Computer Conferencing

Management Communication Quarterly, 2003

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2019

This paper presents a new model, Computer-supported Crisis Management Communication (3C) to capture communication during crisis management when communication is mediated by computational tools. Different services (e.g., police, army, hospital, fire service) support crisis management with different responsibilities. Each service has unique concerns regarding the main elements of the situation, the major values, interests and objectives to be fulfilled, and the relevant alternative course of action. While the services have well-defined and distinct responsibilities, teams within and between disciplines must share information and make adjustments to meet changes in a dynamic environment. Despite recent technical advances in the area of systems support for cooperative work during crisis, there is still relatively little understanding of the communication requirements. Moreover, independent of the software, recent analyses show that trust between partners is crucial during crisis management. We draw on models of interpersonal trust, technology acceptance, situation awareness and communication to elaborate a new model integrating all these factors and to provide recommendations for computer-supported communication environments.

INTRODUCTION Communicating during a crisis is now on an international stage. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) allow people to seek and share information that extends beyond the messages that organizations craft. Firms have found that they no longer control crisis information because their stakeholders can create and share messages, sometimes more quickly and more accurately, than the organization experiencing the crisis. While some organizations have adapted to share the message creation process with their stakeholders, other groups are challenged by these changes. Today multiple stakeholders receive and use diverse forms of information during a crisis. Our goals for this chapter are threefold. First, we review the interdisciplinary, historical literature on crisis communication. The second goal is to provide a comprehensive summary of the combinatorial nature of communication and information technologies when used in crisis situations today. This section highlights some of the latest research on how social media are used to communicate in crises and emergencies, such as threats on university campuses, product recalls, and wildfires. Finally, we discuss the future of this research and the role that ICTs will play in future crisis communication.

Instructional Science, 1992

The low uptake of computer text conferencing, despite its unique functionality, suggests that developers of this technology have paid insufficient attention to human factors. In Ergonomics (Human Factors Engineering) the study of untoward events such as user errors, systems failures and disasters is a widely-used and fruitful research strategy. Anomalous and unexpected events and actions likewise constitute an important source of data and insights for sociological, ethnographic and linguistic studies of human communication. In the present paper we combine these traditions, applying qualitative failure analysis to computer-mediated text conferencing. The data is drawn from two episodes of communication failure involving geographically dispersed groups engaged in different types of task. In one episode a consultative discussion aimed at the development of professional expertise collapsed in rancour. In the other, a design error was propagated, through misunderstanding, into the implementation stage of a project. The analysis has substantive implications for user training in new types of writing and reading skill and for the functional and interface design of textcommunication systems. There are also methodological implications for studies of computer mediated communications. It is argued that a surface analysis of the episodes is insufficient for full understanding of the communication failures: the record must be interpreted in the context of the practices, institutions and structures that exist in the social world outside the computerised textcommunication system.

Computer Networks, 1976

FORUM was the first instance of a "social network" implemented on a computer network. In the course of the FORUM project at the Institute for the Future, 28 experimental computer conferences among geographically dispersed users were conducted on the ARPANET, then analyzed to understand user behavior in this new medium of communication. Examples of actual conferences are presented to illustrate the group dynamics and user reactions observed, and to project potentia! applications of teleconferencing through computer networks. Guidelines for these applications are derived from the identification of five distinct styles of computer conferencing that are best suited for specific research and management tasks.

This work focuses on how individuals interact and make collective decisions during crisis situations. We developed a prototype to aid the decision-making process by focusing on how to facilitate the "correct information to the correct agent" problem as well as encouraging new and agile behaviour. Our software is based on real life case studies documented during Hurricane Katrina and the Fukoshima Nuclear disaster and an analysis of social media communications during Hurricane Sandy. Communication is broken down into three categories (command, report and personal) and we developed a formal grammar for these. IntCris is then the implementation of this formal grammar (all communications requirements) as well as additional features essential for interaction during such circumstances.

Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

This report is based on several projects at the University of Michigan. The software used is CONFER. a computer-augmented conferencing program. Access is provided nationally through TELENET data services. The paper describes hardware and software for information systems at the University of Michigan, the development of CONFER, and a rationale for computer-aided communication within professional communities. Six applications of this particular software and system are summarized: national committees, regional planning groups, on-campus working groups, and user consulting services. One innovative application (support of an international congress held recently in Ann Arbor) is described in detail. Computer-based communications were used for sending messages, adjusting schedules, planning additional sessions and trips, and developing written material through computer-mediated caucuses on specific topics. Contributions of computing to professional communications are summarized, with particular attention given to projected impact on teaching and research in universities.

Proceedings of the 18th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics -, 1980

Pertemuan ke 3 Manajemen layanan Teknologi , 2024

Pertemuan ke 3 Manajemen layanan Teknologi