Fungal Planet description sheets: 951–1041
Dania García2019, Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
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Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense fromanunidentifiedmarinesponge. Argentina , Geastrum wrightii onhumusinmixedforest. Australia , Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.)on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles , Lactifluus guanensis onsoil. Canada , Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna...
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Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum...
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Persoonia 43, 2019: 223 – 425
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj
RESEARCH ARTICLE
ISSN (Online) 1878-9080
https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.06
Fungal Planet description sheets: 951– 1041
P.W. Crous1,2, M.J. Wingfield 2, L. Lombard1, F. Roets3, W.J. Swart 4, P. Alvarado5,
A.J. Carnegie 6, G. Moreno7, J. Luangsa-ard 8, R. Thangavel 9, A.V. Alexandrova10,11,12,
I.G. Baseia13, J.-M. Bellanger 14, A.E. Bessette15, A.R. Bessette15, S. De la Peña-Lastra16,
D. García17, J. Gené17, T.H.G. Pham11,18, M. Heykoop7, E. Malysheva19, V. Malysheva19,
M.P. Martín20, O.V. Morozova11,19, W. Noisripoom8, B.E. Overton21, A.E. Rea21,
B.J. Sewall22, M.E. Smith23, C.W. Smyth 21, K. Tasanathai8, C.M. Visagie 2,24, S. Adamčík25,
A. Alves26, J.P. Andrade27, M.J. Aninat 28, R.V.B. Araújo 29, J.J. Bordallo30, T. Boufleur 31,
R. Baroncelli 32, R.W. Barreto 33, J. Bolin 34, J. Cabero 35, M. Caboň 25, G. Cafà36,
M.L.H. Caffot 37, L. Cai 38, J.R. Carlavilla7, R. Chávez 39, R.R.L. de Castro 31, L. Delgat 40,
D. Deschuyteneer 41, M.M. Dios 42, L.S. Domínguez 43, H.C. Evans 44, G. Eyssartier 45,
B.W. Ferreira33, C.N. Figueiredo46, F. Liu38, J. Fournier 47, L.V. Galli-Terasawa48,
C. Gil-Durán39, C. Glienke48, M.F.M. Gonçalves26, H. Gryta 49, J. Guarro17, W. Himaman 50,
N. Hywel-Jones51, I. Iturrieta-González17, N.E. Ivanushkina 52, P. Jargeat 49, A.N. Khalid 53,
J. Khan 54, M. Kiran53, L. Kiss 55, G.A. Kochkina52, M. Kolařík56,57, A. Kubátová 57,
D.J. Lodge 58, M. Loizides 59, D. Luque 60, J.L. Manjón7, P.A.S. Marbach 46, N.S. Massola Jr 31,
M. Mata7, A.N. Miller 61, S. Mongkolsamrit 8, P.-A. Moreau 62, A. Morte 63, A. Mujic 64,
A. Navarro-Ródenas63, M.Z. Németh65, T.F. Nóbrega33, A. Nováková56, I. Olariaga66,
S.M. Ozerskaya52, M.A. Palma 28, D.A.L. Petters-Vandresen 48, E. Piontelli 67, E.S. Popov11,19,
A. Rodríguez 63, Ó. Requejo68, A.C.M. Rodrigues69, I.H. Rong 24, J. Roux70, K.A. Seifert 71,
B.D.B. Silva 29, F. Sklenář 56,57, J.A. Smith72, J.O. Sousa13, H.G. Souza 46, J.T. De Souza73,
K. Švec 56,57, P. Tanchaud74, J.B. Tanney75, F. Terasawa 48, D. Thanakitpipattana8,
D. Torres-Garcia17, I. Vaca76, N. Vaghefi 55, A.L. van Iperen1, O.V. Vasilenko 52,
A. Verbeken40, N. Yilmaz 2, J.C. Zamora77,78, M. Zapata79, Ž. Jurjević 80, J.Z. Groenewald1
Key words
ITS nrDNA barcodes
LSU
new taxa
systematics
Abstract Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica,
Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge. Argentina,
Geastrum wrightii on humus in mixed forest. Australia, Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera,
Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia
ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on
rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae
(incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.) on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles, Lactifluus guanensis on soil. Canada, Sorocybe oblongispora
on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna
from carbonatite in Karst cave. Colombia, Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa
Rica, Psathyrella pivae on wood. Cyprus, Clavulina iris on calcareous substrate. France, Chromosera ambigua
and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis on soil. French West Indies, Helminthosphaeria hispidissima on dead wood.
Guatemala, Talaromyces guatemalensis in soil. Malaysia, Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotracylla gen. nov.) and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium
viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae
on Phoenix sp. Pakistan, Russula quercus-floribundae on forest floor. Portugal, Trichoderma aestuarinum from
saline water. Russia, Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduous wood or soil. South Africa, Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma
encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.) on leaves of Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of
Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium
on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme, Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.) on leaf litter of
Eugenia capensis, Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl.
Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata, Falcocladium
eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp.
macrocarpa, Harzia metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopotamyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Phragmites australis, Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea, Leptosillia
mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla, Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe
sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata, Neodevriesia
strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai, Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.) on leaf spots of
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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224
Abstract (cont.)
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Syzygium sp., Nothoramichloridium perseae (incl. Nothoramichloridium gen. nov. and Anungitiomycetaceae fam.
nov.) on leaves of Persea americana, Paramycosphaerella watsoniae on leaf spots of Watsonia sp., Penicillium
cuddlyae from dog food, Podocarpomyces knysnanus (incl. Podocarpomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Podocarpus
falcatus, Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola on leaf spots of Heteropyxis natalensis, Pseudopenidiella podocarpi,
Scolecobasidium podocarpi and Ceramothyrium podocarpicola on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Scolecobasidium
blechni on leaves of Blechnum capense, Stomiopeltis syzygii on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Strelitziomyces
knysnanus (incl. Strelitziomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Strelitzia alba, Talaromyces clemensii from rotting wood in
goldmine, Verrucocladosporium visseri on Carpobrotus edulis. Spain, Boletopsis mediterraneensis on soil, Calycina
cortegadensisi on a living twig of Castanea sativa, Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata in fluvial sediments, Mollisia cortegadensis on dead attached twig of Quercus robur, Psathyrella ovispora on soil, Pseudobeltrania lauri on leaf litter
of Laurus azorica, Terfezia dunensis in soil, Tuber lucentum in soil, Venturia submersa on submerged plant debris.
Thailand, Cordyceps jakajanicola on cicada nymph, Cordyceps kuiburiensis on spider, Distoseptispora caricis on
leaves of Carex sp., Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis on cicada nymph. USA, Cytosporella juncicola and Davidiellomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus effusus, Monochaetia massachusettsianum from air sample, Neohelicomyces
melaleucae and Periconia neobrittanica on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata, Pseudocamarosporium
eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Pseudogymnoascus lindneri from sediment in a mine, Pseudogymnoascus
turneri from sediment in a railroad tunnel, Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum on soil, Zygosporium pseudomasonii on
leaf of Serenoa repens. Vietnam, Boletus candidissimus and Veloporphyrellus vulpinus on soil. Morphological and
culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Article info Received: 1 September 2019; Accepted: 9 October 2019; Published: 18 December 2019.
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Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht,
The Netherlands.
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and
Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028,
Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of
the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, 39012 Santander, Spain.
Forest Health & Biosecurity, Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary
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Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de
Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid,
Spain.
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC),
113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong
Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries,
P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand.
Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Faculty of Biology, 119234,
1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia.
Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center,
Hanoi, Vietnam.
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 MiklouhoMaclay Str., 117198, Moscow, Russia.
Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072–970 Natal,
RN, Brazil.
CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France.
170 Live Oak Circle, Saint Marys, GA 31558, USA.
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Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str.,
Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof.
Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Biology, 205 East Campus Science Center, Lock Haven
University, Lock Haven, PA 17745 USA.
Department of Biology, 1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
Department of Plant Pathology & Florida Museum of Natural History, 2527
Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA.
Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and
Protection, P. Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa.
Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy
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Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193
Aveiro, Portugal.
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil and Faculdades
Integradas de Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.
Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Valparaíso, Unidad
de Fitopatología, Antonio Varas 120, Valparaíso, Código Postal 2360451,
Chile.
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia,
Brazil.
Laboratorio de Investigacion, San Vicente Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09,
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Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12; 37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain.
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CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK.
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State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 917002, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Biology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat
35, Ghent, Belgium.
Spreeuwenhoek 12, 1820 Steenokkerzeel, Belgium.
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Av. Belgrano 300, San Fernando
del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Micología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal,
CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000, Córdoba,
Argentina.
CAB International, UK Centre, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK.
Attaché honoraire au Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, 180
allée du Château, F-24660 Sanilhac, France.
Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France.
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Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse,
France.
Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Department of
National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phaholyothin Road,
Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
BioAsia Life Sciences Institute, 1938 Xinqun Rd, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200,
PR China.
All-Russian collection of microorganisms (VKM), IBPM RAS, prospect
Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
Department of Botany, University of Punjab, Quaid e Azam campus, Lahore
54590, Pakistan.
Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan.
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Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba
4350, Queensland, Australia.
Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology
of the CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská
2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Department of Plant Pathology, 2105 Miller Plant Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA.
P.O. Box 58499, 3734 Limassol, Cyprus.
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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey,
1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA.
Université de Lille, Faculté de pharmacie de Lille, EA 4483, F-59000 Lille,
France.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología,
Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Biology, Fresno State University, 2555 East San Ramon
Ave, Fresno CA 93740, USA.
Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian
Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1022, Herman Otto út 15, Hungary.
Biology and Geology Physics and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Rey
Juan Carlos university, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
Universidad de Valparaíso, Facultad de Medicina, Profesor Emérito Cátedra de Micología, Angámos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Código Postal
2540064, Chile.
Grupo Micológico Gallego, San Xurxo, A Laxe 12b, 36470, Salceda de
Caseleas, Spain.
Acknowledgements Gabriel Moreno and colleagues express their gratitude to Dr L. Monje and A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing and
Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá for their help in the digital
preparation of the photographs. Dr J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium,
assisted with the specimens examined in the present study, and members
of the Sociedad Micológica de Madrid provided many specimens included
in this study, as well as Patrick Chapon, André Dudoret, Véronique Dumas,
Geneviève Essertier, Jean-Luc Fasciotto, Jean-Marc Moingeon and Franck
Richard. Some of the DNA sequencing was performed by the Mycoseq
partnership between the Société Mycologique de France and the Centre
d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive of Montpellier. The study of E. Malysheva, V. Malysheva, O.V. Morozova and E.S. Popov was conducted as
part of a research project (no. АААА-А19-119020890079-6) of the Komarov
Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences using equipment of
its Core Facility Centre ‘Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant Science’.
The study of Alina V. Alexandrova was carried out with the support of the
RUDN University Program 5-100. Financial support was provided to Ana C.M.
Rodrigues by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel
(CAPES); thanks to the National Council for Scientific and Technological
Development (CNPq) for CNPq-Universal 2016 grant (409960/2016-0) and
for CNPq-Special Visiting Researcher grant (407474/2013-7). The study of
Desirrê A.L. Petters-Vandresen and colleagues was financed in part by the
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil
(CAPES) - Finance Code 001. CAPES also provided a master scholarship for
D.A.L. Petters-Vandresen at the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética
(Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR). Thanks are also given to the
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for
providing a research fellowship to Chirlei Glienke and Lygia V.G. Terasawa.
They also thank Vértika Agropecuária for providing the maize samples, as
well as technical and scientific support during the research. Daniel P. Bruschi,
Daiani C. Savi, Lucimeris Ruaro and Rodrigo Aluizio are also thanked for
suggestions and assistance. Ruane V.B. Araújo and colleagues thank the
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy of the Universidade Federal da Bahia
(LAMUME/UFBA) for their collaboration with Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Financial support was provided by the Universidade Federal da Bahia. Saúl
De la Peña-Lastra and Pablo Alvarado thank the Atlantic Islands National
Maritime-Terrestrial Park authorities and guards, especially Víctor R. Iglesias.
They also thank Enrique Rubio and Hans-Otto Baral for their help with the
identification, Enrique Rubio for the microscopy, and Óscar Requejo for
the assembly of photos. Carlos Gil-Durán received a doctoral fellowship,
CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/ 2014-63140056. Inmaculada Vaca
acknowledges the support of project INACH RG_15-14. Renato Chávez
acknowledges the support of DICYT-USACH and project INACH RG_03-14.
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de
Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE,
Brazil.
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences,
University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South
Africa.
Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling
Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida 32611-0680, USA.
Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
2 rue des Espics, F-17250 Soulignonne, France.
Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources
Canada, 506 Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa,
Santiago, Chile.
Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236
Uppsala, Sweden.
Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, plaza de Ramón y Cajal
s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Chillán, Unidad de
Fitopatología, Claudio Arrau 738, Chillán, Código Postal 3800773, Chile.
EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077,
USA.
Michael Loizides and colleagues thank Franck Richard for the habitat photo
at Pézilla-de-Conflent, Chenil Sauvage, and Dr Konstanze Bensch and
Dr Shaun Pennycook for advice on nomenclatural issues. Jennifer Luangsa-ard
and colleagues thank Prof. Morakot Tanticharoen, Dr Somvong Tragoonrung,
and the Platform Technology Management Section, National Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Grant No. P-19-50231
and CPMO Grant No. P15-51452 for their support of the program Biodiversity studies of entomopathogenic fungi in Thailand. They also thank Artit
Khonsanit for photos of the natural samples and Sarunyou Wongkanoun
for photos of the type locality. The study of Daniel Torres-Garcia and colleagues was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía,
Industria y Competitividad (grant CGL2017-88094-P). Lynn Delgat was
funded by a doctoral scholarship of the Special Research Fund (grant
BOFDOC2015007001). Jean Lodge’s research was supported by a National
Science Foundation Biotic Surveys and Inventories Grant (DEB-9525902) to
the Research Foundation of SUNY Cortland in a joint venture agreement with
the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, and the Conservation
Agency and Falconwood Foundation for food, housing and local transportation on Guana Island. Mélanie Roy is thanked for sequencing, which was
funded by the Laboratoire d’Excellence CEBA (ANR-10-LABX-25-01). The
research of Cobus M. Visagie was supported by a grant from the NRF-FBIP
Program (grant nr FBIS170605237212). Abigail E. Rea and colleagues
acknowledge the National Fish & Wildlife Foundation, the Pennsylvania
Game Commission, Lock Haven University, Temple University, as well
as Dr. Joseph Calabrese, Natasha Ortiz, Jacob Adam, Kayla Riehle and
Eric Shuffelbottom. Antonio Rodríguez and colleagues are grateful to AEI/
FEDER, UE (CGL2016-78946-R) and Fundación Séneca-Agencia de
Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (20866/PI/18) for financial
support. Juan Julián Bordallo thanks Asunción Morte (Universidad de Murcia,
Spain) for assistance (projects CGL2016-78946-R and 20866/PI/18). The
study of Isabel Iturrieta-González and colleagues was partially supported
by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grant
CGL2017-88094-P). Nataliya E. Ivanushkina and colleagues acknowledge
Elizaveta Rivkina for the background photograph. Anastasiya Danilogorskaya
and Irina Pinchuk are thanked for assisting with the molecular analyses,
and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-04-01347-a) is
acknowledged for funding. Fang Liu acknowledges the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (NSFC31770009) for financial support. The
research of Slavomír Adamčík, Miroslav Caboň and Munazza Kiran was
funded by the National project APVV 15-0210; the study was prepared during
the fellowship of Munazza Kiran at the Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre
of the Slovak Academy of Sciences awarded by the National Scholarship
Program of the Slovak Republic.
226
Geastraceae
Geastrales
Bankeraceae
Thelephorales
Clavulinaceae
Russulaceae
Russulales
Candida broadrunensis KY106372.1
Sistotrema coroniferum AM259215.1
0.89
Sistotrema brinkmannii JX535083.1
Membranomyces spurius KF218966.1
0.98
Sistotrema pistilliferum KF218964.1
Clavulina amazonensis KT724123.1
Clavulina cinerea EU118616.1
Clavulina cristata AY586648.1
Clavulina iris sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1007
Boletopsis grisea MN535642
Boletopsis mediterraneensis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1001
Boletopsis leucomelaena MN535638
Sarcodon joeides MK602751.1
Sarcodon leucopus MK602756.1
0.90
Sarcodon quercinofibulatus MK602773.1
Sarcodon imbricatus AF518646.1
Sarcodon squamosus MK602769.1
Geastrum fornicatum DQ218601.1
Geastrum rusticum NG_060634.1
Geastrum hirsutum JQ683662.1
Geastrum rubellum MH635031.1
1
Geastrum velutinum KF988582.1
Geastrum echinulatum JQ683659.1
Geastrum lanuginosum sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1013
Geastrum meridionale KF988540.1
Geastrum pectinatum KP687481.1
MK732526.1
MK732527.1 Geastrum wrightii sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1014
MK732528.1
Geastrum striatum JN939559.1
Geastrum glaucescens KF988501.1
Geastrum parvistriatum JN939560.1
Geastrum papinuttii KF988502.1
Russula nympharum MN518353.1
Russula maculata MN518352.1
Russula mansehraensis MN518354.1
Russula globispora MN518361.1
Russula globispora MN518362.1
Russula abbottabadensis MN518355.1
0.99
Russula abbottabadensis MN518356.1
0.89
MN513043.1
Russula quercus-floribundae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1030
MN513044.1
0.99
Russula dryadicola MN518357.1
0.86 Russula dryadicola MN518358.1
Russula tengii MN518359.1
0.98
Russula tengii MN518360.1
Cantharellales
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
0.1
Overview Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) phylogeny – part 1
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 3 602 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (115 sequences including outgroup;
764 aligned positions; 427 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
0.1
Overview Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) phylogeny (cont.) – part 2
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Boletaceae
Hygrophoraceae
Pluteaceae
Agaricaceae
Psathyrellaceae
Agaricales
Caloboletus peckii MH220330.1
Boletus torosus DQ534661.1
Rubroboletus rhodosanguineus KF030252.1
0.93
Rubroboletus eastwoodiae MH203877.1
Rubroboletus satanas AF071528.1
Austroboletus gracilis EU522815.1
MN511170.1
Veloporphyrellus vulpinus sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1039
MN511171.1
Veloporphyrellus conicus JX984545.1
Fistulinella prunicolor JX889648.1
Boletus edulis AF456816.1
Lanmaoa pseudosensibilis MH244211.1
Lanmaoa pseudosensibilis MH215440.1
Boletus candidissimus sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1002
Tylopilus rhoadsiae AY612836.1
Xerocomus fennicus AF514820.1
Xerocomus ripariellus AF514818.1
Boletellus sinapipes KP327668.1
Boletellus sinapipes KP327647.1
0.97
Pulchroboletus rubricitrinus MG026638.1
Pulchroboletus roseoalbidus NG_060126.1
Aureoboletus innixus KF030240.1
Aureoboletus thibetanus KJ907381.1
Aureoboletus projectellus NG_027638.1
Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1029
Boletus smithii KF030244.1
Gastroboletus vividus KF030245.1
Chromosera citrinopallida KF291073.1
Gloioxanthomyces nitidus MG712282.1
Chromosera ambigua sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1005
Chromosera cyanophylla AF261455.1
Pluteus stenotrichus MK278517.1
Pluteus multiformis MK278503.1
Pluteus podospileus HM562228.1
0.92
Pluteus ephebeus MK278497.1
Pluteus fluminensis FJ816650.1
Pluteus eludens HM562240.1
Pluteus cinereofuscus MK278491.1
LE 312869
Pluteus spurius sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1024
LE 312866
Pluteus liliputianus sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1023
Pluteus umbrosus HM562232.1
Pluteus conizatus MK278492.1
Pluteus leoninus MK278501.1
Bovista furfuracea DQ112622.1
Bovista nigrescens DQ071709.2
Handkea utriformis DQ112607.1
Handkea utriformis MH872601.1
Lycoperdon decipiens DQ112583.1
0.86
Lycoperdon niveum DQ112599.1
Lycoperdon molle MH878270.1
Bovista psammophila sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1003
Lycoperdon perlatum KU507402.1
Lycoperdon norvegicum DQ112631.1
Psathyrella stridvallii KC992926.1
0.93
Psathyrella pygmaea DQ389718.1
Psathyrella olympiana DQ389722.1
Psathyrella pivae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1026
Psathyrella cystidiosa DQ986226.1
Psathyrella panaeoloides DQ389719.1
Psathyrella rybergii KC992893.1
Psathyrella melleipallida DQ986272.1
Psathyrella coprophila NG_064095.1
Psathyrella panaeoloides KC992894.1
Psathyrella panaeoloides MH155958.1
Psathyrella ovispora sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1025
0.99 Psathyrella tephrophylla AY207293.1
0.95 Psathyrella fusca KC992892.1
Psathyrella abieticola KC992891.1
Boletales
227
Fungal Planet description sheets
228
Microthyriaceae
Venturiales
Sympoventuriaceae
Tubeufiaceae
Tubeufiales
Venturiaceae s.str.
Phyllostictaceae
Botryosphaeriales
Candida broadrunensis KY106372.1
Microthyrium quercus KY911453.1
Microthyrium propagulensis NG_060339.1
Spirosphaera beverwijkiana MH870500.1
Microthyrium microscopicum GU301846.1
Anungitopsis speciosa EU035401.1
Neoanungitea eucalyptorum sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 953
0.86
Neoanungitea eucalypti MG386031.2
Tumidispora shoreae KT314074.1
Pseudopenidiella piceae NG_042681.1
CPC 37092
Pseudopenidiella podocarpi sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 986
CPC 37094
Heliocephala natarajanii HQ333480.1
Heliocephala zimbabweensis HQ333481.1
0.90
0.98
Heliocephala elegans HQ333478.1
Heliocephala gracilis HQ333479.1
Ochroconis podocarpi NG_058505.1
Ochroconis humicola AB564618.1
0.91
Ochroconis constricta MH869616.1
Ochroconis robusta NG_058141.1
Scolecobasidium podocarpicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 984
0.97
Ochroconis sexualis NG_060299.1
Ochroconis gamsii NG_057992.1
0.86
Scolecobasidium blechni sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 981
0.99
Ochroconis macrozamiae KF156152.1
Fusicladium mandshuricum EU035433.1
Venturia inaequalis GU456336.1
Venturia carpophila EU035426.1
Venturia cerasi EU035452.1
Venturia lonicerae EU035461.1
Venturia polygoni-vivipari EU035466.1
Venturia viennotii EU035476.1
Helicoon myosuroides MH874233.1
Protoventuria alpina EU035446.1
Protoventuria major JQ036233.1
Fusicladium fagi EU035431.1
0.88
Venturia submersa sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1040
Protoventuria barriae JQ036232.1
0.90
Helicodendron coniferarum MH874235.1
Magnohelicospora fuscospora MH868144.1
Venturia hanliniana AF050290.1
Venturia hystrioides EU035459.1
0.94
Neohelicosporium fusisporum MK347997.1
Pseudohelicomyces talbotii MK347928.1
Pseudohelicomyces quercus MK347934.1
Pseudohelicomyces aquaticus MK347961.1
Helicomyces roseus KY320543.1
0.95
Neohelicomyces melaleucae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 998
Tubeufia helicomyces MH868562.1
0.93
Helicosporium pallidum MH871276.1
Neohelicomyces pandanicola MH260307.1
0.99 Helicosporium lumbricoides MH868379.1
Neohelicomyces deschampsiae MK442538.1
Neohelicomyces aquaticus NG_059772.1
Phyllosticta encephalarticola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 955
Phyllosticta podocarpi KF766383.1
Phyllosticta austroafricana MK442549.1
Phyllosticta hagahagaensis MK442550.1
Phyllosticta carissicola KT950863.1
Phyllosticta ericarum NG_042678.1
Phyllosticta hymenocallidicola NG_057947.1
Microthyriales
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
0.1
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny – part 1
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 80 252 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (284 sequences including outgroup; 797 aligned positions; 431 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown
at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
229
Fungal Planet description sheets
0.97
0.99
0.95
0.91
0.96
0.95
0.1
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny (cont.) – part 2
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Teratosphaeriaceae
Neodevriesiaceae
Cladosporiaceae
Capnodiales
0.93
Penidiella columbiana NG_057774.1
Xenophacidiella pseudocatenata NG_057908.1
Phaeothecoidea melaleuca HQ599595.1
Camarosporula persooniae JF770460.1
Xenoconiothyrium catenata JN712570.1
Teratosphaeria corymbiicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 968
Teratosphaeria complicata MH874961.1
Teratosphaeria biformis NG_064216.1
Teratosphaeria hortaea MH874881.1
Teratosphaeria zuluensis EU019296.1
Teratosphaeria mareebensis JF951169.1
Teratosphaeria rubida MH874907.1
Teratosphaeria pseudocryptica KF442547.1
Teratosphaeria gracilis MK047506.1
Teratosphaeria profusa FJ493220.1
Neophaeothecoidea proteae MH874518.1
“Devriesia” sp. MF319662.1
Parapenidiella tasmaniensis GU214452.1
Parapenidiella pseudotasmaniensis MH874943.1
Apenidiella antarctica sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1041
Apenidiella strumelloidea EU019277.1
Microcyclospora pomicola NG_064231.1
Microcyclospora quercina GU214681.1
Microcyclospora malicola NG_064230.1
Microcyclospora tardicrescens NG_064232.1
Neodevriesia coccolobae MK047483.1
CPC 37387
Neodevriesia strelitziicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 989
CPC 37388
1
Neodevriesia imbrexigena JX915749.1
Neodevriesia sexualis MK876439.1
Neodevriesia cycadicola MK876438.1
Neodevriesia knoxdaviesii MH874778.1
Neodevriesia shakazului NG 042753.1
Neodevriesia sp. GQ852622.2
Neodevriesia queenslandica MH876827.1
Neodevriesia hilliana GU214414.1
Neodevriesia agapanthi NG_042688.1
Neodevriesia xanthorrhoeae HQ599606.1
Graphiopsis chlorocephala MH874669.1
Rachicladosporium cboliae NG_057851.1
Rachicladosporium corymbiae MK047503.1
Rachicladosporium pini MH876826.1
Rachicladosporium luculiae EU040237.1
Trimmatostroma salinum NG_064176.1
Verrucocladosporium visseri sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 966
Verrucocladosporium dirinae KP671739.1
Davidiellomyces juncicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 996
Davidiellomyces australiensis NG_059164.1
Neocladosporium leucadendri NG_057949.1
Cladosporium fildesense sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1006
Cladosporium iridis MH866199.1
Cladosporium variabile MH874683.1
Cladosporium cladosporioides MH868815.1
Cladosporium ramotenellum MH874679.1
Cladosporium herbarum MH876581.1
Cladosporium phlei MH877726.1
Cladosporium tenellum MH874682.1
230
0.88
0.99
Phaeothecoidiella illinoisensis GU117901.1
Phaeothecoidiella missouriensis MH874962.1
Exopassalora zambiae MH874479.1
Stomiopeltis sp. JX042483.1
Stomiopeltis syzygii sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 967
Stomiopeltis sinensis MK348018.1
0.98
Chaetothyrina artocarpi MF614834.1
Repetophragma zygopetali NG_060158.1
0.97
Chaetothyrina musarum KU710171.1
Chaetothyrina guttulata NG_058932.1
Ramularia lethalis KX287174.1
Ramularia endophylla KF251723.1
Ramularia tovarae KJ504764.1
Ramularia helminthiae KX287183.1
0.96
Ramularia stellariicola GU214693.1
0.95
Ramularia acris KX287010.1
Hippopotamyces phragmitis gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 970
Paramycosphaerella wachendorfiae MH876909.1
Paramycosphaerella blechni NG_059580.1
Mycosphaerelloides madeirae KX286990.1
Paramycosphaerella parkii DQ246245.1
Paramycosphaerella brachystegiae NG_058048.1
Paramycosphaerella marksii GU214447.1
Paramycosphaerella watsoniae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 990
Paramycosphaerella dicranopteridis-flexuosae NG_059577.1
Sonderhenia eucalyptorum DQ923536.1
Sonderhenia eucalypticola GU214500.1
Neokirramyces syzygii gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 963
Stigmina palmivora KF656785.1
Pallidocercospora irregulariramosa GU214441.1
Pallidocercospora acaciigena GU253697.1
Pallidocercospora holualoana JF770467.1
Pallidocercospora crystallina KP895884.1
Pseudocercospora eucalyptorum MH874523.1
Pseudocercospora norchiensis GU253780.1
Pseudocercospora nogalesii JQ324960.1
Pseudocercospora rhododendri-indici JQ324965.1
Pseudocercospora udagawana MH877467.1
Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 995
Pseudocercospora tamarindi KP744506.1
Pseudocercospora punctata GU214407.1
0.1
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny (cont.) – part 3
Mycosphaerellaceae
Capnodiales (continued)
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
231
Fungal Planet description sheets
0.97
0.96
0.99
0.91
0.98
0.89
0.96
0.90
0.1
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny (cont.) – part 4
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Sporormiaceae
Amorosiaceae
Thyridariaceae
Periconiaceae
Pleosporales
0.90
Preussia longisporopsis GQ203742.1
CPC 35998
Neothyrostroma encephalarti gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 958
CPC 35999
Alfoldia vorosii MK589355.1
Amorocoelophoma cassiae MK347956.1
Podocarpomyces knysnanus gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 999
Angustimassarina arezzoensis KY496722.1
Angustimassarina populi MF409166.1
Angustimassarina lonicerae KY496724.1
Angustimassarina italica KY496736.1
Angustimassarina rosarum MG828985.1
Angustimassarina premilcurensis KY496725.1
Angustimassarina coryli MF167432.1
Angustimassarina quercicola MG828984.1
Neoconiothyrium rosae MG829032.1
Periconia cookei MH878366.1
Sporidesmium tengii DQ408559.1
Periconia cyperacearum NG_064549.1
Periconia neobrittanica sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 993
Noosia banksiae NG_064279.1
Flavomyces fulophazii NG_058131.1
Periconia macrospinosa KP184038.1
Periconia pseudodigitata NG_059396.1
0.99
Periconia digitata AB807561.1
0.98
Periconia delonicis MK347941.1
0.99
Periconia atra MH878374.1
Alloconiothyrium aptrootii JX496235.1
Alloconiothyrium encephalarti sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 956
Coniothyrium nitidae EU552112.1
Dendrothyrium variisporum JX496143.1
Dendrothyrium longisporum JX496228.1
Paraconiothyrium fuscomaculans MH866170.1
Coniothyrium palmicola JX681086.1
Paraconiothyrium fuscomaculans EU754197.1
Kalmusia variispora MK138784.1
Kalmusia italica KP325441.1
Kalmusia spartii KP744487.1
Paraconiothyrium fuckelii LN907406.1
Microsphaeropsis arundinis JX496123.1
Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides LN907490.1
Paraconiothyrium maculicutis EU754200.1
Paraconiothyrium estuarinum MF374466.1
