Laboratory automation based on flow techniques

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2005

Molecules

Flow analysis is the science of performing quantitative analytical chemistry in flowing streams. Because of its efficiency and speed of analysis, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a prospective method for the monitoring of a flow composition withdrawn from various processes (e.g., occurring in bioreactors, fermentations, enzymatic assays, and microdialysis samples). However, interfacing CE to a various flow of interest requires further study. In this paper, several ingenious approaches on interfacing flow from various chemical or bioprocesses to a capillary electrophoresis instrument are reviewed. Most of these interfaces can be described as computer-controlled autosamplers. Even though most of the described interfaces waste too many samples, many interesting and important applications of the devices are reported. However, the lack of commercially available devices prevents the wide application of CE for flow analysis. On the contrary, this fact opens up a potential avenue for futur...

Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2009

In this review, an overview is given of the up-to-date accomplished analytical systems combining flow techniques and capillary electrophoresis with the main focus on interfacing principles, challenges, potentials, and the resulting operation versatility as well as the incorporation of automated sample treatment prior to the electrophoretic separation. The up-to-date reported coupled systems are classified in tabular form in respect to interface types and analytical applications. An introduction into the different flow techniques and capillary electrophoresis is given further. In consequence, this review is aimed to complement former review articles, whose main focuses were analytical performance of the reviewed systems.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2016

In this work, a total flow analysis system based on a novel solid-liquid extraction chamber is presented. This strategy enables all the main experimental procedures for the analysis of a solid sample to be performed automatically: enrichment of the liquid extract, sample treatment, filtration of the liquid extract from the solid sample, directing the extract towards detection, and finally cleansing of the chamber for the following solid sample to be analyzed. The chamber designed to be incorporated in the flow manifold presents two main features: it accommodates stirring bars for enhancing the extraction process, and it presents replaceable solid sample containers (a spare part of the solid-liquid extraction chamber) to easily replace the solid sample and therefore enhance sample analysis throughput. The chamber performance was assessed using two different solid samples, an ion exchanger resin and vegetable samples, focussing on proton and nitrate ion extraction, respectively. The main figures of merit achieved were relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error values below 7 % for all determinations. The determination rate for vegetable samples was ca. 12 samples h −1. The proposed strategy may be exploited to perform automatically the analysis of solid samples as it embodies a simple automatic strategy of a very important but timeconsuming and laborious analytical operation.

The Journal of Automatic Chemistry, 1997

An automated system to perform liquid-liquid extraction in monosegmented flow analysis is described. The system is controlled by a microcomputer that can track the localization of the aqueous monosegmented sample in the manifold. Optical switches are employed to sense the gas-liquid interface of the air bubbles that define the monosegment. The logical level changes, generated by the switches, are flagged by the computer through a home-made interface that also contains the analogue-to-digital converter for signal acquisition. The sequence of operations, necessary for a single extraction or for concentration of the analyte in the organic phase, is triggered by these logical transitions. The system was evaluated for extraction of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and concentration of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions at pH 9.9 (NH3/NH4Cl buffer) into chloroform containing PAN (1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol) . The results show a mean repeatability of 3% (rsd) for a 2.0 mg l-1Cd(II) solution and a lin...

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2007

Analytical Sciences, 2021

In this review, we cite references from the period between 2015 and 2020 related to the use of a flow-based system as a tool to obtain a modern analytical system for speeding up data production and improving performance. Based on a great deal of concepts for automatic systems, there are several research groups introduced in the development of flow-based systems to increase sample throughput while retaining the reproducibility and repeatability as well as to propose new platforms of flow-based systems, such as microfluidic chip and paper-based devices. Additionally, to apply a developed system for on-site analysis is one of the key features for development. We believe that this review will be very interested and useful for readers because of its impact on developing novel analytical systems. The content of the review is categorized following their applications including quality control and food safety, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and miscellaneous.

2010

CITATIONS 0 READS 98 4 authors: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Development of automatic methods of analysis using microfluidic systems. Application to the determination of parameters of environmental interest View project Abstract

Nouvelle Mythologie Comparée (New Comparative Mythology), revue de mythologie au comité de lecture international, lance, pour son huitième numéro, un appel à texte sur le thème « Mythologie celtique et mythologie comparée ». Les articles proposés devront présenter une approche comparative de la mythologie celtique. Ses sources pourront être directes (bretonnes, gauloises, galloises, irlandaises, etc.), mais aussi indirectes à travers de possibles héritages au sein des traditions des contrées européennes ayant connu une présence celtique. Les mythes et légendes comparées devront l'être à d'autres traditions culturelles quelles qu'elles soient pourvu que la mise en parallèle soit plausible. Toutes les approches comparatives ou l'utilisation de sciences connexes du comparatisme mythologique (linguistique, archéologie, ethnologie, etc.) sont permises pour peu qu'elles soient basées sur une méthodologie scientifique solide, en particulier au niveau philologique et historique. Notre vision de la mythologie comparée est pluridisciplinaire et est inspirée des démarches de Georges Dumézil, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Calvert Watkins, de Viatcheslav Ivanov ou bien encore de Julien-Algirdas Greimas. Des articles ne touchant pas au sujet de ce thema pourront aussi être acceptés et seront publiés en fin d'année, voire, l'année suivante, dans la section varia. Toutes les thématiques, époques et cultures sont acceptées pour les varia, pour peu que les traditions comparées ne concernent pas seulement un groupe culturel unique-uniquement des mythes grecs, par exemple. Après acceptation par notre comité de lecture et d'éventuelles modifications demandées, les articles retenus seront publiés sur le site de notre revue, avant d'être compilés en un volume pour une impression à la demande. Les contributions ne pourront dépasser les 150 000 signes, espaces compris, mais sans les notes de bas de pages ou la bibliographie. Les textes doivent être rédigés en français ou en anglais et accompagnés d'un résumé et de mots-clés dans ces deux langues. Les formats acceptés sont .doc .odt et .pdf. La mise en page doit être la plus simple possible. Concernant les normes d'appel de références et de bibliographie, veuillez vous référer à l'un des articles de notre dernier numéro : http://nouvellemythologiecomparee.hautetfort.com/numero-6-no-6-2021/ La date limite de leur envoi sera le 1 er juillet 2024. La publication des articles pour ce numéro commencera en janvier 2024. Le temps entre les demandes de corrections et le retour du manuscrit ne devra pas dépasser trois mois. Les textes doivent être envoyés à l'adresse suivante :

This document is a modified version of a document from a committee formed at AT&T's Indian Hill labs to establish a common set of coding standards and recommendations for the Indian Hill community. The scope of this work is C coding style. Good style should encourage consistent layout, improve portability, and reduce errors. This work does not cover functional organization, or general issues such as the use of