Maritime Archaeology (special section) - SAS Bulletin 39.3-4

Fall/Winter 2016 Volume 39 Number 3/4 A MESSAGE FROM THE EDITOR Happy New Year to All of You!! With the start of a New Year, we often reflect on the events of the past year and look to the future and potential of the New Year. Change often is a major part of how we reflect on the good and the bad of the past, present and future. A change from something comfortable and familiar to something new and unknown (e.g., the transition from President Obama to President-Elect Trump) can be very unsettling and may even cause concern among some. The Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS) also has gone through some recent changes and more are likely for the future. The torch of leadership has been smoothly passed from former President Marc Walton to current President Rachel Popelka-Filcoff. Likewise a few other positions within the SAS Executive Board and the SAS Bulletin also have changed, including the SAS Bulletin Editor. As the new SAS Bulletin Editor, I want to start by thanking Vanessa Muros for her wonderful work as SAS Bulletin Editor since Summer 2013. Kudos to you and thank you so much for your time and efforts, Vanessa! I assumed the role of Editor starting this past May, and almost immediately my life changed in many ways. I packed all my belongings, which were shipped off and placed in storage in southern California for 3 months, while my wife, my 9-month old daughter and I travelled all over the world and lived out of suitcases in remote locations for 3 months. Upon the traveling ending, I immediately had to find a place to live across the country, locate and unpack all of our belongings and start a new job within 2 weeks. The work load was unexpectedly IN THIS ISSUE A Message from the Editor (T. Fenn) Maritime Archaeology (N. Ciarlo) Archaeological Ceramics (C.C. Kolb) Archaeometallurgy (T. Fenn) Obituary Upcoming Conferences 1 2 8 18 26 27 high and finding that balance in life took me a few months. Needless to say 2016 for me and my family was filled with many change and shifts from the comfortable and familiar to the new and unknown. So, this in part is my apology and excuse for the delay in getting out Issues 3 and 4 of the 2016 SAS Bulletin. As a result, I am sending out the final issue of 2016 as an enlarged and combined issue Nos. 3/4 of Volume 39. In 2017 the normal 4 issues will be back on track with only minor delays in Issue 1 of the New Year. Again, I apologize and thank you for your patience in allowing me these transitions. Changes can be fast and furious or slow and tortuous, but they do not always need to be bad or sad (e.g., the loss of David Bowie). In fact, some changes can be very good things, and help to provide new and exciting opportunities and paths to the future. This is absolutely the case with the SAS Bulletin. We have followed a tried and true formula for the Bulletin for many years, and long before my days of contributing, the Bulletin had always been something I looked forward to receiving in the mail. Eventually, changes were made and new issues of the Bulletin were available as both printed issues and PDF files for download by members, while some of the old issues also were prepared as PDF files for download. This routine again changed where members could opt to receive either printed or electronic issues of the Bulletin, and many chose the PDF only option as many of us already are overwhelmed by receiving printed materials, and the electronic editions made our lives simpler, transportable and more manageable. Well, we are again at the crux of potential change with the SAS Bulletin and you, the members, will help us to shape these changes and the future vision of the Bulletin. These changes could include shifting to a four-times-peryear online format for the Bulletin (which could be downloadable as a PDF), and print-on-demand options for those who still want the traditional printed version. Access to these issues will still be restricted on an annual basis to allow members to have the first access to view and/or download, before the general public has access. Likewise, some aspects of contributions to the Bulletin are time sensitive, and it makes more sense to shift these PAGE 2 SAS BULLETIN components to online formats where the membership can have quicker more timely access. The shift to online formats and access also will allow for increased color figures and graphics, which are not economically viable in the current price structure for the Bulletin. There are other potential future changes in the works for the SAS Bulletin, both in its presentation and format, as well as in its content, and I hope you all will be excited about the changes in vision and direction expected in the coming months and years. So, while the future may be uncertain, it does not have to be frightening and I hope you will all see some new and wonderful changes in the SAS Bulletin in 2017 and beyond. Have a happy, healthy and productive 