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Catalogue of the exhibition "International Monkey Business" by Nina Staehli (CH) & Alejandro Thornton (ARG) at Schauraum, Lucerne, Switzerland. October 2015. Kosmos Culture Foundation
Fae Brauer, “Primate Visions: Modernist Monkey Business and Interspecies Relationality”, Guest Lecture, University of Bristol Modernist Studies Research Seminar, Convenor Professor Dorothy Price, 26 April 2016., 2016
Abstract In their anticolonialist and anticapitalist quest for "primitive consciousness" untainted by "civilizing missions", it has been well established that such Anarchist Modernists as František Kupka, Pablo Picasso and Henri Rousseau turned their gaze to tribal cultures. What has not been established is the Neo-Lamarckian symbiotic evolutionary dimension of their quest for interspecies relationships, particularly with primates, so abruptly severed by the "scramble for Africa". Although the "jungle fever" accompanying France's "colonialism by investment" relentlessly exoticized the cruelty of "wild beasts", these Modernists alongside such Anarcho-Communists as Peter Kropotkin and Élisée Reclus and such Naturalists as Edmond Perrier, were well aware how this facade masked widespread slaughter of animals. In his treatise, Animal Colonies, Perrier emphasized that the highest forms of evolution arose through the laws of association and cooperation exercised not by humans, but by animals, as epitomized by primate colonies. That these primate colonies provided an ethical model for political solidarism was well recognized by such French politicians as Léon Bourgeois. That they illuminated how interspecies relationships could evolve symbiotically was demonstrated by Reclus' La terre et les hommes and Kropotkin's Mutual Aid, while imaged by Kupka, Picasso and Rousseau, particularly in their portraits of monkeys and primate visions. By unraveling this interdiscursivity, this paper will examine how, at the very moment when animals became endangered species, their colonies were inscribed as evolutionary models for homosapiens to emulate, particularly primate colonies. By focusing upon the Modernist monkey business captured by Kupka, Picasso and Rousseau, it will reveal how primates were re-presented as playful, caring and collaborative, embodying the very mutualism and “socialist solidarity” of Neo-Lamarckian symbiosis articulated in Perrier's and Kropotkin's treatises. It will also reveal how Kupka, Picasso and Rousseau captured close interspecies relationships while illuminating how primate visions entailed homosapiens becoming the object of their gaze.
Primates
For close to 50 years, my research has focused on social relationships and social structure, particularly in macaques, and has been marked by a gradual broadening of scope. Supported by open-minded parents, I followed a once unconventional path into field primatology largely by ignoring distinct gender-based ideas about appropriate occupations for women that were prevalent when I was a child. Later, as Robert Hinde's PhD advisee, I benefited enormously from his mentoring and from the transformative experience he provided. I began by examining infant social development in free-ranging rhesus monkeys and the integration of infants into the kinship and dominance structures of their groups. I gradually branched out to look at (1) kinship and dominance in additional age classes and macaque species, (2) additional aspects of social structure (reciprocity, agonistic support, tolerance, cooperation, conflict management), (3) mechanisms and organizing principles (e.g., attraction to kin and high rank, intergenerational transmission, demography, reciprocity, social style, time constraints) and (4) evolutionary underpinnings of social relationships and structure (e.g., parental investment, kin selection, socioecology, phylogeny, biological markets). For much of this journey, I have been accompanied by talented PhD students who have enriched my experience and whom I am now proud to call colleagues and friends. It is gratifying to realize that my career choice is no longer considered as unconventional as it once was.
2016
In 2004, twelve capuchin monkeys were moved from the labs of the Danish psychiatric hospital of Sankt Hans to a small private-owned zoo in another part of Denmark in order to be rehabilitated. These monkeys were the last nonhuman primates to be used as research animals in Danish biomedical laboratories. The normal procedure would be to kill research animals after the termination of an experiment; in this case, however, a decision was reached to close down the lab. The moral landscape had changed, and it was no longer considered acceptable to use nonhuman pri-mates in Danish biomedicine. From being considered a biological resource serving as a model of man, the monkeys had become moral subjects with a claim to a life suiting their natural needs. Simultaneously, the monkeys became instrumental in creating moral legitimacy for the actors involved in their rescue. What we see is an instance of pathfinding in a changing moral landscape where actors negotiate nonhuman primate nature as th...
Marie Strauss: Monkey Games, 2018
Catalogue essay by Hilary Radner, published on the occasion of the exhibition "Marie Strauss: Monkey Games", Eskdale Gallery, Dunedin, November 2018.
Oxford University Press, 2018
EXCERPT from The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory: Animal Studies
Sarimin goes… to the market!" shouts the showman. "Da-da-dum, da-da-dum, da-dadum" beats the drum. And the monkey goes through its routine. It picks up a doll-size mirror, looks at its reflection, and then discards the prop. The monkey's handler casually tosses a parasol and handbag to his charge. It picks these up and walks around in a circle.
Evolutionary Psychology, 2010
GI-TOC, 2023
Over the past two decades there has been a spike in demand for exotic animals as pets, linked to the increasing capture of mainly young exotic animals in the wild, putting even more pressure on the survival of endangered species. Great apes, other primates, big cats and a few other exotic animals top the list of things to be shown off on social media by owners seeking to attract attention and status. Concurrently, private commercial zoos posing as ‘rescue’ or ‘conservation’ centres have also increased in more countries around the world, driving demand for photogenic, playful, endearing young animals that can draw in paying visitors. The internet, via e-commerce and social-media marketing, is a favoured method for bringing consumers to suppliers. The major suppliers, who are often also exotic pet owners or zoo owners, are coming together in loose networks to buy and sell exotic animals, including great apes, and to find new customers.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 2015
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