LIFE SKILL PROJECT

Dr GR PUBLIC SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE Code : 930299) MAHATMA GANDHI VIDHYA PEEDAM MADHAVI MANDIRAM LOKA SEVA TRUST Dr GR ROAD , NEYYATTINKARA LIFE SKILL PROJECT 2017 -2018 Submitted By NAME : Akhil V. John Anoop S. Nair Aswin Babu Ananda Kishore Lenin Chandran Rahul Kenneth Rohith S. Bobby CLASS : XII.D Dr GR PUBLIC SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE Code : 930299) MAHATMA GANDHI VIDHYA PEEDAM MADHAVI MANDIRAM LOKA SEVA TRUST Dr GR ROAD , NEYYATTINKARA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that project is an authentic record of the work done by Akhil V. John, Anoop S. Nair, Aswin Babu, Ananda Kishore, Lenin Chandran, Rahul Kenneth, Rohith S. Bobby , class XII.D during 20172018 towards the partial fulfillment of Project on LIFE SKILL course prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The students has done the project with his/her own effort & with guidance of concerned teacher. Principal Teacher In charge DECLARATION We do here by Akhil V. John, Anoop S. Nair, Aswin Babu, Ananda Kishore, Lenin Chandran, Rahul Kenneth, Rohith S. Bobby, do here by declare that the project entitled “HEALTH & HYGIENE” is a bonafide record of the project work done by us and was under the guidance of Mr.Prasanth.S.R, Mrs. Sanila Manoj.I & Ms. Prathibha, also declare this project or any part of it has not been submitted by us fully or partially for any other examination before. Place : Neyyattinkara Date : Akhil V. John Anoop S. Nair Aswin Babu Ananda Kishore Lenin Chandran Rahul Kenneth Rohith S. Bobby ACKNOWLEDGEMENT There were many people who helped us through their support and guidance for the successful completion of this project. First of all, We thank the Almighty God for his goodness and mercy in giving us the strength to complete this project. We here by express our abundant and sincere gratitude to Mr.Prasanth.S.R, Mrs. Sanila Manoj.I & Ms. Prathibha, Department of Commerce, Dr GR PS, Neyyattinkara for their valuable guidance, constant encouragement and creative suggestions rendered during the course of this project . We thank SISTER MYTHILI (Managing Trustee) Mrs.GOURI NAIR ( Senior Principal ) Mr. MARIA JOE JAGADHESH (Principal) for providing us with all facilities and also for the constant inspiration and encouragement for successful completion of this project. We offer our deepest gratitude to our family members whose prayers and blessings guided us for the successful completion of this project. We also owe our gratitude to our classmates whose support was inevitable for the completion of the project. INDEX Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Topic Life Skills Objectives Of Learning Life Skills Health And Hygiene Health Health Issues Maintaining Health Hygiene Home And Everyday Life Hygiene Scope Of Health Education Aims And Objectives Of Health Education Principles Of Health Education Conclusion Page No. A PROJECT ON LIFE SKILLS Topic HEALTH & HYGIENE …………………………….……………………………. LIFE SKILLS “Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour, that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life”. - World Health Organisation Life skills refer to a multiplicity of psycho-social and interpersonal competencies. Life skills can help people make informed decisions, communicate effectively, develop coping and management skills that can help them lead a healthy and productive life. Some of the life skills are seIf-directed, while others are directed towards others, or both self-directed and others directed. In other words, life skills are skills that equip people to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Life skills are viewed as crucial for everyone to cope with a rapidly changing world. They are skills that can lead us to success and accomplishments both in our professional as well as rate life. Practicing life skills leads to qualities such as self-esteem, sociability and tolerance, to action competencies to take action and generate change, and to capabilities to have the freedom to decide what to do and who to be. Life skills are thus distinctly different from physical or perceptual motor skills, such as practical or health skills, as well as from livelihood skills, such as crafts, money management and entrepreneurial skills . Described in this way, skills that can be said to be life skills are innumerable, and the nature and definition of life skills are likely to differ across cultures and settings. However, analysis of the life skills field suggests that there is a core set of skills that are at the heart of skills-based initiatives for the promotion of the health and well-being of children and adolescents. These are listed below: • Decision making • Interpersonal relationship skills • Problem solving • Self-awareness • Creative thinking • Empathy • Critical thinking • Coping with emotions • Effective communication • Coping with stress Objectives of learning Life Skills Learning life skills will help students in every area of personal and academic life by: * increasing self-esteem and self-responsibility. * inspiring them to stay in school and develop a lifetime enthusiasm for learning. * developing their positive social skills. * developing their critical thinking and decision-making skills. * training them to protect themselves from drugs, violence and other harmful influences. * empowering them to take charge of themselves and our planet's future. Health And Hygiene A healthy life is a dream of each individual. World Health Organization (WHO) declared April 7th as World Health day. This is celebrated with the goal of creating awareness among each individual. For being healthy we need to know the actual meaning of health and hygiene. Let us discuss more on health and hygiene. Health is“a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” A person cannot be said to be healthy merely by a disease-free condition. He/ she should be physically as well as mentally healthy. This demands a hygienic condition. Health and hygiene are two correlated terms. Hygiene can be defined as the practice of certain habits to maintain a good health. It can be at the personal level (personal hygiene) and at the community level (social hygiene). Health Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and self-manage when facing physical, mental, psychological and social changes. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Generally, the context in which an individual life is of great importance for both his health status and quality of their life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society. According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors. More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following • • • • • • Income and social status Social support networks Education and literacy Employment/working conditions Social environments Physical environments • Personal health practices and coping skills • Healthy child development • Biology and genetics • Health care services • Gender • Culture HEALTH ISSUES A lot of types of health issues common with many people across the globe. Disease is one of the most common. As for communicable diseases, both viral and bacterial, AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria are the most common also causing millions of deaths every year. Another health issue that causes death or contributes to other health problems is malnutrition majorly among children. Bodily injuries are also a common health issue worldwide. These injuries, including broken bones, fractures, and burns can reduce a person's quality of life or can cause fatalities including infections that resulted from the injury or the severity injury in general . Some contributing factors to poor health are lifestyle choices. These include smoking cigarettes, and also can include a poor diet, whether it is overeating or an overly constrictive diet. Inactivity can also contribute to health issues and also a lack of sleep, excessive alcohol consumption, and neglect of oral hygiene. There are also genetic disorders that are inherited by the person and can vary in how much they affect the person and when they surface. MAINTAINING HEALTH Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of health care knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy. Diet An important way to maintain your personal health is to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods that provide nutrients to your body. Such nutrients give you energy and keep your body running. Nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and also regulate body processes . Exercise Physical exercise enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It strengthens muscles and improves the cardiovascular system. Sleep Sleep is an essential component to maintaining health. In children, sleep is also vital for growth and development. Ongoing sleep deprivation has been linked to an increased risk for some chronic health problems. In addition, sleep deprivation has been shown to correlate with both increased susceptibility to illness and slower recovery times from illness. Age and condition Sleep Needs Newborns (0–3 months) 14 to 17 hours Infants (4–11 months) 12 to 15 hours Toddlers (1–2 years) 11 to 14 hours Preschoolers (3–5 years) 10 to 13 hours School-age children (6–13 years) 9 to 11 hours Teenagers (14–17 years) 8 to 10 hours Adults (18–64 years) 7 to 9 hours Older Adults (65 years and over) 7 to 8 hours Hygiene Hygiene is a set of practices performed for the preservation of health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Whereas in popular culture and parlance it can often mean mere 'cleanliness', hygiene goes much beyond that to include all circumstances and practices, lifestyle issues, premises and commodities that engender a safe and healthy environment, especially in modern medicine. Some regular hygienic practices may be considered good habits by a society, while the neglect of hygiene can be considered disgusting, disrespectful or even threatening. Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness, health and medicine, as well as to personal and professional care practices related to most aspects of living. In medicine and in home (domestic) and everyday life settings, hygiene practices are employed as preventative measures to reduce the incidence and spreading of disease. In the manufacture of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products, good hygiene is a key part of quality assurance i.e. ensuring that the product complies with microbial specifications appropriate to its use. The terms cleanliness (or cleaning) and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general, hygiene mostly means practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Since cleaning processes (e.g., hand washing) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, they are often the means to achieve hygiene. Other uses of the term appear in phrases including: body hygiene, personal hygiene, sleep hygiene, mental hygiene, dental hygiene, and occupational hygiene, used in connection with public health. Hygiene is also the name of a branch of science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health, also called hygienic. Hygiene practices vary widely, and what is considered acceptable in one culture might not be acceptable in another. Home and everyday life hygiene Home hygiene pertains to the hygiene practices that prevent or minimize disease and the spreading of disease in home (domestic) and in everyday life settings such as social settings, public transport, the work place, public places etc. Hygiene in home and everyday life settings plays an important part in preventing spread of infectious diseases. It includes procedures used in a variety of domestic situations such as hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, food and water hygiene, general home hygiene, care of domestic animals, and home healthcare. Hand Hygiene Hand hygiene is defined as hand washing or washing hands and nails with soap and water or using a waterless hand sanitizer. Hand hygiene is central to preventing spread of infectious diseases in home and everyday life settings. Respiratory Hygiene Correct respiratory and hand hygiene when coughing and sneezing reduces the spread of germs particularly during the cold and flu season. Carry tissues and use them to catch coughs and sneezes Dispose of tissues as soon as possible. Clean your hands by hand washing or using an alcohol hand sanitizer. Food Hygiene At Home Food hygiene is