Cognitive Architecture; A Review

We all require spatial knowledge of our environment. Many people spend the better part of their day in a built environment, and therefore, much of their thought about space is directly intertwined with the architectural and urban form of their surroundings. How does the form of people's surroundings affect their spatial knowledge? The intention of this paper is to create a link between human spatial cognition research and architectural design through review of three major research articles and some supporting papers. An empirical study was conducted with human subjects in complex multi-level architectural designs and thinking aloud protocols and thought for performance measures of experienced and inexperienced participants in different way finding tasks were compared. Spatial cognition and way finding research as well as design cognition are well established as fields of research. It is nevertheless largely unknown how architects reason when they try to integrate way-finding-friendly factors into their designs. In two semi-structured interviews architects were asked to give critique on real world example cases as well as to solve predefined design tasks . The qualitative analysis focuses on perspective taking and other skills related to the anticipation of users in the building. The main finding is that the anticipation of visual access for single locations is done well but that multiple locations are seldom considered. A consequence would be that anticipation of users' perspective is restricted to episode-like cognitive walk-through [2]. Spatial cognition concerns the study of knowledge and beliefs about spatial properties of objects and events in the world. Cognition is about knowledge: its acquisition, storage and retrieval, manipulation, and use by humans, nonhuman animals, and intelligent machines.

EVELYN GYASI, 2022

The majority of people in these unusual times spend most of their day indoors. Hence our buildings should be able to support the healthy lifestyle we long for. There's no point in being on a diet and having enough exercise when the space a person subsists in does not support health or well-being. Spaces should be able to contribute to psychological and physiological well-being. Design or choose to build spaces that allow occupants to experience at least 50% of the natural environment within an entire building or have specific areas or rooms that break the barriers between the artificial and the natural environment. As a means of reducing or eradicating the negative effects of an inadequate or non-stimulus environment on a person’s brain and general well-being. We should have spaces that give delight to our senses and physical well-being. overcome the boredom and illnesses the artificial environment world brings

Are architects able to design buildings whose frameworks help to promote the creativity and reduce social and internal dissonance of people and try to increase its efficiency in the environment? Answering this question needs understanding of factors affecting the issue, including understanding of the concepts and approaches of work alongside the rest of the directions in architectural design. By short overview of the concepts and procedures of perspectives on environmental psychology and its link with the architectural design in this article, it has tried to introduce the basic and new knowledge which is as old as 3 decades with artificial and manmade environment. The present article also turned its attention to expressing valuable theories of Environmental Psychology that awareness of them can have special significance for environmental design. In this article discussions about importance of understanding these issues for the design and especially architecture are presented. In the end, this writing has dealt with the summary and the final goal of the issue, which is architecture design within the modern science framework of environmental psychology and approaches and ideas. INTRODUCTION Man since its inception is busy exploring nature, which has always been unknown and mystery to him, and is seeking comfort and efficiency of existing environmental conditions to gain peace. Architects and designers pay special attention to psychological understanding and further exploration in human behavior and nature in the environment because these behaviors are closely related with the physical environment. What separates Environmental Psychology from the other branches of psychology is examining the relation between behavior based on the human psyche and the physical environment. Thus, attention of designers to psychological investigating of designed spaces has created an inextricable link between environmental psychology and them. Environmental psychologists have committed themselves to the study of human behavior in his daily environment to be able to directly or indirectly investigate effects of physical environment on human behavior.

Danuda CHotkangwarn, 2023

This paper explores the intricate relationship between architecture and psychology, focusing on how the built environment influences human behavior, emotions, and mental well-being. By examining existing research and scholarly articles, this study delves into neuroarchitecture and its implications for designing spaces that enhance the quality of life and promote positive mental health. Drawing upon key sources such as "The Psychology of Place" by Canter and Canter, "Welcome to Your World" by Goldhagen, and the systematic study on architecture and mental disorders by Mais M. Aljunaidy, this paper presents a comprehensive argument for the integration of psychology into the field of architecture. It discusses how the brain responds to space, the correlations between architecture and behavior, and the potential of architecture to impact mental disorders. Considering the findings and insights from these sources, this paper aims to highlight the importance of incorporating psychological principles in architectural design to create environments that support human well-being.