Paraconiothyrium archidendri NG_057964.1
Paraconiothyrium sp. LN907506.1
Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa JX496169.1
Curreya pityophila JX681087.1
Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta JX496190.1
Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa MH872666.1
Paracamarosporium hawaiiense DQ885897.1
Pseudocamarosporium brabeji EU552105.1
Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 994
Paracamarosporium hawaiiense JX496140.1
Pseudocamarosporium propinquum MG812621.1
Pseudocamarosporium pteleae MG829061.1
Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris MG829062.1
Pseudocamarosporium cotinae KY098790.1
Paracamarosporium fagi KY929183.1
Pseudocamarosporium piceae KJ803030.1
Pseudocamarosporium corni KJ813279.1
Pseudocamarosporium propinquum KJ813280.1
Paracamarosporium psoraleae KF777199.1
Didymosphaeriaceae
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0.1
Overview Dothideomycetes phylogeny (cont.) – part 5
Cucurbitariaceae
Pseudopyrenochaetaceae
Didymellaceae
Coniothyriaceae
Libertasomycetaceae
Phaeosphaeriaceae
Pleosporales (continued)
Parafenestella pittospori sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 952
Parafenestella germanica MK356305.1
Parafenestella rosacearum MK356315.1
Parafenestella tetratrupha MK356319.1
Protofenestella ulmi MK418783.1
Parafenestella parasalicum MK356306.1
Parafenestella salicum MK356318.1
Neocucurbitaria keratinophila LT623215.1
0.91
Dendrophoma faginea MH867278.1
Phialophorophoma litoralis MH876649.1
Neocucurbitaria juglandicola MK356301.1
Synfenestella pyri MK356321.1
Synfenestella sorbi MK356325.1
0.97
Parafenestella pseudosalicis MK356307.1
Parafenestella salicis MK356317.1
Parafenestella vindobonensis MK356320.1
Pseudopyrenochaeta terrestris NG_063947.1
Pseudopyrenochaeta lycopersici NG_057799.1
Allophoma labilis GU238091.1
Nothophoma quercina KU973727.1
Stagonosporopsis caricae GU238175.1
Remotididymella destructiva GU238062.1
Ectophoma pomi GU238128.1
Allophoma zantedeschiae KX033402.1
Phoma insulana GU238090.1
Ectophoma multirostrata GU238110.1
Stagonosporopsis vannaccii sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1033
Allophoma minor GU238106.1
Allophoma nicaraguensis GU238058.1
Coniothyrium telephii GQ387599.1
Ochrocladosporium frigidarii NG_064123.1
0.95
Neoconiothyrium persooniae NG_058509.1
0.96
Helicoceras oryzae MH866632.1
0.95
Neoconiothyrium viticola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 971
Herpotrichia parasitica MH872449.1
Leptosphaerulina nitida MH873454.1
Foliophoma fallens GU238074.1
0.90
Dimorphosporicola tragani KU728536.1
CPC 35988
Neoplatysporoides aloes sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 961
CPC 36060
0.91
CPC 36068
Neoplatysporoides aloeicola MH878657.1
0.95
Didymocyrtis cladoniicola LN907456.1
Phaeosphaeria sowerbyi MH873687.1
Phyllostachys heteroclada MH368080.1
0.90
Wojnowiciella dactylidis LT990633.1
0.96
Wojnowicia rosicola MG829091.1
0.96
Phaeosphaeria fuckelii MH873665.1
Septoriella hirta MH878404.1
Loratospora aestuarii MH874575.1
0.99
Phoma haematocycla GU238080.1
Phaeosphaeria caricicola MH877523.1
Populocrescentia forlicesenensis KT306952.1
Leptospora rubella MH872781.1
Phaeosphaeriopsis obtusispora JX681119.1
Leptospora hydei MK522497.1
Phaeosphaeria sinensis MN173210.1
Phaeosphaeria fusispora KU746743.1
0.87
Edenia gomezpompae NG_059202.1
Tzeanania taiwanensis MH461121.1
Setophoma caverna sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1031
0.89
Setophoma sacchari NG_057837.1
0.99
Setophoma chromolaenae KF251747.1
0.98
Setophoma vernoniae KJ869198.1
Eurotiales
Onygenales
Candida broadrunensis KY106372.1
Talaromyces purpureus MH871993.1
Talaromyces minioluteus MH873419.1
Talaromyces atroroseus MH867942.1
Trichomeriaceae
Talaromyces clemensii sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1034
0.97
Talaromyces diversus MH997852.1
0.91
Talaromyces verruculosus MH876668.1
Penicillium fagi NG_064112.1
0.96
Penicillium herquei MH875690.1
0.97
Penicillium malachiteum FJ358281.1
Penicillium adametzii NG_063970
0.97
Penicillium gerundense MH873084.1
Aspergillaceae
Penicillium cuddlyae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1021
0.98
Penicillium chermesinum MH873092.1
Penicillium infrapurpureum MK598746.1
0.99
Penicillium lunae MK598746.1
Emmonsia crescens KT155276.1
Emergomyces pasteurianus KT154983.1
Emergomyces africanus KY195968.1
0.98
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis KT155229.1
Ajellomycetaceae
Paracoccidioides lutzii XR_001551846.1
Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1011
Emmonsiella sp. KP101583.1
0.95
Blastomyces parvus KT155190.1
Lasallia pustulata AY300839.1
Muellerella erratica MN241079.1
0.96
Herpotrichiellaceae
Pleostigma jungermannicola EU940119.1
Sorocybe resinae EU030277.1
0.94
Sorocybe oblongispora sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1032
Cyphellophora goniomatis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 980
Cyphellophora guyanensis MH876666.1
Cyphellophora eucalypti KC455254.1
Exophiala spinifera KF928540.1
Cyphellophoraceae
Cyphellophora artocarpi KP122930.1
Cyphellophora musae KP122932.1
Phialophora intermedia JQ766480.1
Cyphellophora europaea KC455259.1
Trichomerium dioscoreae NG_058126.1
Trichomerium deniquelatum NG_059479.1
0.98
Trichomerium foliicola JX313659.1
0.97
Trichomerium eucalypti NG_058525.1
Knufia cryptophialidica JN040500.1
Trichomeriaceae
Chaetothyriales sp. KF614886.1
Lithohypha aloicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 957
Bradymyces sp. KP174952.1
Lithohypha guttulata KR781056.1
Exophiala eucalyptorum NG_060793.1
0.94
VIC 47212
0.98
Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1017
VIC 47215
Vonarxia vagans NG_057821.1
Phaeosaccardinula dendrocalami NG_060116.1
Phaeosaccardinula ficus NG_059455.1
Chaetothyriaceae
Ceramothyrium podocarpi NG_042751.1
Ceramothyrium longivolcaniforme NG_058904.1
Ceramothyrium ficus NG_058927.1
Ceramothyrium thailandicum NG_058817.1
Ceramothyrium podocarpicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 985
Ceramothyrium carniolicum KC455251.1
Ceramothyrium linnaeae MH874144.1
233
Chaetothyriales
Fungal Planet description sheets
0.05
Overview Eurotiomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 9 002 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (59 sequences including outgroup;
796 aligned positions; 308 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Candida broadrunensis (GenBank KY106372.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pilidium pseudoconcavum NG_058050.1
Taitaia aurea NG_060021.1
Gomphillaceae Graphidales
Cytosporella juncicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 997
Cytosporella chamaeropis MH871929.1
Spermospora avenae MH878416.1
0.87
Acarosporaceae
Neoacrodontiella eucalypti MK876437.1
Umbilicaria indica JQ739992.1
Umbilicariaceae Umbilicariales
Carestiella socia AY661682.1
Phacidiella podocarpi NG_058118.1
Stictidaceae
Ostropales
Hormodochis aggregata MN317277.1
Pezizaceae
Pezizales
Trullula melanochlora KP004487.1
Conotrema populorum AY300833.1
Lecanoromycetes
Corticifraga peltigerae KY661661.1
Acarosporales
0.91
Neofitzroyomyces nerii MK047504.1
Terfezia arenaria HQ698054.1
Terfezia boudieri MF940209.1
Terfezia crassiverrucosa NG_060027.1
Terfezia crassiverrucosa MF940232.1
Terfezia alsheikhii NG_042571.1
Terfezia eliocrocae MF940231.1
Terfezia leptoderma JQ045379.1
Terfezia leptoderma HQ698057.1
0.92
Pezizomycetes
Terfezia claveryi HQ698055.1
Terfezia dunensis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1036
Terfezia olbiensis MF940234.1
0.1
Terfezia aff. olbiensis HQ698064.1
Overview Lecanoromycetes and Pezizomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 3 002 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (26 sequences including outgroup;
760 aligned positions; 264 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families, orders and classes are indicated
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Pilidium pseudoconcavum (GenBank NG_058050.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are
indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
235
Fungal Planet description sheets
Terfezia alsheikhii NG_042571.1
Parauncinula polyspora AB022420.1
Erysiphe heraclei AB022391.1
0.95
0.95
Erysiphe glycines AB022397.1
Arthrocladiella mougeotii AB022379.1
Erysiphaceae
Golovinomyces circumfusus AB022360.1
Erysiphales
Microidium phyllanthi AB120755.1
0.99
Golovinomyces glandulariae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1015
Golovinomyces magnicellulatus AB769442.1
Lareunionomyces eucalypti NG_064545.1
0.97
Lareunionomyces loeiensis NG_066430.1
Lareunionomyces eucalypticola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 964
Lareunionomyces syzygii NG_058244.1
Neolauriomyces eucalypti MH327841.1
Neolauriomycetaceae
Neolauriomyces eucalypti MH327842.1
Exochalara longissima HQ609476.1
Exochalara longissima HQ609477.1
Bloxamia truncata MH877215.1
0.85
Calycina alstrupii KY305097.1
Calycina alstrupii KY305098.1
Chalara fungorum FJ176252.1
0.85
Graphilbum pleomorphum MH873616.1
Pezizellaceae
Chalara eucalypticola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 962
0.92
Calycina cortegadensis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1004
Helotiales
Graphilbum pleomorphum MH873617.1
0.91
Chalara crassipes FJ176254.1
Chalara parvispora FJ176253.1
Chalara parvispora FJ176253.1
0.87
Trimmatostroma betulinum MH872592.1
Mollisia cortegadensis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1019
Neopyrenopeziza nigripigmentata NG_066459.1
Patellariopsis dennisii MK120898.1
Acidomelania panicicola NG_064288.1
Rutstroemia jasminicola MH867812.1
Mollisiaceae
Rhizosphaera pini MH866377.1
0.85
Hymenoscyphus vitellinus MH866283.1
Mollisia fusca MH867987.1
Mollisia cinerea MH876343.1
Pilidium acerinum NG_057725.1
Pilidium eucalyptorum NG_059618.1
Pilidium pseudoconcavum NG_058050.1
Discohainesia oenotherae MH869490.1
Pilidium concavum AY487095.1
0.99
Chaetomellaceae
Chaetomellales
Pilidium anglicum NG_058522.1
Pilidium novae-zelandiae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 954
Pilidium concavum KF255414.1
Hainesia lythri MH876652.1
0.1
Overview Leotiomycetes phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 3 752 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (47 sequences including outgroup;
752 aligned positions; 199 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to Terfezia
alsheikhii (GenBank NG_042571.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated in bold
face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Saccharata proteae EU552145.1
Ophiocordyceps sobolifera AB968422.1
Ophiocordyceps sobolifera EF468828.1
Ophiocordyceps longissima EF468817.1
Ophiocordyceps longissima AB968420.1
Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila MH028159.1
Ophiocordycipitaceae
Ophiocordyceps tricentri AB968423.1
Ophiocordyceps irangiensis AF327389.1
Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala JN941445.1
Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala AF327390.1
Trichoderma koningii AF399239.1
Trichoderma strigosum MH398565.1
Trichoderma aestuarinum sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1037
Trichoderma viride AY489726.1
Trichoderma viridescens HM535608.1
0.98
Hypocreaceae
Hypocreales
Trichoderma reesei MF780714.1
Trichoderma hamatum HM466686.1
0.99 0.95
Trichoderma asperellum MF780711.1
Trichoderma asperellum MG675227.1
Cordyceps rosea MF416536.1
0.89
Cordyceps kyusyuensis EF468813.1
Cordyceps militaris AY184966.1
BCC90322
Cordyceps kuiburiensis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1010
BCC90323
Cordyceps coleopterorum JF415988.1
0.98
Cordyceps bifusispora EF468806.1
Cordyceps bifusispora EF468807.1
Cordyceps blackwellii MF140701.1
Cordycipitaceae
Cordyceps blackwellii MF140702.1
BCC12807
0.90
BCC12839
Cordyceps jakajanicola sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1009
BCC79816
BCC79817
Cordyceps lepidopterorum MF140700.1
Cordyceps lepidopterorum MF140699.1
0.1
Overview Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 1 502 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (35 sequences including outgroup;
798 aligned positions; 242 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Saccharata proteae (GenBank EU552145.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
237
Fungal Planet description sheets
Cordyceps lepidopterorum MF140700.1
Phialoseptomonium eucalypti MK876443.1
Cylindromonium eugeniicola gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 987
Cylindromonium rhabdosporum HQ232120.1 comb. nov. - Fungal Planet 987
0.96
MH871536.1
0.83
MH871429.1
Cylindromonium lichenicola comb. nov. - Fungal Planet 987
MH871194.1
Sarcopodium circinatum KM231651.1
Sarcopodium flavolanatum AY281098.1
Sarcopodium flavolanatum HM042417.1
Sarcopodium flavolanatum KM231648.1
Sarcopodium flavolanatum MH876362.1
Fusarium awaxy sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1012
Fusarium verticillioides MH877883.1
Fusarium circinatum MH874260.1
Fusarium sacchari MH867395.1
Fusarium fujikuroi MH866503.1
Nectriaceae
Hypocreales
Fusarium oxysporum MH866620.1
Fusarium proliferatum MH877359.1
0.95
Fusarium bactridioides MH867139.1
Fusarium begoniae MH874266.1
Cylindrocladiella lanceolata MH876849.1
Cylindrocladiella parva AY793433.1
Cylindrocladiella stellenboschensis JN099185.1
Cylindrocladiella pseudoparva JN099192.1
0.99
Cylindrocladiella elegans JN099201.1
Cylindrocladiella kurandica MH876893.1
Cylindrocladiella cymbiformis JN099144.1
Cylindrocladiella variabilis JN099241.1
Cylindrocladiella postalofficium sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 992
0.01
Overview Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) phylogeny
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 2 252 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (30 sequences including outgroup;
778 aligned positions; 95 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. The family and order are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted
to Cordyceps lepidopterorum (GenBank MF140700.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are
indicated in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
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Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Saccharata proteae EU552145.1
Chaetosphaeria luquillensis AF466074.1
0.89
Chaetosphaeria minuta AF466075.1
Chaetosphaeria lateriphiala AF466071.1
Chaetosphaeria fuegiana EF063574.1
Chloridium botryoideum MH877338.1
Chaetosphaeria innumera AY017375.1
Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa AF466076.1
Chaetosphaeria pygmaea AF466077.1
Chaetosphaeriaceae
Pseudolachnea hispidula MG812626.1
Pseudolachnella botulispora AB934050.1
Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis NG_059807.1
Chaetosphaeriales
Chaetosphaeria callimorpha AF466062.1
Sporoschisma hemipsilum AY346292.1
Zignoella ovoidea AF064641.1
0.86
Menispora tortuosa MH869135.1
1
Zignoella pulviscula AF466091.1
Tracylla aristata NG_059699.1
Tracylla eucalypti MH327846.1
Tracylla eucalypti MH327847.1
Chaetomium thermophilum var. dissitum MF769373.1
0.99
Achaetomium luteum MH873360.1
Tracyllaceae
Tracyllales
ord. nov.
Fungal
Planet 976
Chaetosphaeria ciliata GU180637.1
Neotracylla pini gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 976
Chaetomiaceae
Helminthosphaeria hispidissima sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1016
Hilberina punctata MN447130.1
0.91
Ruzenia spermoides KF765618.1
0.96
Ruzenia spermoides AY436421.1
Helminthosphaeriaceae
Sordariales
Heminthosphaeria tomaculum KF765613.1
Helminthosphaeria cf. stuppea KF765611.1
Echinosphaeria canescens AY436404.1
Echinosphaeria canescens KF765605.1
Distoseptispora sp. MN163017.1
Distoseptisporaceae
Distoseptisporales
Vermiculariopsiellaceae
Vermiculariopsiellales
Distoseptispora sp. MN163023.1
Distoseptispora caricis sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 972
0.88
Ellisembia leonensis DQ408566.1
0.98
Distoseptispora dehongensis MK079662.1
Distoseptispora thysanolaenae MK064091.1
Distoseptispora submersa MG979768.1
Distoseptispora tectonigena NG_059144.1
0.88
0.93
Distoseptispora multiseptata MF077555.1
Distoseptispora phangngaensis MF077556.1
Dictyochaeta cylindrospora EF063575.1
Vermiculariopsiella lauracearum MK047487.1
0.99
Vermiculariopsiella pediculata MH877476.1
Vermiculariopsiella eucalypti KX228303.1
Vermiculariopsiella dunnii MK876452.1
Vermiculariopsiella hongkongensis MH260327.1
Vermiculariopsiella pini sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 975
Vermiculariopsiella acaciae KX228314.1
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali KJ869186.1
0.93
Vermiculariopsiella eucalypticola MG386123.1
0.94
Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali MH107969.1
Vermiculariopsiella immersa KJ476961.1
0.1
Overview other orders (Sordariomycetes) phylogeny – part 1
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 6 002 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (93 sequences including outgroup;
825 aligned positions; 405 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown at the
nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated with
coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted to
Saccharata proteae (GenBank EU552145.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
239
Fungal Planet description sheets
Glomerella miyabeana JN939918.1
Colletotrichum salicis MH876675.1
Colletotrichum rhombiforme MH877132.1
Colletotrichum arboricola MK014743.1
Glomerellaceae
Colletotrichum phormii MH877757.1
Colletotrichum roseum sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1008
Glomerellales
0.85
Glomerella fioriniae JN939914.1
Lectera philenopterae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 965
Lectera colletotrichoides LR025896.1
Lectera nordwiniana MK047512.1
0.96
Lectera longa LR025898.1
Lectera capsici NG_058474.1
Gibellulopsis nigrescens MH868464.1
Plectosphaerellaceae
Gibellulopsis piscis MH871786.1
0.91
0.98
Gliocladium cibotii MH867627.1
Plectosphaerella pauciseptata LR590476.1
Plectosphaerella cucumerina MH867359.1
Falcocladium multivesiculatum EU040217.2
Falcocladiaceae
Falcocladiales
Ceratostomataceae
Melanosporales
Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum EU040218.1
Falcocladium turbinatum NG_060392.1
Falcocladium africanum MK047471.1
Falcocladium thailandicum NG_057909.1
CPC 36046
CPC 38019
Falcocladium eucalypti sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 959
CPC 36050
0.98
Papulaspora pisicola MH866568.1
Melanospora fallax MH869625.1
Harzia macrospora KY628684.1
Harzia patula KY628690.1
Harzia palmara KY623400.1
Harzia cameroonensis MH877635.1
Harzia macrospora MH870687.1
Harzia verrucosa KY628675.1
Harzia acremonioides KY623406.1
Harzia verrucosa MH866261.1
Harzia metrosideri sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 988
Harzia patula KY628687.1
0.94
0.1
Harzia tenella KY628697.1
Harzia sphaerospora KT221062.1
Overview other orders (Sordariomycetes) phylogeny (cont.) – part 2
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
240
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
0.82
0.95
0.85
0.93
Xylariaceae
Graphostromataceae
Xylariales
0.99
Saccharata proteae EU552145.1
Anthostomelloides krabiensis KX305928.1
Anthostomella eucalyptorum DQ890026.1
Clypeosphaeria oleae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 977
Anthostomella brabeji EU552098.1
Xylaria longipes MH872351.1
Xylaria curta U47840.1
Xylaria bambusicola KU863148.1
Xylaria arbuscula MH875561.1
Anthostomella sp. KJ170229.1
Clypeosphaeria mamillana MH554225.1
Xylaria polymorpha KT281899.1
Xylaria enteroleuca MH876349.1
Xylaria eucalypti sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 974
Xylaria hypoxylon MK577428.1
Xylaria vaporaria MH867226.1
Xylaria badia MG980416.1
Xylaria acuta JQ862637.1
Collodiscula chiangraiensis MF614129.1
Rosellinia aquila KF719207.1
Rosellinia limonispora KF719211.1
0.94
Coniolariella macrothecia MH875219.1
Cryptostroma corticale MH868530.1
Graphostroma platystoma AY083827.1
Biscogniauxia petrensis KU746715.1
Biscogniauxia nummularia KT281894.1
Lopadostoma amoenum KC774569.1
Leptosillia pistaciae MH798901.1
Leptosillia mayteni sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 978
Leptosillia acerina MK527849.1
Leptosillia muelleri MK527858.1
Leptosillia slaptonensis MK527860.1
Leptosillia slaptonensis MK527862.1
Leptosillia wienkampii MK527865.1
Leptosillia macrospora MK527855.1
Gyrothrix verticiclada KC775723.1
Parapleurotheciopsis caespitosa MH874086.1
Pseudobeltrania lauri sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 951
Pseudobeltrania ocoteae KT950870.1
Porobeltraniella porosa KX519526.1
Beltraniella humicola MH870044.1
Hemibeltrania cinnamomi KX519523.1
Subsessila turbinata NG_059724.1
Beltrania rhombica MK442513.1
Beltrania sinensis MN077264.1
Leptosilliaceae
Beltraniaceae
0.1
Overview Xylariales (Sordariomycetes) phylogeny – part 1
Consensus phylogram (50 % majority rule) of 25 278 trees resulting from a Bayesian analysis of the LSU sequence alignment (117 sequences including outgroup; 899 aligned positions; 248 unique site patterns) using MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.84 are shown
at the nodes and thickened lines represent nodes with PP = 1.00. The scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Families and orders are indicated
with coloured blocks to the right of the tree. GenBank accession and/or Fungal Planet numbers are indicated behind the species names. The tree was rooted
to Saccharata proteae (GenBank EU552145.1) and the taxonomic novelties described in this study for which LSU sequence data were available are indicated
in bold face. The alignment and tree were deposited in TreeBASE (Submission ID S25229).
Fungal Planet description sheets
Oxydothis metroxylonis KY206764.1
Oxydothidaceae I
Oxydothis metroxylonicola KY206763.1
Oxydothis palmicola KY206765.1
Pseudotruncatella arezzoensis MG192317.1
Pseudotruncatellaceae
Oxydothis garethjonesii KY206762.1
Oxydothidaceae II
Strelitziomyces knysnanus gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 982
Anungitiomycetaceae fam. nov.
Nothoramichloridium perseae gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 969
Fungal Planet 969
0.91
Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis MK876415.1
Iodosphaeria tongrenensis KR095283.1
Repetophragma inflatum DQ408576.1
Pseudosporidesmiaceae
Pseudosporidesmium knawiae MH874823.1
0.85
Mirandina “breviphora” MH870839.1
Incertae sedis
Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 979
Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov. - Fungal Planet 979
Dactylella microaquatica MH869383.1
Incertae sedis
Pseudophloeospora
eucalypti HQ599593.1
Phlogicylindriaceae
0.94
Ascotricha funiculosa NG_064119.1
Atrotorquata spartii NG_057064.1
Ascotricha chartarum MH866301.1
0.97
Dicyma olivacea MH866600.1
Zygosporiaceae
Zygosporium pseudomasonii sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 991
0.99
Zygosporium masonii MH872493.1
Zygosporium mycophilum MH877824.1
0.95
Zygosporium pseudogibbum NG_063962.1
Virgaria nigra MH876180.1
Anthostomella conorum EU552099.1
CPC 37063
0.99
Gyrothrix oleae sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 983
CPC 37069
Torula ficus MH260322.1
0.99
Neoanthostomella viticola KX505958.1
CPC 35992
Incertae sedis
Gyrothrix eucalypti sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 960
0.97
CPC 36066
Circinotrichum papakurae KR611897.1
Ceratocladium microspermum MH875534.1
Circinotrichum cycadis NG_058880.1
Gyrothrix ramosa KC775722.1
Gyrothrix inops KC775721.1
0.92
Dactylaria monticola EU107289.1
Dactylaria fragilis EU107290.1
0.97
Incertae sedis
Dactylaria acaciae KY173493.1
Dactylaria sparsa EU107291.1
Arthrinium kogelbergense NG_042779.1
Arthrinium malaysianum NG_042780.1
0.89
Arthrinium thailandicum KU863134.1
Apiosporiaceae
0.96
Arthrinium thailandicum KU863133.1
Arthrinium italicum MK014847.1
0.95
0.90
Arthrinium arundinis MG980403.1
Immersidiscosia eucalypti KY825092.1
Discosia querci MG815830.1
Discosia brasiliensis KF827436.1
Discosia artocreas MH870425.1
Discosia fraxinea KF827439.1
0.89
Discosia neofraxinea NG_059127.1
Seiridium pseudocardinale KU848209.1
Seiridium phylicae NG_042759.1
Seiridium persooniae MG386086.1
Seiridium cupressi MH868398.1
Millesimomyces rhoicissi gen. et sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 1000
Seiridium podocarpi KJ869207.1
Seiridium cupressi DQ414532.1
Sporocadaceae
Seiridium rosarum MG829072.1
Seiridium cupressi AF382378.1
Nonappendiculata quercina NG_066213.1
Seiridium cardinale AF382377.1
Ciliochorella phanericola KX789681.1
Ciliochorella castaneae AB433277.1
Monochaetia monochaeta MH554276.1
Monochaetia saccardoi MH868891.1
Monochaetia massachusettsianum sp. nov. - Fungal Planet 973
Monochaetia kansensis DQ534035.1
Monochaetia ilexae MH554176.1
Monochaetia junipericola MH107947.1
Monochaetia monochaeta KF590148.1
241
0.1
Overview Xylariales (Sordariomycetes) phylogeny (cont.) – part 2
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Xylariales (continued)
0.93
242
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pseudobeltrania lauri
243
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 951 – 18 December 2019
Pseudobeltrania lauri Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Laurus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Setae erect, dark brown, thick-walled, 1– 4-septate, straight to
flexuous, tapering to and acute apex, 90–300 × 2–3 µm; basal
cell not lobed. Conidiophores erect, branched or not, medium
brown, smooth, 1–2-septate, 25–40 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous
cells terminal, medium brown, smooth, 7–17 × 4 – 6 µm, polyblastic, with several flat-tipped denticles, 1.5–2 µm; supporting
cells not seen. Conidia solitary, turbinate, pale brown, aseptate,
with indistinct median band of paler pigment, (20–)21–23(–27)
× (6–)7 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies spreading, with moderate
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, covering dish after
2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface dirty white, reverse cinnamon.
On PDA surface honey, reverse isabelline. On OA surface buff.
Typus. Spain, La Gomera, on leaf litter of Laurus azorica (Lauraceae),
1300 m alt., 30 Mar. 2017, A.L. van Iperen, HPC 2058 (holotype CBS
H-24151, culture ex-type CPC 33589 = CBS 146025, ITS, LSU and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562097.1, MN567605.1 and MN556828.1, MycoBank
MB832856).
Notes — Pseudobeltrania was recently treated by Rajeshkumar et al. (2016). Pseudobeltrania lauri is closely related to
P. ocoteae (conidia (21–)23 – 27(– 29) × (9 –)10(–11) μm), but
is distinct in having larger conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Subsessila turbinata (strain MFLUCC 15-0831,
GenBank NR_148122.1; Identities = 495/521 (95 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), Porobeltraniella porosa (strain NFCCI 3995, GenBank
KX519519.1; Identities = 531/559 (95 %), 5 gaps (0 %)),
and Pseudobeltrania ocoteae (strain CPC 26219, GenBank
NR_138416.1; Identities = 552/584 (95 %), 6 gaps (1 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Porobeltraniella
porosa (strain NFCCI 3996, GenBank KX519526.1; Identities
= 857/864 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Pseudobeltrania ocoteae
(strain CPC 26219, GenBank KT950870.1; Identities = 863/871
(99 %), no gaps), and Subsessila turbinata (strain MFLUCC
15-0831, GenBank NG_059724.1; Identities = 815/828 (98 %),
2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Subsessila turbinata (strain MFLUCC 15-0831,
GenBank KX762291.1; Identities = 422/435 (97 %), no gaps),
Neopestalotiopsis samarangensis (as Pestalotiopsis sp. SSNM2012c, strain SS010, GenBank JQ968611.1; Identities = 413/
428 (96 %), no gaps), and Pestalotiopsis portugalica (strain
LC4370, GenBank KX895226.1; Identities = 408/423 (96 %),
no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Laurus azorica trees in La Gomera. Setae, conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Arien L. van Iperen & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
244
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Parafenestella pittospori
245
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 952 – 18 December 2019
Parafenestella pittospori Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Pittosporum from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Cucurbitariaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, aggregated in clusters via a pale brown
stroma, globose, pale brown, 60 –120 µm diam, with papillate
neck and central ostiole, up to 20 µm diam; wall of 2 – 3 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores subcylindrical,
1–3-septate, branched or not, hyaline, smooth, up to 20 µm tall.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth,
4 – 6 × 2 µm. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical,
straight or slightly curved, apex obtuse, base truncate, (2.5–)3–
4(– 4.5) × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, surface
folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
smoke grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and
reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface iron-grey.
Typus. new Zealand, Auckland, Rotorua, leaf spots on Pittosporum tenuifolium (Pittosporaceae), 25 Aug. 2017, R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-24152,
culture ex-type T17_03008A = CPC 34462 = CBS 146026, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank MN562098.1 and MN567606.1, MycoBank MB832857).
Notes — Parafenestella was recently treated (Jaklitsch et al.
2018, Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018, Crous et al. 2019b), and
shown to have phoma-like asexual morphs. Within the genus
Parafenestella, P. pittospori is phylogenetically distinct from
other species known from DNA sequence data.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Ochrocladosporium elatum (strain 17C006,
GenBank MH734786.1; Identities = 421/437 (96 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), Neocucurbitaria vachelliae (strain CBS 142397, GenBank NR_156363.1; Identities = 412/428 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)),
and Ochrocladosporium frigidarii (strain CZ549, GenBank
FJ755255.1; Identities = 406/423 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Closest
hits using the LSU sequence are Parafenestella tetratrupha
(strain C304, GenBank MK356319.1; Identities = 900/906
(99 %), no gaps), Parafenestella salicum (strain C311, GenBank
MK356318.1; Identities = 900/906 (99 %), no gaps), and Parafenestella rosacearum (strain C320, GenBank MK356315.1;
Identities = 900/906 (99 %), no gaps), as well as species of
Neocucurbitaria, such as Neocucurbitaria unguis-hominis (strain
CNM-CM 8717, GenBank LT966028.1; Identities = 881/887
(99 %), no gaps) and Neocucurbitaria keratinophila (strain CBS
121759, GenBank LT623215.1; Identities = 884/891 (99 %),
no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Pittosporum hedge Parafenestella pittospori was isolated from. Conidiomata on synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiomatal ostiole
and wall; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 120 µm (conidiomata),
20 µm (ostiole), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries,
P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
246
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neoanungitea eucalyptorum
247
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 953 – 18 December 2019
Neoanungitea eucalyptorum Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Microthyriaceae, Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of brown, smooth to warty, 2.5–3 µm diam
hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic. Microconidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous loci on hyphae, subcylindrical to doliiform with
truncate apex, 5 –10 × 5 – 6 µm. Macroconidiophores erect,
subcylindrical, flexuous, dark brown, thick-walled, multiseptate,
up to 200 µm tall, 4 –7 µm wide, arising from superficial to immersed hyphae. Conidiogenous cells terminal, subcylindrical,
dark brown, 15 – 25 × 5 –7 µm; proliferating sympodially with
subdenticulate scars, 2 µm diam, not thickened nor darkened.
Conidia occurring in unbranched chains, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex
subobtuse, base truncate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam, brown, smooth,
guttulate, 3-septate, (17–)20 – 23(– 25) × (3–)4 – 5(– 6) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and feathery, lobate margin, reaching
10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
sepia, reverse brown vinaceous.
Notes — Neoanungitea eucalyptorum is closely related
to N. eucalypti (conidia (0 –)3-septate, (13 –)15 –17(– 22) ×
(3.5 –)4 – 5 μm) described from leaves of Eucalyptus obliqua
collected in Australia (Crous et al. 2017a). The two species can
be distinguished in that N. eucalyptorum has longer conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Neoanungitea eucalypti (strain CBS 143173,
GenBank NR_156383.1; Identities = 477/526 (91 %), 18 gaps
(3 %)), Anungitopsis speciosa (strain CBS 181.95, GenBank
EU035401.1; Identities = 387/467 (83 %), 26 gaps (5 %)), and
Anungitopsis lauri (strain CBS 145067, GenBank NR_161129.1;
Identities = 414/507 (82 %), 30 gaps (5 %)). Closest hits
using the LSU sequence are Anungitopsis speciosa (strain CBS
181.95, GenBank EU035401.1; Identities = 763/790 (97 %), no
gaps), Spirosphaera beverwijkiana (strain CBS 470.66, GenBank MH870500.1; Identities = 727/796 (91 %), 8 gaps (1 %)),
and Microthyrium quercus (strain HKAS 92487, GenBank
KY911453.1; Identities = 726/795 (91 %), 6 gaps (0 %)).
Typus. auStralia, New South Wales, Yabbra State Forest, Boomi Creek
plantation, on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae), 19 Apr. 2018,
A.J. Carnegie, HPC 2432 (holotype CBS H-24156, culture ex-type CPC
35763 = CBS 146028, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562099.1 and
MN567607.1, MycoBank MB832858).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus grandis trees where N. eucalyptorum
was collected. Colony on synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with
conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Angus J. Carnegie, Forest Health & Biosecurity, Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12,
10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
248
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pilidium novae-zelandiae
249
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 954 – 18 December 2019
Pilidium novae-zelandiae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the country New Zealand, where it was collected.
Classification — Chaetomellaceae, Chaetomellales, Leotiomycetes.
Conidiomata sporodochial, superficial, separate, 180–300 µm
diam, red-brown, becoming cupulate; wall of red-brown textura
angularis. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
filiform, giving rise to terminal and intercalary conidiogenous
cells and paraphyses, up to 100 µm long, 2 – 2.5 µm wide.
Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, subcylindrical, straight to
curved, smooth, hyaline, with periclinal thickening and minute
collarette, 4–15 × 1–1.5 µm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate,
cymbiform, guttulate, ends acute, (9–)10–12(–14) × (1.5–)2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface cinnamon,
reverse sepia. On PDA surface buff, reverse isabelline. On OA
surface buff.
Typus. new Zealand, Auckland, 21 Mullagh place, Phoenix sp., 4 Feb. 2018,
R. Thangavel (holotype CBS H-24157, culture ex-type T18_00344D = CPC
35872 = CBS 146029, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562100.1 and
MN567608.1, MycoBank MB832859).
