Model Validation for Power System Frequency Analysis
Hamed Delkhosh2019, SpringerBriefs in Energy
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SpringerBriefs in Energy
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8903
Hossein Seifi Hamed Delkhosh
•
Model Validation for Power
System Frequency Analysis
123
Hossein Seifi
Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Iran Power System
Engineering Research Centre (IPSERC)
Tarbiat Modares University (TMU)
Tehran, Iran
Hamed Delkhosh
Faculty of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
Tarbiat Modares University (TMU)
Tehran, Iran
ISSN 2191-5520
ISSN 2191-5539 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs in Energy
ISBN 978-981-13-2979-1
ISBN 978-981-13-2980-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2980-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018958945
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or
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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Preface
The power industry and its associated interconnected electric grid are, perhaps, the
most important infrastructure of the civilized world. The electric grid operation is
highly challenging from various viewpoints, requiring detailed studies, typically
carried out using simulation tools available for such studies. Modelling is the major
step of any type of simulation studies.
Modelling for power system frequency analysis is addressed in this research
monograph. The framework, methods, and formulations are given based on a
practical research as carried out by Iran Power System Engineering Research Centre
(IPSERC) for the Iran Grid Management Company (IGMC), implemented on the
large-scale Iranian power grid (15th in the world, in terms of the installed generation capacity, roughly 78 GW-2018).
We intend to bridge the gap between formal learning of the model validation
process from the frequency perspective and its practical implementation for a real
and large-scale power grid. Therefore, the intended audiences of this monograph
are both power industry experts and academia.
Some individuals and organizations have made the writing of this book possible.
We should especially thank the experts in IGMC, including Dr. M. Rajabi Mashhadi,
Mr. A. Mazkoori, Mr. E. Zabihzadeh, and Mr. A. Abbasszadeh, for their valuable
discussions and comments. The monograph has been reviewed by our team
members on IPSERC, namely Mrs. M. Sajadi, Mr. M. Jorjani, Mr. V. Hakimian,
Mr. L. Heidari, Mr. M. Yousefian, and Mr. S. Tajrobekar, who provided us useful
suggestions and comments. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. D. Merkle, Dr. R. Premnath,
and their colleagues, from Springer, for their support in the preparation and publication of this monograph. Last but not least, we should thank our families who
accepted us as part-time family members during this monograph preparation.
Finally, we should mention that although we have attempted to review the
monograph in order to be error-free, some might still exist. Please feel free to email
us about possible errors, comments, opinions, or any other useful information.
Tehran, Iran
October 2018
Hossein Seifi
Hamed Delkhosh
v
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Frequency Control . .
1.2 Model Validation . . .
1.3 Monograph Structure
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2 Fundamentals of Frequency Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Physical Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Basic Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 A Historical View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Frequency Control Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 Parameters Affecting System Frequency Behaviour . . . . . .
2.5.1 Generating Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5.2 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6 Frequency Control Strategies: Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.7 Frequency Control Strategies: Europe and North America .
2.7.1 Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.7.2 North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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3 Theoretical Aspects of Model Validation from Frequency
Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Model Validation Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Power System Frequency Model Validation: Practical
Experiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4 Generalized Model Validation Framework . . . . . . . . . .
3.5 Initial Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.6 Static Data Correction Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.7 Quantitative Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.8 Frequency and Voltage Dependency of Loads . . . . . . .
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vii
viii
Contents
4 Implementation and Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1 The Test Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Initial Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.1 Base Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.2 Collecting Dynamic Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.3 Selecting Incidents, Extracting the Closest Snapshot
and Measured Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.4 Static Data Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.5 Incidents Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.6 Correcting the Pre-incident Frequency . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.7 Determining the Typical and Acceptable Range
of Active Load Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 First Approach: Existing Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1 Existing Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.2 First Incident Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.3 Identification of New Affecting Parameters . . . . . . .
4.4 Second Approach: New Generic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.1 New Generic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.2 Converting Model Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.3 First Incident Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.4 Other Incidents Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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5 Detailed Sensitivity Analysis . . . . . .
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Basic Parameters and Measures .
5.3 Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . .
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References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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