Study of Battery Management System using Watchdog Software

3rd International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM 2023) 2023 3rd International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM) | 979-8-3503-3623-8/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICIPTM57143.2023.10118055 Study of Battery Management System using Watchdog Software Kartheek Vankadara Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Bengaluru, India [email protected] S Sujitha Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Bengaluru, India [email protected] Shaif Alam Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Bengaluru, India [email protected] Zahra Goher Sultana Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Bengaluru, India [email protected] Abstract— Battery Management Systems (BMS) are used in various current and business structures to make the battery action more useful and for the evaluation to keep the battery state, to the degree that this would be conceivable, away from horrible state, to augment battery lifetime. Thus, many noticing systems are used to screen the battery state of charge, temperature and current. In the stream paper, the checking structure for battery controlled Electric Vehicles (EV) has been completed and attempted. This structure surveys and shows the battery temperature, charging/delivering current and Region of Charge (SOC) for the considered model battery for imitating and making the model of a working BMS for Solid State and Semi-Solid-State Batteries in current circumstance. In like manner, to give a preliminary and prosperity feature for electric vehicle from fire hazard and mindfulness and take the imperative measures for the security of EV vehicles and EV current vehicles. Swastik Shukla Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering New Horizon College of Engineering Bengaluru, India [email protected] result of reasons of prosperity, cell changing, and developing. Besides, BMS guarantees that any uncommon state at the system establishment will set off the fated medicinal technique. BMS also avows the right technique for controlling the structure temperature in light of the fact that the system temperature impacts the power usage profile. Keywords—Fire Protection System, BMS, Electric Vehicles I. INTRODUCTION It is for the most part a direct result of the shortfall of a safeguarded strategy for taking care of electrical energy. One of the main stock organisations where the thing power is swiftly consumed once it is provided is the electrical power structure. Three levels of mechanical advancement exist for electrical energy storing: sent, represented, and starting stage game plans. Occurrences of the used electric energy storing systems consolidate batteries, flywheels, compacted air energy limit, and siphoned hydro. Stream batteries further created Pb-destructive, superconducting appealing energy storing, and electrochemical capacitor are a part of the energy accumulating developments that have been illustrated. Propels for taking care of energy to start with stages are adiabatic. A battery is a kind of electrical energy storing contraption that has an immense measure of long stretch energy limit. A system control unit called a battery the board structure (BMS) is shown to check the useful security of the system battery pack. A BMS's chief capacity is to defend the battery. The administration of each and every phone is crucial as a Figure 1. BMS System The BMS in electric vehicle is covered by reports classifying the hardship faced in this industry with different types of batteries and different BMS system. The main work of a BMS is to determine the state, retention, health, life of the battery mentioned. The main problem arises in a battery when it’s in real condition and on a daily running condition. This determines the strength and reliability of the battery. It concentrates on the hardware components of Battery Management Systems (BMS) for stationary and electric cars. An improved multicell-to-multicell battery equalization based on a bipolar-resonant LC converter was proposed in. To demonstrate its great balancing speed, mathematical analysis and comparison with conventional equalizers are offered. Uno et al. suggested a novel explicit voltage multiplierbased cell voltage evening out. Despite the fact that there are fewer assurance switches than in conventional topographies, the voltage multiplier-based cell voltage balancer unifies 979-8-3503-3623-8/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: Amrita School of Engineering. Downloaded on May 12,2023 at 03:24:53 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. them to create a smaller circuit. After a model for twelve cells was made, testing of the balance of a lithium-ion battery was conducted. The zenith of as far as possible (IC) twist from the new state to a 100-cycle developing state was the subject of a backslide assessment by Lee et al. Besides, a backslide assessment model was used to choose the Territory of Prosperity (SOH) of the considered surrendered series equivalent battery pack. The immediate backslide assessment model's SOH botch for the surrendered series equivalent battery pack