Notes — Pilidium was treated by Rossman et al. (2004) and
Marin-Felix et al. (2017). Pilidium novae-zelandiae (conidia (9–)
10 –12(–14) × (1.5–)2 µm) is phylogenetically closely related
to P. anglicum (Eucalyptus sp., UK; conidia (12 –)13 –14(–15)
× 1.5(–2) μm; Crous et al. 2017a), but on average has smaller
conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Pilidium anglicum (strain CBS 143402, GenBank
NR_156670.1; Identities = 459/471 (97 %), 5 gaps (1 %)), Pilidium acerinum (strain CBS 736.68, GenBank NR_119500.1;
Identities = 455/472 (96 %), 5 gaps (1 %)), and Pilidium eucalyptorum (strain CPC 26594, GenBank NR_145311.1; Identities = 449/466 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the
LSU sequence are Pilidium eucalyptorum (strain CPC 26594,
GenBank NG_059618.1; Identities = 794/798 (99 %), no gaps),
Pilidium acerinum (strain CBS 403.71C, GenBank MH871958.1;
Identities = 881/886 (99 %), no gaps), and Pilidium anglicum
(strain CBS 143402, GenBank NG_058522.1; Identities = 842/
847 (99 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Phoenix sp. in New Zealand. Colony on oatmeal
agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 300 µm
(conidiomata), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries,
P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
250
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Phyllosticta encephalarticola
251
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 955 – 18 December 2019
Phyllosticta encephalarticola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Encephalartos from which it
was isolated.
Classification — Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary, black, erumpent, globose, exuding colourless to opaque conidial masses; pycnidia up to 200 µm
diam; pycnidial wall of several layers of textura angularis, up to
20 µm thick. Ostiole central, 20 µm diam. Conidiophores subcylindrical to ampulliform, reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline,
smooth, coated in mucoid layer, 5 – 20 × 3 – 6 µm, proliferating
percurrently at apex. Conidia 12 –13(–17) × (7–)8(– 9) µm,
solitary, hyaline, aseptate, thin- and smooth-walled, coarsely
guttulate, ellipsoid to obovoid, tapering towards base, 3 – 4 µm
diam, enclosed in mucoid sheath, 1.5 – 2.5 µm diam, bearing a
hyaline apical mucoid appendage that can be up to 100 µm long.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching 60 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and
reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, on leaves of Encephalartos sp. (Zamiaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2487 (holotype CBS
H-24160, culture ex-type CPC 35970 = CBS 146014, ITS, LSU, actA and
tef1 sequences GenBank MN562101.1, MN567609.1, MN556783.1 and
MN556818.1, MycoBank MB832860).
Notes — Although phylogenetically distinct from species
of Phyllosticta known from DNA sequence data (Marin-Felix
et al. 2017, Crous et al. 2018b), P. encephalarticola should
be compared to P. encephalarti (on leaves of Encephalartos
laurentiana, Indonesia, conidia 10 –15 × 3.5 – 6 µm, apical
appendage 6 –10 µm long; Van der Aa 1973), from which it is
morphologically distinct.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Phyllosticta owaniana (GenBank AF312011.1;
Identities = 534/569 (94 %), 8 gaps (1 %)), Phyllosticta pseudotsugae (strain CBS 111649, GenBank KF154277.1; Identities
= 543/580 (94 %), 14 gaps (2 %)), and Phyllosticta podocarpi
(strain CBS 111647, GenBank KF766217.1; Identities = 567/609
(93 %), 14 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence
are Phyllosticta hagahagaensis (strain CBS 144592, GenBank
MK442550.1; Identities = 876/884 (99 %), no gaps), Phyllosticta austroafricana (strain CBS 144593, GenBank MK442549.1;
Identities = 872/882 (99 %), no gaps), and Phyllosticta carissicola (strain CPC 25665, GenBank KT950863.1; Identities =
848/858 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Phyllosticta hagahagaensis
(strain CBS 144592, GenBank MK442641.1; Identities = 606/
619 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Phyllosticta austroafricana (strain
CBS 144593, GenBank MK442640.1; Identities = 605/621
(97 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Phyllosticta lauridiae (strain CBS
145559, GenBank MK876460.1; Identities = 583/623 (94 %),
4 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had
highest similarity to Phyllosticta hagahagaensis (strain CBS
144592, GenBank MK442705.1; Identities = 381/387 (98 %),
no gaps), Phyllosticta podocarpi (strain CBS 111647, GenBank
KF766434.1; Identities = 255/260 (98 %), no gaps), and Phyllosticta carissicola (strain CPC 25665, GenBank KT950879.1;
Identities = 389/399 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Encephalartos sp. Colony on oatmeal agar; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
252
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Alloconiothyrium encephalarti
253
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 956 – 18 December 2019
Alloconiothyrium encephalarti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Encephalartos from which it
was isolated.
Classification — Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata separate, pycnidial, globose, 180 – 200 µm diam,
medium brown, opening via central ostiole; wall of 3 – 6 layers
of pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells lining inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to subcylindrical, 4–6 × 2–3.5 µm, phialidic with periclinal
thickening. Conidia solitary, aseptate, subcylindrical, straight,
hyaline, smooth with obtuse ends, (3.5 –)4(– 6) × 1.5(– 2) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching 35 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface and reverse
olivaceous grey. On OA surface iron-grey.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, on leaves of Encephalartos sp. (Zamiaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2491 (holotype CBS
H-24161, culture ex-type CPC 35980 = CBS 146012, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank MN562102.1 and MN567610.1, MycoBank MB832861).
Notes — Alloconiothyrium encephalarti represents a new
species related to species in the coniothyrium-complex, including Alloconiothyrium and Verrucoconiothyrium (Crous et al.
2015a), and is tentatively named in Alloconiothyrium.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Microsphaeropsis arundinis (strain SCAU194, GenBank MK281564.1; Identities = 452/474 (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)),
Huperzia serrata (strain HS8-2-3, GenBank MK424445.1;
Identities = 452/474 (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)), and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides (strain UTHSC DI16-346, GenBank
LT796893.1; Identities = 452/474 (95 %), 11 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Alloconiothyrium aptrootii
(strain CBS 981.95, GenBank JX496235.1; Identities = 869/875
(99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae (as Coniothyrium nitidae, strain CBS 119209, GenBank EU552112.1;
Identities = 881/888 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Paraconiothyrium archidendri (strain CBS 168.77, GenBank NG_057964.1;
Identities = 880/888 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Encephalartos sp. Symptomatic leaf; conidiomata
on pine needle agar; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 200 µm
(conidiomata), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
254
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Lithohypha aloicola
Fungal Planet description sheets
255
Fungal Planet 957 – 18 December 2019
Lithohypha aloicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Aloe from which it was isolated.
Classification — Trichomeriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of smooth, pale brown, branched, septate,
2 – 2.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous loci on hyphae. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth,
6 –10 µm long, with truncate locus, 1 µm diam, not thickened
nor darkened. Conidia ramoconidia 10–13 × 2.5–3 µm; terminal
conidia occurring in branched chains, (6 –)7– 9(–10) × 2.5 – 3
µm; hila not thickened nor darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 10
mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
mouse grey, reverse dark mouse grey.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, on leaves of Aloe sp.
(Asphodelaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2481 (holotype CBS H-24159,
culture ex-type CPC 35996 = CBS 146070, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 and tub2
sequences GenBank MN562103.1, MN567611.1, MN556797.1, MN556829.1
and MN556837.1, MycoBank MB832862).
Notes — Lithohypha (as Lithophila) was introduced by Isola
et al. (2016) for a fungus growing on marble stone in Italy. Other
than the dark brown hyphae with enteroblastic conidiation, it
lacked any visible morphology. Lithohypha aloicola is closely
related to L. guttulata, but quite distinct morphologically, producing conidia arranged in chains, and occurring on leaves of
Aloe in South Africa. Of interest is the fact that both substrates
could be regarded as extreme environments.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Lithophila guttulata (as Trichomeriaceae sp. LS2015c, strain CCFEE 5908, GenBank KP791770.1; Identities
= 566/572 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Bradymyces sp. LS-2015b
(strain CGMCC 3.16362, GenBank KP174849.1; Identities =
545/552 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Knufia aspidiotus (as Knufia
sp. FH-2012, strain BJ01A17, GenBank JX843780.1; Identities =
406/461 (88 %), 18 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU
sequence are Lithophila guttulata (as Trichomeriaceae sp.
LS-2015c, strain CCFEE 5884, GenBank KR781056.1; Identities = 855/855 (100 %), no gaps), Bradymyces sp. LS-2015b
(strain CGMCC 3.17221, GenBank KP174952.1; Identities =
823/823 (100 %), no gaps), and Neophaeococcomyces catenatus (strain CBS 650.76, GenBank MH872793.1; Identities =
822/865 (95 %), 6 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb1
sequence had highest similarity to Bradymyces sp. LS-2015a
(strain CGMCC 3.14008, GenBank KP226519.1; Identities =
447/632 (71 %), 14 gaps (2 %)), Bradymyces graniticola (strain
CCF 5193, GenBank LT558716.1; Identities = 507/745 (68 %),
22 gaps (2 %)), and Knufia peltigerae (strain CGMCC 3.17283,
GenBank KP226513.1; Identities = 312/436 (72 %), 7 gaps
(1 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Furfurella luteostiolata (strain CE3, GenBank MK523302.1;
Identities = 417/462 (90 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Gyrothrix inops (strain
BE108, GenBank KJ476974.1; Identities = 415/ 461 (90 %),
no gaps), and Gyrothrix ramosa (strain MUCL 54061, GenBank
KJ476975.1; Identities = 414/461 (90 %), no gaps). Closest hits
using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Bradymyces
sp. LS-2015b (strain CGMCC 3.17221, GenBank KP226553.1;
Identities = 216/222 (97 %), no gaps), Arthrocladium caudatum
(strain CBS 457.67, GenBank LT558710.1; Identities = 347/451
(77 %), 32 gaps (7 %)), and Aphanophora eugeniae (strain CBS
124105, GenBank KC455221.1; Identities = 329/430 (77 %),
25 gaps (5 %)).
Colour illustrations. Aloe sp. Lithophila aloicola was isolated from. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
256
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neothyrostroma encephalarti
257
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 958 – 18 December 2019
Neothyrostroma Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to its morphological similarity with Thyrostroma.
Classification — Amorosiaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata sporodochial, black, superficial on leaves, solitary.
Conidiophores arising from brown stroma, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, septate. Conidiogenous cells subcylin-
drical, hyaline, smooth, terminal and intercalary, proliferating
percurrently at apex. Conidia solitary, brown, smooth, fusoidellipsoid, apex acutely rounded, base truncate, distoseptate,
with 3 – 5 horizontal septa, and 3 – 5 oblique or vertical septa.
Type species. Neothyrostroma encephalarti Crous.
MycoBank MB832863.
Neothyrostroma encephalarti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Encephalartos from which it
was isolated.
Conidiomata sporodochial, black, erumpent in agar and superficial on leaves in nature, solitary, 200–500 µm diam (in culture).
Conidiophores arising from brown stroma, subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, up to 50 µm tall, 4–5 µm wide.
Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, terminal
and intercalary, 10 – 30 × 4 – 5 µm, proliferating percurrently at
apex. Conidia solitary, brown, smooth, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex
acutely rounded, base truncate, 2 – 3 µm diam, distoseptate,
with 3 – 5 horizontal septa, and 3 – 5 oblique or vertical septa,
(20 –)21– 24(– 27) × (8–)9 –10(–11) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface dirty white to smoke grey.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, on leaves of Encephalartos sp. (Zamiaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2486 (holotype CBS
H-24162, cultures ex-type CPC 35999, CPC 35998 = CBS 146037, ITS, LSU
and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562104.1– MN562105.1, MN567612.1–
MN567613.1 and MN556830.1– MN556831.1, MycoBank MB832864).
Notes — Neothyrostroma is reminiscent of the genus Thyrostroma, which was recently treated by Marin-Felix et al. (2017).
The two genera are distinct phylogenetically, and Neothyrostroma can also be distinguished morphologically in having
distoseptate conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC
35998 had highest similarity to Angustimassarina sp. DP-2019a
(voucher MFLU 18-0057, GenBank MN244197.1; Identities =
427/461 (93 %), 8 gaps (1 %)), Exosporium stylobatum (strain
AN122R, GenBank MH397653.1; Identities = 416/450 (92 %),
8 gaps (1 %)), and Lophiostoma corticola (strain Z26, GenBank
MK907710.1; Identities = 438/474 (92 %), 11 gaps (2 %)). The
ITS sequences of CPC 35998 and 35999 are identical (545/545
bases). Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 35998
are Alfoldia vorosii (as Dothideomycetes sp. DGK-2019a, strain
REF117, GenBank MK589355.1; Identities = 863/883 (98 %),
4 gaps (0 %)), Amorocoelophoma cassiae (voucher C259,
GenBank MK347956.1; Identities = 857/883 (97 %), 5 gaps
(0 %)), and Angustimassarina coryli (strain MFLUCC 14-0981,
GenBank MF167432.1; Identities = 854/881 (97 %), 6 gaps
(0 %)). The LSU sequences of CPC 35998 and 35999 are
identical (883/883 bases). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence
had highest similarity to Alfoldia vorosii (as Dothideomycetes
sp. DGK-2019a, strain REF117, GenBank MK599321.1; Identities = 438/466 (94 %), no gaps), Parathyridaria percutanea
(strain UTHSC DI16-292, GenBank LT797111.1; Identities =
433/462 (94 %), no gaps), and Splanchnonema platani (strain
CBS 221.37, GenBank DQ677908.2; Identities = 435/466
(93 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Encephalartos sp. Neothyrostroma encephalarti
was isolated from. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
258
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Falcocladium eucalypti
Fungal Planet description sheets
259
Fungal Planet 959 – 18 December 2019
Falcocladium eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Falcocladiaceae, Falcocladiales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiophores penicillate on host, but rarely penicillate in culture, mostly aggregated in sporodochia, arising from superficial
mycelium or from chlamydospores that are intercalary, in chains,
brown, globose, 10 –12 µm diam. Conidiophores with hyaline
stipe extensions, aseptate, thick-walled, 40–70 × 1.5–2 µm, terminating in ellipsoid to globose vesicles, 4 – 6(–7) µm diam.
Conidiophores with compact conidiogenous apparatus, consisting of primary and secondary branches, smooth, hyaline, giving
rise to phialidic conidiogenous cells, ampulliform, 5 –10(– 20)
× 2.5(– 3) µm. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, falcate with
a short acute apical beak (1.5 – 2 µm long), and a basal appendage, 2 – 3 µm long, (22 –) 32 – 37(– 41) × (2–)2.5(– 3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 5 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA
surface and reverse cinnamon to buff.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, near turnoff coach
road, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC
2472 (holotype CBS H-24248, culture ex-type CPC 36050 = CBS 146052,
ITS, LSU, actA and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562106.1, MN567614.1,
MN556784.1 and MN556798.1, MycoBank MB832865).
Additional material examined. auStralia, New South Wales, Dundurrabin, Neaves Plantation, on leaf of Eucalyptus dunnii, 21 Feb. 2017, A.J.
Carnegie, HPC 2836, culture CPC 38019 = CBS 146061, ITS, LSU and
actA, MN562107.1, MN567615.1 and MN556785.1. – South africa, Limpopo
Province, Tzaneen, on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp., 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC
2465, culture CPC 36046 = CBS 146051, ITS, LSU, actA and rpb2 sequences
GenBank MN562108.1, MN567616.1, MN556786.1 and MN556799.1.
Notes — Species of Falcocladium are commonly isolated
from leaf litter, and considered to be weak foliar pathogens of
Eucalyptus (Crous et al. 1994, 1997, 2018a). Five species are
presently known, having been collected on eucalypt leaves in
Africa, Asia, Australia and South America. Falcocladium eucalypti represents the second species known from Africa, being
closely related to F. sphaeropedunculatum, which is distinct in
having sphaeropedunculate vesicles (Crous et al. 1997). Of
interest is the fact that one collection originates from Australia,
suggesting this fungus could have been introduced to South
Africa along with its host.
Based on a blastn search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 36050 had
highest similarity to Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum (strain
CBS 111294, GenBank EU040220.1; Identities = 625/659
(95 %), 15 gaps (2 %)), Falcocladium turbinatum (strain BCC
22055, GenBank NR_138378.1; Identities = 620/688 (90 %),
41 gaps (5 %)), and Falcocladium multivesiculatum (strain CBS
120386, GenBank EU040217.2; Identities = 597/667 (90 %),
46 gaps (6 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 36046, 36050 and
38019 are identical (650/650 bases). Closest hits using the
LSU sequence of CPC 36050 are Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum (strain CBS 111292, GenBank EU040218.1; Identities = 842/853 (99 %), no gaps), Falcocladium africanum (strain
CPC 34007, GenBank MK047471.1; Identities = 851/863 (99 %),
no gaps), and Falcocladium thailandicum (strain CPC 13489,
GenBank EU040216.2; Identities = 848/861 (98 %), no gaps).
The LSU sequences of CPC 36046, 36050 and 38019 are
identical (824/824 bases). Closest hits using the actA sequence of CPC 36050 had highest similarity to Falcocladium
africanum (strain CBS 145046, GenBank MK047519.1; Identities = 392/407 (96 %), no gaps), Falcocladium thailandicum (strain CBS 121717, GenBank KM231261.1; Identities =
391/407 (96 %), no gaps), and Falcocladium sphaeropedunculatum (strain CBS 111292, GenBank KM231260.1; Identities =
403/428 (94 %), no gaps). The actA sequences of CPC 36050
and 36046 are identical (651/651 bases), and CPC 36050 and
38019 are almost identical (649/652 bases, of which two bases
are represented by an extra repetitive nucleotide). Closest hits
using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Falcocladium
africanum (strain CBS 145046, GenBank MK047533.1; Identities = 720/836 (86 %), no gaps), Trichoderma austriacum (strain
CBS 122494, GenBank FJ860525.1; Identities = 688/904 (76 %),
24 gaps (2 %)), and Trichoderma sulawesense (strain G.J.S.
85-228, GenBank AY391954.1; Identities = 681/893 (76 %), 31
gaps (3 %)). The rpb2 sequences of CPC 36050 and 36046
are identical (912/912 bases).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus trees Falcocladium eucalypti was isolated
from. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; stipe extensions with vesicles;
chlamydospores; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Angus J. Carnegie, Forest Health & Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Forestry, Level 12,
10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
260
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Gyrothrix eucalypti
Fungal Planet description sheets
261
Fungal Planet 960 – 18 December 2019
Gyrothrix eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium internal and external, consisting of branched, septate,
hyaline to pale brown, 2–3 µm diam hyphae. Setae erect, straight
to geniculate-sinuous, dark brown, thick-walled, verruculose to
warty, 100–180 µm tall, 4–5 µm wide at base, 4–10-septate,
branched, forming 2–6 lateral branches. Conidiophores reduced
to conidiogenous cells (rarely with a supporting cell), arranged on
hyphae around bases of setae, smooth, olivaceous, ampulliform,
5–10 × 3–4 µm, giving rise to conidia via conspicuous annellations. Conidia forming in a slimy mass, hyaline, smooth, falcate,
aseptate, with excentric hilum, 0.5–1 µm diam, (8–)10–13(–15)
× (2–)2.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium folded surface, and smooth, lobate
margin, reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA,
PDA and OA surface buff, reverse cinnamon to honey.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, near turnoff coach
road, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2472
(holotype CBS H-24163, culture ex-type CPC 36066 = CBS 146023, ITS, LSU
and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562109.1, MN567617.1 and MN556832.1,
MycoBank MB832866).
Additional material examined. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen,
on Eucalyptus dunnii, 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2469, culture CPC 35992 = CBS
146022, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562110.1 and MN567618.1.
Notes — Gyrothrix is characterised by producing brown,
branched, sterile setae that arise from superficial hyphae, and
lageniform conidiogenous cells that form hyaline, aseptate, cylindrical to falcate, straight to slightly curved conidia. Gyrothrix is
close to Circinotrichum, but distinguished based on its branched
setae (Ellis 1971). Gyrothrix eucalypti is distinguished from
G. circinata (setae 80–180 µm, conidia 12–15 × 1.5–1.8 µm)
and G. podosperma (setae 120–260 µm, conidia 8–16 × 1.5–2
µm) by the dimensions of its setae and conidia (Ellis 1971).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 36066
had highest similarity to Lopadostoma lechatii (strain CBS
133694, GenBank NR_132032.1; Identities = 373/412 (91 %),
16 gaps (3 %)), Calceomyces lacunosus (strain CBS 633.88,
GenBank KY610397.1; Identities = 516/583 (89 %), 18 gaps
(3 %)), Anthostomella sp. DAD-2016a (strain MFLUCC 160243, GenBank KX505957.1; Identities = 487/540 (90 %), 19
gaps (3 %)), and Ceratocladium microspermum (strain CBS
126092, GenBank MH864077.1; Identities = 529/600 (88 %),
35 gaps (5 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 35992 and 36066
differ at a single position (576/577 bases similar). Closest hits
using the LSU sequence of CPC 36066 are Torula ficus (strain
MFLUCC 18-0112, GenBank MH260322.1; Identities = 791/803
(99 %), no gaps), Circinotrichum papakurae (strain CBS 101373,
GenBank KR611897.1; Identities = 874/891 (98 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), and Gyrothrix ramosa (strain MUCL 54061, GenBank
KC775722.1; Identities = 797/816 (98 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). The
LSU sequences of CPC 35992 and 36066 are identical (894/
894 bases). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence of CPC 36066
had highest similarity to Furfurella luteostiolata (strain CE3,
GenBank MK523302.1; Identities = 431/476 (91 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), Gyrothrix inops (strain BE108, GenBank KJ476974.1;
Identities = 429/475 (90 %), no gaps), and Gyrothrix ramosa
(strain MUCL 54061, GenBank KJ476975.1; Identities = 428/
475 (90 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus leaves Gyrothrix eucalypti was isolated
from. Conidiogenous cells; conidia; setae. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
262
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neoplatysporoides aloes
Fungal Planet description sheets
263
Fungal Planet 961 – 18 December 2019
Neoplatysporoides aloes Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Aloe from which it was isolated.
Classification — Libertasomycetaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata unilocular, separate, globose, immersed to erumpent, brown, 200 – 250 µm diam, opening via central ostiole,
exuding a brown conidial mass; wall of 3 – 6 layers of brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells. Conidiogenous cells lining inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
ampulliform to doliiform, 5–9 × 4–5 µm, with percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia solitary, golden brown, subcylindrical to
ellipsoid, straight to curved, 0 –1-septate, apex obtuse, base
truncate with longitudinal striations along the length of the
conidium, (7–)8 – 9(–10) × (4–)4.5(– 5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching 50 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface buff, reverse cinnamon. On PDA surface and reverse cinnamon. On OA surface
honey.
Typus. South africa, Limpopo Province, Tzaneen, on leaves of Aloe sp.
(Asphodelaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2476 (holotype CBS H-24249, culture ex-type CPC 36068 = CBS 146054, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
MN562111.1 and MN567619.1, MycoBank MB832867).
Additional material examined. South africa, Gauteng Province, Pretoria,
University of Pretoria campus, on leaf of Aloe sp., 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC
2457, cultures CPC 35988 = CBS 146090, CPC 36060 = CBS 146053, ITS
and LSU sequences GenBank MN562112.1–MN562113.1 and MN567620.1–
MN567621.1.
Notes — Neoplatysporoides aloes is similar to N. aloeicola
(on leaves of Aloe sp., Tanzania; conidia (8 –)9 –10(–12) ×
(4 –)5(– 6) μm; Crous et al. 2015b), but distinguished based
on its slightly smaller conidia. Neoplatysporoides is presently
only known from leaves of Aloe spp. occurring in Africa.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 36068
had highest similarity to Neoplatysporoides aloeicola (strain CBS
139901, GenBank NR_154230.1; Identities = 544/564 (96 %),
2 gaps (0 %)), Libertasomyces myopori (strain CBS 141302,
GenBank NR_145200.1; Identities = 522/568 (92 %), 14 gaps
(2 %)), and Libertasomyces quercus (strain CBS 134.97,
GenBank NR_155337.1; Identities = 513/559 (92 %), 11 gaps
(1 %)). The ITS sequence of CPC 36068 is 99 % (558/564
bases, including 1 gap) similar to those of CPC 36060 and CPC
35988. Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 36068
are Neoplatysporoides aloeicola (strain CBS 139901, GenBank
MH878657.1; Identities = 853/858 (99 %), 3 gaps (0 %)),
Foliophoma fallens (strain CBS 284.70, GenBank GU238078.1;
Identities = 860/871 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Camarosporium
quaternatum (strain CBS 483.95, GenBank DQ377884.1;
Identities = 851/863 (99 %), no gaps). The LSU sequence of
CPC 36068 differs with a single nucleotide from CPC 35988
and CPC 36060 (884/885 bases similar).
Colour illustrations. Aloe sp. Neoplatysporoides aloes was isolated
from. Conidioma on pine needle agar; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 250 µm (conidioma), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
264
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Chalara eucalypticola
Fungal Planet description sheets
265
Fungal Planet 962 – 18 December 2019
Chalara eucalypticola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Pezizellaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
2 – 3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous,
straight, subcylindrical, brown, smooth, 1–10-septate, 50 –130
× 4 – 5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, brown,
smooth, 40 – 55 × 5 – 6 µm, consisting of a basal cylindrical
venter, 22 – 30 µm long, that tapers abruptly to a cylindrical
collarette, 15 – 30 × 3 µm. Conidia in long unbranched chains,
hyaline, smooth, guttulate, subcylindrical, ends bluntly rounded,
0 –1-septate, (9–)11–15(– 21) × (2.5 –)3 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and even, lobate margin,
reaching 10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface isabelline, reverse hazel. On PDA surface and reverse isabelline.
On OA surface dirty white.
Typus. South africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Terra Nera, on leaf spots
of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla (Myrtaceae), 1 June 2018, M.J. Wingfield,
HPC 2508 (holotype CBS H-24239, culture ex-type CPC 36078 = CBS
146042, ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562114.1,
MN567622.1, MN556819.1 and MN556838.1, MycoBank MB832868).
Notes — Chalara is paraphyletic within Helotiales (Cai et al.
2009). Chalara eucalypticola is distinct from C. cylindrica (on
Eucalyptus, conidia 3 – 9.5 × 1–1.5 µm; Nag Raj & Kendrick
1976) and represents a new species on Eucalyptus, that is
phylogenetically distinct from all chalara-like taxa presently
known from their DNA sequence data.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Calycina alstrupii (voucher BILAS Motiejunaite 10761,
GenBank NR_154846.1; Identities = 522/562 (93 %), 18 gaps
(3 %)), Calycina herbarum (strain 1370, GenBank AM262399.1;
Identities = 421/454 (93 %), 16 gaps (3 %)), and Graphilbum
pleomorphum (strain CBS 110.86, GenBank MH861928.1; Identities = 521/562 (93 %), 16 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using the
LSU sequence are Chalara parvispora (strain CBS 385.94,
GenBank FJ176253.1; Identities = 818/829 (99 %), no gaps),
Chalara crassipes (strain CBS 829.71, GenBank FJ176254.1;
Identities = 818/830 (99 %), no gaps), and Chalara fungorum
(strain CBS 942.72, GenBank FJ176252.1; Identities = 813/825
(99 %), no gaps). No ITS sequences are available in GenBank
for comparison of these three Chalara species with our novel
species. No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 and
tub2 sequences were used in blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla trees. Colony on
synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
266
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neokirramyces syzygii
267
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 963 – 18 December 2019
Neokirramyces Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to Kirramyces.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata amphigenous, pycnidial, immersed, globose,
brown; wall of 3 – 6 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity,
brown, smooth to finely verruculose, ampulliform to subcylin-
drical, proliferating percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary,
subcylindrical, prominently curved, guttulate, medium brown,
smooth, euseptate, apex subobtuse, tapering in basal cell to
a truncate hilum.
Type species. Neokirramyces syzygii Crous.
MycoBank MB832869.
Neokirramyces syzygii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Syzygium from which it was
isolated.
Leaf spots amphigenous, angular to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam,
pale brown with raised dark brown border surrounded by redpurple zone. Conidiomata amphigenous, pycnidial, immersed,
globose, brown, 80 –120 µm diam; wall of 3 – 6 layers of brown
textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
cells lining the inner cavity, brown, smooth to finely verruculose,
ampulliform to subcylindrical, 6–8 × 3.5–4 µm, proliferating percurrently near apex. Conidia solitary, subcylindrical, prominently
curved, guttulate, medium brown, smooth, 3(– 4)-euseptate,
apex subobtuse, tapering in basal cell to a truncate hilum,
1.5 – 2 µm diam, (30 –)35 – 45(– 50) × (2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 4 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA
surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. South africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Richmond, Hela Hela, on
leaf spots of Syzygium sp. (Myrtaceae), 2 June 2010, J. Roux, HPC 2521
(holotype CBS H-24247, culture ex-type CPC 36122 = CBS 146050, ITS
and LSU sequences GenBank MN562115.1 and MN567623.1, MycoBank
MB832870).
Notes — Neokirramyces resembles the Kirramyces asexual
morph of Teratosphaeria (Teratosphaeriaceae) (Quaedvlieg
et al. 2014, Andjic et al. 2019), but is phylogenetically related
to Sonderhenia (Mycosphaerellaceae) (Videira et al. 2017,
Crous et al. 2019c). Morphologically Neokirramyces is distinct
from Sonderhenia in that it has euseptate conidia that are
kirramyces-like in morphology.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Pallidocercospora ventilago (strain CPC 21817,
GenBank KF777177.1; Identities = 488/528 (92 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), Pallidocercospora crystallina (strain 148B3, GenBank
JQ732910.1; Identities = 446/483 (92 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Trochophora fasciculata (strain CPC 10282, GenBank FJ839632.1;
Identities = 490/531 (92 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Stigmina palmivora (strain VIC 39741,
GenBank KF656785.1; Identities = 769/782 (98 %), no gaps),
Sonderhenia eucalypticola (as Mycosphaerella walkeri, strain
CMW 20333, GenBank DQ267574.1; Identities = 764/782 (98 %),
no gaps), and Pallidocercospora irregulariramosa (strain CPC
1362, GenBank GU214441.1; Identities = 762/782 (97 %), no
gaps).
Colour illustrations. Leaf spots on Syzygium sp. Section through conidioma; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Jolanda Roux, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028,
Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
268
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Lareunionomyces eucalypticola
269
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 964 – 18 December 2019
Lareunionomyces eucalypticola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Neolauriomycetaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Conidiophores solitary, erect, dark brown, smooth, thick-walled,
straight to slightly flexuous, subcylindrical, arising from superficial hyphae, base swollen with brown rhizoids, 150–250 × 5–9
µm, sparsely 2 – 3-septate. Conidiogenous region consisting
of a penicillate series of branches. Primary branches brown,
smooth, aseptate, subcylindrical to clavate, 9 –15 × 5 –7 µm.
Secondary branches pale brown, subcylindrical, smooth, 7–10
× 4 – 6 µm. Tertiary branches 7– 9 × 3 – 4 µm, and quaternary
branches 6–9 × 3–4 µm, giving rise to 1–4 conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, 12–15
× 1.5 – 2 µm, apex proliferating inconspicuously percurrently.
Conidia forming in cylindrical, unbranched chains, eventually
forming a mucoid mass, hyaline, smooth, cylindrical, apex
obtuse, base truncate, 4 – 4.5(– 6) × 2– 2.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, with folded
surface, sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 8 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface umber
in middle, buff at margin, reverse umber. On PDA surface and
reverse sepia. On OA surface umber.
Typus. colombia, San Bernardo, on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae), 3 June 2010, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2497 (holotype CBS H-24240, culture ex-type CPC 36155 = CBS 146043, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 sequences
GenBank MN562116.1, MN567624.1, MN556800.1 and MN556820.1,
MycoBank MB832871).
Notes — Lareunionomyces was established for a genus
of hyphomycetes that resembles Sporendocladia, except that
it has a more intricate conidiogenous apparatus (Crous et al.
