RISE OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN revised 2015

Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam

The Iranian Revolution was a revolution that changed the Iranian government system from a monarchy to an Islamic republic led by Imam Rahullah al-Musawi al-Khomeini. Imam Khomeini is a figure in Iran who is also known as the father of the Iranian Revolution of Fundamentalism. His mindset is heavily influenced by mystical, philosophical, and Sufism based on the Qur'an and Hadith. So from Imam Khomeini's thought, the occurrence of the Islamic revolution in Iran on February 11, 1979 brought changes in Iran itself.

2024

he Iran Islamic Revolution of 1979 marked a watershed moment in modern history. Triggered by socio-economic grievances and fueled by religious fervor, it culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini's leadership. This seismic shift reshaped Iran's domestic landscape, ushering in a new era of political Islam and fundamentally altering the country's trajectory. Internationally, it spurred debates on the role of religion in governance and set the stage for Iran's complex relations with the West and its neighbors. Decades later, the revolution's legacy continues to reverberate, shaping Iranian society, politics, and foreign policy in profound ways.

POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL, 2020

The geographical position of Iran as a transit country between the Middle East, Central Asia and Caucasus, makes the Islamic Republic of Iran a new geostrategic factor with main influence to the future of the Islamic world and international world system. The Welayat-e-Faqih imposes serious changes in the government and society. Renovation of Islamic dogmas and their adaptation to changing conditions of the social-political life is the challenge to the Shiite clergy, who firmly follow the practices established by Imam Khomeini. His revolution carries not only the spirit of the Iranian modernization but also the pathos of social democracy. The “Theo-democratic” government is based on both the Islamic and democratic principles, and it can be said that due to the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini, a unique new project – the national-Iranian project is arguably developed. There are the three aims of this project: the territorial integrity, national sovereignty and national prosperity of the co...

International Relations on Indonesian Foreign Policy Conference 2022, 2022

The Iranian Islamic Revolution is one of the most critical events in the study of international relations. This revolution overthrew the ruling regime and gave rise to the Islamic Republic of Iran as a country that applies Islamic teachings as the basis of the state. The Iranian Islamic Revolution also signaled the relevance of the role of Islamic movements in socio-political movements. In addition, the Islamic Revolution of Iran also signifies the trend of desecularization that has characterized international relations for decades. The Islamic Republic of Iran has survived more than four decades despite external pressures. Ayatollah Khomeini was a critical actor in the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Ayatollah Khomeini's thoughts inspired the Iranian people to resist the regime's oppression. Ayatollah Khomeini's thoughts also inspired the Iranian people to accept the form of Iran as an Islamic state. This paper explores the relationship between Ayatollah Khomeini's strategic thinking and the Iranian Islamic Revolution. The method used in this research is qualitative by analyzing Ayatollah Khomeini's statements on religion and revolution.

The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics, 2013

Washington politicians and the press have cultivated, among Americans, the impression that Iran is a “theocracy” with no democratic institutions. Ignorance grew during the Bush administration as the conflict in Iraq escalated, and the administration continuously looked to blame Iran for US failures. Larry Diamond, a scholar at the Hoover Institution who advised the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq (CPA), told the Inter Press Service that the Mahdi Army of young cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, and other Shi`a militias (which, at the moment are giving Coalition forces a very hard time in Iraq) were being armed and financed by Iran with the aim of imposing “another Iranian-style theocracy.” Diamond’s comments were reiterated by another Coalition provisional authority advisor, Michael Rubin. Th e story was echoed by influential New York Times conservative columnists William Safire and David Brooks, further compounding the misinformation and continued to be a running theme in the US press on into the Obama administration, particularly in the New York Times as reflected in the reporting of Michael R. Gordon. Th e claim is simply untrue. No official body in Iran is supporting al-Sadr and the idea that al-Sadr could ever dream of imposing an “Iranian-style theocracy” is absurd. Nevertheless, the impression that Iran has nothing even resembling democratic institutions makes the neoconservative claims more believable to many Americans, who know nothing of Iran and who are fearful of Islamic attacks on Western culture. An accurate picture of Iranian electoral institutions helps in assessing both their strengths and weaknesses, and puts aside the notion that Iran is some kind of theocratic dictatorship. Consequently, I present here a sketch of the Iranian electoral procedure, the main governmental institutional bodies in Iran, and some of the underlying dynamics of political life in Iran today.

ECSSR Perspectives, 2023

As an important actor in the Middle East, whose actions have a significant impact on regional and international relations, Iran's foreign and domestic policy has long been misunderstood, viewed through the prism of a set of theoretical assumptions on the nature of the regime. Iran's actions, both regionally and globally, are often interpreted as an outgrowth of its status as a theocratic state, with the clerical nature of the regime repeatedly returned to in the literature as the reference point for analysis of its strategic motivations. However, the country's contemporary history, specifically its political development, provides a far more nuanced understanding of Iran's current strategic perspectives. This type of analysis is all the more relevant amid recent shifts in the region's security architecture, as landmark agreements and diplomatic initiatives, led by Abu Dhabi and Riyadh, have laid the groundwork for new regional arrangements based on a form of managed competition with a more pragmatic Iran.

The Iranian Revolution in 1979 played an important role in reshaping regional politics and impacting the Muslim world. This major political event is significant in three ways. First, the Islamic government replaced the pro-Western regime in Iran. The new republic aimed to take the lead in the anti-imperial and Islamic movements. Second, while involving in non-aligned movement and taking a stand against global powers like the United States and the Soviet Union, Iran itself emerged as an independent political and religious power, challenging the existing regimes in the region. Here, Islamic ideology played a crucial role in shaping foreign policy in the post-revolution Iran. Third, the revolutionary Iran, which once attempted to export its revolution, gradually moves away from its original revolutionary spirit. The notions of anti-Zionism and anti-US imperialism are still maintained, but Iran started to behave more like a rational state actor that constantly thrives for security to ensure its survival.