concerned with the hygiene practices that prevent food poisoning. The five key principles of food hygiene, are; Prevent contaminating food with mixing chemicals, spreading from people, and animals . Separate raw and cooked foods to prevent contaminating the cooked foods. Cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate temperature to kill pathogens. Store food at the proper temperature. Use safe water and raw materials Hygiene In The Kitchen, Bathroom And Toilet Routine cleaning of (hand, food, & drinking water) sites and surfaces (such as toilet seats and flush handles, door and tap handles, work surfaces, bath and basin surfaces) in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet reduces the risk of spread of germs. The infection risk from flush toilets is not high, provided they are properly maintained, although some splashing and aerosol formation can occur during flushing, particularly where someone in the family has diarrhea. Germs can survive in the scum or scale left behind on baths and wash basins after washing and bathing. Laundry Hygiene Laundry hygiene pertains to the practices that prevent or minimize disease and the spreading of disease via soiled clothing and household linens such as towels. Items most likely to be contaminated with pathogens are those that come into direct contact with the body, e.g., underwear, personal towels, facecloths, nappies. Cloths or other fabric items used during food preparation, or for cleaning the toilet or cleaning up material such as faces or vomit are a particular risk. Body Hygiene Personal hygiene involves those practices performed by an individual to care for one's bodily health and well being, through cleanliness. Motivations for personal hygiene practice include reduction of personal illness, healing from personal illness, optimal health and sense of well being, social acceptance and prevention of spread of illness to others. What is considered proper personal hygiene can be cultural-specific and may change over time. In some cultures removal of body hair is considered proper hygiene. Other practices that are generally considered proper hygiene include bathing regularly, washing hands regularly and especially before handling food, washing scalp hair, keeping hair short or removing hair, wearing clean clothing, brushing one's teeth, cutting finger nails, besides other practices. Culinary (Food) Hygiene Culinary hygiene pertains to the practices related to food management and cooking to prevent food contamination, prevent food poisoning and minimize the transmission of disease to other foods, humans or animals. Culinary hygiene practices specify safe ways to handle, store, prepare, serve and eat food. SCOPE OF HEALTH EDUCATION Health Education is the broad area. There is no limitation of Health Education. Health Education can simply dears the every part of human and another living beings health generally there are some scope of the Health Education .  Personal Health – It deals about personal education & problem about health.  Sanitation - it defines about the necessity od sanitation in human life & kinds of sanitation.  Disease – It introduces the many kinds of disease and it's impact & method to safety from it.  Nutritation and narcotics – Nutrition chapter deals and defines the necessary nutriction to human body. Narcotis ia a kinds of drug it is dangerous to our health.  Sefety education and first aid – It denotes the education such helps to safe from accident and makes small treatment.  Human body System – It deals structure & function of all, external organ of human body system of human body etc AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH EDUCATION The aim of imparting health education to children is mainly to help them develop a sound physique and also to acquaint them with the laws of health, Highlighted below are a few of the objectives of health education: (i) To cultivate the desirable health practices and health practices and health habits; (ii) To develop the health attitudes; (iii) To appreciate the health programmes undertaken by the school and community and to improve the school and community and to improve the necessary materials for the execution of that programme; (iv) To develop health consciousness in the school and in the community; (v) To teach pupils the rules for the preservation and development of their physical, mental and emotional health; (vi) To eradicate the diseases through health drive programmes; (vii) To combat the superstitions and prejudices in the community; (viii) To provide a healthful environment for physical and mental growth; (ix) To improve the general conditions of living in the community; (x) To instruct the children and youth so as to conserve and improve their own health; (xi) To influence the parents and other adults through the health-educative programme for better habits and attitudes in children. Principles of Health Education Interest It is a psychological principle that people are unlikely to listen to those things which are not to their interest. Participation It should aim at encouraging people to work actively with health workers and others identifying their own health problems and also in developing solution and plans to work them out. Known to unknown Start where the people are and with what they understand and then proceed to new knowledge Comprehension In Health Education, we must know the level of understanding, education and literacy of people to whom the teaching is directed. Re-enforcement Repetition at interval is extremely useful for understanding all the news. Motivation Every individual has a fundamental desire to learn. Stimulation or awakening of desire of learning called motivation. Communication Health educators must be aware of the various barriers of communication and cultural background of the community. Learning by doing The Chinese proverb “if I hear, I forget. If I see, I remember. If I do, I know” illustrate the importance of learning by doing. CONCLUSION Health education builds students' knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes about health. Health education teaches about physical, mental, emotional and social health. It motivates students to improve and maintain their health, prevent disease, and reduce risky behaviors.