2016b). Lareunionomyces eucalypticola is phylogenetically
related to L. loeiensis (on leaf litter, Thailand). The two species
are easily distinguished based on their conidiophores, those of
the latter being smaller, 90–150(–165) × 5–6.5 μm, and lacking
rhizoids (Crous et al. 2018a).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Lareunionomyces loeiensis (strain BCC 84472,
GenBank NR_161149.1; Identities = 511/522 (98 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), Lareunionomyces eucalypti (strain CPC 32621, GenBank NR_160352.1; Identities = 526/543 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)),
and Lareunionomyces syzygii (strain CBS 141326, GenBank
NR_145315.1; Identities = 532/553 (96 %), 3 gaps (0 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Lareunionomyces loeiensis (strain BCC 84472, GenBank MK047510.1; Identities =
863/871 (99 %), no gaps), Lareunionomyces syzygii (strain
CBS 141326, GenBank NG_058244.1; Identities = 878/891
(99 %), no gaps), and Lareunionomyces eucalypti (strain
CPC 32621, GenBank NG_064545.1; Identities = 854/867
(99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had
highest similarity to Lareunionomyces eucalypti (strain CPC
32621, GenBank MH327867.1; Identities = 713 /790 (90 %), no
gaps), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (strain CPC 32623, GenBank
MH327868.1; Identities = 753/901 (84 %), no gaps), and Diplococcium spicatum (strain CBS 852.73, GenBank EF204483.1;
Identities = 695/895 (78 %), 26 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using
the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Lareunionomyces
eucalypti (strain CPC 32621, GenBank MH327878.1; Identities
= 431/519 (83 %), 28 gaps (5 %)), Porodiplodia vitis (strain CBS
144634, GenBank MK442707.1; Identities = 218/248 (88 %),
12 gaps (4 %)), and Cadophora luteo-olivacea (strain Clo-15,
GenBank HQ661073.1; Identities = 218/251 (87 %), 10 gaps
(3 %)).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus grandis trees. Sporulation on oatmeal
agar; conidiophores with swollen bases; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
270
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Lectera philenopterae
271
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 965 – 18 December 2019
Lectera philenopterae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Philenoptera from which it
was isolated.
Classification — Plectosphaerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata sporodochial, cushion-shaped, 100–200 µm diam,
pale olivaceous with intermixed setae, brown, verruculose to
warty, thick-walled, flexuous, 3 – 6-septate, tapering to acutely
rounded apices, 60 –150 × 5 – 8 µm. Conidiogenous cells cylindrical, proliferating percurrently at apex, 7–10 × 2.5 – 3.5
µm. Conidia (on SNA) straight, hyaline (olivaceous in mass),
smooth, aseptate, cylindrical with obtuse ends, base with truncate scar, 0.5–1 µm diam, (10 –)11(–12) × 2(– 2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface olivaceous
black, reverse olivaceous grey. On PDA surface and reverse
grey olivaceous in centre, cream in outer region. On OA surface
cream.
Typus. South africa, Mpumalanga Province, Kruger National Park, Letaba lodge, on Philenoptera violacea (Fabaceae), 6 Aug. 2014, P.W. Crous,
HPC 2578 (holotype CBS H-24242, culture ex-type CPC 36266 = CBS
146045, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562117.1,
MN567625.1, MN556801.1, MN556821.1 and MN556839.1, MycoBank
MB832872).
Notes — Lectera was recently revised (Giraldo & Crous
2019, Giraldo et al. 2019). Lectera philenopterae is phylogenetically related to L. nordwiniana (from soil, the Netherlands,
conidia 6 – 8 × 2 – 3 μm; Crous et al. 2018a), but distinct based
on its conidial dimensions.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Lectera nordwiniana (strain CBS 144922,
GenBank MK047463.1; Identities = 538/561 (96 %), 5 gaps
(0 %)), Lectera colletotrichoides (strain CBS 109728, GenBank
KM231851.1; Identities = 539/563 (96 %), 6 gaps (1 %)), and
Lectera capsici (strain CBS:142534, GenBank NR_155338.1;
Identities = 533/559 (95 %), 6 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Lectera capsici (strain CBS 142534,
GenBank NG_058474.1; Identities = 816/829 (98 %), no gaps),
Lectera longa (strain IMI 366179, GenBank LR025898.1; Identities = 778/791 (98 %), no gaps), and Lectera colletotrichoides
(strain IMI 265740, GenBank LR025896.1; Identities = 778/791
(98 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Lectera colletotrichoides (strain CBS 109728,
GenBank KM232427.1; Identities = 312/353 (88 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), Lectera longa (strain IMI 181698, GenBank LR026170.1;
Identities = 638/743 (86 %), no gaps), and Lectera colletotrichoides (strain IMI 332702, GenBank LR026168.1; Identities
= 638/743 (86 %), no gaps). No significant hits were obtained
when the tef1 and tub2 sequences were used in blastn and
megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Philenoptera violacea tree at Letaba lodge. Colony on
synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; setae;
conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
272
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Verrucocladosporium visseri
273
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 966 – 18 December 2019
Verrucocladosporium visseri Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. In honour of Johan Visser, former Springbok and Captain of
the Stellenbosch University Waveski Surfing Team, who regularly practiced
with his team members at Skaapeiland, IJzerfontein, during the 1980s.
Classification — Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, brown, smooth, 3–4
µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, dimorphic, macroand micronematous, reduced to conidiogenous cells. Microconidiophores 0 –1-septate, brown, verruculose, straight to
geniculate-sinuous, 20 – 40 × 4 – 5 µm. Macroconidiophores
erect, flexuous to geniculate-flexuous, subcylindrical, up to
150 µm tall, 4 – 5 µm diam, brown, verruculose, 2 –7-septate.
Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical, brown, verruculose, 10 – 30 × 4 – 5 µm; scars thickened,
darkened and refractive, 1.5 – 2 µm diam. Conidia occurring in
branched chains, brown, verruculose to warty. Primary ramoconidia subcylindrical, 15 – 35 × 3.5 – 4(– 5) µm, 0 – 2-septate.
Secondary ramoconidia subcylindrical, 0 –1-septate, 13 – 20 ×
3.5 – 4(– 5) µm. Intercalary conidia subcylindrical to ellipsoid,
aseptate, verruculose to warty, (8–)9–10(–11) × (3.5–)4(–4.5)
µm. Small terminal conidia aseptate, verruculose to warty, 6 –7
× 3–4 µm; hila thickened, darkened, refractive, 1–1.5 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Notes — Verrucocladosporium visseri is phylogenetically
closely related to V. dirinae (isolated from the lichen Dirina
massiliensis, UK, conidiophores macronematous, ramoconidia
16–21 × (2–)2.5–3 μm, conidia 4–18(–23) × (2–)2.5–3.5 μm,
0 –1-septate; Crous et al. 2007b), but distinct in having dimorphic conidiophores, larger ramoconidia and smaller conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Verrucocladosporium dirinae (strain HF16, GenBank KR081411.1; Identities = 612/637 (96 %), 9 gaps (1 %)),
Graphiopsis chlorocephala (strain SDAU Forestry402-4, GenBank KJ682320.1; Identities = 439/465 (94 %), 7 gaps (1 %)),
and Trimmatostroma salinum (strain MZKI B-962, GenBank
AJ238676.1; Identities = 421/450 (94 %), 8 gaps (1 %)). Closest
hits using the LSU sequence are Verrucocladosporium dirinae
(strain MUT 4857, GenBank KP671739.1; Identities = 864/870
(99 %), no gaps), Graphiopsis chlorocephala (strain CBS
121523, GenBank MH874669.1; Identities = 862/870 (99 %),
no gaps), and Trimmatostroma salinum (strain CBS 100461,
GenBank MH874308.1; Identities = 860/870 (99 %), no gaps).
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, IJzerfontein, on Carpobrotus edulis (Aizoaceae), 2016, P.W. Crous, HPC 2556 (holotype CBS H-24243,
culture ex-type CPC 36317 = CBS 146046, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562118.1 and MN567626.1, MycoBank MB832873).
Colour illustrations. Surf spot at ‘Skaapeiland’, IJzerfontein. Colony on
synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
274
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Stomiopeltis syzygii
275
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 967 – 18 December 2019
Stomiopeltis syzygii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Syzygium from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata globose, brown, 80–120 µm diam, pycnidial, opening via irregular rupture. Conidiophores lining the inner cavity,
hyaline to pale brown, subcylindrical, septate, branched or not,
5 – 20 × 3 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary,
phialidic, subcylindrical, hyaline to pale brown, 6 – 8 × 3 – 5 µm.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with obtuse
ends, aseptate, mostly straight, (5 –)8 –10(–12) × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 6 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface olivaceous grey, and reverse iron-grey.
Typus. South africa, Mpumalanga Province, Nelspruit, on leaves of
Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae), 9 Aug. 2014, P.W. Crous, HPC 2564
(holotype CBS H-24254, culture ex-type CPC 36323 = CBS 146129, ITS,
LSU, actA, cmdA and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562119.1, MN567627.1,
MN556787.1, MN556793.1 and MN556822.1, MycoBank MB832874).
Notes — Colonies were established from single ascospores
shot out onto agar. Germinating ascospores were 1-septate,
with germ tubes parallel to the long axis of the spore, germinating from both ends, becoming brown, verruculose, 5 µm diam,
not to very slightly constricted at the septum. The sexual morph
could not be located on the leaf material, but poor sporulation
was induced in culture, and two asci were observed. The asexual morph that formed in culture is relatively nondescript, and
the taxon is tentatively named in Stomiopeltis based on DNA
sequence similarity to other deposited sequences. However,
Stomiopeltis has thyrothecia, and thus cannot belong to the
Mycosphaerellaceae, further suggesting that the sexual morph
of this fungus will have pseudothecial ascomata. Future collections of the sexual morph will hopefully clarify its taxonomy,
and its relationship with Stomiopeltis s.str.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Stomiopeltis phyllanthi (voucher MFLU 18-2115,
GenBank NR_163328.1; Identities = 389/426 (91 %), 10 gaps
(2 %)), Exopassalora zambiae (strain CBS 112971, GenBank
NR_156200.1; Identities = 361/400 (90 %), 8 gaps (2 %)), and
Clypeosphaerella quasiparkii (strain IHBF 2280, GenBank
MF326624.1; Identities = 419/481 (87 %), 16 gaps (3 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Stomiopeltis sinensis
(voucher C450, GenBank MK348018.1; Identities = 751/756
(99 %), no gaps), Chaetothyrina artocarpi (strain MFLUCC 151082, GenBank MF614834.1; Identities = 802/816 (98 %), no
gaps), and Chaetothyrina musarum (strain MFLUCC 15-0383,
GenBank KU710171.1; Identities = 791/806 (98 %), no gaps).
Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to
Davidiellomyces australiensis (strain CBS 142165, GenBank
KY979853.1; Identities = 385/408 (94 %), no gaps), Exopassalora zambiae (strain CBS 112970, GenBank KF903458.1;
Identities = 424/461 (92 %), 5 gaps (1 %)), and Ramularia inaequalis (strain CPC 25742, GenBank KP894336.1; Identities = 469/519 (90 %), 11 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using
the cmdA sequence had highest similarity to Septoria carvi
(strain KML93, GenBank KX822095.1; Identities = 289/304
(95 %), no gaps), Septoria astericola (strain CBS 128587, GenBank KF253998.1; Identities = 284/298 (95 %), no gaps),
and Septoria chrysanthemella (strain CBS 128622, GenBank
KF254028.1; Identities = 284/298 (95 %), no gaps). No significant hits were obtained when the tef1 sequence was used in
blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Syzygium cordatum tree Stomiopeltis syzygii was
isolated from. Conidiogenous cells; conidia; germinating ascospores; asci
and ascospores. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
276
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Teratosphaeria corymbiicola
277
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 968 – 18 December 2019
Teratosphaeria corymbiicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Corymbia from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, 3 – 6 mm diam, subcircular, brown
with a broad red-purple margin. Conidiomata amphigenous,
exuding a mucoid conidial mass; pycnidia brown, globose,
180 – 250 µm diam with central ostiole, or opening via irregular
split. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining inner
cavity, brown, verruculose, doliiform to ampulliform, proliferating
percurrently at apex, 5 –10 × 5 – 6 µm. Conidia solitary, brown,
verruculose, guttulate, 0 –1-septate, subcylindrical, straight to
irregularly curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate, 2.5 – 3 µm
diam, with marginal frill, (17–)25 – 27(– 33) × (4 –)5(– 6) µm, in
culture 1(– 3)-septate, and up to 40 µm long.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 5 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface isabelline to
dirty white, reverse brown vinaceous. On PDA surface isabelline
to dirty white, reverse sepia with diffuse brick pigment. On OA
surface isabelline with diffuse brick pigment.
Typus. auStralia, New South Wales, Sydney, Longueville, on leaves
of Corymbia ficifolia (Myrtaceae), 4 Sept. 2016, A.J. Carnegie, HPC 2539
(holotype CBS H-24244, culture ex-type CPC 36371 = CBS 146047, ITS,
LSU, actA, cmdA, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562120.1,
MN567628.1, MN556788.1, MN556794.1, MN556802.1, MN556823.1 and
MN556840.1, MycoBank MB832875).
Notes — Teratosphaeria corymbiicola is a typical species of
Teratosphaeria that belongs to the species complex that causes
leaf spots and shoot blight of eucalypts (Andjic et al. 2019,
Crous et al. 2019c). Phylogenetically it is close to T. pseudocryptica (conidia aseptate, (10 –)12 –14(–17) × (3.5 –)4(– 6)
μm), although it is morphologically quite distinct.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Kirramyces sp. (strain A16, GenBank EU300986.1;
Identities = 505/506 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Teratosphaeria
pseudocryptica (strain CBS 118504, GenBank KF901687.1;
Identities = 466/475 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Teratosphaeria
rubida (strain CBS 124579, GenBank MH863388.1; Identities =
531/542 (98 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Teratosphaeria complicata (strain CBS 125216, GenBank MH874961.1; Identities = 788/790 (99 %), no gaps), Teratosphaeria hortaea (strain CBS 124156, GenBank MH874881.1;
Identities = 788/790 (99 %), no gaps), and Teratosphaeria
mareebensis (strain CBS 129529, GenBank MH876828.1; Identities = 787/790 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the actA
sequence had highest similarity to Teratosphaeria pseudocryptica (strain CBS 118504, GenBank KF903598.1; Identities =
521/528 (99 %), no gaps), Teratosphaeria rubida (strain CBS
124579, GenBank KF903552.1; Identities = 521/528 (99 %), no
gaps), and Teratosphaeria hortaea (strain CBS 124156, GenBank KF903550.1; Identities = 490/533 (92 %), 9 gaps (1 %)).
Closest hits using the cmdA sequence had highest similarity to
Teratosphaeria pseudocryptica (strain CBS 118504, GenBank
KF902760.1; Identities = 443/455 (97 %), no gaps), Teratosphaeria rubida (strain CBS 124579, GenBank KF902764.1;
Identities = 442/455 (97 %), no gaps), and Austroafricana associata (strain CBS 120732, GenBank KF902532.1; Identities =
275/292 (94 %), 1 gap (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2
sequence had highest similarity to Teratosphaeria molleriana (strain CBS 118359, GenBank KX348104.1; Identities =
754/879 (86 %), no gaps), Teratosphaeria fimbriata (strain CPC
13324, GenBank LT799766.1; Identities = 574/671 (86 %),
no gaps), and Teratosphaeria dunnii (strain CBS 145548,
GenBank MK876491.1; Identities = 777/916 (85 %), no gaps).
Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to
Teratosphaeria pseudocryptica (strain CBS 118504, GenBank
KF903348.1; Identities = 347/365 (95 %), 5 gaps (1 %)), Teratosphaeria rubida (strain CBS 124579, GenBank KF903352.1;
Identities = 346/365 (95 %), 6 gaps (1 %)), and Teratosphaeria
dunnii (strain CBS 145548, GenBank MK876500.1; Identities =
269/322 (84 %), 11 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest similarity to Teratosphaeria pseudocryptica
(strain CPC 11264, GenBank FJ952512.1; Identities = 318/334
(95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Teratosphaeria rubida (strain MUCC 659,
GenBank FJ532013.1; Identities = 319/337 (95 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), and Teratosphaeria australiensis (strain MUCC 695,
GenBank FJ532010.1; Identities = 295/342 (86 %), 13 gaps
(3 %)).
Colour illustrations. Corymbia ficifolia tree Teratosphaeria corymbiicola was
isolated from. Leaf spot; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Angus J. Carnegie, Forest Health & Biosecurity, Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12,
10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
278
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Nothoramichloridium perseae
279
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 969 – 18 December 2019
Anungitiomycetaceae Crous, fam. nov.
Etymology. Based on the genus Anungitiomyces.
Classification — Anungitiomycetaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous to geniculousflexuous, subcylindrical, brown, smooth to finely verruculose,
septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, upper part forming a rachis with tightly aggregated sym-
podial loci, truncate, flattened to subdenticulate, not thickened
nor darkened. Conidia solitary, obclavate to clavate, hyaline to
pale brown, guttulate, thick-walled, smooth to verruculose, apex
obtuse, base truncate, not thickened nor darkened, septate.
Type genus. Anungitiomyces Crous.
MycoBank MB832876.
Genera included — Anungitiomyces, Nothoramichloridium,
Strelitziomyces.
Nothoramichloridium Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to Ramichloridium.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous, subcylindrical,
brown, finely verruculose, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, straight to geniculous-sinuous;
upper part forming a rachis with tightly aggregated sympodial
loci, truncate, subdenticulate, 1 µm diam, not thickened nor
darkened. Conidia solitary, clavate, pale brown, guttulate, thickwalled, verruculose, straight, apex obtuse, base truncate, not
thickened nor darkened, septate.
Type species. Nothoramichloridium perseae Crous.
MycoBank MB832877.
Nothoramichloridium perseae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Persea from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched,
1.5 – 2.5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, flexuous, subcylindrical, brown, finely verruculose, 2 – 3-septate,
80 –150 × 4 – 5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated,
subcylindrical, straight to geniculous-sinuous, 40 –70 × 4 – 5
µm; upper part forming a rachis with tightly aggregated sympodial loci, truncate, subdenticulate, 1 µm diam, not thickened
nor darkened. Conidia solitary, clavate, pale brown, guttulate,
thick-walled, verruculose, straight, apex obtuse, base truncate, 1 µm diam, not thickened nor darkened, 1(– 2)-septate,
with septa forming a protruding rift visible in conidial outline,
(19 –)21– 23(– 26) × 5(– 6) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface rosy buff,
reverse rosy buff to isabelline. On PDA surface buff to isabelline, reverse isabelline. On OA surface buff.
Notes — Nothoramichloridium is phylogenetically allied to
Anungitiomyces and Strelitziomyces, and these genera represent an undescribed family in the Xylariales (Crous et al.
2019a).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Hypoxylon lenormandii (voucher EBS228,
GenBank KM610287.1; Identities = 330/377 (88 %), 18 gaps
(4 %)), Rhinocladiella pyriformis (strain CBS 469.94, GenBank
MH862476.1; Identities = 393/449 (88 %), 14 gaps (3 %)), and
Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (strain CPC 34726, GenBank MK876376.1; Identities = 374/428 (87 %), 15 gaps (3 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Anungitiomyces
stellenboschiensis (strain CPC 34726, GenBank MK876415.1;
Identities = 828/841 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Oxydothis garethjonesii (strain MFLUCC 15-0287, GenBank KY206762.1; Identities = 827/863 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), and Arthrinium malaysianum (strain CBS 102053, GenBank NG_042780.1; Identities
= 826/864 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)).
Typus. South africa, Mpumalanga Province, Nelspruit, on leaves of Persea americana (Lauraceae), 9 Aug. 2014, P.W. Crous, HPC 2565 (holotype
CBS H-24245, culture ex-type CPC 36383 = CBS 146048, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank MN562121.1 and MN567629.1, MycoBank MB832878).
Colour illustrations. Nelspruit Botanical Garden. Colony on synthetic
nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
280
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Hippopotamyces phragmitis
281
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 970 – 18 December 2019
Hippopotamyces Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Hippopota- (from Hippopotamus) grazing at the collection
site.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, brown, opening via irregular
rupture; wall of 6 – 8 layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity,
hyaline, smooth, but green olivaceous in mass, ampulliform to
doliiform, phialidic. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate,
thick-walled, acicular to subcylindrical with taper in upper region
to subobtuse apex, base truncate, irregularly curved, septate.
Type species. Hippopotamyces phragmitis Crous.
MycoBank MB832879.
Hippopotamyces phragmitis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Phragmites from which it was
isolated.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, 180 – 200 µm diam, brown,
opening via irregular rupture; wall of 6–8 layers of brown textura
angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining
the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, but green olivaceous in mass,
ampulliform to doliiform, phialidic, 3 – 4 × 3 – 4 µm. Conidia
solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, thick-walled, acicular to subcylindrical with taper in upper region to subobtuse apex, base
truncate, irregularly curved, 3(– 5)-septate, (25 –)32 – 37(– 45)
× 2.5(– 3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 6 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA
surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. South africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province, St Lucia, on leaves of
Phragmites australis (Poaceae), 2010, P.W. Crous, HPC 2570 (holotype
CBS H-24165, culture ex-type CPC 36385 = CBS 146086, ITS, LSU and
rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562122.1, MN567630.1 and MN556803.1,
MycoBank MB832880).
Notes — Hippopotamyces is septoria-like in morphology
(Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, Verkley et al. 2013), but is phylogenetically distinct, and represents a new genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae (Videira et al. 2017).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Xenosonderhenia eucalypti (strain CBS 138858,
GenBank NR_137937.1; Identities = 494/550 (90 %), 19 gaps
(3 %)), Uwemyces elaeidis (strain CPUwZC-01, GenBank
KX228299.1; Identities = 494/551 (90 %), 19 gaps (3 %)), and
Paramycosphaerella wachendorfiae (strain CBS 129579, GenBank MH865448.1; Identities = 493/551 (89 %), 17 gaps (3 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Paramycosphaerella
marksii (strain CBS 110693, GenBank DQ204758.1; Identities =
792/807 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Paramycosphaerella brachystegiae (strain CBS 136436, GenBank NG_058048.1; Identities =
791/807 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Pseudozasmidium vietnamense (as Mycosphaerella vietnamensis, strain AGI099A,
GenBank EU882134.1; Identities = 783/799 (98 %), 1 gap
(0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest
similarity to Zasmidium syzygii (strain CBS 133580, GenBank
MF951730.1; Identities = 690/888 (78 %), 22 gaps (2 %)),
Zasmidium cellare (strain CBS 892.85, GenBank KT356875.1;
Identities = 719/930 (77 %), 28 gaps (3 %)), and Zasmidium
musigenum (strain CBS 190.63, GenBank MF951718.1; Identities = 699/911 (77 %), 14 gaps (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Phragmites australis plants in St Lucia. Section
through conidioma on synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiogenous cells;
conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
282
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neoconiothyrium viticola
283
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 971 – 18 December 2019
Neoconiothyrium viticola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Vitis from which it was isolated.
Classification — Coniothyriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata immersed to erumpent, solitary, brown, globose,
100 – 200 µm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 3 – 6 layers of
brown textura angularis; wall covered in brown setae, flexuous,
thick-walled, unbranched, smooth, apex obtuse, septate, up to
100 µm long, 4–5 µm wide. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells lining inner cavity, hyaline,
smooth, ampulliform to doliiform, 4 – 6 × 5 – 6 µm; phialidic with
periclinal thickening or percurrent proliferation at apex. Conidia
solitary, aseptate, globose or broadly ellipsoid, becoming golden
brown, smooth to finely roughened, (4–)5–6(–6.5) × (3–)4 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 45 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface pale
olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On PDA surface fawn
to diffuse vinaceous pigment, reverse sepia. On OA surface
iron-grey.
Typus. new Zealand, North Island, Hastings, 2091 Maraekakaho Road,
on stems of Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae), 4 Nov. 2010, M. Romney (holotype CBS
H-24246, culture ex-type T10_04730 = CPC 36397 = CBS 146049, ITS, LSU
and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562123.1, MN567631.1 and MN556804.1,
MycoBank MB832881).
Notes — Neoconiothyrium is characterised by species that
can have conidiomata covered in setae, phialidic conidiogenous
cells, and hyaline to medium brown, smooth to finely verruculose, ellipsoid to subclavate or subcylindrical, 0 –1-septate
conidia (Crous et al. 2017a). Although the taxonomy of the
coniothyrium-like genera is still far from settled, the present collection is tentatively named in Neoconiothyrium, being closely
related to N. hakeae.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Querciphoma carteri (strain CBS 101633, GenBank
JF740180.1; Identities = 452/472 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Coniothyrium hakeae (strain CPC 27620, GenBank NR_154839.1;
Identities = 553/581 (95 %), 14 gaps (2 %)), and Coniothyrium
multiporum (strain SRMC-MYCO6, GenBank KY806410.1;
Identities = 460/484 (95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Ochrocladosporium frigidarii (strain
CBS 103.81, GenBank NG_064123.1; Identities = 879/891
(99 %), no gaps), Coniothyrium telephii (strain UTHSC DI16-189,
GenBank LN907332.1; Identities = 880/893 (99 %), no gaps),
and Wojnowicia rosicola (strain MFLUCC 15-0128, GenBank
MG829091.1; Identities = 865/878 (99 %), 4 gaps (0 %)).
Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Coniothyrium hakeae (strain CPC 29612, GenBank
KY173584.1; Identities = 877/909 (96 %), no gaps), Pyrenophora dictyoides (strain DAOM 75616, GenBank JN993617.1;
Identities = 624/756 (83 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), and Drechslera
phlei (strain DAOM 226243, GenBank JN993628.1; Identities =
616/756 (81 %), 8 gaps (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Vitis vinifera in New Zealand. Colony on potato
dextrose agar; conidioma; conidiomatal setae; conidiogenous cells; conidia.
Scale bars = 150 µm (conidioma), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Raja Thangavel, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries,
P.O. Box 2095, Auckland 1140, New Zealand; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
284
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Distoseptispora caricis
285
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 972 – 18 December 2019
Distoseptispora caricis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Carex from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Distoseptisporaceae, Distoseptisporales,
Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, subcylindrical,
dark brown, smooth, 2 – 4-septate, 35 – 90 × 6 –7 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, cylindrical, brown, smooth,
monoblastic, 13 –16 × 5 – 6 µm. Conidia solitary, obclavate,
brown, smooth, 5 –10-distoseptate, septa with central pore,
wall thick, tapering abruptly at base; basal cell pale brown, with
truncate hilum, 3.5– 4 µm diam; apex obtuse, but in culture developing further, becoming elongated, flexuous, 3–4-euseptate,
frequently with visible mucoid appendage surrounding conidial
apex, conidia (55 –)65 – 85(–100) × 15 –16(–17) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and feathery margin, reaching
6 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. thailand, Chiang Mai, on leaves of Carex sp. (Cyperaceae),
2008, P.W. Crous, HPC 2251 (holotype CBS H-24238, cultures ex-type
CPC 36498 = CBS 146041, CPC 36442 = CBS 146040, ITS, LSU and rpb2
sequences GenBank MN562124.1–MN562125.1, MN567632.1 (CPC 36498)
and MN556805.1– MN556806.1, MycoBank MB832882).
Notes — Distoseptispora has macronematous, septate,
unbranched, brown conidiophores, terminal, blastic conidiogenous cells and olivaceous to brown, septate conidia (Su et
al. 2016). The genus presently includes 18 species, of which
D. caricis is phylogenetically most closely related to D. tectonigena (148 – 225(– 360) × 11–12 μm, cylindrical-obclavate,
20–46-distoseptate) and D. multiseptata (95–290 × 11–20 μm,
obclavate, rostrate, dark-olivaceous green, multi-distoseptate).
Morphologically it is quite distinct, having smaller conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC
36442 had highest similarity to Distoseptispora tectonigena
(strain MFLUCC 12-0292, GenBank NR_154018.1; Identities =
355/411 (86 %), 16 gaps (3 %)), Distoseptispora multiseptata
(voucher MFLU 15-1144, GenBank NR_154017.1; Identities =
345/402 (86 %), 16 gaps (3 %)), and Arthropsis truncata (strain
CBS 584.82, GenBank NR_159641.1; Identities = 323 / 378
(85 %), 18 gaps (4 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 36442
and 36498 are identical (607/607 bases). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence of CPC 36498 are Ellisembia leonensis
(voucher HKUCC 10822, GenBank DQ408566.1; Identities =
828/847 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Distoseptispora sp. DB-2019c
(strain MFLUCC 18-0376, GenBank MN163017.1; Identities = 824/850 (97 %), no gaps), and Distoseptispora dehongensis (as Distoseptispora sp. SNZ-2018a, strain KUMCC
18-0090, GenBank MK079662.1; Identities = 774/809 (96 %),
6 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to Ellisembia leonensis (voucher HKUCC 10822,
GenBank DQ435089.1; Identities = 732/830 (88 %), no gaps),
Penicillium vanluykii (strain DTO 148I2, GenBank JX996615.1;
Identities = 256 /318 (81 %), 6 gaps (1 %)), and Trichoderma
longibrachiatum (strain GJS 01-121, GenBank JN175507.1;
Identities = 251/312 (80 %), no gaps). The rpb2 sequences of
CPC 36442 and 36498 differ with a single nucleotide (843/844
bases similar).
Colour illustrations. Garden in Thailand where D. caricis was collected.
Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
286
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Monochaetia massachusettsianum
287
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 973 – 18 December 2019
Monochaetia massachusettsianum Crous & Jurjević, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the state in the USA where it was collected,
Massachusetts.
Classification — Sporocadaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata acervular, superficial on agar, unilocular, 200–300
µm diam; wall of several layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores arising from upper layer of basal stroma, septate,
branched, or reduced to conidiogenous cells, hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical to lageniform, dissolving at maturity, 6 – 20 ×
2.5 – 3.5 µm; proliferating percurrently at apex. Conidia fusoid,
brown, smooth, mostly straight, 3(– 5)-euseptate with appendages; basal cell obconic, hyaline with truncate hilum; median
cells brown; apical cell conical, hyaline, (23 –)25 – 28(– 30)
× (7–)8–9(–10) µm. Appendages cellular, unbranched, attenuated; apical appendage single central, 7–12 µm long; basal
appendage single, unbranched, centric, 2 –7 µm long (when
present).
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
60 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface cinnamon,
reverse brick. On PDA surface cinnamon, reverse isabelline. On
OA surface isabelline. On Czapek Yeast Extract Agar 23 mm /
25 °C / 7 d, no growth / 37 °C / 7 d.
Typus. uSa, Massachusetts, Cohasset, air in basement, 30 Oct. 2018,
Ž. Jurjević (holotype CBS H-24170, culture ex-type EMSL 5009 = CPC 36626
= CBS 146013, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562126.1,
MN567633.1, MN556807.1 and MN556824.1, MycoBank MB832883).
Notes — Monochaetia is characterised by acervular conidiomata, fusoid and transversely septate conidia, with brown
median cells and a single cellular apical and basal (when
present) appendage (Liu et al. 2019a). Monochaetia massachusettsianum is phylogenetically related to M. monochaeta
(conidia 4(– 5)-septate, 17– 23 × 4.5 –7 μm), and M. kansensis
(conidia 4-septate, 17.5 –19 × 5.5 –7(– 8) μm; Nag Raj 1993),
but distinct in having larger conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 118.66, GenBank MH858742.1; Identities = 565/592 (95 %), 5 gaps (0 %)),
Monochaetia kansensis (strain PSHI2004Endo1031, GenBank
DQ534045.1; Identities = 503/528 (95 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), and
Magnohelicospora iberica (strain FMR 12414, GenBank
KY853450.1; Identities = 523/549 (95 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Monochaetia kansensis
(strain PSHI2004Endo1030, GenBank DQ534035.1; Identities
= 832/839 (99 %), no gaps), Monochaetia ilexae (strain CBS
101009, GenBank MH554176.1; Identities = 827/834 (99 %),
no gaps), and Monochaetia junipericola (strain CBS 143391,
GenBank MH107947.1; Identities = 839/847 (99 %), no gaps).
Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity
to Monochaetia junipericola (strain CBS 143391, GenBank
MH108004.1; Identities = 704/805 (87 %), no gaps), Monochaetia quercus (strain CBS 144034, GenBank MH555068.1;
Identities = 723/830 (87 %), no gaps), and Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 658.95, GenBank MH554977.1; Identities =
719/830 (87 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence
had highest similarity to Monochaetia ilexae (strain CBS
101009, GenBank MH554371.1; Identities = 327/382 (86 %),
15 gaps (3 %)), Monochaetia quercus (strain CBS 144034,
GenBank MH554606.1; Identities = 289/335 (86 %), 11 gaps
(3 %)), and Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 658.95, GenBank MH554499.1; Identities = 271/314 (86 %), 8 gaps (2 %)).
Colour illustrations. Basement where Monochaetia massachusettsianum
was isolated from. Colony on oatmeal agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous
cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Željko Jurjević, EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
288
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Xylaria eucalypti
289
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 974 – 18 December 2019
Xylaria eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Xylariaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Colonies established from ascospores shot out onto agar that
were aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ellipsoid, resembling those
of Neophysalospora and Clypeophysalospora. Conidiomata
sporodochial, 180–200 µm diam, buff to pale brown, consisting
of densely aggregated conidiophores in mucoid droplet. Conidiophores subcylindrical, smooth, pale brown at base, branched, septate, 20 – 40 × 2 – 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline to
pale brown, smooth, terminal and intercalary, subcylindrical
with apical taper, 7–15 × 1.5 – 2 µm, proliferating inconspicuously sympodially at apex. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical, apex subobtuse, base truncate, curved,
(13 –)15 –17(–18) × 1.5 µm. In older cultures on oatmeal agar
acervular conidiomata develop, 200 – 300 µm diam, brown,
opening via irregular flaps, containing a similar asexual morph
as observed on sporodochia in young colonies.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
40 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
and reverse rosy buff.