2017!! Thomas R. Fenn SAS Bulletin Editor MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY Nicolás Ciarlo, Associate Editor 39(3/4) microstructure but the use of a range of diffraction techniques to determine the crystallographic texture of copper bolts can identify the methods by which they were produced and to connect them with a particular manufacturer even when (as is usual) there are no works stamps on the bolts. For example, the process patented by William Collins in 1783 for drawing rather than rolling bolts produces a very recognizable texture and these results have now been published. Parallel documentary research is focused on Admiralty records and the business archive of William Forbes. This last is very detailed and covers aspects from the operation of his rolling mill to the organization of the naval supply chain. It is possible to link Admiralty orders with the ledgers itemizing material leaving the works and for what ships. For a wreck like Impregnable excavated bolts can be matched with a very complete paper trail. Peter Northover Metallurgy and Archaeology, October House, Stonehill Lane, Southmoor, Abingdon, Oxfordshire [email protected] This section contains two notes about ongoing investigations in maritime archaeology. The first deals with the determination of manufacturing methods for copper bolts from early Modern British warships, by means of crystallographic analysis (P. Northover), while the second is focused on the application of geophysics for modeling a 3D image of a First World War’ wreck (J. Russo & A. Alves Salgado). Besides, an account on recent papers, books, thesis, previous conferences, and future courses, is presented. Creating an analogical 3D model of a Great War loss from a multibeam record On March 31, 1917, the German submarine U-35 left the base of Kattaro (Montenegro), heading to the south of Portugal. On April 24, she sunk one Danish and two Norwegian steamers, and an Italian sailing vessel, off Sagres and Lagos, Portugal. Since 2014, CINAV – Portuguese Research Centre, has been studying this Great War episode, both from the historical and archaeological perspectives. Current Research Ships’ sheathing and fastenings Building on the characterization of copper and brass bolts and sheathing from three shipwrecks (HMS Impregnable lost in 1799), HMS Pomone (1811) and Flower of Ugie (1852) a multi-faceted program of research has been developed. The first part continues the metallurgical study of copper and copper alloy components from wooden ships. A database has been assembled of all available compositions from around the world which is helping construct a robust chronology, and to assist in reassessing ships already studied, confirming the identity of wrecks or in helping identify unknown wrecks. Problems still remain with the analysis of brass because with alloys like Muntz metal part of the structure always corrodes very quickly and a method of determining the original alloy content is still being developed. One of the sunken Norwegian steamers was the 3.715 tons SS Vilhelm Krag, where different methods of wreck recording were tested, including the classical multibeam geophysics. Based on the data acquired, the feasibility of an analogical 3D model of the wreck and its value as an archaeological resource were tested. For the crucial period for British ships between, say, 1775 and 1825 the copper is rather uniform in composition and The archaeological recording by geophysics ―multibeam in this case― provides researchers with a very useful tool to interpret a wreck. To brief, debrief and allocate diverse tasks, a tridimensional analogical tool is sometimes preferred over a digital one. This is of critical importance when it comes to efficiency and safety. Bearing this in mind, the team searched for methods to produce an analogical 3D model of the SS Vilhelm Krag, in the most automatic, quick and reliable way possible. To achieve this goal, data acquired both from archaeographic and geophysical records was crucial. A considerable amount of reliable x, y and z data was FALL/WINTER 2016 SAS BULLETIN obtained by geophysics (Figure 1.a). From this point onwards, a quest for ways to transform digital tridimensional information in analogical data began. The idea was suggested by a mechanical engineer, Ricardo Rodrigues, while the printable file (see below) was elaborated by the project boat skipper, Tiago Dores. The process consists in using software. This is indeed very simple, but works well nonetheless. For instance, with the open source MeshLab, used for processing and editing unconstructed 3D triangular meshes (http://meshlab.sourceforge.net/), the multibeam x, y and z data was transformed in a .stl file, which can be loaded to any 3D printing software. The .stl file was printed, thus completing the first step toward an analogical 3D model. Afterwards, details missed during the impression, such as rocks, were added. The result was then undercoated and hand painted, simulating