Linajes medievales de Jerez de la Frontera

2010

La dîme, 2010

Un proces des dimes sur les menus grains , entre l' abbaye de Citeaux et les habitants d'Echenon ..

Au XVIe siècle Laredo était un des ports les plus actifs des Quatre Villes de la Côte de la Mer, la façade maritime de l'actuelle Cantabrie au nord de l'Espagne. Cet essor cessa à la fin du siècle lorsque le port larédain plongea dans une crise économique profonde et irréversible. Comment expliquer cette trajectoire ? Le contexte géographique fut un obstacle majeur : la circulation vers l'arrière-pays était difficile à cause de la Cordillère Cantabrique et les infrastructures portuaires étaient particulièrement exposées aux caprices de la mer. Au XVIe siècle les Larédains jouèrent un rôle essentiel dans le transport de la laine de Castille vers les Flandres et dans l'importation de tissus et de marchandises. Laredo était alors une porte d'entrée pour tous ces produits qui étaient par la suite expédiés par les commettants larédains vers les principales places marchandes castillanes. Les connétables de Castille contribuèrent à l'essor de ce trafic. À la fin des années 1560 la rivalité avec l'Angleterre et les révoltes dans les Flandres paralysèrent les échanges commerciaux et l'économie larédaine déclina progressivement. Le XVIe siècle fut aussi pour Laredo le temps des armadas. Le port se transforma en base navale d'où la couronne expédiait soldats, matériel et argent pour ravitailler les troupes qui se battaient en Flandres. Mais à partir de 1572 Laredo cessa de jouer ce rôle au profit de Santander qui était un site plus facile à défendre. La présence de ces flottes fut à l'origine de nombreux conflits avec la population locale, mais l'organisation de ces armadas représenta pour de nombreux Larédains une source de revenus lorsqu'ils approvisionnaient les navires, ou effectuaient des réparations diverses. In the 16th century, Laredo was one of the most active harbours of the Cuatro Villas de la Costa de la Mar, the seabord of the present Cantabria Region in the North of Spain. This growth ceased at the end of the century when the harbour of Laredo plunged into a deep and irreversible economic crisis. How can we explain this reversal/this evolution? The geographical context was a major obstacle: movement of goods and people to the hinterland was difficult due to the Cantabrian mountain range, and the port infrastructures were particularly exposed to the whims of the sea. In the16th century Laredo inhabitants played an important role in the transport of wool from Castile to Flanders and in the import of fabric and goods. At that time, Laredo was a gateway for all these products, which were shipped afterwards to the main Castilian marketplaces. The constables of Castile contributed to the development of this traffic. In the late 1560s the rivalry with England and the rebellions in Flanders curbed this trading activity and the economy of Laredo gradually slumped. The 16th century was also for Laredo the time of the armadas. The harbour transformed into a naval base from which were sent soldiers, equipment and money in order to supply the troops who were fighting in Flanders. But, from 1572, Laredo stopped playing this role in favour of Santander which was an easier site to defend. The presence of the fleet was the cause of several conflicts with local people, but the organization of those armadas was for several people of Laredo a source of income when they supplied ships or when they made different repairs.

C. Alix; L. Gaugain; A. Salamagne (dirs.), Caves et celliers dans l'Europe médiévale et moderne, 2019

Sànchez-Boira, Imma; Bolòs, Jordi (2019). "Les celliers de la ville de Lleida (Catalogne) aux XIVe-XVIe siècles". C. Alix; L. Gaugain; A. Salamagne (dirs.), Caves et celliers dans l'Europe médiévale et moderne. Tours: Presses Universitaires François-Rabelais, ps. 325-338. ISBN: 978-2-86906-714-1

Perspective, 2009-2, 2009

Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 1996

Evolutionary Psychiatry: Current Perspectives on Evolution and Mental Health - Book edited by Riadh Abed & Paul St John-Smith (Published by Cambridge University Press), 2022

In Western culture, both the lay public and mental health professionals tend to believe that mothers evolved to love all of their children instinctually and unconditionally. In contrast, any mother who feels ambivalence or hostility towards her child is typically seen as unnatural, and a mother who maltreats her child is seen as behaving pathologically. This chapter draws on evolutionary research to challenge this widespread view of motherhood. In particular, it describes how raising children has required mothers to negotiate a series of complex, precarious and layered trade-offs, and it argues that maternal negativity and child maltreatment can arise from this. The goal of this chapter is to foster a more evolutionarily valid, nuanced and compassionate understanding of motherhood. Such an understanding has the potential to contribute to clinical work with faltering mothers and also to programmes focused on preventing maternal maltreatment of children.

Sumário: 1. Sobre Aristóteles. 2. Ainda em Aristóteles: sobre a retórica. 3. A retórica no mundo grego. Origem e perpetuação no discurso jurídico. 4. Os caminhos da retórica até o século XIX. 5. O século XX e o advento da nova retórica com Perelman. 6. Considerações Finais. 7. Referências.