was under 1%. In Distributed Topology , Every single control unit works through sole communication cable with each battery element. when numerous control unit work with battery element, there all the control units are internally connected . The modular BMS pits both advantages and drawbacks of the other two topologies against one another and requires more software and hardware work. [2] Gateway Gateway BMS There are three different topologies first one is centralized, second one is - distributed, and the third one is modular these are the methods available in the BMS market. When number of wires are connected in series with sole control unit and power cells is called Centralised Topology . BMS Gateway Sensor Gateway Actuator Link Fig. 2. Link of gateway to BMS II. BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BMS is described unmistakably depending upon the application. BMS, generally speaking, suggests an organization system that watches out for, coordinates, and deals with a singular's show or the presentation of a couple of battery modules in an energy storing structure. In the event of bizarre circumstances, BMS have some command over the isolating of the module(s) from the structure. With the right prosperity security estimates set up inside a system, it is utilized to further develop battery execution. BMS is used in a power structure application to follow, make due, and supply the power cell’s strength at its best level (battery length is similarly considered to be here). BMS is used in auto applications to supervise energy at various system interfaces and to shield the battery. A BMS can't be used as a free inside a structure establishment. It is consolidated with many more system modules to accomplish the structure targets. For event, a splendid energy motorization structure combines a battery the board module (BMM), battery interface module (BIM), power cell units, and battery managerial control. The system shields the battery-pack, extends the battery lifetime, manages the power interest, and talks with the different association.[1] Fig. 4. BMS Software Architecture The BMS programming configuration maintains performing different assignments. As of now, it was illogical to finish two positions at the same time; one task should be expected to be delayed to do the other. At this point, different endeavors may be done meanwhile and without obstruction by virtue of the new BMS programming plan. In order to ensure BMS success, the primary duties of a BMS programming sketcher, including voltage current calculation, over current and voltage protection, temperature management and monitoring, and protective relay, must be completed as soon as feasible. The BMS framework incorporates the Real-Time Operation System (RTOS) to carry out real-time operations. [3] III. PROPOSED METHODS AND DIAGNOSIS Electric versatility is by and large saw as the kind of transportation keeping an eye on what might be relatively close. There is more assistance for developing the use of electric adaptability while progressing away from oil helper filled vehicles as stress over lessening spills over to fight organic change, by and large, has made. As a continually growing number of battery-filled vehicles are exported, consideration should be given to standardising BMS items for shipment wreck applications in order to ensure public safety, transportation fearless quality, and gathering principles. BMS hazards and dangers may often be avoided by standardizing BMS for EVs and modifying the levels in EVs. [4] Wheel Accelerator/ Pedal Electronic Control Unit Power Converter Battery Motor Air Conditioning, Sensing, Communication Onboard Infotainment etc. Mechanical Drive For electric vehicle applications, the typical BMS configuration is a specialist slave designing with united control and scattered sub-controllers. One strategy manages many cycles in a specialist slave designing, another upsidedown control association and correspondence focus. It depicts the development of the specific BMS designing as well as the correspondence plan between the BMS unit and the telephone the chief’s unit (CMU). Each slave board looks out for and manages a lot of cells. To deal with the system's value, a specialist control board uses successive marks of cooperation to interact with the slave sheets. Wheel Battery Management System Fig. 3. Architecture of BMS 2 Authorized licensed use limited to: Amrita School of Engineering. Downloaded on May 12,2023 at 03:24:53 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Battery Management System (BMS) Monitoring Protection Charging and Discharging Management Communication Diagnosis Data Management Fig. 5 Parts of BMS We also use a watchdog timer. An electronic or software timer known as a watchdog timer is used to identify and correct computer faults. It is also known as a watchdog or a Computer Operating Properly (COP) timer. Computers frequently utilize watchdog timers to allow automatic rectification of momentary hardware problems and to stop malicious or rogue software from interfering with system performance.