Notes — Xylaria eucalypti is tentatively placed in Xylaria, as
it is phylogenetically closely related to the genus. However, the
fact that it was cultured from neophysalospora-like ascospores,
suggests that it probably represents an undescribed genus in
Xylariaceae.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Anthostomella brabeji (strain CBS 110128, GenBank
NR_153509.1; Identities = 526/605 (87 %), 26 gaps (4 %)), Xylaria ianthinovelutina (strain C24, GenBank JQ936302.1; Identities = 518/596 (87 %), 27 gaps (4 %)), and Xylaria grammica
(strain KCTC 13121BP, GenBank KY490692.1; Identities =
514/592 (87 %), 22 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Xylaria enteroleuca (strain CBS 128357, GenBank
MH876349.1; Identities = 809/829 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Xylaria
vaporaria (strain CBS 386.35, GenBank MH867226.1; Identities = 797/818 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Xylaria longipes (strain
CBS 148.73, GenBank MH872351.1; Identities = 807/829 (97 %),
1 gap (0 %)). No significant hits were obtained when the tub2
sequence was used in blastn and megablast searches.
Typus. auStralia, New South Wales, Bombala, Coolanguba State Forest, on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata (Myrtaceae), 2016, A.J. Carnegie, HPC
2652 (holotype CBS H-24173, culture ex-type CPC 36723 = CBS 146092,
ITS, LSU and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562127.1, MN567634.1 and
MN556841.1, MycoBank MB832884).
Colour illustrations. Eucalyptus radiata trees at Coolanguba State Forest.
Symptomatic leaves with purple leaf spots; conidiophores with conidiogenous
cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Angus J. Carnegie, Forest Health & Biosecurity, Forest Science, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Level 12,
10 Valentine Ave, Parramatta NSW 2150, Australia; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
290
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Vermiculariopsiella pini
& Neotracylla pini
291
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 975 & 976 – 18 December 2019
Vermiculariopsiella pini Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Pinus from which it was isolated.
Classification — Vermiculariopsiellaceae, Vermiculariopsiellales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata sporodochial, 200 – 600 µm diam, with slimy,
creamy conidial mass; base of brown pseudoparenchymatal
cells giving rise to densely aggregated conidiophores. Setae dispersed throughout sporodochium, thick-walled, brown, smooth,
unbranched, flexuous, subcylindrical, with taper to subacute
apex, multiseptate, 140 – 300(– 550) µm long, base bulbous,
(4–)8–10 µm. Conidiophores subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth,
0 – 2-septate, 20 – 40 × 3 – 4 µm, branched, giving rise to 1– 4
conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells terminal, cymbiform
to ampulliform, pale brown, smooth, phialidic, apex twisted to
the side, periclinal thickening and collarette present, 10 – 20 ×
2.5 – 3.5 µm. Conidia solitary, septate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, fusoid, integrated, inner plane straight, outer plane convex,
base truncate, hilum excentric, 0.5 –1 µm, (17–)19 – 21(– 22)
× 2.5(– 3) µm; ends with mucoid caps, which appears to be
unique for the genus.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
buff, reverse cinnamon.
Typus. malaySia, on needles of Pinus tecunumanii (Pinaceae), 1 Oct.
2018, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2657 (holotype CBS H-24174, culture ex-type
CPC 36727 = CBS 146009, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562128.1
and MN567635.1, MycoBank MB832885).
Note — Vermiculariopsiella is characterised by sporodochia
with brown, erect setae (branched or not), subhyaline conidiophores, phialidic conidiogenous cells, and hyaline, aseptate
conidia (Crous et al. 2014, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017).
Vermiculariopsiella pini is phylogenetically closely related to
V. dichapetali (on Dichapetalum rhodesicum, Botswana; setae
100–300 × 6–10 μm, conidia (10–)17–22(–24) × 2.5(–3) μm).
The two species are best separated based on their DNA data.
Tracyllales Crous, ord. nov.
Etymology. Name based on the genus Tracylla.
Classification — Tracyllaceae, Tracyllales, Sordariomycetes.
Pycnothyria superficial on leaves, round, brown, with central
column of cells; ostiole lacking, margin of catenate, darker brown
cells. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells arising
from a central columella, doliiform to ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth,
with a single conidiogenous locus, phialidic. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, aseptate, smooth, guttulate, falcate to naviculate or
ellipsoid to subcylindrical, apex subobtusely rounded, base
truncate; with or without unbranched polar appendages, not
delimited by septa.
Type family. Tracyllaceae Crous.
MycoBank MB832986.
Neotracylla Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects its morphological similarity to Tracylla.
Conidiomata pycnothyrial, brown, round, scutellum consisting
of a radiating mass of brown cells, verruculose, bifurcating into
two additional radial rows; margin smooth, lobate or with pointed
terminal cells; surface of pycnothyrium cells with dark brown
circular striations, at times conidiomata consisting of smaller
Neotracylla pini Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Pinus from which it was isolated.
Conidiomata pycnothyrial, brown, round, scutellum 80 –150
µm diam, consisting of a radiating mass of brown cells, verruculose, bifurcating into two additional radial rows; margin
smooth, lobate or with pointed terminal cells, 2 – 4 µm long;
surface of pycnothyrium cells with dark brown circular striations,
at times conidiomata consisting of smaller circular scutella that
overlap like roof tiles. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
Colour illustrations. Canopy of Pinus tecunumanii trees seen from below.
Left column Vermiculariopsiella pini: Setae; conidiogenous cells; conidia.
Right column Tracylla pini: Conidiomata on oatmeal agar; overlapping pycnothyrial conidiomata; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
circular scutella that overlap like roof tiles. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, subcylindrical to doliiform, pale
brown, smooth, phialidic. Conidia aseptate, formed singly,
hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, slightly curved,
inner plane flat, outer plane convex, base pointed, curved
towards inner plane.
Type species. Neotracylla pini Crous.
MycoBank MB832886.
cells, subcylindrical to doliiform, pale brown, smooth, 7–10 ×
3 – 4 µm, phialidic, occurring under scutellum (although hard
to discern). Conidia aseptate, formed singly, hyaline, smooth,
subcylindrical, apex obtuse, slightly curved, inner plane flat,
outer plane convex, base pointed, curved towards inner plane,
(8 –)9 –10(–11) × 3(– 3.5) µm.
Typus. malaySia, on needles of Pinus tecunumanii (Pinaceae), 1 Oct.
2018, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2657 (holotype CBS H-24175, culture ex-type
CPC 36731 = CBS 146010, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562129.1
and MN567636.1, MycoBank MB832887).
Notes — Tracylla is characterised by having brown, superficial pycnothyria, with hyaline, aseptate conidia with or without
polar appendages (Crous et al. 2018c). Three species are presently recognised in the genus, which can all be distinguished
from T. pini based on their conidium morphology.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
292
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Clypeosphaeria oleae
Fungal Planet description sheets
293
Fungal Planet 977 – 18 December 2019
Clypeosphaeria oleae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Olea from which it was isolated.
Classification — Xylariaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Associated with pale brown, subcircular, amphigenous leaf
spots, 1– 3 cm diam, with red brown border. Cultures were derived from 1–3-septate fusoid, brown ascospores, but ascomata
could not be located on host material. Mycelium consisting
of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, medium brown, smooth,
1– 2-septate, subcylindrical with apical taper, 30 – 50 × 3 µm.
Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown,
smooth, 20–30 × 2–3 µm, forming a rachis with sympodial loci,
pimple-like, 0.5 µm diam, not thickened nor darkened. Conidia
solitary, aggregated in mucoid mass, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, spindle-shaped, curved, apex subobtuse, base truncate,
(17–)19 – 22(– 25) × 1.5(– 2) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface buff, reverse cinnamon.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Olea capensis (Oleaceae), 21 Nov. 2018, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2706
(holotype CBS H-24177, culture ex-type CPC 36779 = CBS 146080, ITS
and LSU sequences GenBank MN562130.1 and MN567637.1, MycoBank
MB832888).
Notes — The genus Clypeosphaeria (based on C. mamillana) is a member of the Xylariaceae, and has brown, septate
ascospores (Jaklitsch et al. 2016). Although the sexual morph
of the present collection could not be traced (other than the
geminating ascospores shot out onto agar plates), the xylariaceous asexual morph, ascospores, and DNA phylogeny
suggest that it is presently best to accommodate it as a new
species of Clypeosphaeria.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Anthostomella eucalyptorum (strain 2741, GenBank
AM922205.1; Identities = 432/478 (90 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), and
Digitodochium rhodoleucum (strain NBRC 32296, GenBank
LC146732.1; Identities = 434/491 (88 %), 23 gaps (4 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Clypeosphaeria
mamillana (strain CBS 140735, GenBank MH554225.1; Identities = 783/801 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Anthostomella eucalyptorum (strain CBS 120036, GenBank DQ890026.1; Identities =
806/825 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and Xylaria arbuscula (strain CBS
126416, GenBank MH875561.1; Identities = 806/826 (98 %),
3 gaps (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Knysna forest in South Africa. Sporulation on synthetic
nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
294
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Leptosillia mayteni
Fungal Planet description sheets
295
Fungal Planet 978 – 18 December 2019
Leptosillia mayteni Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Maytenus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Leptosilliaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary to aggregated, pycnidial, globose, brown,
180 – 200 µm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 6 – 8 layers of
pale brown textura angularis. Conidiophores lining the inner
cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, 0 – 3-septate, branched
at base or not, 7– 30 × 1.5 – 2 µm. Conidiogenous cells hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical, 5–8 × 1.5 µm, proliferating percurrently
at apex, at times with three conidia still attached to apex. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, bean-shaped, slightly curved,
inequilateral, inner plane flat, outer plan convex, apex and base
rounded toward inner plane, (4 –)5(– 6) × 1.5 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
dirty white, reverse cinnamon. On PDA surface and reverse
cinnamon. On OA surface dirty white with diffuse cinnamon
pigment.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Maytenus heterophylla (Celastraceae), 23 Nov. 2018, F. Roets, HPC
2721 (holotype CBS H-24178, culture ex-type CPC 37000 = CBS 146079,
ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562131.1, MN567638.1 and
MN556808.1, MycoBank MB832889).
Notes — The genus Leptosillia was recently treated by
Voglmayr et al. (2019). Although L. mayteni was isolated from
leaves, most species of Leptosillia are isolated from bark and
twigs. Morphologically, the asexual morph of L. mayteni is
most similar to that of L. wienkampii, conidia (5 –)5.5 – 6.2(–7)
× (1.4–)1.6–1.9(–2.1) μm, although the two species are phylogenetically quite distinct.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Leptosillia wienkampii (as Leptosillia sp. HV-2019e,
strain CRW, GenBank MK527865.1; Identities = 398/427 (93 %),
4 gaps (0 %)), Liberomyces saliciphilus (as Sordariomycetes
sp. SP-2010b, strain H041, GenBank FR715510.1; Identities =
397/427 (93 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), and Leptosillia slaptonensis (as
Leptosillia sp. HV-2019d, strain CRU1, GenBank MK527859.1;
Identities = 389/428 (91 %), 5 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Leptosillia slaptonensis (as Leptosillia
sp. HV-2019d, strain CRU2, GenBank MK527860.1; Identities = 822/842 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Leptosillia wienkampii (as
Leptosillia sp. HV-2019e, strain CRW, GenBank MK527865.1;
Identities = 808/828 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Leptosillia
acerina (as Leptosillia sp. HV-2019a, strain CRA2, GenBank
MK527850.1; Identities = 818/839 (97 %), no gaps). No
significant hits were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was
used in blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Knysna forest with Maytenus heterophylla trees.
Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
296
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis
297
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 979 – 18 December 2019
Nothodactylariaceae Crous, fam. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the genus Nothodactylaria.
Classification — Nothodactylariaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary or aggregated in clusters, subcylindrical, unbranched, erect, hyaline to pale brown, smooth,
with slight apical taper, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal,
integrated, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical with
apical taper, forming a rachis with sympodially proliferating
pimple-like denticles. Conidia solitary, aggregating in a mucoid
mass, septate, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, straight, apex obtuse, tapering to truncate hilum.
Type genus. Nothodactylaria Crous.
MycoBank MB833022.
Nothodactylaria Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to its similarity with Dactylaria.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
hyphae. Conidiophores solitary or aggregated in clusters, subcylindrical, unbranched, erect, hyaline to pale brown, smooth,
with slight apical taper, septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal,
integrated, hyaline to pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical with
apical taper, forming a rachis with sympodially proliferating
pimple-like denticles. Conidia solitary, aggregating in a mucoid
mass, septate, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, straight, apex obtuse, tapering to truncate hilum.
Type species. Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis Crous.
MycoBank MB833023.
Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Nephrolepis from which it was
isolated.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary or aggregated
in clusters of 2 – 6, subcylindrical, unbranched, erect, hyaline
to pale brown, smooth, with slight apical taper, 1– 2-septate,
30 – 50 × 3 – 4.5 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, integrated,
hyaline to pale brown, smooth, subcylindrical with apical taper,
forming a rachis with sympodially proliferating pimple-like denticles, 0.5 µm diam, 25–45 × 3–4 µm. Conidia solitary, aggregating in a mucoid mass, 1(–3)-septate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate
to granular, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, straight, apex
obtuse, tapering to truncate hilum, 1 µm diam, (7–)12–16(–18)
× 2(– 2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, surface
folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface and reverse cinnamon.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata (Lomariopsidaceae), 23 Nov. 2018, F. Roets,
HPC 2722 (holotype CBS H-24179, culture ex-type CPC 37028 = CBS
146078, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562132.1, MN567639.1
and MN556809.1, MycoBank MB832890).
Notes — Dactylaria is characterised by having hyaline conidiophores and septate, hyaline conidia formed on denticles
(De Hoog 1985). The genus Dactylaria is polyphyletic, and
the phylogeny of its type species (D. purpurella) remains unresolved. Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis resembles Dactylaria,
but clusters apart from other species considered to belong to
Dactylaria s.lat.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Inocybe ochroalba (strain 254, GenBank
EU326165.1; Identities = 504/554 (91 %), 21 gaps (3 %)),
Dactylaria fragilis (strain MG12, GenBank KM246212.1; Identities = 366/409 (89 %), 15 gaps (3 %)), and Cylindrium purgamentum (strain CPC 29580, GenBank NR_155691.1; Identities
= 474/553 (86 %), 17 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU
sequence are Pseudotruncatella arezzoensis (strain MFLUCC
14-0988, GenBank MG192317.1; Identities = 813/843 (96 %),
1 gap (0 %)), Dactylaria sparsa (strain P055, GenBank
EU107291.1; Identities = 798/829 (96 %), 6 gaps (0 %)), and
Dactylaria fragilis (strain P057, GenBank EU107290.1; Identities = 795/826 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). No significant hits were
obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used in blastn and
megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Knysna forest where Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis
was collected. Colony on synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiophores with
conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
298
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cyphellophora goniomatis
299
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 980 – 18 December 2019
Cyphellophora goniomatis Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Gonioma from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Cyphellophoraceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous
loci on hyphae, pale brown, smooth, phialidic, collarettes flared,
2 – 2.5 µm diam, loci 1–1.5 µm diam. Conidia aggregating in
mucoid droplets, pale brown, smooth, guttulate, fusoid, inner
plane flat, outer plane convex, apex subobtuse, tapering toward
inner plane, base truncate, 1 µm diam, (0–)1(–3)-septate, (10–)
15 –18(– 20) × (1.5–)2(– 2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, surface
folded, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
margin, reaching 30 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA,
PDA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area,
on leaves of Gonioma kamassi (Apocynaceae), 23 Nov. 2018, F. Roets,
HPC 2698 (holotype CBS H-24180, culture ex-type CPC 37032 = CBS
146077, ITS, LSU, actA, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562133.1,
MN567640.1, MN556789.1, MN556825.1 and MN556842.1, MycoBank
MB832891).
Notes — Cyphellophora is characterised by pigmented
phialides occurring directly on hyphae or occasionally on flaskshaped conidiogenous cells, and producing small clusters of
olivaceous, septate, mostly curved conidia (Cheewangkoon
et al. 2009, Crous et al. 2019b). Cyphellophora goniomatis is
phylogenetically related to C. guyanensis (from angiosperm,
French Guyana, conidia (2–)3–6-septate, (18–)19.7–28(–29)
× 1.5–2 µm; Decock et al. 2003), although it has smaller conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Cyphellophora guyanensis (strain MUCL 43737,
GenBank GU225943.1; Identities = 564/578 (98 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), Exophiala spinifera (strain CBS 126014, GenBank
KF928476.1; Identities = 532 / 549 (97 %), 4 gaps (0 %)),
and Cyphellophora eucalypti (strain CBS 124764, GenBank
GQ303274.1; Identities = 592/611 (97 %), 5 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cyphellophora guyanensis
(strain CBS 129342, GenBank MH876666.1; Identities = 837/841
(99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Cyphellophora eucalypti (strain CBS
124764, GenBank KC455254.1; Identities = 835 /841 (99 %),
1 gap (0 %)), and Cyphellophora artocarpi (strain CHCJHBJBLM, GenBank KP122930.1; Identities = 756/ 762 (99 %),
no gaps). Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest
similarity to Cyphellophora eucalypti (strain CBS 124764,
GenBank JQ325009.1; Identities = 511/528 (97 %), no gaps),
Scolecostigmina mangiferae (strain CBS 125467, GenBank
GU320566.1; Identities = 510/527 (97 %), no gaps), and Ophionectria trichospora (strain CBS 314.75, GenBank KM231181.1;
Identities = 517/539 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)). No significant hits
were obtained when the tef1 sequence was used in blastn and
megablast searches. Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had
highest similarity to Cyphellophora guyanensis (strain CBS
125756, GenBank JQ766338.1; Identities = 358/377 (95 %),
no gaps), Cyphellophora artocarpi (strain CHCJHBJBLM, GenBank KP122925.1; Identities = 362/390 (93 %), 1 gap (0 %)),
and Ophionectria trichospora (strain CBS 314.75, GenBank
KM232047.1; Identities = 228/252 (90 %), 6 gaps (2 %)).
Colour illustrations. Knysna forest with Gonioma kamassi trees. Conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
300
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Scolecobasidium blechni
Fungal Planet description sheets
301
Fungal Planet 981 – 18 December 2019
Scolecobasidium blechni Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Blechnum from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of medium brown, smooth, branched, septate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae, giving rise to hyphal coils. Conidiophores erect, solitary or at times two arising from the same
basal cell, 2 – 3-septate, unbranched, straight to irregularly
curved, brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 18 – 40 × 2.5 – 3 µm.
Conidiogenous cells terminal, medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 8–22 × 2.5–3 µm with 1–4 terminal denticles, 1–1.5 ×
1 µm. Conidia solitary, medianly 1-septate (or up to 3-septate),
fusoid-ellipsoid to subcylindrical, curved to straight, apex obtuse, base with basal marginal frill, 0.5 µm long, medium brown,
verruculose, (9 –)11–12(–14) × (3–)3.5 – 4 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 20
mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
and reverse isabelline.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Blechnum capense (Blechnaceae), 23 Nov. 2018, F. Roets, HPC
2704 (holotype CBS H-24181, culture ex-type CPC 37047 = CBS 146055,
ITS, LSU, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562134.1, MN567641.1,
MN556826.1 and MN556843.1, MycoBank MB832892).
Notes — Scolecobasidium represents an older name for
the genus commonly referred to as Ochroconis (Seifert et al.
2011). Scolecobasidium blechni is phylogenetically related to
Ochroconis cordanae (conidia 1-septate, obovoidal to broadly
fusiform, ((5 –)7– 9(–10) × (2.5 –)3 – 3.5 μm; Samerpitak et al.
2014) and O. macrozamiae ((5–)8–10(–12) × (3–)3.5(–4) μm;
Crous et al. 2014), but is distinct based on its slightly longer
conidia and DNA phylogeny.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Ochroconis cordanae (strain CBS 101179, GenBank
KF156020.1; Identities = 548/622 (88 %), 42 gaps (6 %)), Ochroconis macrozamiae (strain CBS 102491, GenBank KF156021.1;
Identities = 569/653 (87 %), 48 gaps (7 %)), and Ochroconis
musae (strain CBS 145061, GenBank MK442605.1; Identities =
353/404 (87 %), 16 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU
sequence are Ochroconis macrozamiae (strain CBS 102491,
GenBank KF156152.1; Identities = 773/789 (98 %), 10 gaps
(1 %)), Ochroconis constricta (strain CBS 269.61, GenBank
MH869616.1; Identities = 828/869 (95 %), 13 gaps (1 %)),
and Ochroconis robusta (strain NH673, GenBank LC469382.1;
Identities = 820/860 (95 %), 11 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to Ochroconis
macrozamiae (strain CBS 102491, GenBank KF155983.1;
Identities = 370/419 (88 %), 20 gaps (4 %)), Scolecobasidium
variabile (strain NBRC 32268, GenBank DQ307356.1; Identities = 229/257 (89 %), 6 gaps (2 %)), and Ochroconis humicola (strain NBRC 32054, GenBank AB564640.1; Identities =
380/473 (80 %), 4 gaps (9 %)). Closest hits using the tub2
sequence had highest similarity to Ochroconis macrozamiae
(strain CBS 102491, GenBank KF156191.1; Identities = 405/438
(92 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Acremonium exuviarum (strain UAMH 9995,
GenBank AY882947.1; Identities = 228/264 (86 %), 5 gaps
(1 %)), and Setophoma pseudosacchari (strain CBS 145373,
GenBank MK540176.1; Identities = 226/265 (85 %), 5 gaps
(1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Knysna forest with Blechnum capense trees. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
302
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Strelitziomyces knysnanus
303
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 982 – 18 December 2019
Strelitziomyces Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Strelitzia from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Anungitiomycetaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, hyphae. Conidiophores
arising from superficial hyphae, erect, solitary, subcylindrical,
hyaline to pale brown at base, septate, mostly unbranched, with
terminal conidiogenous cells that are subcylindrical, hyaline,
smooth, rarely pale brown, with terminal rachis of subdenticulate
loci; loci truncate, not thickened nor darkened. Conidia solitary,
hyaline, smooth, medianly 1-septate, fusoid, apex subobtuse,
base truncate. Sclerotium-like bodies formed prominently on
and in agar, dark brown, muriformly septate, globose.
Type species. Strelitziomyces knysnanus Crous.
MycoBank MB 832893.
Strelitziomyces knysnanus Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the location where it was collected, Knysna.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, 1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores arising from superficial hyphae, erect,
solitary, subcylindrical, 5 – 35 × 2 – 3 µm, hyaline to pale brown
at base, 0–3-septate, mostly unbranched, with terminal conidiogenous cells that are subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth, rarely pale
brown, 5–25 × 2–2.5 µm, with terminal rachis of subdenticulate
loci, 1–2 × 0.5–1 µm; loci truncate, not thickened nor darkened.
Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, medianly 1-septate, fusoid,
apex subobtuse, base truncate, 1 µm diam, (24–)30–32 × 2 µm.
Sclerotium-like bodies formed prominently on and in agar, dark
brown, muriformly septate, 30 – 80 µm diam, globose, lacking
an ostiole, and remaining sterile although they are reminiscent
of a coelomycete synasexual morph.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 10
mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface isabelline with
diffuse isabelline pigment, reverse isabelline. On PDA surface
smoke grey, reverse isabelline. On OA surface isabelline.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area,
on leaves of Strelitzia alba (Strelitziaceae), 21 Nov. 2018, F. Roets, HPC
2727 (holotype CBS H-24183, culture ex-type CPC 37067 = CBS 146056,
ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562135.1, MN567642.1 and
MN556810.1, MycoBank MB832894).
Notes — Strelitziomyces is closely related to Anungitiomyces, a monotypic genus occurring on Eucalyptus leaf litter in
South Africa (Crous et al. 2019a). Anungitiomyces is characterised by brown, erect conidiophores, 0–1-septate, obclavate,
hyaline conidia, arising via sympodial conidiogenesis. The main
differences between the two genera lie in the lack of pigmentation in Strelitziomyces, and the prominently formed sclerotiumlike bodies.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (strain CPC
34726, GenBank MK876376.1; Identities = 537/616 (87 %),
31 gaps (5 %)), Rhinocladiella pyriformis (strain CBS 469.94,
GenBank MH862476.1; Identities = 379/434 (87 %), 15 gaps
(3 %)), and Pseudotruncatella arezzoensis (strain MFLUCC
14-0988, GenBank NR_157489.1; Identities = 352/399 (88 %),
19 gaps (4 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are
Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (strain CPC 34726, GenBank MK876415.1; Identities = 810/826 (98 %), 1 gap (0 %)),
Oxydothis garethjonesii (strain MFLUCC 15-0287, GenBank
KY206762.1; Identities = 804/837 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), and
Entosordaria quercina (strain RQ, GenBank MF488994.1;
Identities = 800/837 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). No significant hits
were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used in blastn
and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Strelitzia alba plants in Knysna forest. Colony on
synthetic nutrient poor agar; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; conidia;
sclerotia. Scale bars = 80 µm (sclerotia), 10 µm (conidia and conidiogenous
cells).
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
304
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Gyrothrix oleae
Fungal Planet description sheets
305
Fungal Planet 983 – 18 December 2019
Gyrothrix oleae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Olea from which it was isolated.
Classification — Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
2 – 3 µm diam hyphae. Setae erect, 100 –150 µm long, 3 – 4 µm
diam, brown, multiseptate, thick-walled, verruculose to warty,
subcylindrical with apical taper, base bulbous, 4 – 6 µm diam,
apex spirally curved, apical region frequently with curved lateral
branches. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells arranged around the base of setae, subcylindrical to ampulliform,
hyaline to subhyaline, smooth, 7–13 × 2 – 3 µm, proliferating
percurrently at apex. Conidia hyaline, smooth, aseptate, fusoid, inequilateral, inner plane flat, outer plane convex, apex
subobtuse, tapering toward inner plane, base with excentric,
truncate hilum, tapering towards inner plane, (7–)9 –10(–11)
× (1.5–)2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface and
reverse mouse grey. On OA surface pale purplish grey.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area,
on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa (Oleaceae), 22 Nov. 2018,
F. Roets, HPC 2728 (holotype CBS H-24184, culture ex-type CPC 37069 = CBS
146069, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562136.1 and MN567643.1,
MycoBank MB832895).
Notes — The hyphomycete genus Gyrothrix closely resembles Circinotrichum (see FP960). Gyrothrix oleae is closely
related to Circinotrichum papakurae (setae unbranched, conidia
11–17 × 1.5 – 2 µm; Hughes & Pirozynski 1971) and Gyrothrix
ramosa (setae branched, conidia 14 –19 × 2 – 2.7 µm; Zucconi
& Onofri 1989), but can be distinguished based on its smaller
conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC 37069
had highest similarity to Ascotricha pusilla (strain CBS 132.60,
GenBank MH857921.1; Identities = 506/592 (85 %), 29 gaps
(4 %)), Xylaria liquidambaris (voucher HMJAU 22124, GenBank
JX256826.1; Identities = 506/597 (85 %), 33 gaps (5 %)), and
Virgaria boninensis (strain JCM 18622, GenBank AB670709.1;
Identities = 395/439 (90 %), 15 gaps (3 %)). The ITS sequences of CPC 37063 and 37069 differ with a single nucleotide
(581/582 bases similar). Closest hits using the LSU sequence of
CPC 37069 are Circinotrichum papakurae (strain CBS 101373,
GenBank KR611897.1; Identities = 819/840 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)),
Gyrothrix ramosa (strain MUCL 54061, GenBank KC775722.1;
Identities = 781/802 (97 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), and Gyrothrix inops
(strain BE108, GenBank KC775721.1; Identities = 790/814
(97 %), 6 gaps (0 %)). The LSU sequences of CPC 37063 and
37069 differ with a single nucleotide (837/838 bases similar).
Additional material examined. South africa, Western Cape Province,
Knysna, Knysna area, on Diospyros whyteana (Ebenaceae), 22 Nov. 2018,
F. Roets, HPC 2720, culture CPC 37063 = CBS 146068, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562137.1 and MN567644.1.
Colour illustrations. Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa trees in Knysna
forest. Conidiogenous cells; conidia; setae. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
306
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Scolecobasidium podocarpicola
307
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 984 – 18 December 2019
Scolecobasidium podocarpicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Podocarpus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of smooth, medium brown, septate, branched, 1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae, forming hyphal coils. Conidiophores erect, 1-septate, unbranched, medium brown, smooth,
subcylindrical, 9–17 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal,
medium brown, smooth, subcylindrical, 6 –10 × 2.5 – 3 µm,
with 1– 4 terminal cylindrical denticles, 1–1.5 × 1 µm. Conidia
solitary, 1(– 3)-septate, subcylindrical, apex obtuse, base with
marginal frill, 0.5 µm long, medium brown, verruculose, (19 –)
22 – 25(– 26) × (2.5–)3 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
25 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
and reverse umber.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Podocarpus latifolius (Podocarpaceae), 20 Nov. 2018, F. Roets,
HPC 2739 (holotype CBS H-24185, culture ex-type CPC 37078 = CBS
146057, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562138.1, MN567645.1
and MN556811.1, MycoBank MB832896).
Notes — Scolecobasidium podocarpicola is related to but
distinct from species of Scolecobasidium (incl. Ochroconis)
based on its conidial morphology, being subcylindrical, 1(– 3)septate, (19 –)22 – 25(– 26) × (2.5 –)3 µm. Of interest is the
fact that S. podocarpicola was cultured from spermatia oozing
from a spermatogonium, suggesting that it could have a sexual
morph, and that it proved to be closely related to a sexual species, Ochroconis sexualis (Samerpitak et al. 2014).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Ochroconis sexualis (strain PPRI 12991,
GenBank NR_132049.1; Identities = 454/522 (87 %), 22 gaps
(4 %)), Ochroconis mirabilis (strain UTHSC 04-2378, GenBank
LM644513.1; Identities = 416/495 (84 %), 32 gaps (6 %)), and
Ochroconis icarus (strain CBS 536.69, GenBank MH859368.1;
Identities = 400/476 (84 %), 26 gaps (5 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Ochroconis sexualis (strain PPRI 12991,
GenBank NG_060299.1; Identities = 747/778 (96 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), Ochroconis robusta (strain CBS 112.97, GenBank
NG_058141.1; Identities = 803/837 (96 %), 6 gaps (0 %)),
and Ochroconis bacilliformis (strain CBS 100442, GenBank
NG_058140.1; Identities = 800/838 (95 %), 7 gaps (0 %)).
Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest similarity to
Ochroconis musicola (strain CPC 32927, GenBank MH327876.1;
Identities = 686/838 (82 %), 12 gaps (1 %)), Scolecobasidium
terreum (strain CBS 536.69, GenBank FR832487.1; Identities =
667/818 (82 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), and Ochroconis humicola (strain
HGUP1204, GenBank JX546578.1; Identities = 662/843 (79 %),
21 gaps (2 %)).
Colour illustrations. Base of Podocarpus latifolius tree in Knysna. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
308
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Ceramothyrium podocarpicola
309
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 985 – 18 December 2019
Ceramothyrium podocarpicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Podocarpus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to phialidic conidiogenous cells arising from superficial hyphae, separate, not
aggregated in clusters, ampulliform to subcylindrical, medium
brown, smooth, 3 –7 µm long, apex with long cylindrical neck,
1– 3 µm long, slightly flared, base frequently ellipsoid, 3 –7 µm
diam, attached to hyphae laterally via small hyphal peg. Conidia
hyaline, smooth, aseptate, triangular, with apex obtuse, tapering
towards truncate base, 2–3 µm long, 1.5–2 µm diam, base 1 µm
diam; older conidia becoming swollen, ellipsoid.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, surface folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and feathery margin,
reaching 10 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface greyish sepia, reverse dark mouse grey. On PDA and OA surface
and reverse mouse grey.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Podocarpus latifolius (Podocarpaceae), 20 Nov. 2018, F. Roets,
HPC 2696 (holotype CBS H-24186, culture ex-type CPC 37080 = CBS
146093, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562139.1 and MN567646.1,
MycoBank MB832898).
