my initial research projects. I began my academic career writing about intellectual history (both, methodologically and historically) by the hands of Quentin Skinner, J. G. A. Pocock, and Reinhart Koselleck, and they led me to explore Gadamer's, Wittgenstein's, Searle's, and Rorty's philosophy. Philosophy of Science: The poor reception of my work among historians has made me reflect thoroughly on epistemological issues. Calling into question the intellectual tradition that gave rise to epistemology and that feeds most of present day philosophy of mind, I am currently working on rethinking epistemology –being influenced by metamathematics and logics, especially those works dealing with self-reference, heterarchy, paradox, incompleteness, feedback loops, and so on. Complexity Sciences: Recently, I have been gaining more interest in complexity sciences like fractal geometry, network theory, agent based modelling, and dynamical systems. I am looking for tools that help me to model both: the intertwining between semantics and social structure; and the evolution of (human) communication –what includes among my interests, the evolution of human language. Currently, I intend to conduct a research project called “A General Theory of Sociocultural Evolution”. I argue that social cognition is a defining trait of social systems and that it must be carefully differentiated from human cognition. Human cognition as a research goal and as a model for cognition in general, might have become an epistemological obstacle (i.e. it feeds thinking habits like reductionism, e.g., to reduce emergent patterns, like the self-organization of communication to form social systems, to mental phenomena; to seek for correlations between mind and nature, res cogita and res extensa; and/or to reduce society to sociobiological behavior patterns). I see social cognition as nothing else but information-processing; social systems deal with information engendered by communication media, and the evolution of communication (which equals to social/ sociocultural evolution) depends on the growth of information that affords more complex social formations. In short, it will be crucial for my investigation to stress cognition as a general property of complex systems, to clarify what a communication medium is about (i.e. what distinguishes mediation and information transmission from “mediality”), and to study the formal and temporal traits of communication (e.g., autopoiesis, double closure, self-reference, and re-entries or fractality).