[5] To start corrective steps, utilize the timeout signal. Usually, the repair measures involve putting the computer and related hardware in a secure state. The timer reset is used to reset the timer when starting a software update or any other process. A simple watchdog timer can be used to reset a device when assuming timeout. To set the period for the timer, you need to set it right before attempting installation. IV. WATCHDOG TIMER A gatekeeper WATCHDOG clock is used for distinguishing power frustrations and expecting the battery the load up system & prosperity limit. It furthermore gave a partner voltage screen which, when set off, stops the gatekeeper canine clock and holds frightening issues back from occurring.[2] The watchman canine clock can similarly be used to shield your device from low battery conditions or in remarkable arrangements, to thwart code execution if an exhortation system recognizes the presence of explicit conditions. In summary, a watchman canine clock can help with hindering surprising issues by predicting the strength of your device and halting system in case any condition is accessible at some irregular time.[2] To reset the watchman canine counter, the structure needs system programming that can reset the counter. Accepting that the reset contraption fails to deal with its business properly, it impacts authentic action of the running system. Fig. 6. High Voltage Application The watchdog timer is routinely restarted by the computer during normal operation to stop it from running out of time. The timer will expire and send out a timeout signal if the computer is unable to restart the watchdog because of a hardware issue or software glitch.[6] The upset regulator ought to have the choice to pick on the off chance that the item has executed rules and subsequently feed the gatekeeper canine with the objective that it can hinder a structure freeze or breakdown in light of external impedance. If this isn't done, it could hold device back from returning to a reasonable state. The thinking behind this is that if an event occurs and nothing is done about it (feed canine), it could provoke tragic disillusionment of the entire system. To prevent this, a watchman canine clock is used to reset the device if the item fails to reply in time. The watchman canine clock took a gatekeeper canine reset when the break time period passed and reset the contraption by setting its program counter back to its hidden worth. This reset happened paying little regard to what was used for reset or whether or not no reset was given. A gatekeeper canine break happens while programming forgets to follow an ordinary way and wanders off from it, as Fig. 7. Internal Connection of BMS 3 Authorized licensed use limited to: Amrita School of Engineering. Downloaded on May 12,2023 at 03:24:53 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. couple of a long time as the market entry of electric vehicles increases. There have recently been two or three full-scale EV fire starters until now in this manner. such impacting its movement. To prevent this, a gatekeeper canine periphery can be completed that stirs the contraption at times and clears bits in code that show that everything is running exactly as expected. EV fires are harder to drench considering the opportunity of battery re-start and the troubles related with cooling the battery pack inside. The best strategy to extinguish a fire in an electric vehicle is still water, and a great deal of cooling the battery as well as doused the blazes is required. Nonetheless, less silencers are required when the battery pack is directly sprinkled. Also, there is no information open regarding the fire risk introduced by abandoned EVs and battery packs. Designs and stopping regions with extra EVs and charging stations should be supposed to have better fire security structures later on. This review will likely assistance examiners and associations took part in battery, electric vehicle, and fire prosperity related work. REFERENCES Fig. 8. Watchdog Timer If not then, it passes on a message at predestined time extends which make the system shut down or restart itself. [1] [2] V. CONCLUSION This study examines how battery fires in electric vehicles are developing in addition to related fire safety concerns and fire assistance techniques (EVs). Due to the high demands on driving performance and charging speed, unavoidable vehicle crashes, and the expanding size and energy thickness of battery packs, the fire hazard and risk of Li-molecule batteries (LIB) is particularly significant in Electric Vehicles (EV). [3] [4] [5] [6] Various ordinary fire disasters in battery EVs, combination EVs, and electric vehicles are reviewed to give an emotional cognizance of the bet and hazard of EV fire. A spike in EV fire disasters is normal all through the following Xing, Yinjiao, et al. "Battery management systems in electric and hybrid vehicles." Energies 4.11, pp. 1840-1857, 2011. Aiello, Orazio. "Electromagnetic susceptibility of battery management systems’ ICs for electric vehicles: Experimental study." Electronics 9.3, 2020. Ko, Younghwi, and Woojin Choi. "A new soc estimation for lfp batteries: Application in a 10 ah cell (hw 38120 l/s) as a hysteresis case study." Electronics 10.6, 2021. 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