Notes — Ceramothyrium podocarpicola is phylogenetically
related to Ceramothyrium, an epiphyllous genus of ascomycetes with Stanhughesia asexual morphs (see Ceramothyrium
podocarpi; Crous et al. 2012a). Morphologically, the present
collection is quite distinct from Stanhughesia, but we suspect
that what we observed in culture is actually a synasexual morph,
as the species was originally isolated as a Stanhughesia morph
from Podocarpus leaves.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Chaetothyrium agathis (strain MFLUCC 12-0113,
GenBank NR_132914.1; Identities = 451/509 (89 %), 22 gaps
(4 %)), Ceramothyrium exiguum (strain VTCC F-1209, GenBank
NR_159757.1; Identities = 438/499 (88 %), 18 gaps (3 %)),
and Ceramothyrium exiguum (strain VTCC F-1209, GenBank
LC360297.1; Identities = 438/499 (88 %), 18 gaps (3 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Ceramothyrium thailandicum (voucher MFLU 13-0632, GenBank KP324930.1; Identities = 794/824 (96 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Ceramothyrium carniolicum (strain CBS 175.95, GenBank KC455251.1; Identities =
835/867 (96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Ceramothyrium linnaeae
(strain CBS 742.94, GenBank MH874144.1; Identities = 834/866
(96 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Knysna forest with Podocarpus latifolius trees. Hyphae
with conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
310
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pseudopenidiella podocarpi
311
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 986 – 18 December 2019
Pseudopenidiella podocarpi Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Podocarpus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Microthyriaceae, Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, verruculose, branched,
septate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary,
erect, medium brown, smooth but verruculose in upper cell,
subcylindrical, unbranched, 1– 6-septate, 10 –110 × 3 – 4 µm;
base swollen, 4 –7 µm diam. Conidiogenous cells integrated,
terminal, subcylindrical, pale to medium brown, verruculose,
10–15 × 3–3.5 µm, proliferating sympodially with one to several
flat-tipped apical loci, 1 µm diam. Conidia pale brown, verruculose, aseptate, guttulate, ends obtuse, hila truncate, 0.5–1
µm diam, not thickened nor darkened. Secondary ramoconidia
(9 –)12 –13 × (2.5 –)3 – 3.5 µm; conidia in unbranched chains
(– 30), (9 –)11–12(–15) × 2.5(– 3) µm; hila not thickened nor
darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 8 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse umber.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Podocarpus latifolius (Podocarpaceae), 22 Nov. 2018, F. Roets,
HPC 2710 (holotype CBS H-24187, culture ex-type CPC 37092 = CBS
146067, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562140.1 and MN567647.1,
MycoBank MB832899).
Notes — Pseudopenidiella is characterised by having erect,
brown conidiophores, sympodial conidiogenesis, and aseptate
conidia with somewhat thickened scars and hila (Bensch et
al. 2012, Crous et al. 2012b). Pseudopenidiella podocarpi is
related to P. piceae (ramoconidia 8 – 12 × 2 – 3 μm, conidia
(6 –)7– 9(–10) × (2.5 –)3 μm; Crous et al. 2012b), but distinct
in having larger conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC
37092 had highest similarity to Pseudopenidiella piceae (strain
CBS 131453, GenBank NR_111761.1; Identities = 443/484
(92 %), 9 gaps (1 %)), Morenoina calamicola (strain MFLUCC
14-1162, GenBank NR_154210.1; Identities = 327/394 (83 %),
20 gaps (5 %)), and Leptomelanconium allescheri (strain LA_
kult_01, GenBank MF573935.1; Identities = 314/376 (84 %),
21 gaps (5 %)). The ITS sequence of CPC 37092 differs with
a single nucleotide from that of CPC 37094 (554/555 bases
similar). Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 37092
are Pseudopenidiella piceae (strain CBS 131453, GenBank
NG_042681.1; Identities = 802/824 (97 %), no gaps), Heliocephala gracilis (strain MUCL 41200, GenBank HQ333479.1;
Identities = 741/829 (89 %), 10 gaps (1 %)), and Heliocephala
zimbabweensis (strain MUCL 40019, GenBank HQ333481.1;
Identities = 738/826 (89 %), 4 gaps (0 %)). The LSU sequences
of CPC 37092 and CPC 37094 are identical (824/824 bases).
Additional material examined. South africa, Western Cape Province,
Knysna, Knysna area, on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius (Podocarpaceae),
22 Nov. 2018, F. Roets, HPC 2710, culture CPC 37094, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN562141.1 and MN567648.1.
Colour illustrations. Podocarpus latifolius trees in Knysna forest. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
312
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cylindromonium eugeniicola
313
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 987 – 18 December 2019
Cylindromonium Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to its cylindrical conidia and acremonium-like
morphology.
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched, hyphae. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, appearing as individual
unbranched conidiophores, septate with a terminal phialide,
or as complex structures with a basal cylindrical cell that gives
rise to 2–4 phialides; basal cell subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth,
septate. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, phialidic, subcylindrical with apical taper; apex with flared collarette. Conidia
solitary, aggregated in mucoid packets, cylindrical with obtuse
ends, medianly 1-septate, hyaline, smooth, granular.
Type species. Cylindromonium eugeniicola Crous.
MycoBank MB832900.
Cylindromonium eugeniicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eugenia from which it was
isolated.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, septate, branched, hyphae. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, appearing as individual
unbranched conidiophores, septate with a terminal phialide,
or as complex structures with a basal cylindrical cell that gives
rise to 2–4 phialides; basal cell subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth,
septate. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, phialidic, subcylindrical with apical taper; apex with flared collarette. Conidia
solitary, aggregated in mucoid packets, cylindrical with obtuse
ends, medianly 1-septate, hyaline, smooth, granular.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with folded surface, sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface buff,
reverse cinnamon. On PDA surface buff, reverse rosy buff. On
OA surface buff.
Typus. South africa, Eastern Cape Province, Amathole, Haga Haga, on
leaf litter of Eugenia capensis (Myrtaceae), 2010, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2750
(holotype CBS H-24189, culture ex-type CPC 37170 = CBS 146075, ITS
and LSU sequences GenBank MN562142.1 and MN567649.1, MycoBank
MB832901).
Notes — Cylindromonium is related to Phialoseptomonium
(Crous et al. 2019a), but distinct in that it has cylindrical conidia,
similar to ‘A. lichenicola’ CBS 303.70 and ‘A. rhabdosporum’
CBS 438.66, which appear to be congeneric, also having cylindrical conidia (Giraldo & Crous 2019).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Acremonium lichenicola (strain CBS 188.70, GenBank MH859549.1; Identities = 544/600 (91 %), 15 gaps (2 %)),
Acremonium rhabdosporum (strain CBS 438.66, GenBank
MH858850.1; Identities = 543/600 (91 %), 17 gaps (2 %)),
and Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (strain CBS 145542, GenBank MK876402.1; Identities = 541/599 (90 %), 17 gaps (2 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Acremonium lichenicola (strain CBS 415.70A, GenBank MH871536.1; Identities =
805/830 (97 %), no gaps), Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (strain
CBS 145542, GenBank MK876443.1; Identities = 789/814 (97 %),
no gaps), and Sarcopodium flavolanatum (strain CBS 128370,
GenBank MH876362.1; Identities = 804/830 (97 %), no gaps).
Cylindromonium lichenicola (W. Gams) Crous, comb. nov.
MycoBank MB832902.
Basionym. Acremonium lichenicola W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 134. 1971.
Cylindromonium rhabdosporum (W. Gams) Crous, comb.
nov.
MycoBank MB832903.
Basionym. Acremonium rhabdosporum W. Gams, Cephalosporium-artige
Schimmelpilze (Stuttgart): 136. 1971.
Colour illustrations. Beach at Haga Haga with Eugenia capensis. Leaf spot
on Eugenia capensis with various fungi; sporulation on synthetic nutrient poor
agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
314
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Harzia metrosideri
Fungal Planet description sheets
315
Fungal Planet 988 – 18 December 2019
Harzia metrosideri Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Metrosideros from which it
was isolated.
Classification — Ceratostomataceae, Melanosporales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline, smooth, branched, septate,
3.5–4 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, multiseptate, up to 1 mm long, with
conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary; terminal conidiogenous cells (1–2 cells) hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with
prominent apical taper, 10–20 × 4–5 µm; intercalary conidiogenous cells denticles-like, tapered, 3–5 × 2 µm. Conidia golden
brown, smooth to finely roughened, granular, aseptate, dry, ovoid,
(15–)16–18(–20) × (12–)15–16 µm, with minute marginal frill.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On
MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse cinnamon.
Typus. South africa, Eastern Cape Province, Amathole, Haga Haga, on
leaf litter of Metrosideros sp. (Myrtaceae), 2010, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2753
(holotype CBS H-24191, culture ex-type CPC 37374 = CBS 146065, ITS
and LSU sequences GenBank MN562143.1 and MN567650.1, MycoBank
MB832904).
Notes — Harzia is characterised by sympodially branched,
hyaline superficial mycelium, brown conidia and a Proteophiala synasexual morph (Domsch et al. 2007, Schultes et al.
2017). Harzia metrosideri is related to Harzia patula (conidia
(16 –)25 – 37.5(– 50) × (12.5 –)15 – 28(– 37.5) µm; HolubováJechová 1974) and H. acremonioides (conidia 20–30 × 15–20
µm; Domsch et al. 2007), but distinct based on its conidial
dimensions.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Harzia patula (strain CBS 379.88, GenBank
NR_161009.1; Identities = 640/667 (96 %), 11 gaps (1 %)), Harzia acremonioides (strain CBS 598.71, GenBank MH860282.1;
Identities = 638/666(96%), 11 gaps (1 %)), and Harzia tenella (as
Olpitrichum tenellum, strain CBS 121.81, GenBank KY628696.1;
Identities = 627/656 (96 %), 10 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Harzia patula (as Olpitrichum patulum,
strain CBS 121524, GenBank KY628687.1; Identities = 840/843
(99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Harzia macrospora (as Olpitrichum macrosporum, strain CBS 343.67, GenBank MH870687.1; Identities =
838/842 (99 %), no gaps), and Harzia verrucosa (strain CBS
113456, GenBank KY628675.1; Identities = 838/842 (99 %),
no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Beach area at Haga Haga. Hyphae with integrated
conidiogenous loci; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
316
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neodevriesia strelitziicola
Fungal Planet description sheets
317
Fungal Planet 989 – 18 December 2019
Neodevriesia strelitziicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Strelitzia from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Neodevriesiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale brown, smooth, septate, branched,
1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, straight
to geniculous-sinuous, 1– 4-septate, subcylindrical, brown,
smooth, unbranched, 5 – 30 × 2.5 – 3 µm. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, integrated, subcylindrical, pale brown, smooth, 5 –12
× 2.5 – 3 µm; proliferating sympodially with loci thickened and
darkened, 0.5 µm diam. Conidia and ramoconidia pale brown,
smooth, 0(–1)-septate, occurring in branched chains, subcylindrical to fusoid-ellipsoid, (5 –)7– 9(–11) × 2 µm; loci thickened
and darkened, 0.5 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 15 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. South africa, Eastern Cape Province, Amathole, Haga Haga,
on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai (Strelitziaceae), 2010, M.J. Wingfield, HPC
2748 (holotype CBS H-24192, cultures ex-type CPC 37387 = CBS 146019,
CPC 37388 = CBS 146020, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 sequences GenBank
MN562144.1– MN562145.1, MN567651.1– MN567652.1, MN556812.1–
MN556813.1 and MN556844.1 (CPC 37387), MycoBank MB832905).
Notes — Neodevriesia is characterised by medium brown conidiophores and thick-walled, medium brown, sparsely septate
conidia arranged in short, mostly unbranched chains (Quaedvlieg et al. 2014). Neodevriesia strelitziicola is related to N. coccolobae (on leaves of Coccoloba uvifera, Puerto Rico; conidia
(6–)7–8(–10) × (2–)2.5(–3) μm; Crous et al. 2018a). and N. tabebuiae (on leaves of Tabebuia chrysantha, Puerto Rico,
conidia (6 –)7– 8(–10) × (2 –)2.5(– 3) μm; Crous et al. 2018a),
and is best distinguished based on its narrower conidia, and
DNA phylogeny.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence of CPC
37388 had highest similarity to Neodevriesia coccolobae (strain
CBS 145064, GenBank NR_161126.1; Identities = 480/500
(96 %), 8 gaps (1 %)), Neodevriesia tabebuiae (strain CBS
145065, GenBank NR_161127.1; Identities = 498/533 (93 %),
15 gaps (2 %)), and Neodevriesia lagerstroemiae (strain CBS
125422, GenBank MH863701.1; Identities = 489/533 (92 %),
22 gaps (4 %)). The ITS sequence of CPC 37388 differs
with 7 nucleotides from that of CPC 37387 (525/532 bases
similar). Closest hits using the LSU sequence of CPC 37388
are Neodevriesia coccolobae (strain CBS 145064, GenBank
MK047483.1; Identities = 816/817 (99 %), no gaps), Neodevriesia cladophorae (as Devriesia sp. MW-2016a, voucher
OUCMBI11011, GenBank KU578114.1; Identities = 811/817
(99 %), no gaps), and Neodevriesia knoxdaviesii (strain CBS
122898, GenBank MH874778.1; Identities = 799/808 (99 %),
2 gaps (0 %)). The LSU sequences of CPC 37387 and CPC
37388 are identical (815/815 bases). No significant hits were
obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used in blastn and
megablast searches. The rpb2 sequences of CPC 37387 and
CPC 37388 are identical (834/834 bases). No significant hits
were obtained when the tub2 sequence of CPC 37387 was
used in blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Forest area at Haga Haga. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
318
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Paramycosphaerella watsoniae
319
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 990 – 18 December 2019
Paramycosphaerella watsoniae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Watsonia from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, brown, 200–250 µm diam, with
central ostiole; wall of 3 – 6 layers of brown textura angularis.
Conidiophores lining the inner cavity, reduced to conidiogenous
cells, or 0 – 2-septate, subhyaline, smooth, branched, 4 – 24 ×
3 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, subhyaline, smooth, 4 – 5 × 3 – 4 µm, subcylindrical with periclinal
thickening. Conidia solitary, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, aseptate, fusoid-ellipsoid, apex obtuse, base truncate, 0.5 µm diam,
(3.5 –)4 – 5(– 6) × 2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 50 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface honey,
reverse isabelline to hazel. On PDA surface and reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface rosy vinaceous.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Cape Town, Kirstenbosch,
on leaf spots of Watsonia sp. (Iridaceae), 2016, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2757
(holotype CBS H-24193, culture ex-type CPC 37392 = CBS 146064, ITS,
LSU, actA, cmdA and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN562146.1, MN567653.1,
MN556790.1, MN556795.1 and MN556814.1, MycoBank MB832906).
Notes — Paramycosphaerella is a mycosphaerella-like
genus that lacks a Ramularia asexual morph as in Mycosphaerella s.str. (Crous et al. 2013b, Videira et al. 2017). Paramycosphaerella watsoniae is closely related but phylogenetically
distinct from P. sticheri (on fronds of Sticherus penniger, Brazil;
only known from its sexual morph; Guatimosim et al. 2016).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Paramycosphaerella sticheri (strain COAD
1422, GenBank NR_155660.1; Identities = 489/518 (94 %),
5 gaps (0 %)), Paramycosphaerella wachendorfiae (strain
CBS 129579, GenBank MH865448.1; Identities = 508/542
(94 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), and Pseudozasmidium vietnamense (as
Mycosphaerella vietnamensis, strain CMW37695, GenBank
JQ732923.1; Identities = 461/501 (92 %), 13 gaps (2 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Paramycosphaerella
brachystegiae (strain CBS 136436, GenBank NG_058048.1;
Identities = 844/848 (99 %), no gaps), Paramycosphaerella dicranopteridis-flexuosae (strain CPC 24743, GenBank
NG_059577.1; Identities = 803/808 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), and
Paramycosphaerella marksii (strain CPC 11222, GenBank
GU214447.1; Identities = 842/848 (99 %), no gaps). Closest
hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Paramycosphaerella intermedia (strain CBS 114356, GenBank
KF903466.1; Identities = 505/552 (91 %), 13 gaps (2 %)),
Paramycosphaerella marksii (strain CBS 110750, GenBank
KF903404.1; Identities = 503/552 (91 %), 14 gaps (2 %)),
and Hyalozasmidium aerohyalinosporum (strain CBS 125011,
GenBank KF903576.1; Identities = 501/553 (91 %), 20 gaps
(3 %)). Closest hits using the cmdA sequence had highest
similarity to Hyalozasmidium aerohyalinosporum (strain CBS
125011, GenBank KF902788.1; Identities = 270/294 (92 %),
no gaps), Paramycosphaerella intermedia (strain CBS 114356,
GenBank KF902579.1; Identities = 266/293 (91 %), no gaps),
and Virosphaerella irregularis (strain CBS 123242, GenBank
KF902543.1; Identities = 266 /294 (90 %), no gaps). No significant hits were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used
in blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Watsonia sp. at the foot of Table Mountain. Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
320
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Zygosporium pseudomasonii
321
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 991 – 18 December 2019
Zygosporium pseudomasonii Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to its morphological similarity to Zygosporium
masonii.
Classification — Zygosporiaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of hyaline to pale brown, smooth to verruculose, branched, septate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores erect, unbranched, subcylindrical, medium brown,
smooth, consisting of a stipe, lateral conidiogenous cells and
a stipe extension, 20 – 26 µm long, terminating in a clavate to
ovoid vesicle, 2.5 – 3 µm diam, at times with mucoid droplet,
2 – 4-septate, 10 – 30 × 2 – 3 µm; conidiogenous region consisting of 2 – 4 hook-like cells, brown, smooth, 5 –7 × 2.5 – 3 µm,
lateral hook 2 – 4 × 2.5 – 3 µm, the hook frequently alternating
left to right, but not consistently. Conidiogenous cells (1–2) arising from hook-like cells, pale brown, smooth, ovoid-acuminate,
phialidic, 4 – 6 × 2.5 – 3 µm. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline
to subhyaline, verruculose, ellipsoid, apex often tapering to
truncate hilum, 0.5 µm diam, (6 –)7(– 8) × (2–)2.5(– 3) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
to moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 35 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA surface
buff, reverse cinnamon. On PDA surface buff with patches of
hazel, reverse hazel. On OA surface hazel with patches of buff.
Typus. uSa, Florida, Gainesville, on leaf of Serenoa repens (Arecaeae),
24 Feb. 2019, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2792 (holotype CBS H-24198, culture
ex-type CPC 37503 = CBS 146059, ITS, LSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank
MN562147.1, MN567654.1 and MN556815.1, MycoBank MB832907).
Notes — Zygosporium is characterised by dark brown conidiophores (with or without stipe extension and vesicle), and 2–4
ampulliform conidiogenous cells. Conidia are aseptate, ellipsoid to globose, hyaline to pale brown, smooth to verruculose.
Zygosporium pseudomasonii resembles Z. masonii (on Cocos
nucifera, Gold Coast, with up to six lateral hook-like cells, stipe
extension 7–12 µm, vesicles 4 – 5 µm diam; Ellis 1971), but
can be distinguished based on its conidiophore morphology,
having less lateral hook-like cells, longer stipe extensions and
narrower vesicles.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Zygosporium masonii (strain CBS 557.73, GenBank MH860771.1; Identities = 547/567 (96 %), 4 gaps (0 %)),
Podosordaria muli (strain DFFSCS030, GenBank JX156376.1;
Identities = 507/532 (95 %), 8 gaps (1 %)), and Zygosporium
mycophilum (strain CBS 894.69, GenBank MH859474.1; Identities = 534/576 (93 %), 12 gaps (2 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Zygosporium masonii (strain CBS
557.73, GenBank MH872493.1; Identities = 856/861 (99 %),
no gaps), Zygosporium pseudogibbum (strain CBS 143503,
GenBank NG_063962.1; Identities = 837/844 (99 %), no gaps),
and Zygosporium mycophilum (strain CBS 533.76, GenBank
MH877824.1; Identities = 851/859 (99 %), no gaps). No significant hits were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was used
in blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Leaf spots on Serenoa repens. Conidiophores with
conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Jason A. Smith, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville,
Florida 32611-0680, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
322
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cylindrocladiella postalofficium
323
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 992 – 18 December 2019
Cylindrocladiella postalofficium Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. The famous milkwood tree in Mossel Bay is over 500 years
old. It is commonly known as the Post Office Tree, as in 1500 a sailor left a
letter in a shoe at the tree, found by Joao da Nova in 1501 en-route to India.
Name derived from L. postalis = postal, and L. officium = service; isolated
from leaf litter of the Post Office Tree.
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiophores penicillate, comprising a stipe, a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches, a stipe extension and a terminal
vesicle; stipe septate, hyaline, smooth, 30–60 × 4–6 µm. Stipe
extension aseptate, straight, thick-walled, 100 –150 µm long,
with a basal septum, terminating in a thin-walled, narrowly
lanceolate to ellipsoid vesicle, 3.5–4 µm wide. Penicillate conidiogenous apparatus with primary branches aseptate, 12–25 ×
3.5 – 5 µm, secondary branches aseptate, 18 – 22 × 3.5 – 4 µm,
tertiary branches 12–15 × 3.5–4 µm, each terminal branch producing 2 – 4 phialides; phialides cymbiform to cylindrical, hyaline, 12 –15 × 2.5 – 4 µm, with minute periclinal thickening and
cylindrical collarette. Conidia cylindrical, rounded at both ends,
straight, 1-septate, (10 –)14 –15(–17) × 2(– 2.5) µm, straight,
held in clusters by colourless slime.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate to abundant aerial mycelium, covering dish after 2 wk at
25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface dirty white to buff, reverse
buff with patches of cinnamon.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Mossel Bay, ‘Post Office
tree’, on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme (Sapotaceae), 19 Feb. 2016, L. Lombard, HPC 2801 (holotype CBS H-24199, culture ex-type CPC 37513 = CBS
146060, ITS, LSU, his3 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562148.1,
MN567655.1, MN556796.1 and MN556845.1, MycoBank MB832908).
Notes — Cylindrocladiella was recently treated (Lombard et
al. 2012, Pham et al. 2018, Marin-Felix et al. 2019). Cylindrocladiella postalofficium is related to C. lageniformis (vesicles
lageniform to ovoid, conidia (9 –)11(–15) × (1.5 –)1.8(– 2) µm;
Crous & Wingfield 1993) and C. pseudocamelliae (vesicles ellipsoidal to lageniform to lanceolate, conidia (9 –)11–15(–16)
× 2 – 4 μm; Lombard et al. 2012), but distinct based on its
lanceolate to ellipsoid vesicles and longer conidia.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Cylindrocladiella lageniformis (strain CPC 17600,
GenBank JN100631.1; Identities = 498/508 (98 %), 4 gaps
(0 %)), Cylindrocladiella pseudocamelliae (strain CBS 129555,
GenBank NR_111644.1; Identities = 504/515 (98 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), and Cylindrocladiella hawaiiensis (strain CBS 129569,
GenBank NR_111651.1; Identities = 501/512 (98 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Cylindrocladiella cymbiformis (strain CBS 129554, GenBank JN099144.1;
Identities = 840/847 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)), Cylindrocladiella
variabilis (strain CPC 17504, GenBank JN099241.1; Identities =
838/846 (99 %), no gaps), and Cylindrocladiella stellenboschensis (strain CBS 115611, GenBank JN099185.1; Identities =
837/846 (99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the his3 sequence
had highest similarity to Cylindrocladiella parva (strain TRR-CL,
GenBank JQ859985.1; Identities = 344/370 (93 %), 9 gaps
(2 %)), Cylindrocladiella peruviana (strain CMW47333, GenBank MH017013.1; Identities = 425/474 (90 %), 22 gaps (4 %)),
and Cylindrocladiella queenslandica (strain CBS 129574,
GenBank JN098861.1; Identities = 420/469 (90 %), 20 gaps
(4 %)). Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest
similarity to Cylindrocladiella camelliae (strain CPC 237, GenBank JN098749.1; Identities = 321/336 (96 %), 4 gaps (1 %)),
Cylindrocladiella nederlandica (strain CBS 152.91, GenBank
JN098800.1; Identities = 320/336 (95 %), 4 gaps (1 %)), and
Cylindrocladiella pseudocamelliae (as Cylindrocladiella sp. LL2011j, strain CBS 129556, GenBank JN098815.1; Identities =
319/336 (95 %), 4 gaps (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Post Office Tree in Mossel Bay. Conidiophores with
stipe extensions; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
324
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Periconia neobrittanica
325
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 993 – 18 December 2019
Periconia neobrittanica Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to its morphological similarity with Periconia
brittanica.
Classification — Periconiaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of brown, verruculose, branched, septate,
2–3 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores dimorphic. Microconidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells occurring directly on
hyphae, tretic, giving rise to a single conidium, but at times also
clusters of conidial chains occur. Macroconidiophores 100–300
× 10–17 µm, solitary, or in clusters of 2–3, arising from a brown
stroma, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, unbranched, dark
brown, smooth, thick-walled, base swollen, 15 – 25 µm diam;
stipe mostly aseptate, with 2 – 5 septa in upper conidiogenous
region; primary branches subcylindrical, brown, verruculose,
0 –1-septate, 10 – 25 × 7–10 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal
and intercalary, occurring in an apical chain on primary, or directly on conidiophore, 10–15 µm long, tretic. Conidia aseptate,
spherical, pale to medium brown, with delicate spines, occurring
in branched chains, (6 –) 8 –10(–12) µm diam; conidiogenous
apparatus usually unilateral on conidiophore.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and even margin, covering dish after 2 wk
at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse iron-grey.
Notes — Periconia was treated by Tanaka et al. (2015).
Periconia neobrittanica is similar to P. britannica in having unilateral conidiophores and micro- plus macroconidiophores. It
is distinct in that it has larger conidia with delicate spines, and
shorter conidiophores (Ellis 1976).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Ascomycete sp. (strain nasa64 from the Atcama
desert in Chile, GenBank DQ683977.1; Identities = 528/528
(100 %), no gaps), Periconia aquatica (strain HKAS 92754,
GenBank NR_158841.1; Identities = 438/475 (92 %), 5 gaps
(1 %)), and Periconia submersa (strain HKAS 92738, GenBank
NR_158842.1; Identities = 437/476 (92 %), 6 gaps (1 %)). The
ITS sequence is 90 % (439/487, including 11 gaps) similar to
Noosia banksiae (strain CPC 17282, GenBank JF951147.1),
which represents the most similar species obtained when the
LSU sequence was used in the megablast search. Closest
hits using the LSU sequence are Noosia banksiae (strain CBS
129526, GenBank NG_064279.1; Identities = 889/896 (99 %),
no gaps), Sporidesmium tengii (strain voucher HKUCC 10837,
GenBank DQ408559.1; Identities = 849/856 (99 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), and Periconia cyperacearum (strain CPC 32138, GenBank NG_064549.1; Identities = 888/896 (99 %), no gaps).
Typus. uSa, California, Davis, UC Davis, on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata (Myrtaceae), 2 Apr. 2019, P.W. Crous, HPC 2897 (holotype CBS H-24203, culture ex-type CPC 37903 = CBS 146062, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank MN562149.1 and MN567656.1, MycoBank MB832909).
Colour illustrations. Branch of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata in California. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
326
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti
327
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 994 – 18 December 2019
Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Eucalyptus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, globose, brown, 180 – 250 µm diam, with
central ostiole, exuding a brown conidial mass; wall of 6 – 8
layers of brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline, smooth,
phialidic with periclinal thickening, 5 – 8 × 5 – 6 µm. Conidia
solitary, medium brown, smooth, medianly 1-septate, ellipsoid,
straight, thick-walled, ends obtuse, (7–)8 – 9(–10) × (4 –)5 µm.
Spermatogonia (forming on MEA) separate, globose, brown, up
to 200 μm diam, with central ostiole; wall of 3–4 layers of brown
textura angularis. Spermatophores reduced to spermatogenous
cells. Spermatogenous cells lining the inner cavity, ampulliform
to doliiform, hyaline, smooth, 4 – 6 × 3 – 5 μm, apex with visible
periclinal thickening and minute collarette. Spermatia solitary,
smooth, hyaline, subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, apex
obtuse, base truncate, 3 – 6 × 1.5– 2.5 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
moderate aerial mycelium, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C.
On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse cinnamon.
Typus. uSa, California, Davis, UC Davis, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp.
(Myrtaceae), 2 Apr. 2019, P.W. Crous, HPC 2896 (holotype CBS H-24205, culture ex-type CPC 37995 = CBS 146084, ITS, LSU and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562150.1, MN567657.1 and MN556833.1, MycoBank MB832910).
Notes — The Camarosporium complex was recently treated
by Wanasinghe et al. (2017). Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti
is closely related to P. brabeji (on branch of Platanus sp., Switzerland, conidia ellipsoid or subcylindrical, (9 –)10 –12(–13) ×
(4 –)5(– 6) μm, 1– 3-transversely septate; Crous et al. 2018b),
from which it is distinct by having smaller, 1-septate conidia,
(7–)8 – 9(–10) × (4–)5 µm.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Pseudocamarosporium brabeji (strain NWFVA2387, GenBank MG098280.1; Identities = 581/588 (99 %),
no gaps), Pseudocamarosporium tilicola (strain MFLUCC
13-0550, GenBank KJ747050.1; Identities = 551/558 (99 %),
no gaps), and Pseudocamarosporium piceae (strain cp48,
GenBank MK796148.1; Identities = 518/525 (99 %), no gaps).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pseudocamarosporium propinquum (strain MFLUCC 17-1211, GenBank
MG812621.1; Identities = 844/844 (100 %), no gaps), Pseudocamarosporium ulmi-minoris (strain MFLUCC 17-0671, GenBank MG829062.1; Identities = 844/844 (100 %), no gaps),
and Pseudocamarosporium pteleae (strain MFLUCC 17-0724,
GenBank MG829061.1; Identities = 844/844 (100 %), no gaps).
Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity
to Pseudocamarosporium pteleae (strain MFLUCC 17-0724,
GenBank MG829233.1; Identities = 434/442 (98 %), no gaps),
Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides (strain UTHSC DI16-327,
GenBank LT797124.1; Identities = 456/468 (97 %), no gaps),
and Paraconiothyrium brasiliense (strain UTHSC DI16-311,
GenBank LT797116.1; Identities = 428/440 (97 %), no gaps).
Colour illustrations. Leaves of Eucalyptus sp. in California Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti was isolated from. Conidiomata on pine needle
agar; conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars: conidiomata = 200 µm, all
others = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
328
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola
329
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 995 – 18 December 2019
Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Heteropyxis from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Leaf spots amphigenous, circular, 2 – 3 mm diam, pale brown
with broad red-purple margin. Caespituli forming on a weakly
developed brown stroma of pseudoparenchymatal cells up to
40 µm diam, 20 µm high. Conidiophores arranged in fascicles of
20–30 conidiophores, subcylindrical, geniculate-sinuous, rarely
branched above, medium brown, verruculose, 1(– 2)-septate,
25–50 × 4–6 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, medium brown, verruculose, subcylindrical, 13–30 × 3–6 µm, with
flat-tipped loci 2 µm diam, thickened, somewhat darkened and
refractive. Conidia solitary, obclavate, curved, rarely straight,
apex obtuse, base obconically truncate, olivaceous brown, verruculose, guttulate, (20 –)40 – 55(– 65) × (3 –)4(– 5) µm, (1–)3
(–5)-septate, hila truncate, somewhat darkened, thickened and
refractive. In culture conidia are pale brown, smooth to finely
verruculose and hila are unthickened nor darkened.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin,
reaching 20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface dirty white with patches of olivaceous grey, reverse
olivaceous grey.
Typus. South africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Kwambonambi, on leaf
spots of Heteropyxis natalensis (Heteropyxidaceae), 16 Apr. 2010, M.J. Wingfield, HPC 2863 (holotype CBS H-24207, culture ex-type CPC 38030 = CBS
146082, ITS, LSU and actA sequences GenBank MN562151.1, MN567658.1
and MN556791.1, MycoBank MB832911).
Notes — Based on the morphology on the host material,
the present collection is a passalora-like fungus in the sense of
Crous & Braun (2003), but based on its morphology in culture,
it is a typical Pseudocercospora (Crous et al. 2013a, Videira et
al. 2017). No species of Pseudocercospora is presently known
from Heteropyxis natalensis, and thus it is herewith described
as new.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Pseudocercospora tamarindi (strain MFLUCC 140805, GenBank KP744461.1; Identities = 496/509 (97 %), 1 gap
(0 %)), Pseudocercospora eriodendri (GenBank AF222840.1;
Identities = 494/508 (97 %), no gaps), and Pseudocercospora
punctata (strain CBS 113315, GenBank EU167582.1; Identities = 524/542 (97 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Pseudocercospora rhododendri-indici (strain CBS
131591, GenBank JQ324965.1; Identities = 799/800 (99 %),
1 gap (0 %)), Pseudocercospora udagawana (strain CBS
131931, GenBank MH877467.1; Identities = 801/803 (99 %),
2 gaps (0 %)), and Pseudocercospora punctata (strain CBS
132116, GenBank GU253791.1; Identities = 796/802 (99 %),
1 gap (0 %)). Closest hits using the actA sequence had highest similarity to Pseudocercospora cercidis-chinensis (voucher
BJFC LZC1609256, GenBank MG733154.1; Identities = 450/
500 (90 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), Pseudocercospora punctata
(strain CBS 132116, GenBank GU320468.1; Identities = 518/580
(89 %), 4 gaps (0 %)), and Pseudocercospora udagawana
(strain CBS 131931, GenBank GU320527.1; Identities = 519/
583 (89 %), 6 gaps (1 %)).
Colour illustrations. Symptomatic leaves of Heteropyxis natalensis.