conference proceedings on Ambiance Nantes, 2003

Theme of the workshop : theory on architectural and urban ambience, reference and referenciation Several works of research that we have conducted in our laboratory (CRESSON) have aimed at understanding the ambient milieu (among which sonic and optic environment) through one's experience. These works encourage us to consider an "ecological approach to architecture" which takes into account human, sensitive and social experience in situ. This approach is useful for a qualitative design of ambient environment in a sensitive and cultural way. It aims at identifying different types of referential situations through potential « formers » (« formants » in french) that characterise them and find their origin in perceptual ordinary experience. Standing close to what implies an architectural projection of space and built form, it could modify the cognitive attitude in design relatively to ambience. This approach gives importance to potentials of perception and action that an environment can afford to users and questions the criterias on which we can do specific physical measurments on qualitative dimensions. But it also questions the aesthetic criterias that are involved by active uses and the embodiement of « references » that guide architectural thinking. In a large definition, ecology is a multidisciplinary approach to the study of living systems, their environment, and the reciprocity that has evolved between the two. It leads to distinguish physical reality from a perceptual reality. Our analysis focuses on the active relation we can have when practicising the built structures and using its environmental potentials. Walking, sitting, talking, all our practices of architecture awake and use perceived ambient factors like sound, light and heat. Although many works show links between architectural spaces and social uses and teach us some important facts, the role of ambient factors is not clearly taken into account. Many works about environment psychology tend to define criterias based on assessment (good or bad, pleasant or unpleasant, etc.) and effects on behaviors. Our approach does not aim at showing the effects of environment on judgments or behaviors (in that respect, it is not behaviorist). Rather we try to show the modalities by which the reciprocity between man and environment is experienced in different architectural forms in order to inflect projectual thinking. We are interested in following the questions :-how is perceived and structured an ambient environment, and how does it involve our action in every day life ?-how could knowledge on this issue inflect architectural and urban principles of conception and their references ?

Today, as the architectural design and development has becoming increasingly mature, the functions are no longer the principal contradictions of building, and on the other hand, the psychological feelings generated by building are not emphasized by the architect. Different buildings can generate different psychological feelings. Each building will generate different spaces, each building also consists of various spaces, and each space can give people different feeling. The psychological space of building has both important application value and great artistic value, which can not only help the architect to more systematically design the overall architectural space, but also help the building user to more comprehensively recognize the space. Today, with general emphasis on the architectural environment, the research and application development of architectural psychology and the realization of a harmonious and uniform relation between people and building can actively promote the architectural creation field.

International Journal of Advance Research Ideas and Innovations in Technology

Senses, the only information input media, play a mediating role between the built spaces and their experiences by the users. These spaces act as a stimulus on the senses of its users, the response to which is initially generated by the 'non-conscious' mind of the user; eventually leading to a like or dislike towards space. Architecture is all about experience created in a space, the look, feel and aesthetics; the success of which is measured by the time a user spends appreciating the space. Structuring senses, as the name puts forward, is a study that focuses upon the relationship between a space structure and its impact on the sensory media of the users, aiming to establish a balance and reduce the gap between the design intent and the design product. This declaration shall point towards an exchange of dialogue between a person and space. 1. AN ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITY From the three basic needs of human life, Food, Clothing and Shelter, the building industry is associated with the latter one. Having spent centuries in developing upon these necessities, this industry strongly attends to the user experience in the spaces being built. The environments we live in affect us hugely in molding our lifestyle in the social and cultural aspects; sometimes economic aspects as well. The power of design in shaping the lives of people has not been away from the attention of the field theoreticians. The role of this industry, today, is to be responsible for a comfortable, healthy, smooth and happy living of all the people. The ultimate purpose of building the varied scale settings is to enhance the experience of the users spending their lives in these spaces. In the interaction between built spaces and human beings, Architects play a role similar to a movie director; involving reading and recognizing spatial potential, on the one hand, and understanding societal needs on the other. The design language adapts from situation to situation in accordance with these factors, constantly constructing perspectives anew, observe and listen to and since the space from a range of different angles of expression. As a discipline, architecture harbours the potential to endow ephemeral things in concrete. [1]. 2. CIRCUMSCRIBING THE SCOPE  This declaration focuses upon public architecture-spaces effectively used by multiple groups and classes of people.  Talking about moods and emotions in spaces for all, this shall not necessarily be similar for all individuals. This process of subconscious assessment is also associated with the personal memories and the social and cultural upbringings of an individual user.  This declaration is a literature review including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to the topic. 3. THE INTENT OF BUILDING DESIGN Architecture is all about creating experience, having been conceived after using up enormous resources and time, every space instils an experiential emotion or feeling within its users, which in most of the cases happens through the non-conscious-a term used by Sarah Goldhagen [2], referring to cognitions that we could access consciously, but most don't. Architects are ethically passive designers, whether designing a single room or an entire community, the intention is to enhance the leftover space for the user(s) that exists between things-could be walls, greens, water, furniture or any feature. With this, it is clear that architects are on a roll of creating these set of events in spaces for various users. Architecture is a journey over a series of spaces travelling through numerous transitions, breakpoints and interaction zones, setting up the mood for the forthcoming

Applied Sciences, 2022

Cognitive building is a pioneering topic to envision the future of our built environment [...]

Geologica Belgica, 2000