rust and concretion, as well as marine animal and plant colonization (Figure 1.b). Figure 1. (a) A multibeam image of the site SS Vilhelm Krag; (b) A 3D image, after digital processing and editing. By making the best of an existing pack of data recorded by multibeam, which optimized and maximized the technical means applied, it was possible to produce a very useful analogical 3D model of the wreck of the SS Vilhelm Krag from a digital 2D record. Thanks to the resulting model, the research staff was able to plan in advance the dives and tasks to perform, as well as analyze PAGE 3 their efficiency. This made possible a better and safer archaeological practice, providing a method and resource which is very valuable for research. Jorge Russo * Augusto Alves Salgado * CINAV – Portuguese Navy Research Centre [email protected] Recent Publications International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. From IJNA 2016, Vol. 45, No. 1: “Discovery of Iron Grapnel Anchors in Early Modern Ryukyu and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Okinawa, Japan” (R. Ono et al.); and “Archaeological Assessment of Second World War Anti-Torpedo Close Protection Pontoons in Scapa Flow, Orkney” (A. Christie et al.). Journal of Archaeological Sciences. From JAS 2016 (up to June), Vol. 65: “Fishing with lure hooks at the Late Neolithic site of Vinča – Belo Brdo, Serbia” (E. Cristiani et al.); Vol. 66: “Detection of shipwrecks in ocean colour satellite imagery” (M. Baeye et al.); Vol. 67: “Tin ingots from a probable Bronze Age shipwreck off the coast of Salcombe, Devon: Composition and microstructure” (Q. Wang et al.); and Vol. 70: “Distinguishing offshore bird hunting from beach scavenging in archaeological contexts: The value of modern beach surveys” (K. M. Bovy et al.); and “Testing the endurance of prehistoric adornments: Raw materials from the aquatic environment” (M. Mărgărit). Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports. From JAS: Reports 2016 (up to June), Vol. 5: “The nutritional value of Pacific herring: An ancient cultural keystone species on the Northwest Coast of North America” (M. L. Moss); “Extended residence times for foraminifera in a marineinfluenced terrestrial archaeological deposit and implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction” (T. Nagel et al.); “The archeology, sedimentology and paleontology of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby hard bottom reefs along the mid continental shelf of the Georgia Bight” (E. G. Garrison et al.); “Craft production of large quantities of metal artifacts at the beginnings of industrialization: Application of SEM–EDS and multivariate analysis on sheathing tacks from a British transport sunk in 1813” (N. C. Ciarlo et al.); “Evolution of Taman Peninsula’s ancient Bosphorus channels, south-west Russia: Deltaic progradation and Greek colonization” (M. Giaime et al.); “Wind and wave modelling for the evaluation of the maritime accessibility and protection afforded by ancient harbours” (C. Safadi); and “A study on provenance of marine porcelains from Huaguangjiao No. 1 after sample desalination” (Y. Chen et al.); Vol. 6: “Prey selection, size, and breakage PAGE 4 SAS BULLETIN differences in Turbo undulatus opercula found within Pacific Gull (Larus pacificus) middens compared to Aboriginal middens and natural beach deposits, southeast Australia” (J. Sherwood et al.); “Windward vs. leeward: Inter-site variation in marine resource exploitation on Ebon Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands” (M. Harris et al.); “Refining the chronology for west polynesian colonization: New data from the Samoan archipelago” (J. T. Clark et al.); “Scanning the H. L. Hunley: Employing a structured-light scanning system in the archaeological documentation of a unique maritime artifact” (M. P. Scafuri & B. Rennison); and “Identifying prehistoric trade networks in the Massim region, Papua New Guinea: Evidence from petrographic and chemical compositional pottery analyses from Rossel and Nimowa Islands in the Louisiade Archipelago” (B. Shaw et al.). Furthermore, this volume contains a special section entitled Aquatic resource exploitation by prehistoric humans, that includes a series of articles focused on human management of different resources associated to aquatic environments (e.g. fish, shellfish, and birds), as well as on the relevance of isotopic evidence and other sources of data to evaluate the consumption of marine and freshwater animals in island and coastal scenarios. Finally, from Vol. 7: “Geoarchaeological evolution of Tel Akko’s ancient harbour (Israel)” (C. Morhange et al.); “Dendrochronological dating of kauri timbers from Browne’s spar station (1832–1836), Mahurangi, Auckland, New Zealand” (G. Boswijk et al.); “A ‘North Atlantic island signature’ of timber exploitation: Evidence from wooden artefact assemblages from Viking Age and Medieval Iceland” (D. E. Mooney); “The environmental context of the Neolithic