Close-up of leaf spot; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
330
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Davidiellomyces juncicola
331
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 996 – 18 December 2019
Davidiellomyces juncicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Juncus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata pseudothecial, dark brown, erumpent, globose, 80–
120 µm diam, with central ostiole 10 µm diam; ascomata aggregated in clusters and linked via a brown stroma (in agar, not
observed on host); wall of 2–3 layers of brown textura angularis.
Asci aparaphysata, fasiculate, bitunicate, subsessile, obovoid,
straight to slightly curved, 8-spored, with apical chamber,
30 – 35 × 9 –10 µm. Ascospores multiseriate, hyaline guttulate,
constricted at median septum, thick-walled, surrounded by mucoid sheath, tapering towards both ends, but more prominently
towards lower end, (9–)11–12(–13.5) × (3.5–)4 µm. Ascospores
germinating initially via both ends, 5 – 6 µm diam, becoming
brown, verruculose, with mucoid sheath, distorting, the two
original ascospore cells dividing into two; outer two cells germinating via two germ tubes parallel to the long axis, inner two
cells germinating later, with germ tubes perpendicular to the
long axis of the ascospore.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with sparse
aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 30 mm
diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface and reverse olivaceous grey.
Typus. USA, California, Davis, UC Davis, on culms of Juncus effusus (Juncaceae), 2 Apr. 2019, P.W. Crous, HPC 2894 (holotype CBS H-24255, culture
ex-type CPC 38038 = CBS 146130, ITS, LSU and actA sequences GenBank
MN562152.1, MN567659.1 and MN556792.1, MycoBank MB832912).
Notes — Davidiellomyces (on leaves of Cyperaceae, Western Australia) is characterised by a mycosphaerella-like sexual
morph in which ascospores are encased in a prominent mucoid
sheath, and become brown and verruculose upon germination
(Crous et al. 2017b). Davidiellomyces juncicola represents a
new species in this hitherto monotypic genus.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest
similarity to Davidiellomyces australiensis (strain CBS 142165,
GenBank NR_154036.1; Identities = 655/683 (96 %), 4 gaps
(0 %)), Verrucocladosporium dirinae (strain CR16, GenBank
KY111909.1; Identities = 418/443 (94 %), 11 gaps (2 %)), and
Neocladosporium leucadendri (strain CBS 131317, GenBank
NR_152324.1; Identities = 489/528 (93 %), 15 gaps (2 %)).
Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Davidiellomyces australiensis (strain CBS 142165, GenBank NG_059164.1; Identities = 810/812 (99 %), no gaps), Neocladosporium leucadendri (strain CBS 131317, GenBank NG_057949.1; Identities = 809/819 (99 %), no gaps), and Verrucocladosporium
dirinae (strain CBS 112794, GenBank MH874471.1; Identities = 806/819 (98 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the actA
sequence had highest similarity to Davidiellomyces australiensis (strain CBS 142165, GenBank KY979853.1; Identities =
495/528 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Cladosporium sinuosum (strain
CPC 18365, GenBank KT600643.1; Identities = 451/499 (90 %),
4 gaps (0 %)), and Cladosporium rugulovarians (strain CPC
18444, GenBank KT600656.1; Identities = 467/523 (89 %),
18 gaps (3 %)).
Colour illustrations. Juncus effusus plants Davidiellomyces juncicola was
isolated from. Colony on oatmeal agar; asci with ascospores; germinating
ascospores. Scale bars = 120 µm (ascomata), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
332
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cytosporella juncicola
333
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 997 – 18 December 2019
Cytosporella juncicola Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Juncus from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Acarosporaceae, Acarosporales, Lecanoromycetes.
Conidiomata flat, erumpent, separate, eustromatic, brown, upper layer disintegrating at maturity, becoming acervular, up to
2 mm diam, exuding a creamy conidial mass. Conidiophores
reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity, hyaline,
smooth, but green olivaceous in mass, ampulliform, phialidic,
5 –7 × 3 – 4 µm. Conidia solitary, aseptate, hyaline, guttulate,
smooth, cylindrical, straight, apex obtuse, base bluntly rounded,
(4 –)5 – 6(–7) × 2 µm on SNA.
Culture characteristics — Colonies erumpent, spreading,
surface folded, with sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
margin, reaching 12 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA,
PDA and OA surface buff with patches of cinnamon, reverse
buff to rosy buff.
Typus. USA, California, Davis, UC Davis, on culms of Juncus effusus (Juncaceae), 2 Apr. 2019, P.W. Crous, HPC 2894 (holotype CBS H-24208, culture
ex-type CPC 38040 = CBS 146071, ITS, LSU and tef1 sequences GenBank
MN562153.1, MN567660.1 and MN556834.1, MycoBank MB832913).
Notes — Cytosporella has eustromatic conidiomata, opening
by irregular dehiscence, branched phialidic conidiophores, and
hyaline, aseptate, thin-walled, ellipsoid conidia (Sutton 1980).
Although the taxonomy of Cytosporella is still in flux, the present
collection is tentatively placed in this genus.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had distant
hits with Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (strain CBS 145561,
GenBank MK876396.1; Identities = 374 / 427 (88 %), 24
gaps (5 %)), Corticifraga peltigerae (strain RP282, GenBank
KY661634.1; Identities = 268/289 (93 %), 9 gaps (3 %)), and
Taitaia aurea (voucher TU 56326, GenBank NR_160480.1;
Identities = 197/203 (97 %), 1 gap (0 %)). Closest hits using
the LSU sequence are Cytosporella chamaeropis (strain CBS
355.71, GenBank MH871929.1; Identities = 806/808 (99 %),
no gaps), Acarospora thamnina (voucher DS8352, GenBank
KF024746.1; Identities = 522/535 (98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and
Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (strain CBS 145561, GenBank
MK876437.1; Identities = 775 /826 (94 %), 4 gaps (0 %)).
Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity
to Julella fallaciosa (strain MPN141, GenBank JN887424.1;
Identities = 376/429 (88 %), 10 gaps (2 %)), Lophodermium
resinosum (strain DAOMC 251482, GenBank KY702582.1;
Identities = 404/461 (88 %), 7 gaps (1 %)), and Monilinia fructicola (strain DH41, GenBank KT900540.1; Identities = 406/466
(87 %), 14 gaps (3 %)).
Colour illustrations. Culms of Juncus effusus in California. Conidiomata
on oatmeal agar; conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 2 mm (conidiomata), 10 µm (all others).
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
334
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Neohelicomyces melaleucae
335
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 998 – 18 December 2019
Neohelicomyces melaleucae Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus Melaleuca from which it was
isolated.
Classification — Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of pale to medium brown, smooth, septate,
branched, 3 – 4 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores reduced to
conidiogenous cells, integrated on hyphae, pale brown, smooth,
3 –15(– 35) × 3 – 4 µm, with one to several flat-tipped denticles,
2 µm diam; at times reduced to a single denticles directly on
hyphae. Conidia single, pale brown, smooth, multiseptate, coiled
in three rings (13 –17 µm diam), base truncate, 2 µm diam.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
sparse aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching
20 mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and OA surface
brown vinaceous, reverse honey.
Typus. USA, California, Davis, UC Davis, on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata (Myrtaceae), 2 Apr. 2019, P.W. Crous, HPC 2897 (holotype
CBS H-24209, culture ex-type CPC 38042 = CBS 146081, ITS, LSU and
tef1 sequences GenBank MN562154.1, MN567661.1 and MN556835.1,
MycoBank MB832914).
Notes — Neohelicomyces differs from Tubeufia and Helicomyces in having elongate, erect, conspicuous conidiophores
(Tsui et al. 2006, Crous et al. 2019b). Neohelicomyces melaleucae is closely related to ‘Tubeufia’ helicomyces (CBS 272.52)
and N. pandanicola but is distinct based on its DNA phylogeny.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Tubeufia helicomyces (strain MUCL 15702,
GenBank AY916459.1; Identities = 557/601 (93 %), 25 gaps
(4 %)), Neohelicomyces deschampsiae (strain CBS 145029,
GenBank NR_163367.1; Identities = 546/598 (91 %), 24 gaps
(4 %)), and Helicosporium lumbricoides (strain CBS 284.51,
GenBank MH856861.1; Identities = 551/605 (91 %), 26 gaps
(4 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Tubeufia
helicomyces (strain CBS 272.52, GenBank MH868562.1;
Identities = 825/828 (99 %), no gaps), Neohelicomyces pandanicola (strain KUMCC 16-0143, GenBank MH260307.1; Identities = 790/793 (99 %), no gaps), and Neohelicomyces submersus (as Tubeufiaceae sp. ZL-2017c, strain KUMCC 15-0251,
GenBank KY320547.1; Identities = 824/828 (99 %), no gaps).
Closest hits using the tef1 sequence had highest similarity to
Neohelicomyces hyalosporus (strain GZCC 16-0086, GenBank
MH550936.1; Identities = 417/436 (96 %), no gaps), Tubeufia
helicomyces (strain CBS 245.49, GenBank DQ767638.1; Identities = 403/423 (95 %), no gaps), and Tubeufia guangxiensis
(strain MFLUCC 17-0046, GenBank MH550977.1; Identities =
414/437 (95 %), 2 gaps (0 %)).
Colour illustrations. Branch of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata in
California. Hyphae, conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous, Lorenzo Lombard & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
336
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Podocarpomyces knysnanus
337
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 999 – 18 December 2019
Podocarpomyces Crous, gen. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the host genus on which it occurs, Podocarpus.
Classification — Amorosiaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiomata solitary, globose, brown, with central ostiole;
wall of 3 –6 layers of textura angularis. Conidiophores lining
inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical, branched at base,
septate. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, hyaline,
smooth, subcylindrical with apical taper, phialidic. Conidia
solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, apex subobtuse,
base truncate.
Type species. Podocarpomyces knysnanus Crous.
MycoBank MB832915.
Podocarpomyces knysnanus Crous, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the location in South Africa where the fungus
was collected, Knysna.
Conidiomata solitary, globose, brown, 200 – 250 µm diam, with
central ostiole; wall of 3 – 6 layers of textura angularis. Conidiophores lining inner cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical,
branched at base, 1– 2-septate, 15 – 30 × 2.5 – 4 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical with apical taper, phialidic, 7–15 × 2.5–3 µm. Conidia
solitary, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, apex subobtuse,
base truncate, 1.5 – 2 µm diam, 5 – 6(–7.5) × 2(– 2.5) µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate margin, reaching 35
mm diam after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA and PDA surface pale
olivaceous grey, reverse olivaceous grey. On OA surface buff
to cinnamon.
Typus. South africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, Knysna area, on
leaves of Podocarpus falcatus (Podocarpaceae), 23 Nov. 2018, F. Roets, HPC
2725 (holotype CBS H-24182, culture ex-type CPC 37065 = CBS 146076,
ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tef1 sequences GenBank MN562155.1, MN567662.1,
MN556816.1 and MN556836.1, MycoBank MB832916).
Notes — Podocarpomyces is a sister genus to Alfodia
and Amorocoelophoma (Amorosiaceae) in the Pleosporales
(Crous et al. 2019a). Podocarpomyces knysnanus (known
as asexual morph) is related to Neothyrostroma (on leaves of
Encephalartos, South Africa; see FP958), but the two genera
are morphologically and phylogenetically distinct.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Angustimassarina alni (strain MFLUCC 150184, GenBank KY548099.1; Identities = 345/363 (95 %),
2 gaps (0 %)), Lophiostoma corticola (strain Z26, GenBank
MK907710.1; Identities = 387/410 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Angustimassarina rosarum (strain MFLUCC 15-0080, GenBank
MG828869.1; Identities = 387/410 (94 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Atrocalyx asturiensis (strain OF, GenBank MG912912.1; Identities =
675/792 (85 %), 34 gaps (4 %)), Hermatomyces tucumanensis
(voucher PRM 946202, GenBank LS398290.1; Identities =
660/779 (85 %), 40 gaps (5 %)), and Shrungabeeja longiappendiculata (strain BCC 76464, GenBank KT376475.1;
Identities = 666/ 810 (82 %), 62 gaps (7 %)). Closest hits
using the LSU sequence are Angustimassarina populi (strain
MFLUCC 17-1069, GenBank MF409166.1; Identities = 821/835
(98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Angustimassarina premilcurensis (strain
MFLUCC 15-0074, GenBank KY496725.1; Identities = 821/835
(98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), and Angustimassarina lonicerae (strain
MFLUCC 15-0087, GenBank KY496724.1; Identities = 821/835
(98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the tef1 sequence
had highest similarity to Alfoldia vorosii (as Dothideomycetes
sp. DGK-2019a, strain REF117, GenBank MK599321.1; Identities = 427/457 (93 %), no gaps), Angustimassarina coryli (strain
MFLUCC 14-0981, GenBank MF167433.1; Identities = 421/451
(93 %), no gaps), and Teichospora trabicola (strain C134, GenBank KU601601.1; Identities = 425/457 (93 %), no gaps). No
significant hits were obtained when the rpb2 sequence was
used in blastn and megablast searches.
Colour illustrations. Podocarpus falcatus tree in Knysna forest. Colony
on oatmeal agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
Francois Roets, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Wijnand J. Swart, Department of Plant Sciences (Division of Plant Pathology), University of the Free State,
P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
338
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Millesimomyces rhoicissi
339
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1000 – 18 December 2019
Millesimomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf., gen. nov.
Etymology. Composed of millesimus (thousandth; for species No. 1000
described in Fungal Planet) and the suffix -myces (múkēs, Greek, fungus).
Classification — Sporocadaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes.
Conidiomata gregarious, black, stromatic, acervular, exuding a
brown conidial mass. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, septate,
branched, flexuous or reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells discrete, subcylindrical or lageniform, hyaline,
smooth. Conidia subcylindrical, straight or slightly curved, pale
brown, 3-septate, smooth, not constricted at septa, basal cell
cylindrical, thin-walled, subhyaline; median two cells cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, unequal; apical cell subcylindrical with
obtuse apex; appendages tubular, slender, flexuous; apical
appendage single, unbranched, excentric; basal appendage
single, unbranched, excentric.
Type species. Millesimomyces rhoicissi Crous & M.J. Wingf.
MycoBank MB832917.
Millesimomyces rhoicissi Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Rhoicissus, the host genus from which this
fungus was isolated.
Conidiomata gregarious, black, stromatic, acervular, exuding
a brown conidial mass. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, septate, branched, flexuous or reduced to conidiogenous cells.
Conidiogenous cells discrete, subcylindrical or lageniform,
hyaline, smooth, 5 – 30 × 2 – 2.5 µm. Conidia subcylindrical,
straight or slightly curved, pale brown, 3-septate, smooth, not
constricted at septa, (18 –)22 – 25(– 27) × (3.5 –)4 µm, basal
cell cylindrical, thin-walled, subhyaline, 3 – 4 µm long; median
two cells cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, unequal, second cell
from base 8 –10 µm long, third cell from base 8 – 9 µm long,
apical cell subcylindrical with obtuse apex, 2.5 – 4 µm long; appendages tubular, slender, flexuous; apical appendage single,
unbranched, excentric, 10–16 µm long, inserted c. 1.5 µm from
apex; basal appendage single, unbranched, excentric, 11–14
µm long, inserted 2 – 3 µm from basal septum.
Culture characteristics — Colonies flat, spreading, with
folded surface, moderate aerial mycelium and smooth, lobate
margin, covering dish after 2 wk at 25 °C. On MEA, PDA and
OA surface peach, reverse fulvous with patches of sienna.
Typus. South africa, Eastern Cape Province, Haga Haga, on leaves
Rhoicissus digitata (Vitaceae) with dieback, 12 Dec. 2016, M.J. Wingfield,
HPC 2296 (holotype CBS H-23936, culture ex-type CPC 35297 = CBS
145536, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences GenBank MN562156.1,
MN567663.1, MN556817.1, MN556827.1 and MN556846.1, MycoBank
MB832918).
Notes — Millesimomyces resembles the genus Discosia in
morphology, having stromatic acervuli, and long, hyaline, subcylindrical or lageniform phialides that give rise to subcylindrical,
pale brown, 3-septate conidia with excentric apical and basal
appendages (Liu et al. 2019a). However, based on phylogenetic
inference, the fungus clusters apart from species of Discosia,
and hence Millesimomyces is established to accommodate it.
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence had highest similarity to Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 118.66,
GenBank MH858742.1; Identities = 569/595 (96 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)), Seimatosporium pistaciae (strain CBS 138865, GenBank NR_137942.1; Identities = 559/586 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)),
and Ciliochorella phanericola (voucher MFLU 14-0776, GenBank NR_153928.1; Identities = 526/552 (95 %), 9 gaps (1 %)).
Other more distant hits include Discostroma fuscellum (strain
GSAA-0182, GenBank JF320818.1; Identities = 551/582 (95 %),
7 gaps (1 %)), Discosia pseudoartocreas (strain CBS 136438,
GenBank NR_132068.1; Identities = 579/612 (95 %), 9 gaps
(1 %)), and Discosia artocreas (strain CBS 241.66, GenBank
MH858787.1; Identities = 559/592 (94 %), 8 gaps (1 %)). Closest hits using the LSU sequence are Seiridium pseudocardinale (as Seiridium sp. DW-2016a, strain MFLUCC 13-0525,
GenBank KU848209.1; Identities = 843/847 (99 %), 2 gaps
(0 %)), Seiridium cardinale (as Seiridium unicorne, strain CBS
908.85, GenBank DQ414532.1; Identities = 829/833 (99 %),
2 gaps (0 %)), and Seiridium cupressi (as Seiridium unicorne,
strain CBS 320.51, GenBank MH868398.1; Identities = 853/858
(99 %), 3 gaps (0 %)). Other more distant hits include Discosia
querci (strain MFLUCC 16-0642, GenBank MG815830.1; Identities = 841/858 (98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), Immersidiscosia eucalypti
(strain 17RA1, GenBank KY825092.1; Identities = 840/858
(98 %), 3 gaps (0 %)), and Discosia fraxinea (strain NTIT469,
GenBank KF827439.1; Identities = 838/856 (98 %), 3 gaps
(0 %)). Closest hits using the rpb2 sequence had highest
similarity to Monochaetia monochaeta (strain CBS 658.95,
GenBank MH554977.1; Identities = 699/830 (84 %), no gaps),
Seiridium podocarpi (strain CBS 137995, GenBank LT853148.1;
Identities = 721/860 (84 %), no gaps), and Monochaetia junipericola (strain CBS 143391, GenBank MH108004.1; Identities = 674/805 (84 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the tef1
sequence had highest similarity to Pestalotiopsis jinchanghensis (strain LC8191, GenBank KY464155.1; Identities = 215/241
(89 %), 8 gaps (3 %)), Pestalotiopsis colombiensis (strain CBS
118553, GenBank KM199488.1; Identities = 215/241 (89 %),
8 gaps (3 %)), and Pestalotiopsis terricola (strain CBS 141.69,
GenBank MH554438.1; Identities = 217/244 (89 %), 17 gaps
(6 %)). Closest hits using the tub2 sequence had highest
similarity to Monochaetia ilexae (strain CBS 101009, GenBank
MH554612.1; Identities = 474/598 (79 %), 31 gaps (5 %)),
Nonappendiculata quercina (strain CBS 270.82, GenBank
MH554701.1; Identities = 331/405 (82 %), 27 gaps (7 %)),
and Monochaetia quercus (strain CBS 144034, GenBank
MH554844.1; Identities = 472/600 (79 %), 34 gaps (5 %)).
Colour illustrations. Collection site at Haga Haga. Conidiomata on oatmeal
agar; conidiophores with conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Pedro W. Crous & Johannes Z. Groenewald, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167,
3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Michael J. Wingfield, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
340
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Boletopsis mediterraneensis
341
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1001 – 18 December 2019
Boletopsis mediterraneensis G. Moreno, Carlavilla, Bellanger, Olariaga, P.-A. Moreau,
Bidaud, Loizides & Manjón, sp. nov.
Etymology. Referring to its Mediterranean distribution.
Classification — Bankeraceae, Thelephorales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiocarps annual, with a central or eccentric stipe. Cap 4–12
(–15) cm broad, convex to plane-convex, later depressed at
centre, colour variable, pale grey, brownish grey to ochraceous
brown or dark brown when mature, surface dry, smooth, innately
fibrillose, breaking up into small scales or cracked, especially
at centre; context in cap very pale grey to grey, very pale red
when cut, with green tones when desiccated or with 5 % KOH
(no reaction with H2O and 5 % NaOH). Margin straight, irregular,
concolorous or slightly paler, not hygrophanous, smooth, often
incised due to its thinness. Pores small, 1– 3 per mm, round to
angular, whitish turning slightly very pale grey upon bruising,
grey brown when desiccated. Tubes 2 – 5 mm thick, decurrent,
tightly adhered to the context. Stem 2.5–7 × 1–3 cm, cylindrical,
sometimes curved, central or eccentric, solid, tapering downwards, of the same colour as the cap or paler, greyish white
at the apex, surface smooth to slightly squamulose; context in
stem very pale greyish white. Odour not distinctive or sometimes farinaceous, taste bitter in young specimens. Context with
green tones when desiccated. Spores 4.5 – 6.7 × 3.3 – 5.2 µm,
av. 5.6–4.3 µm (holotype), Qav: 1.3 (n = 20), globose to subglobose, nodulose, without iodine reactions, colourless to very pale
yellow-brown; ornamentation formed by broad obtuse nodules
appearing furcate. Basidia 4-spored, (14 –)18 – 24 × 5 –7 µm,
sterigmata up to 4 µm long, clavate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia
and cheilocystidia absent. Context formed by hyphae 1– 2 µm
broad. Pileipellis a cutis with cylindrical hyphae, septate, thinwalled to slightly thick-walled (2.5 – 4 µm diam), swollen at
septa (8 –10(–16) µm diam), clamped, hyaline or with a faint
olivaceous hue in H2O and 5 % KOH. Hyphal system monomitic,
hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, clamped.
Habitat & Distribution — Growing solitary to gregarious on
basic and acidic soils, mainly under Pinus spp.
Typus. Spain, Madrid, San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Las Cruces, 30TUK8365,
810 m, under Pinus pinaster, P. pinea, Quercus ilex subsp. ballota and Cistus
ladanifer, on acid soil, 30 Nov. 2013, J.C. Campos & M. Hinojosa (holotype
AH 44080, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN536723 and MN535629,
MycoBank MB832765).
Notes — Boletopsis mediterraneensis is characterised by
its medium to large size, a cap generally not black but with
grey or brown tones, with context becoming very pale red
when cut, turning green with KOH and acquiring conspicuous green tones when dry. So far, B. mediterraneensis is only
known from the Mediterranean area, mostly under Pinus, but
also under Cedrus. Our ITS-LSU analyses recovered specimens of B. mediterraneensis in a well-supported clade (see
Supplementary Fig. FP1001-2), weakly supported as sister
to B. nothofagi, and distinct from other well-supported clades
corresponding to B. grisea, B. leucomelaena and B. watlingii.
The latter three species form a major supported clade. Although
the B. mediterraneensis clade shows phylogenetic structure,
attempts to find correlated morphological, ecological or macrochemical characters defining the three major subclades were
unsuccessful. Thus, we treat B. mediterraneensis as a single
species, rather than a clade including several cryptic species.
Boletopsis mediterraneensis has so far been mistaken for
B. grisea, and most Mediterranean records of the latter may
correspond in fact to B. mediterraneensis. Both species constitute two distinct and well-supported clades (see Supplementary
Fig. FP1001-2). Boletopsis grisea is very similar to B. mediterraneensis, but the former differs by its context turning only faintly
greenish in KOH in fresh specimens, and black brown upon
drying (Niemelä & Saarenoksa 1989). According to our observations, the two species have different distributions. Whereas
B. grisea is broadly distributed in the Eurosiberian area and is
extremely rare in the Mediterranean area, B. mediterraneensis
has a mostly Mediterranean distribution. Boletopsis leucomelaena is characterised by its greyish sepia to black-brown cap
surface, turning sepia black in KOH, and by its association with
Picea (Niemelä & Saarenoksa 1989). Boletopsis nothofagi has
a cap turning blackish upon bruising, becoming black with KOH
and is associated with Nothofagus in the Southern Hemisphere
(Cooper & Leonard 2012). Boletopsis watlingii (= B. perplexa),
described using European material, differs from B. mediterraneensis by its dark cap and slightly smaller basidiospores
(4.5 – 4.8(– 5) × 3.5– 4.5 μm) (Watling & Milne 2006).
Supplementary material
FP1001-1 Additional specimens examined.
Colour illustrations. Spain, Madrid, San Martín de Valdeiglesias, Pinus
pinaster forest at the type locality. In situ basidiomata; detail of cap surface;
basidioma section in NaOH, KOH and H2O; detail of the hymenophore;
nodulose basidiospores under SEM (holotype AH 44080). Scale bars = 1 cm,
except for spores in SEM (bar = 1 µm).
FP1001-2 The single best tree resulting from the Maximum Likelihood
analysis of the ITS-LSU regions of Boletopsis. Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (ML-BP) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are shown
by branches, ordered as ML-BP/PP. Thickened branches received support
at least in one analysis (ML-BP ≥ 70 % and/or PP ≥ 95 %). The holotype of
B. mediterraneensis is marked in bold.
Gabriel Moreno, Juan Ramón Carlavilla & José Luis Manjón, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Jean-Michel Bellanger, CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, INSERM,
1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; e-mail: [email protected]
Ibai Olariaga, Biology and Geology Physics and Inorganic Chemistry department, Rey Juan Carlos university,
C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
342
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Boletus candidissimus
343
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1002 – 18 December 2019
Boletus candidissimus T.H.G. Pham, A.V. Alexandrova & O.V. Morozova, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the pure white colour of the basidiomata.
Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata medium sized, boletoid. Pileus 18 ‒ 35 mm diam,
initially hemispherical, becoming convex with slightly appendiculate margin, projecting 1– 2 mm beyond the pores, white
(4A1, Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), cream (4A2 ‒ 3) on drying,
surface dry, velutinous, tomentose or felted. Hymenophore
adnate, up to 4 mm thick, white, becoming cream, except for
the edge of the tubes that remain white; pores almost not seen
due to long cheilocystidia, round or angular under the cheilocystidia layer, up to 0.3 mm diam. Stipe 60 – 80 × 6 – 8 mm,
almost cylindrical, broadened slowly towards the base, solid;
longitudinally irregularly striate to irregularly reticulate in an
upper part; dry, with transparent drops of exudate in the lower
part; white (4A1). Context white, with darker hygrophanous
spots in the upper part of stipe, unchanging. Smell weak, taste
mild. Spores (12.5 –)13.5 –14(–15.5) × (3.5 –)4 – 5(– 5.5) μm,
Q = (2.5 –)3 – 3.5(– 4), fusoid, subfusoid and inequilateral in
side view with weak suprahilar depression, yellowish brown in
KOH, smooth. Basidia 32–41 × 9.5–11 μm, 4-spored, narrowly
clavate to clavate, clampless. Cheilocystidia cylindrical to narrowly clavate, sometimes septate, with terminal cells 37– 85 ×
6 – 8 μm, often thick-walled in the upper part, hyaline, forming
sterile tube edge. Pleurocystidia 41–70 × 8 –11 μm, lageniform
or fusiform. Hymenophoral trama divergent, boletoid. Pileipellis
a trichoderm, made up of palisade of chains of swollen elliptic
cells, 27– 56 × 12 –15 μm, larger in the base of hairs, smaller in
their apex, end cells conical or lageniform or tapering into the
long neck, 23 – 52 × 7–13 μm, hyaline. Stipitipellis a caulohymenium of basidiolae-like clavate cells, 19–30 × 7–10 μm, with
scattered basidia. Caulocystidia 55–110 × 11–15 μm, cylindrical
to narrowly clavate, usually septate. Clamp connections absent.
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Solitary or in groups on soil
in evergreen tropical forests. Known from Vietnam.
Typus. Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Krong Bong District, Chu Yang
Sin National Park, Krong Kmar, 8 km west of Chu Yang Sin, 12.37958°N,
108.3523°E, 1 680 m alt., mountain polydominant rainforest with the participation of Fagaceae, Magnoliaceae, Theaceae, Podocarpaceae, 1 Apr. 2013,
A.V. Alexandrova & T.H.G. Pham (holotype LE315542, ITS, tef1α and LSU
sequences GenBank MN511175, MN597966 and MN392934, MycoBank
MB832741).
Additional material examined. Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Krong Bong
District, Chu Yang Sin National Park, Krong Kmar, 7 km northwest of Chu
Yang Sin mountain, 12.414833°N, 108.378222°E, 1 240 m alt., mountain polydominant rainforest with the participation of Fagaceae, Magnoliaceae,
Theaceae, Podocarpaceae, 27 May 2014, A.V. Alexandrova & T.H.G. Pham
(LE315543, ITS sequence GenBank MN511176).
Notes — Boletus candidissimus is characterised by the pure
white basidiomata and pileipellis structure consisting of a palisade of hairs composed of chains of swollen elliptic cells, ending by conical or lageniform cells, sometimes tapering into the
long neck. White forms lacking pigment appear in the different
groups of boletoid fungi. Due to the appendiculate pileus margin
and fusoid spores it resembles Leccinum species, from which
it differs by the special pileipellis structure, not squamulose
stipe and lack of any colour changes of context. Superficially
B. candidissimus is close to B. purus (Corner 1972), although
that species possesses large clavate cheilocystidia, and a
pileipellis consisting of a palisade of clavate cells. The North
American species Tylopilus rhoadsiae (Bessette et al. 1999)
differs by the adnexed hymenophore, pileipellis and stipitipellis structure, bitter taste and an association with pine. In the
phylogenetic tree, sequences of the species are nested within
the /Boletoideae clade (data not shown) in the sense of Wu et
al. (2016). They do not cluster with any known boletoid genera.
In spite of this, we avoid introducing a new genus until more
data becomes available.
Colour illustrations. Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Krong Bong District, Chu
Yang Sin National Park, type locality. Spores (from holotype and LE315543
(SEM)); pileus (from LE315543); longitudinal section and basidiomata in situ
(from holotype); elements of pileipellis; trama and hymenium with pleurocystidia; pleurocystidium; cheilocystidia; caulocystidia (all from holotype). Scale
bars = 10 µm (spores), 1 cm (basidiomata), 20 µm (microstructures).
Pham Thi Ha Giang, Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia /
Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam;
e-mail: [email protected]
Alina V. Alexandrova, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Faculty of Biology, 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia /
Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam /
Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., 117198, Moscow, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
Olga V. Morozova, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
344
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Bovista psammophila
345
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1003 – 18 December 2019
Bovista psammophila A.C.M. Rodrigues, Baseia & M.P. Martín, sp. nov.
Etymology. In reference to the sandy habit.
Classification — Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina.
Basidiomata growing in small groups, subglobose, 13 –19
mm wide × 10 –18 mm high, white in young basidiomata. Exoperidium granulose to furfuraceous, evanescent, brown (5F8,
Kornerup & Wanscher 1978) at maturity. Endoperidium papery,
dark blond (5D4) at maturity, fragile, smooth, with irregular
opening. Gleba cottony, brown (6E5) at maturity. Subgleba
absent. Rhizomorphs thin, whitish (1A1), encrusted with sand.
Exoperidium composed of two layers: the inner layer with pseudoparenchymatous cells, globose, subglobose, pyriform, and
clavate, 17.1– 30.2 × 13.2 – 9.8 µm, with regular walls ≤ 1 µm
thin, hyaline in 5 % KOH, non-dextrinoid, mycosclereids with
irregular shape, and the outer layer composed of spherocysts
in chains, 14.1– 24.7 × 11.7–15.2(–19.5) µm, with regular
walls ≤ 1 µm thin, yellowish in 5 % KOH. Endoperidium with
filamentous hyphae measuring 3.1– 3.9 µm diam, with regular
walls ≤ 1 µm, branched, aseptate, hyaline in 5 % KOH, and
non-dextrinoid. Capillitium lycoperdon-type along the gleba,
subelastic to elastic, hyphae 3–4.8 µm diam, with regular walls
≤ 1 µm, dichotomously branched, with numerous pits, yellowish in 5 % KOH, non-dextrinoid, septa lacking. Paracapillitium
absent. Basidiospores globose, verrucose, 3.6 – 4.4 × 3.6 – 4.3
µm [Qm = 1.03; x = 4.0 ± 0.2 × 4.1 ± 0.2; n = 30], with short
pedicels, 0.7–1.2 µm, hyaline in 5 % KOH, non-dextrinoid and
acyanophilic.
Habit & Habitat — Basidiomata growing in small groups on
sandy soil.
Typus. braZil, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Parque Estadual Dunas do
Natal, Trilha da Peroba, soil, 7 Apr. 2016, A.C.M. Rodrigues, N.M. Assis &
I.G. Baseia (holotype UFRN-Fungos 2861, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
MN243154 and MN243155, MycoBank MB832116).
Additional material examined. braZil, Rio Grande do Norte, Parque Estadual Dunas do Natal, soil, 5 July 2008, E.P. Fazolino (UFRN-Fungos 776).
