State-of-the Art Motion Estimation in the Context of 3D TV

Progress in image sensors and computation power has fueled studies to improve acquisition, processing, and analysis of 3D streams along with 3D scenes/objects reconstruction. The role of motion compensation/motion estimation (MCME) in 3D TV from end-to-end user is investigated in this chapter. Motion vectors (MVs) are closely related to the concept of disparities and they can help improving dynamic scene acquisition, content creation, 2D to 3D conversion, compression coding, decompression/decoding, scene rendering, error concealment, virtual/augmented reality handling, intelligent content retrieval and displaying. Although there are different 3D shape extraction methods, this text focuses mostly on shape-from-motion (SfM) techniques due to their relevance to 3D TV. SfM extraction can restore 3D shape information from a single camera data.

IEEE transactions on …, 2007

2008

Advances in image sensors and evolution of digital computation is a strong stimulus for development and implementation of sophisticated methods for capturing, processing and analysis of 3D data from dynamic scenes. Research on perspective time-varying 3D scene capture technologies is important for the upcoming 3DTV displays. Methods such as shape-from-texture, shape-from-shading, shape-from-focus and shape-from-motion extraction can restore 3D shape information from a single camera data. The existing techniques for 3D extraction from single camera video sequences are especially useful for conversion of the already available vast mono-view content to the 3DTV systems. Scene-oriented single camera methods as human face reconstruction and facial motion analysis, body modeling and body motion tracking and motion recognition solve efficiently a variety of tasks. Intensive area of research is 3D multicamera dynamic acquisition and reconstruction with its hardware specifics as calibration ...

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2000

3-D scene representation is utilized during scene extraction, modeling, transmission and display stages of a 3DTV framework. To this end, different representation technologies are proposed to fulfill the requirements of 3DTV paradigm. Dense point-based methods are appropriate for free-view 3DTV applications, since they can generate novel views easily. As surface representations, polygonal meshes are quite popular due to their generality and current hardware support. Unfortunately, there is no inherent smoothness in their description and the resulting renderings may contain unrealistic artifacts. NURBS surfaces have embedded smoothness and efficient tools for editing and animation, but they are more suitable for synthetic content. Smooth subdivision surfaces, which offer a good compromise between polygonal meshes and NURBS surfaces, require sophisticated geometry modeling tools and are usually difficult to obtain. One recent trend in surface representation is point-based modeling which can meet most of the requirements of 3DTV, however the relevant state-of-the-art is not yet mature enough. On the other hand, volumetric representations encapsulate neighborhood information that is useful for the reconstruction of surfaces with their parallel implementations for multiview stereo algorithms. Apart from the representation of 3-D structure by different primitives, texturing of scenes is also essential for a realistic scene rendering. Image-based rendering techniques directly render novel views of a scene from the acquired images, since they do not require any explicit geometry or texture representation. 3-D human face and body modeling facilitate the realistic animation and rendering of human figures that is quite crucial for 3DTV that might demand real-time animation of human bodies. Physically based modeling and animation techniques produce impressive results, thus have

Signal Processing: Image Communication, 1991

This paper presents two-dimensional motion estimation methods which take advantage of the intrinsic redundancies inside 3DTV stereoscopic image sequences. Most of the previous studies extract, either disparity vector fields if they are involved in stereovision, or apparent ...

2002

This paper considers techniques for capturing 3D information from image sequences for applications in film and TV production. The potential applications fall into two classes, one requiring 3D data that can be represented as a depth map from a single viewpoint, and the other requiring a full 3D model. Applications for both classes of data are briefly reviewed, and current work on 3D data capture in two EU-funded projects is described. The MetaVision project is considering depth map acquisition, and results based on a three-camera stereo system are presented. The development of a multi-camera system using widelyseparated cameras in a studio environment is being carried out as a part of the ORIGAMI project.

International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, 2010

Being a goal over decades, the extension of television, and visual communications in general, to the third dimension (3DTV) has been almost reached. Currently, 3D motion pictures are shown in theatres and the first 3D broadcasts are being planned to initiate in the next few years. Albeit the progress, state of the art has not yet reached the goal of acquiring a three-dimensional scene in full detail and creating a precise optical duplicate at remote site in real-time. Limitations in reconstruction accuracy and visual quality as well as user acceptance of pertinent technologies have, to date, prevented the creation of infrastructures for the delivery of 3D content to mass markets. Thereby, relevant scientific research is at the center of interest regarding the improvement of current 3DTV technologies.

Articles should highlight new discoveries or current research relating to artworks produced in the periods from Antiquity to the mid-nineteenth century. The journal welcomes articles relating to a variety of objects, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, decorative arts, and textiles, as well as the history of their collection and conservation. Texts should be largely object focused and place artworks within the broader context of the culture and period in which they were produced, providing visual analysis and high-quality comparative images. Manuscripts will be reviewed by members of the journal's Editorial Committee, composed of specialists covering a wide range of fields, periods and geographic areas. Texts should be between 1000 and 10,000 words (including endnotes) and include between five and fifteen illustrations, depending on the length of the article. The author of each article is responsible for obtaining all photographic material and reproduction rights. We will endeavour to help early career and independent scholars cover the cost of image licenses. Each author will receive a hard copy of the volume in which his or her article appears.

Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought, 2023

We reply to the objections raised in Polis 40 (2023) by Ryan Balot and Manuel Knoll to our original paper ‘Recognition and Redistribution in Aristotle’s Account of Stasis’, published in Polis 39 (2022). We argue that Knoll is correct in arguing that Aristotle distinguishes between democratic views of distributive justice and his own, but wrong to argue that this wholly resolves a tension in Aristotle’s exposition between views of democratic justice as, in one sense, based on equality ‘according to worth’ and in another based on arithmetic equality. Balot, we contend, misconstrues our original argument when he represents us as claiming that, according to Aristotle, the injustice which leads agents to engage in stasis exists entirely in their own minds. We did not and do not hold that view and therefore (pace Balot) are in no way committed to any of its alleged implications. Balot’s misunderstanding on that point entails a wholesale misrepresentation of our original argument.