monuments on the Brodgar Isthmus, Mainland, Orkney” (C. R. Bates et al.); and “Indicator groups and effective seasons on the coast: Zooarchaeology of fish in the lower Suwannee region of Florida” (A. Palmiotto). Quaternary International. From Vol. 391: “Maritime fishing during the Middle Holocene in the hyperarid coast of the Atacama Desert” (S. Rebolledo et al.); Vol. 401: “Upper Holocene sea level changes in the West Saronic Gulf, Greece” (E. Kolaiti & N. D. Mourtzas); “Vertical land movements and sea level changes along the coast of Crete (Greece) since Late Holocene” (N. Mourtzas et al.); and “New insights on the subsidence of Lipari island (Aeolian islands, southern Italy) from the submerged Roman age pier at Marina Lunga” (M. Anzidei et al); Vol. 405 (Part B): “Variation in regional diet and mandibular morphology in prehistoric Japanese hunter– gatherer–fishers” (K. C. Hoovera & F. L’Engle Williams); and Vol. 407 (Part A): “Sedimentological evidence of an assumed ancient anchorage in the hinterland of a Phoenician settlement estuary/SW-Spain)” (T. Klein et al.). 39(3/4) (Guadiana Several articles published in the first half of 2016 comprehend archaeometric results that could be useful for maritime archaeologists: Applied Physics A, Vol. 122, No. 4: “Texture analysis of Napoleonic War Era copper bolts” (F. Malamud et al.); Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (available online): “Scattered shipwreck site prospection: the combined use of numerical modeling and documentary research (Fougueux, 1805)” (T. Fernández-Montblanc et al.); Archaeological Research in Asia, Vol. 6: “Glass bead trade in the Early Roman and Mamluk Quseir ports − A view from the Oriental Institute Museum assemblage” (J. Then-Obłuskaa & L. Dussubieux); Archaeometry, Vol. 58, No. 3: “A Box Containing Carpenter’s Accessories from The Akko 1 Shipwreck, Israel: Archaeometallurgical Analysis of Surviving Ironwork” (D. Cvikel et al.); Comptes Rendus Palevol, Vol. 15, No. 5: “Perforation techniques and traces of use on the Mesolithic adornments of the Trench Area at Cabeço da Amoreira Shellmidden (Muge, central Portugal)” (L. André & N. Bicho); Corrosion Science (available online): “Brass–iron couple and brass–iron–wood ternary system of metal objects from the Akko 1 shipwreck (Israel)” (D. Ashkenazi et al); Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Vol. 3, No. 1: “3D reconstruction of marble shipwreck cargoes based on underwater multi-image photogrammetry” (C. Balletti et al.); Geoarchaeology, Vol. 31, No. 3: “Emergence of Civilization, Changes in Fluvio-Deltaic Style, and Nutrient Redistribution Forced by Holocene Sea-Level Rise” (B. T. Pennington et al.); and “A Geoarchaeological Survey of the Marine Extension of the Roman Archaeological Site Villa del Pezzolo, Vico Equense, on the Sorrento Peninsula, Italy” (P. Aucelli et al.); International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol. 107: “The effects of wood anisotropy on the mode of attack by the woodborer Teredo navalis and the implications for underwater cultural heritage” (A. M. Eriksen et al.); and Vol. 108: “Impact and colonization dynamics of the bivalve Rocellaria dubia on limestone experimental panels in the submerged Roman city of Baiae (Naples, Italy)” (E. Casoli et al.); ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 114: “A structured light method for underwater surface reconstruction” (A. Sarafraza & B. K. Haus); Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol. 17: “A thermophysical study on the freeze drying of wooden archaeological artifacts” (Z. Shaozhi et al.); and Vol. 18: “Strontium carbonate nanoparticles for the surface treatment of problematic sulfur and iron in waterlogged archaeological wood” (E. J. Schofield et al.); Journal of Human Evolution, Vol. FALL/WINTER 2016 SAS BULLETIN 92: “Return rates from intertidal foraging from Blombos Cave to Pinnacle Point: Understanding early human economies” (J. C. De Vynck et al.); and Vol. 93: “Earliest evidence of personal ornaments associated with burial: The Conus shells from Border Cave” (F. d’Errico & L. Backwell); L’Anthropologie, Vol. 120, No. 2: “Les environnements du Vanuatu de l’Holocène à nos jours: un état des lieux des connaissances” (C. Combettes); Marine Geology, Vol. 371: “Quantification of bottom trawl fishing damage to ancient shipwreck sites” (M. L. Brennan et al.); Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, Vol.5, No. 1: “The Dor 2002/2 Shipwreck, Israel: Characterization of Surviving Ironwork” (D. Cvikel & D. Ashkenazi); Microchemical Journal, Vol. 126: “Analytical study of waterlogged ivory from the Bajo de la campana site (Murcia, Spain)” (M. T. Doménech-Carbó et al.); Ocean Engineering, Vol. 114: “Stabilizing control and human scale simulation of a submarine ROV navigation” (A. Khadhraoui et al.); Periodico di Mineralogia, Vol. 85, No. 1: “Archaeometric characterization of Roman volcanic millstones from Messina territory (Sicily, Italy)” (M. Di Bella et al.); Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, Vol. 82, No. 3: “Characterizing a Debris Field Using Digital Mosaicking and CAD Model Superimposition from Underwater Video” (J. M. Vincelli et al.); Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 136: “Realising consilience: How better communication between archaeologists, historians and natural scientists can transform the study of past climate change in the Mediterranean” (A. Izdebski et al.); and The Bulletin of the Australasian Institute of Maritime Archaeology, Vol. 39 (for 2015): “Understanding the interactive nature of in-situ processes for management of submerged cultural heritage material” (T. Winton). British Archaeological Reports (BAR). The following book published early on 2016 by Archaeopress is of particular interest: Water as a morphogen in landscapes/L’eau comme morphogène dans les paysages (S. Robert & B. Sittler, eds.), BAR No. 232, viii + 104 pages; illustrated throughout in black and white, ISBN 9781784912871. This book includes eight communications of the XVII UISPP World Congress, which was held on 1st to 7th September 2014 in Burgos, Spain. These presentations shed light on the relationship between inhabitants of different periods and places from Prehistory to recent times, and their surrounding environment. The common denominator of these papers is a focus on the role played by water bodies ―mostly rivers― in people’s settlement, circulation across the territory, management of resources, and landscape construction, among the main themes. PAGE 5 Thesis Early on 2016, the Ph.D. Dissertation “Innovación tecnológica y conflicto naval en Europa Occidental, 1751-1815: aportes arqueológicos e históricos al conocimiento de la metalurgia y sus aplicaciones en los barcos de guerra”, was presented by Nicolás C. Ciarlo at the School of Philosophy and Letters, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This thesis deals with the analysis of technological innovations and conflict of naval powers from mid-18th to early 19th century, with focus on the applications of metallurgy to warships. An array of metal artifacts from British, French and Spanish shipwrecks from this period was characterized. Ships of different rates (and unrated) were considered, and special attention was paid to objects related to structural fastenings, sheathing, nautical equipment, and ordnance for specific analysis. The application of different instrumental techniques such as Light Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Optical Emission Spectroscopy, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, allowed identifying the materials and methods of manufacture employed. Based on this technical data and the information recovered from historical sources and other well studied archaeological sites, changes in metallurgy and warships of the main European navies were analyzed. A discussion concerning technological transfer, the place of empirical techniques and scientific knowledge, as well as the implications that war between the mentioned states had on developments, allow shedding light on the dynamic of the innovation process during early Modern period. Previous Meetings and Conferences 49th Annual Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology. A Call to Action: The Past and Future of Historical Archaeology. This meeting was held from 6th to 9th January 2016, at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington, D.C. The following presentations dealt with the application of geophysical methods for archaeological survey, the use of digital techniques for recording wrecks and artifacts, as well as the analysis of samples from ships and prehistoric sites: “Using Mobile Sonar and 3D Animated Web Modeling for Public Outreach and Management of Historic Shipwrecks in Lake Michigan” (K. Kaufmann); “Initial Deepwater Archaeological Survey and Assessment of the Atomic Target Vessel US Independence (CVL22)” (J. P. Delgado et al.); “Recent Analyses of the Faunal Assemblage from the Submerged Cave Site of Hoyo Negro: Implications for Late Pleistocene Human Ecology Research on the Yucatan Peninsula” (D. Rissolo et al.); “Multiscale Image Acquisition for Structure-from-Motion (SfM) Modeling of the Submerged Late Pleistocene Site of Hoyo Negro, Quintana, Mexico” (A. E. Nava Blank et al.); “The Case PAGE 6 SAS BULLETIN of Patrão Lopes Military Ship: The Bio-Sedimentation as Monitor Element of Underwater Archaeological Sites of Cascais Sea, Portugal” (J. Freire et al.); “Bed Load: An Archaeological Investigation of the Sediment Matrix at the H.L. Hunley Site” (H. Brown); “Can A Picture Save A Thousand Ships?: Using 3D Photogrammetry to Streamline Maritime Archaeological Recordation and Modeling” (C. P. Morris); “The Egadi 10 Warship: From Excavation to Exhibition” (M. Polakowski); “3D Digitization of Archaeological Artifacts in Conservation” (C. Dostal); “Reconstruction of the Pillar Dollar Wreck, Biscayne National Park, Florida” (W. L. Fleming); “ROV-Based 3D Modeling Efforts on a Submerged WWII Aircraft for Museum Display” (M. LickliterMundon & B. Buxton); “Legacies of an Old Design: Reconstructing Rapid’s Lines Using 3D Modeling Software” (I. Mollema & J. F. McKinnon); “Shelburne Shipyard Steamboat Graveyard: Results of the 2015 Field Season Using Traditional and New Recording Techniques” (C. Kennedy); “Photogrammetric Recording of 19th Century Lake Champlain Steamboats: Shelburne Shipyard Steamboat Graveyard 2015” (K. Yamafune & D. Bishop); “Analyzing Nineteenth-Century Steamboat Rudders on Lake Champlain: Using Photogrammetric Modeling to Aid the Archaeological Process” (D. Bishop & K. Yamafune); “Mechanical Scanning Sonar: 21st Century Documentation of 19th Century Shipwrecks” (C. Sabick); “Efficient and Effective in situ Heritage Management: Using 3D Photomodels to Document and Assess a Site’s condition” (K. Yamafune et al.); “Hidden in Plain Sight: Monitoring Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Waters of St. Augustine, Florida” (P. B. Burke); “HighResolution 2D and 3D Imaging of the USS Macon Wreck Site” (M. L. Brennan et al.); “Forensic Archaeological Investigation and Recovery of Underwater U.S. Naval Aircraft Wreck Sites: Two Case Studies from Palau and Papua New Guinea” (R. K. Wills & A. T. Piertruszka); “Deconcreting the Hunley: Revealing the Surface of the Submarine for the First Time” (P. Mardikian); “The Hunley Revealed: 3D Documentation, Deconcretion, and Recent Developments in the Investigation of the H.L. Hunley Submarine” (M. P. Scafuri); “Corrosion Monitoring and Preservation in Situ of Large Iron Artifacts at the Queen Anne’s Revenge Shipwreck site” (S. Watkins-Kenney); “USCS Paddle Steamer Robert J. Walker, 1847-1860: Historical and Archaeological Research, Diver and Fisher Knowledge, and the Remote Sensing Search” (J. H. Steinmetz); “Modeling Change: Quantifying Great Lakes Metal Shipwreck Degradation Using Structure from Motion 3D Imaging” (C. N. Zant); “Life Among the Wind and Waves: Examining Living Conditions on Sailing Vessels Through the Use of Microscopic Remains” (J. D. Shidner); “Recognizing Geomagnetic Storms in Marine Magnetometer Data: 39(3/4) Toward Improved Archaeological Resource Identification Practices” (B. M. Carrier et al.); and “Directions in Deepwater Marine Archaeology: Using Technology to Grow and Synthesize Knowledge on the Deep Frontier” (E. Swanson et al.). 44th Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology Conference (CAA 2016). Exploring Oceans of Data. This meeting was held from March 29th to April 2nd 2016, at the Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway. The conference was attended by scholars, specialists and experts in the field of computing technologies applied to archaeology, and addressed a multitude of topics. The presentations were focused on the exploration the oceans of digital information available from a plethora of archaeological sites. Regarding maritime heritage, the following case studies from all over the world are worth mentioning: from Session No. 3, “Modeling prehistoric maritime interactions in East Polynesia” (M. Allen et al.); “Reconstructing and modelling the Stone Age landscape in Southeastern Norway” (G. Steinskog); “Uncovering routes to Grenada: Exploring possible routes between mainland South America and the Southern Lesser Antilles” (E. Slayton et al.); “Looking for the lost harbor. Role of non-invasive archaeological methods in the reconstruction of the seascape of an ancient city Paphos” (P. Ćwiąkała et al.); “Simulating Pre-Hispanic canoe navigation in Lake Cocibolca, Nicaragua” (A. K. Benfer); “Evocative virtual exploration of underwater sites: Issues and approaches” (M. Ritondale et al.); “A space and time analysis of the Early Bronze Age Levantine Littoral” (C. Safadi); “Exploitation of prevailing winds and currents by the earliest known seafarers, reaching and colonizing Australasia c 50 000 years ago” (E. K. Kuijjer et al.); “Using GIS modeling to reconstruct the urban landscape of the Roman city of Ossonoba” (C. S. Machado Teixeira et al.); and “The first web based viewer for archaeological underwater sites in Europe: The Splashcos―Viewer” (M. Mennenga & H. Jöns); from Session No. 6, “3D Reconstruction of Koch, Russian rowing/sailing boat of the 17th century” (M. V. Vavulin et al.); from Session No. 7, “Creation of an Early 19th century Siberian ship 3D model” (A. A. Pushkarev et al.); and “Underwater archaeological remains open to the public diving – close range photogrammetry as a digital preservation and complex documentations of despairing relicts” (A. M. Kubicka); from Session No. 11, “Best practices to re-use remote sensing data coming from marine geophysical surveys for the 3D reconstruction of underwater archaeological deep-sites” (M. Ritondale et al.); from Session No. 13, “Liquid footprints: Water, urbanism, and sustainability in Roman Ostia” (M. A. Locicero); and from Session No. 15, “From the largest to the smallest: FALL/WINTER 2016 SAS BULLETIN The use of the latest technology in digitalization of the objects from the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk” (P. Dziewanowski & J. Różycki). Society for American Archaeology 81st Annual Meeting. This event was held from 6th to 10th April 2016, at Orlando, Florida. Among the numerous presentations on the archaeology of maritime cultures, the following can be highlighted: “Deepwater Shipwrecks and Oil Spill Impacts: A Multidisciplinary Investigation of Shipwreck Impacts from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill” (D. Warren et al.); “Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck Corrosion, Hydrocarbon Exposure, Microbiology, and Archaeology (GOM-SCHEMA) Project: Did the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Impact Historic Shipwrecks?” (M. Damour et al.); and “From Excavation to the Laboratory: A Multi-faceted Analysis of the Emanuel Point Shipwrecks” (J. Bratten). See the final program at: www.saa.org/Portals/0/SAA/MEETINGS/2016%20Progr am/Program_final.pdf Courses and Seminars Advanced Practicum in Maritime Archaeology. Flinders University will host a field school practicum between 21st and 26th November 2016. It will focus on marine geophysics and 3D modeling in Archaeology, providing students with opportunities to participate in a professional work environment. This course will be taught in intensive mode during one week (6 days) and will focus on the principles, theory and method of marine geophysics for archaeology. It will also include a 2-day workshop on the application of 3D modeling to maritime archaeology. One day will be spent in the field, to acquire data, while another will be devoted to the interpretation and reporting. Theory and taught coursework will cover an introduction to sidescan, marine magnetometer, subbottom and multi-beam. Field data will be gathered and interpreted using sidescan data only. If you need further information about the course please contact Dr Jonathan Benjamin to [email protected] 3D Workshop in underwater archaeology. A workshop on 3D Multi-image Photogrammetry will be taught by specialists Mr Kevin Edwards (Tempus Archaeology & Western Australian Museum, Perth & Flinders University, Adelaide) and Dr Kotaro Yamafune (Texas A&M University, Texas) during 26th & 27th November 2016. This two day course will precede the opening of the Sixth International Congress on Underwater Archaeology (IKUWA6), which will be hosted by the Western Australian Maritime Museum in Fremantle, Western Australia, between 28th November and 2nd December. PAGE 7 For more information about the IKUWA6 and the course, see: www.aima-underwater.org.au/about-ikuwa6/ Figure 2. The INA new research vessel: Virazon II. Miscellanea INA new research vessel: Virazon II. On May 4, The Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) christened a brand-new custom-built archaeological research vessel in Istanbul, Turkey (Figure 2). The 25 m-long Virazon II was designed by NAVTEK naval architecture firm and built in the MengiYay shipyard in Tuzla, Turkey. She is powered by twin 405-hp engines, three 108-kw generators, and a 54-kw bow thruster. She can accommodate 19 researchers and crew, including two guests in a VIP cabin with en-suite bathroom. Virazon II is designed to support underwater surveys and shipwreck excavations around the world, being equipped with a 5ton A-frame for lifting INA’s two-person submersible Carolyn, a 500-kg deck crane, two hull-mounted sonar units, a two-person recompression chamber, and 8 highand low-pressure air compressors for airlifting and tankfilling with Nitrox capability. Virazon II is the first ship in Turkey to be built and classed by RINA as an archaeological research vessel; her construction was made possible by a donation honoring the lifelong contributions of INA Director and underwater pioneer Claude Duthuit (1931-2011). She is named after INA’s first research vessel, the 1953 U.S. Army T-Boat Virazon. INA has been affiliated with the graduate Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas A&M University for four decades. INA owns and operates a research center in Bodrum, Turkey and works closely with the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, where thousands of artifacts from five decades of INA shipwreck excavations are on public display. Following sea trials this summer, Virazon II will relocate to her permanent berth in Yalıkavak Marina outside of Bodrum before serving in her first Turkish shipwreck survey this fall. PAGE 8 SAS BULLETIN For further information about the INA’s Bodrum Research Center, please contact Dr Deborah Carlson to [email protected] ARCHAEOLOGICAL CERAMICS Charles C. Kolb, Associate Editor This issue contains three topics: 1) Book Reviews on Ceramics; 2) Previous Professional Meetings; and Ceramics in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. Book Reviews on Ceramics Ceramics, Cuisine and Culture: The Archaeology and Science of Kitchen Pottery in the Ancient Mediterranean World, edited by Michela Spataro and Alexandra Villing, Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2015. Vii + 278 pp., illustrations, index. ISBN: 9781782979470, $75.00 / £50.00 (hardbound); ISBN: 9781782979487 $2.99 (Kindle digital). Print copies are available from a variety of sources starting at US $45.00. Michela Spataro is the scientist for ceramics and stone in the British Museum’s Department of Conservation and Scientific Research and is a member of the faculty at University College London in Italian Pre- and Protohistory. Before joining the Museum in 2007, she was a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellow at University College London Institute of Archaeology, studying the early Neolithic Starčevo-Criş Culture in Romania, Serbia and Croatia, which produced the earliest pottery in continental Europe. This project was linked to her Ph.D. research, also at UCL Institute of Archaeology, on early and middle Neolithic pottery production and circulation in the Adriatic region (Italy and Croatia). She has been conducting natural science research on ceramics at the British Museum since 2007. Her research interests are directed to the Neolithic in Southern and Southeastern Europe with a focus on the technology of ceramic production and origin of raw materials. She participates in a project team of the National Institute of Archaeology with Museum. Spataro is responsible for scientific analyses of clay and stone artefacts in the Museum collection. She uses optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy to identify raw material sources and the technological processes used to produce these artifacts. She is particularly interested in the provenance of ceramic raw materials (clays and mineral inclusions) which can indicate where a pot was manufactured, and therefore shed light on patterns of pottery production and trade in the past. She has also worked on porcelain, clay tablets, mosaic tesserae, stoneware, marble and sandstone, and collaborates with conservators to assess 39(3/4) changes in the condition of marble or limestone statues. Classical archaeologist Alexandra Villing is concerned mainly with ancient Greece and its culture. She is the Curator of Greek pottery and terracotta figurines at the British Museum’s Department of Greece and Rome, and joined the British Museum in 2001 after having studied at Oxford and worked in Germany and Greece. She was the academic advisor for the British Museum’s Ancient Greece website, co-curated a cross-cultural, cross-period exhibition on Fantastic Creatures (shown in Korea and Hong Kong), and has long been involved in excavations in Turkey, at ancient Miletos and Knidos. Her most recent work includes research with Michela Spataro on the social and technological aspects of Greek ‘coarse ware’ pottery. Villing is currently preparing publications on Archaic pottery from Miletos and on Greek-Egyptian relations at Naukratis, a Greek-Egyptian trading city in the Nile Delta. The 23 papers presented in this monograph derive from a conference which had the same title as this volume that was held at the British Museum in London in December 2010. These contributions are the products of the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas and approaches to the study of kitchen pottery between archaeologists, material scientists, historians and ethnoarchaeologists. They aim to set a vital but long-neglected category of evidence in its wider social, political and economic contexts. Structured around main themes concerning technical aspects of pottery production; cooking as socio-economic practice; and changing tastes, culinary identities and cross-cultural encounters, a range of social economic and technological models are discussed on the basis of insights gained from the study of kitchen pottery production, use and evolution. Much discussion and work in the last decade has focused on technical and social aspects of coarse ware and in particular kitchen ware. The chapters in this volume contribute to this debate, moving kitchen pottery beyond the Binfordian ‘technomic’ category and embracing a wider view, linking processualism, ceramic ecology, behavioral schools, and ethnoarchaeology to research on historical developments and cultural transformations covering a broad geographical area of the Mediterranean region and spanning a long chronological sequence. This volume includes contributions spanning eras from the Bronze Age to the Modern period, although many of the essays focus on Hellenistic and Roman subjects. As the table of contents indicates, several essays consider kitchen wares in Peloponnesian and Greek contexts near to the Corinthia, including the nearby Berbati Valley, Laconia, Aegina, and Athens. A majority of publications on Hellenistic, Roman, and Late Antique pottery have focused on amphorae (storage and transport vessels), or fine tableware’s (for dining), material classes