Notes — Based on morphological and molecular characters,
Bovista psammophila belongs to the subgenus Globaria, in the
genus Bovista (Kreisel 1967), and is recognised by its granulose exoperidium, capillitium lycoperdon-type along the gleba,
with numerous pores, presence of mycosclereids in the inner
layer of the exostratum, and verrucose basidiospores. Bovista
psammophila is closely related to B. aestivalis, B. furfuracea,
and B. himalaica. However, B. aestivalis exhibits a compact
subgleba, an intermediary-type capillitium in the centre of the
gleba with numerous pores, and globose to ovoid basidiospores
(Calonge & Demoulin 1975, Demoulin 1979), characters not
found in B. psammophila. Bovista furfuracea is morphologically
similar to B. psammophila, but B. furfuracea has a lycoperdontype capillitium, with fragile hyphae and numerous septa,
smooth to verruculose basidiospores, and a robust rhizomorph
(Moyersoen & Demoulin 1996). Bovista himalaica exhibits
globose to pyriform basidiomata, rudimentary subgleba, and
intermediary-type capillitium along the gleba with no pits (Yousaf
et al. 2013), which differs from B. psammophila. Morphological
and molecular data (ITS nrDNA) show B. psammophila as a
distinct new species.
Subgen.
Bovista
0.78
0.97
0.98
1
Gen. Bovista
EU915072
B. pusilla
EU915073
DQ112613
1
B. plumbea
JX183695
DQ112610
1
B. cretacea
1
DQ112611
DQ112609
0.98
B. paludosa
AJ237630
B. graveolens
DQ112618
KT958937
B. hollosii
KT958938
KT958936
B. tomentosa
DQ112616
DQ112620
B. aestivalis
0.97
EU833650
1
1
0.73
AJ237613
B. capensis
DQ112621
Subgen.
JX183693
Globaria
0.9
B. himalaica
JX183690
0.73
UFRN2861, Bovista psammophila sp. nov.
B. furfuracea
DQ112622
JN572908 ... Lycoperdon subcretaceum
DQ112630 ... Lycoperdon perlatum
1
0.007
Colour illustrations. Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Parque Estadual
Dunas do Natal, where the specimens were collected. From bottom to
top: immature and expanded basidiomata in situ (UFRN-Fungos 2861);
lycoperdon-type capillitium (UFRN-Fungos 2861); capillitium under SEM
(UFRN-Fungos 2861); basidiospores under SEM (UFRN-Fungos 2861);
Scale bars = 10 mm (basidiomata), 50 μm (capillitium), 1 μm (capillitium
SEM), 2 μm (basidiospores SEM).
ITS nrDNA phylogenetic tree obtained with MrBayes v. 3.2.7a (Ronquist et
al. 2012) under GTR+G+I model for 5 M generations. The new species is
marked with a rectangle. The posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are
indicated on the branches. Two Lycoperdon species were included as outgroup. FigTree v. 1.42 and CorelDRAW v. 20.0.0.633 software were used
to edit the final tree.
Ana C.M. Rodrigues, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]
Iuri G. Baseia, Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte,
Campus Universitário, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]
María P. Martín, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
346
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Calycina cortegadensis
347
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1004 – 18 December 2019
Calycina cortegadensis De la Peña-Lastra, P. Alvarado & Requejo, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the place where it was found (Illa de
Cortegada, Parque Nacional Marítimo-Terrestre de las Islas Atlánticas,
Galicia, Spain).
Classification — Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Apothecia solitary to gregarious (–5), with a short but stout stipe,
disc flat to slightly concave, finely pruinose, 0.1– 0.4 cm diam
when dry, 0.2 – 0.5 cm upon rehydration; translucent brown to
pale yellowish brown when fresh, beige brown to bluish brown
when dry; margin elevated, occasionally slightly incurved due
to hairs, pruinose, white when dry; receptacle concolorous
with the disc or slightly paler, furfuraceous, pruinose when
dry. Flesh concolorous with the disc too, or slightly paler. Not
hygrophanous. Asci containing 8 uniseriate to biseriate spores,
(40–)42–48(–53) × 3.5–4.5(–5) µm, cylindrical to subcylindrical, with a simple septum at the base and a conical or obtuse
apex, with a small apical ring structure of the Calycina-type,
slightly bluish to brownish red in Lugol´s solution (IKI: 1 % I2; 3 %
KI). Ascospores ellipsoid with obtuse apices, hyaline, smooth,
with one drop at each end (about 0.5 µm diam), aseptate, about
4–6.5(–7.5) × 2–2.8; 5.2 ± 0.6 × 2.3 ± 0.3, Qn = 2.5 (n = 36) µm
after death. Paraphyses filiform, unbranched, 1.75–2(–3.7) µm
diam, not exceeding the length of asci, with a rounded apex and
abundant small vacuoles, sometimes presenting several septa
at the base, Ectal excipulum composed of parallel, slightly interwoven hyphae of (4.5 –)5.5 –7(–10) µm diam, brown coloured
with bluish tinges. The terminal cells of the calycle edge are
hyphoid, with rounded apices of up to 9 µm wide. Medullary
excipulum arranged as a textura porrecta, with disordered,
interwoven gelatinized elements.
Distribution — Currently known only from the type location
in north-western Spain.
Phylogeny — The analysis of ITS rDNA suggests that the
specimen found in Cortegada represent a distinct lineage of
Calycina (clade 2 in Han et al. 2014). No significant phylogenetic
relationships with other species of this genus could be inferred,
but sub-significant values (PP 0.89, BP 68) suggest a putative
relation with C. marina.
Notes — Calycina cortegadensis is characterised by its
apothecia with an apical disc furfuraceous-pruinose but lacking
external hairs, its yellowish beige to bluish brown tones when
dried, and its spores measuring 4 – 6.5(–7.5) × 2 – 2.8 µm. The
recently proposed lichenicolous species C. alstrupii has similar
spore dimensions, (5 –)5.8(–7) × (1.5 –)2.03(– 2.5) µm, but
those of C. cortegadensis can be as short as 4 µm. In addition,
the apical ring of asci in C. corticatensis becomes slightly blue
to reddish brown in Lugol, and young ascomata of C. alstrupii
are yellowish cream to pale orange (Suija & Motiejūnaitė 2017).
Other species similar to C. alstrupii such as C. venceslai and
C. langida can be found in the same locality, but they have
different spore dimensions and lack the beige-brown to bluish
brown tones when dry (Suija & Motiejūnaitė 2017). The putative
phylogenetic relationship with C. marina is not supported by
any shared ecological or morphological trait, since C. marina
fruits over seaweed, develops pulvinate ascocarps, has spores
8 –13 × 3.3 – 4(– 4.5), and claviform to capitate multiseptate
paraphyses (Baral & Rämä 2015).
EU940163 Arachnopeziza variepilosa
KC412006 Calycina claroflava
(0.93/29)
1.00/100 KT185677 Calycina marina
KT185675 Calycina marina
(0.89/68)
MSS906 Calycina cortegadensis
AY348594 Calycina herbarum
JN033407 Calycina herbarum
JF908571 Pezizella discreta
KC412002 Calycina languida
1.00/98
1.00/100 KC412003 Calycina languida
EF029209 Chalara dualis
1.00/87
FR667224 Chalara pseudoaffinis
JN033382 Calycellina populina
0.97/88
HQ630988 Chalara sp.
KC412007 Calycina lactea
NR 154846 Calycina alstrupii
1.00/100 KY305096 Calycina alstrupii
KC412005 Calycina citrina
1.00/100 KC412004 Calycina citrina
KT876986 Remleria rhododendricola
JN033424 Phialina lachnobrachyoides
1.00/100
JN033404 Mollisina uncinata
0.92/70
0.99/93
JN033457 Mollisina uncinata
JN033448 Hyalopeziza pygmaea
(0.65/65)
GU366722 Uncultured
1.00/100 JX317435 Uncultured
AB190385 Catenulifera brevicolla
NR 121470 Hyphodiscus luxurians
1.00/100 AB546951 Hyphodiscus hymeniophila
AB546948 Hyphodiscus hymeniophila
1.00/61
JN033421 Hyphodiscus sp.
AB546949 Hyphodiscus otani
1.00/84
NR 121471 Hyphodiscus brevicolla
JX852362 Hyphodiscus sp.
JN033447 Venturiocistella japonica
(0.92/68)
AM999681 Uncultured
1.00/100
JN033391 Venturiocistella sp.
1.00/100 GU122894 Uncultured
HQ611317 Uncultured
1.00/86
FR667221 Chalara hyalocuspica
FR667214 Chalara longipes
1.00/99
FR667210 Chalara recta
0.95/67
1.00/99
FR667231 Chalara piceae-abietis
JN033418 Microscypha ellisii
0.99/89
JN033428 Microscypha ellisii
JN033420 Microscypha sp.
1.00/85
JF908572 Pezizella chrysostigma
KJ735022 Microscypha sp.
1.00/100
JN033444 Microscypha sp.
HM488470 Uncultured
1.00/84
JN033441 Hamatocanthoscypha laricionis
1.00/89
KP109912 Uncultured
FR667223 Chalara holubovae
1.00/100 0.99/99 JX967099 Chalara sp.
HM036588 Infundichalara microchona
CLADE 2
1.00/96
CLADE 3
CLADE 4
Typus. Spain, Galicia, Pontevedra, Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas
de Galicia, Illa de Cortegada, N42°36'59.65" W8°46'59.22", 9.4 m asl, several
apothecia found together on a living twig of Castanea sativa, 22 Dec. 2017,
S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype MSS906, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
MN017444 and MN017503, MycoBank MB831334).
CLADE 1
0.05
Colour illustrations. Location where C. cortegadensis was collected on
Cortegada Island. Ascomata in different developmental stages; asci and
paraphyses, ascospores, terminal cells of the calycle edge, medullary excipulum; apothecia section. Scale bar = 10 μm.
50 % majority rule ITS rDNA consensus phylogram of genus Calycina and
related clades in the family Hyaloscyphaceae (Han et al. 2014) obtained in
MrBayes from 4 725 sampled trees. Nodes were annotated if supported by
≥ 0.95 Bayesian PP (left) or ≥ 70 % ML BP (right). Non-significant support
values are exceptionally represented inside parentheses.
Saúl De la Peña-Lastra, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,
15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, 39012 Santander, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
Óscar Requejo, Grupo Micológico Gallego, San Xurxo, A Laxe 12b, 36470, Salceda de Caseleas, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
348
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Chromosera ambigua
349
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1005 – 18 December 2019
Chromosera ambigua Tanchaud, Jargeat & Eyssart., sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet reflects the difficulties encountered in separating
this species from morphologically close Chromosera ‒ from Latin ambigua
(doubtful, uncertain).
Classification — Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata small-sized, omphalioid. Pileus 5 – 20(– 30) mm
diam, initially convex to plano-convex with a central depression
or soon umbilicate, translucently striate up to the centre, hygrophanous, at first distinctly viscid, entirely whitish, yellow, lilac or
with a combination of these colours. Lamellae moderately distant, decurrent, concolorous with the cap, sometimes yellowish
with a whitish cap. Stipe 10 – 40 × 1– 3 mm, cylindrical, viscid
when young, concolorous with the cap or more or less lilac especially at the top. Context concolorous with the surface or paler,
without distinctive smell or taste. Spores (7.2 –)7.4 – 9.3(–11) ×
(4.3–)4.5–5.5(–5.8) μm, Q = (1.4–)1.5–1.9(–2.1), ellipsoid or
amygdaliform, sometimes with concave side or constricted in
apical part. Basidia 30–40 × 8–9 μm, predominantly 4-spored,
narrowly clavate, clamped. Cystidia absent. Gill trama interwoven, with cylindrical elements measuring 35 – 50 × 8 –13 μm,
with yellow extracellular granules on fresh material. Pileipellis
a thin ixocutis of cylindrical hyphae, 2 – 5(– 8) μm wide. Clamp
connections present.
KF407939 Chromosera lilacina RP: 10705 TENN:58791
Chromosera lilacina GE16112
100
Chromosera lilacina GE16115
92
GE18008-1
100
GE18008-2
Chromosera ambigua sp. nov.
GE18008-3
56
99
45
97
Chromosera lilacina
KF291054 Chromosera lilacina T.Borgen 86.294 (CFMR)
GU234145 Hygrocybe citrinopallida GG312:86
U66435 Hygrocybe citrinopallida Lutzoni:930731-1 DUKE
Chromosera citrinopallida
Chromosera citrinopallida Boertmann:2006.2 CFMR DEN:29
EU784356 Hygrocybe xanthochroa RGB K(m)55746
91
Chromosera xanthochroa GE16114
Chromosera xanthochroa GE16110
Chromosera xanthochroa
Chromosera xanthochroa GE16113
AF261455 Chromosera cyanophylla DAOM208603
94
AF261456 Chromosera cyanophylla DUKE1645
Chromosera cyanophylla
Chromosera cyanophylla AFTOL-ID 1684
MG050103 Chromosera sp. IMG 6589-17
58
94
Chromosera sp.
Chromosera cyanophylla TL-5091 (CFMR)
KJ194074 Chromosera cyanophylla PRM:922848
Chromosera cyanophylla
KJ194075 Chromosera cyanophylla WU:28831
EU784352 Hygrocybe viola RGB K(m)20264
98
KF477303 Gloioxanthomyces vitellinus LD 1617064
EU784355 Hygrocybe vitellina RGB K(m)67295
100
Gloioxanthomyces nitidus isolate 2 GDGM41710
96
100
Gloioxanthomyces vitellinus
Gloioxanthomyces sp.
KF468712 Gloioxanthomyces nitidus DJL05NC65c4 TENN:61894
KF468708 Gloioxanthomyces nitidus SC 13 VT (CFMR)
Gloioxanthomyces nitidus
KF468713 Gloioxanthomyces nitidus DJL05NC65c5
PhyML analysis (Guindon & Gascuel 2003) of a combined SSU, ITS, LSU
and RPB2 sequence dataset (3 413 positions, including gaps), conducted with
the Geneious® platform placed this species in Chromosera, closely allied to
C. lilacina, C. citrinopallida and C. xanthochroa. Chromosera cyanophylla is
more divergent and appears to be separated into two groups, one American
and one European. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per
site and the bootstrap support values (based on 500 replicates) are indicated above branches. Blue dots are for European specimens, red dots for
American specimens and green dots for Asiatic specimens. The alignment
and the tree were deposited in TreeBASE (study 24563).
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — In small groups on poor sandy and clay soil not far from ponds, in a heathland with lichens
(Cladonia sp.), and surrounded by Erica arborea, E. cinerea,
Calluna vulgaris, Ulex europaeus and Pinus pinaster. Other
rare and interesting species found at the same locality included
Arrhenia chlorocyanea, Hydropus moserianus, Galerina nana,
Psathyrella flexispora, Plectania rhytidia and Rommelaarsia
flavovirens.
Typus. france, Charente-Maritime, Saint-Gemme, La Grande-Vergne,
45.764873°N, -0.931785°E, alt. 10 – 20 m, 31 Jan. 2016, P. Tanchaud (holotype GE18008, ITS, SSU, LSU, RPB2 sequences GenBank MK645573
to MK645575, MK645581 to MK645583, MK645587 to MK645589 and
MK645593 to MK645595, MycoBank MB830214).
Notes — Because of its viscid pileus and stipe, decurrent
lamellae with non-gelatinised edge but with interwoven trama
and sometimes constricted and white spores, this new species
fits the genus Chromosera subgenus Oreocybe (Boertmann
1990, Lodge et al. 2013) that already includes C. xanthochroa,
C. citrinopallida and C. lilacina. According to Boertmann (1990,
2010), Candusso (1997) and Borgen & Arnolds (2004), C. citrinopallida and C. lilacina have an arctic and alpine distribution
while C. xanthochroa can also be found in oceanic temperate
areas. Because of its habitat, C. ambigua could therefore be
compared with C. xanthochroa, but the latter has the narrowest
spores of the subgenus, measuring on average less than 4.5
µm diam, while the average width of the spores of our new
species easily reaches 5 µm diam.
On the other hand, considering the three species with spores on
average larger than 4.5 µm, C. citrinopallida is chrome-yellow
and pales to white as it ages, and therefore never presents lilac
tones, while C. lilacina has a brownish orange to lilac cap and
a lilac stem (Consiglio 1997, Hausknecht et al. 2003, Consiglio
& Contu 2007, Boertmann 2010). But as already pointed by
Boertmann (1990) and Consiglio & Contu (2007), discoloured
specimens of the last two species can only be distinguished by
their ecological preferences, C. lilacina being more hygrophilous
than C. citrinopallida. Without considering the different ecological preferences of the species, yellow and lilac specimens of
C. ambigua can therefore be respectively confused with C. citrinopallida and C. lilacina, from which they differ essentially by
their always clearly striate cap vs ‘sometimes short translucently
striate from margin’ or ‘± translucently striate’ (Boertmann 2010,
see also Borgen & Arnolds 2004). Chromosera viola, which
belongs to the subgenus Subomphalia, is readily distinguished
by its completely dry pileus and stipe and broad, subglobose
and non-constricted spores (Boertmann 2010, Lodge et al.
2013, Sánchez & Gibert 2015).
Colour illustrations. France, La Grande-Vergne, part of the heathland
where the holotype was collected. Basidiomata in situ (holotype); spores
from holotype. Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (spores).
Patrice Tanchaud, 2 rue des Espics, F-17250 Soulignonne, France; e-mail: [email protected]
Guillaume Eyssartier, Attaché honoraire au Muséum national d’histoire naturelle de Paris, 180 allée du Château,
F-24660 Sanilhac, France; e-mail: [email protected]
Patricia Jargeat & Hervé Gryta, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique),
118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
350
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cladosporium fildesense
351
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1006 – 18 December 2019
Cladosporium fildesense C. Gil-Durán, Vaca & R. Chávez, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to Fildes Bay Area, King George Island, Antarctica, where the fungus was isolated.
Classification — Cladosporiaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes.
Conidiophores dimorphic, cylindrical or subcylindrical, solitary
or in small groups, septate, erect, flexuous or straight, arising
from the terminal or generally lateral hyphae, pale brown or pale
olivaceous brown. Micronematous conidiophores much shorter,
small and lateral, occasionally geniculate, subcylindrical to cylindrical-oblong, 6.3–8.1 × 2.3–3 µm, proliferating sympodially,
with 1–3 conidiogenous loci. Macronematous conidiophores
50 –79.8 × 4.5 – 5.8 µm. Ramoconidia 26 – 39 × 3.2 – 4.8 µm;
secondary ramoconidia ellipsoid, subcylindrical, 11.10–18.08 ×
3.88–4.58 μm, 0–1-septate, surface ornamentation verruculose
with one or three distal hilum. Numerous catenate conidia in
branched chains, 4.7– 6.2 × 2.9 – 4.1 μm, obovoid, limoniform
or subglobose, surface with pustulate ornamentation.
Culture characteristics — (after 2 wk at 20 °C in the dark):
On potato dextrose agar colonies reach 29–32 mm diam, without the presence of diffusible pigments and/or exudates. The
morphology of the colony seen on the back is characterised
by a velvety mycelium immersed in the agar, radially furrowed,
olive-green, while on the obverse of the plate the colony has
a flat growth, with a somewhat elevated colony centre, velvety
olive-black colour, and dense sporulation. In the outer part of
the colony, there is an edge with a white filiform margin. On
oatmeal agar the colony reaches 32 – 35 mm diam without
presence of diffusible pigments and/or exudates. The colony
has round shape, with abundant velvety olive-green aerial mycelium immersed in the agar, profuse sporulation, and presents
filiform edges. On malt extract agar, the colony reaches 25 – 27
mm diam, and does not produce diffusible pigments and/or
exudates. The colony seen on the back has a rounded shape,
dark green colour and opaque texture. On the obverse of the
plate, the colony has a flat growth with abundant aerial velvety
mycelium of olive-yellow colour immersed in the agar, and
filiform edges. On synthetic nutrient-poor agar, colonies reach
23–25 mm diam without presence of diffusible pigments and/or
exudates. On the reverse of the plate, a flat round colony of dark
green colour is observed. On the obverse of the plate, the colony
has olive-green aerial mycelium and profuse sporulation mainly
in the centre of the colony.
Cardinal temperature for growth — Optimum 20 °C, maximum 25 °C, minimum 5 °C.
Notes — Based on the combined analysis of ITS, actA and
tef1 markers, Cladosporium fildesense belongs to the C. herbarum complex (Bensch et al. 2015) and is phylogenetically
related to C. soldanellae, C. ossifragi and C. spinulosum. Cladosporium spinulosum differs from our new species by the digitate ornamentation of conidia and the absence of secondary
ramoconidia (Zalar et al. 2007). Regarding C. soldanellae, this
species has stromatic cells and occasionally forms ramoconidia
(Bensch et al. 2012) while C. fildesense does not show stromatic cells and ramoconidia were always observed. Finally, C. ossifragi differs from C. fildesense by having shorter conidiogenous
cells (5–31 μm long), the muricate conidial ornamentation, and
by lacking primary ramoconidia (Schubert et al. 2007).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Cladosporium ramotenellum (GenBank MF473250.1; Identities 549/
549 (100 %), no gaps), Cladosporium cladosporioides SLBB
(GenBank JN565298.1; Identities 549/549 (100 %), no gaps),
and Cladosporium cucumerinum (GenBank DQ681347.1; Identities 549/551 (99 %), 2 gaps (0 %)). The closest hits using the
LSU sequence are Cladosporium phlei CBS 358.69 (GenBank
MH877726.1; Identities 608/608 (100 %), no gaps), Cladosporium herbarum CBS 128892 69 (GenBank MH876581.1;
Identities 608/608 (100 %), no gaps), and Cladosporium
cladosporioides CBS 127051 (GenBank MH875838.1; Identities 608/608 (100 %), no gaps). The closest hits using the
actA sequences were Cladosporium spinulosum CBS 102044
(GenBank EF679541.1; Identities 213/231 (92 %), 1 gap (0 %)),
Cladosporium ossifragi CBS 842.91 (GenBank EF679535.1;
Identities 212/233 (91 %), 4 gaps (1 %)), and Cladosporium
soldanellae CPC 13153 (GenBank JN907001.1 Identities
207/231 (90 %), 4 gaps (1 %)). The closest hits with tef1 sequences were Cladosporium ramotenellum (GenBank LN834482.1;
Identities 214/245 (87 %), 6 gaps (2 %)), Cladosporium soldanellae CPC 13153 (GenBank JN906994.1; Identities 207/236
(88 %), 5 gaps (2 %)), and Cladosporium ossifragi CBS 843.91
(GenBank EF679460.1; Identities 204/236 (88 %), 5 gaps (2 %)).
Typus. antarctica, South Shetland archipelago, King George Island, Fildes Bay, from an unidentified marine sponge, 13 Dec. 2009, I. Vaca (holotype
F09-T12-1, culture ex-type ChFC-554, ITS, LSU, actA and tef1 sequences
GenBank JX845290, MN245038, MN233632 and MN233633, MycoBank
MB832139).
Supplementary material
Colour illustrations. Picture taken during sampling showing typical landscape of Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Cladosporium fildesense
growing on oatmeal agar; conidiophores and conidium on SNA after 14 d at
20 °C. Scale bars = 10 μm (conidiophores), 2 μm (conidium).
FP1006 Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny of C. fildesense and related
species within C. herbarum complex was inferred from the combined analysis
of ITS, actA and tef1 sequences (Bensch et al. 2015). Alignments and ML
analyses were performed with MegaX (Kumar et al. 2018). Model used was
HKY + G + I. Bootstrap support values (> 50 %) are shown at the nodes (bootstrap iterations = 1 000). The tree was rooted using combined ITS and actA
sequences from Toxicocladosporium banksiae CBS 128215 (type strain).
Carlos Gil-Durán & Renato Chávez, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363,
Estación Central, 917002, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Inmaculada Vaca, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
352
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Clavulina iris
353
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1007 – 18 December 2019
Clavulina iris Loizides, Bellanger & P.-A. Moreau, sp. nov.
Etymology. In honour of the mythical Greek goddess Iris (Ἶρις), associated
with the rainbow.
Classification — Clavulinaceae, Cantharellales, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina.
Basidiomata coralloid, 2 –7 cm high × 1– 5 cm wide, comprised
of a sterile base and multiple fertile branches. Base 1– 2.5 cm
high × 1–1.5 cm wide, white-pruinose. Branches amphigenous,
up to 1 cm thick, polychotomous-bifurcate (V-shaped), sometimes partially or extensively fused, smooth to strongly rugose
with age; surface pruinose, ranging in colour from cream-white
to ochraceous-yellow, pink, mouse grey or dull lilac; apices
blunt to acute, mostly unbranched but frequently with multiple
cristate ends, pale and often with a green hue when young,
progressively browning and finally blackening with age. Trama
pliant-cartilaginous, concolorous or paler than the branches.
Odour unpleasant, somewhat of chlorine. Spore deposit creamwhite. Basidiospores (8–)9.2–10.4(–11.3) × 6.5–8.5(–9.5) μm
(Me = 9.2–7.3; Q = 1.07–1.45; Qm = 1.26), subspherical to
ovoid or lacrymoid, sometimes broadly ellipsoid to cylindrical,
smooth, thick-walled (0.5 –1 μm), eguttulate, inamyloid, subhyaline to translucent ochraceous-grey in KOH, with a short hilar
appendage. Basidia mostly bisporic, less frequently (~10 %)
monosporic and rarely also trisporic, 45 – 80 × 6 – 9(–11) μm,
slenderly clavate to subcylindrical, flexuous, thick-walled, with
coarse vacuolar content, mostly filled with yellowish necropigment after spore discharge; postpartal septa infrequent on the
upper third; sterigmata incurved, acute to somewhat rounded
at the apices, 4–6 mm long; clusters of cylindrical to somewhat
deformed basidioles frequent at bases of basidia. Cystidia absent, but long, 7– 9 µm wide hyphal ends (pseudocystidia)
often protruding 15 – 40 µm above the hymenium, thickened
and incrusted at the apex by mucus. Hyphal system monomitic,
comprised of smooth, 5 – 9(–11) μm wide, cylindrical to somewhat inflated and thick-walled hyphae frequently branching.
Clamp connections common.
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Terrestrial, fruiting solitary
or in small groups of loosely coalescing basidiomata between
January and April, on calcareous substrates under Quercus
coccifera subsp. calliprinos, Pinus brutia and Cistus.
Typus. cypruS, Dora, on calcareous substrate under Quercus coccifera
subsp. calliprinos, Pinus brutia and Cistus shrubs, 5 Mar. 2015, M. Loizides
(holotype in Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Lille: LIP 0401586;
isotype in herb. pers. M. Loizides n° ml5135C1, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank MN028412 and MN028396, MycoBank MB832755).
Additional materials examined. cypruS (var. iris), Souni, 2 Mar. 2015,
M. Loizides, ML5132C/LIP 0001618 (paratype, GenBank MN028411); Dora,
5 Mar. 2015, M. Loizides, ML5135C2 (GenBank MN028413); Anogyra, 17
Feb. 2015, M. Loizides, ML51271-CC (GenBank MN028414); Kelefos,
3 Jan. 2019, M. Loizides, ML9113CLI (GenBank MN028415). – france
(var. occidentalis), Bonifacio, îlot Fazzio, 21 Nov. 2005, P.-A. Moreau,
PAM05112103 (as ‘C. cristata var. curta’, GenBank MN028407); Mérindol,
27 Nov. 2011, J.-M. Bellanger, D. Borgarino, G. Corriol, P.-A. Moreau & F.
Richard, PAM11122702 (GenBank MN028408); Pézilla-de-Conflent, Chenil
Sauvage, under Quercus ilex on calcareous soil, 27 Nov. 2012, F. Richard
& P.-A. Moreau, PAM12112740 (GenBank MN028409).
Colour illustrations. Collection area of ML9131C at Kelefos. From top to
bottom: holotype coll. in situ LIP 0401586; basidiospores; hymenium with
projecting pseudocystidia; basidium; coll. ML71322V5 in situ. Scale bars
10 mm (specimens in situ), 30 μm (hymenium), 10 μm (basidiospores and
basidium).
Notes — Clavulina iris is a species of exceptional morphochromatic variability, often displaying a blend of ochraceous,
cream, pink, green and lilac colours all in the same specimen,
as well as a mixture of smooth and rugose branches with both
blunt and cristate tips. It is common on the island of Cyprus,
where it is found from late winter to early spring in a variety of
calcareous habitats (300–700 m asl). Lilac tinges are present in
very few European species of Clavulina, most notably C. amethystina (Donk 1933), a species originally described in genus
Clavaria by Bulliard (1791). European collections identified as
this taxon, however, display vibrant violet-lilac colours (Corner
1970), lacking the ochraceous, cream or green tinges seen in
C. iris, and cluster in a different phylogenetic lineage (Olariaga
et al. 2009; Supplementary Fig. FP1007-1). Clavulina reae,
proposed by Olariaga & Salcedo (2012) for collections previously identified as ‘C. cinerea var. gracilis’ (Rea 1918), is also
characterised by lilac-grey tinges, but produces smaller, slender
and sparsely branched fruit bodies nesting in a distant lineage
(Olariaga et al. 2009; Supplementary Fig. FP1007-1). Among
the many forms and variants of C. cinerea formerly described,
‘Clavaria cinerea f. sublilascens’ (Bourdot & Galzin 1928), later
invalidly renamed ‘Clavulina crassa’ by Corner (1950), is morphologically close to C. iris. We refrain from adopting Bourdot
& Galzin’s epithet, because the very short original description
could also apply to C. reae, among others, but also because
the Arvernian authors did not prospect Mediterranean localities in their description, with their collections likely originating
from temperate deciduous forests, where C. iris has yet to be
documented.
Clavulina iris var. occidentalis Bellanger, P.-A. Moreau &
Loizides, var. nov.
Differs from the type by more slender, smooth basidiomata and
abundant pseudocystidia.
Typus. france, Pézilla-de-Conflent, Pathy-Danglade, 26 Nov. 2012, P.-A.
Moreau & F. Richard (holotype in Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of
Lille: LIP 0401619; isotype in herb. pers. P.-A. Moreau n° PAM12112617,
ITS sequence GenBank MN028410, MycoBank MB832819).
Notes — The variability of C. iris is also geographical and,
to some extent, phylogenetic. In the type collections from Cyprus specimens are usually stout, early rugose and with few
pseudocystidia. Collections from France, on the other hand,
all found under Quercus ilex in late autumn, are more slender,
smooth and with abundant pseudocystidia (Supplementary Fig.
FP1007-2). No significant differences in spore size could be
found, but the geographical and subtle morphological patterns
correlated to few but significant differences in ITS sequences
(1 indel and 2 SNPs), which led us to propose West-European
collections at the rank of variety.
Supplementary material
FP1007-1 ITS phylogeny of Clavulina. Alignment with Muscle 3.7, Maximum
likelihood phylogenetic analysis with PhyML 3.0, tree building with TreeDyn
198.3, all performed online at phylogeny.fr (Dereeper et al. 2008). Lineage
supports indicated on each branch are SH-aLRT values, significant when
> 0.8.
FP1007-2 Clavulina iris var. occidentalis. Collection area at Pézilla-deConflent (France). From left to right: holotype coll. in situ LIP 0401619, and
coll. PAM11112702. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Michael Loizides, P.O. Box 58499, 3734 Limassol, Cyprus; e-mail: [email protected]
Jean-Michel Bellanger, CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, INSERM,
1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; e-mail: [email protected]
Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Université de Lille, Faculté de pharmacie de Lille, EA 4483, F-59000 Lille, France; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
354
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Colletotrichum roseum
355
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1008 – 18 December 2019
Colletotrichum roseum M. Zapata, M.A. Palma, M.J. Aninat & Piont., sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the rose-coloured aerial mycelia in
culture.
Classification — Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes.
Sexual morph not observed. Asexual morph on synthetic nutrient poor agar (microscopic preparations in 60 % lactic acid,
with at least 50 measurements per structure). Vegetative hyphae 1–9.5 μm diam, hyaline, sometimes pale brown, smoothwalled, septate, branched. Chlamydospores not observed.
Conidiomata acervular, consisting of conidiophores and setae
formed directly on hyphae. Setae abundant, medium brown,
smooth-walled, slightly curved or zig-zag-shaped, 0–2-septate,
35 – 90 μm long, base cylindrical, sometimes inflated, 3.5 – 6.5
μm diam at the widest part, tip rounded to acute. Conidiophores
hyaline, smooth-walled, simple or septate and branched, up to
65 μm long. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, thick-walled, smooth,
cylindrical, thinner towards the apex, (10 –)15 – 28(– 30)β-tub
×
(2 –)2.5 – 3.5(– 4), apex 0.5 –1 μm diam, with periclinal thickening visible. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight,
cylindrical to fusiform, with one end round and one end slightly
acute, cytoplasm appearing granular, (16 –)18 – 21.5(– 25) ×
(4 –)5 – 5.5(– 6) μm, mean ± SD = 19.5 ± 1.5 × 5.3 ± 0.3 μm,
L/W ratio = 3.7. Appressoria single or in small groups of 2 – 3,
medium brown to olive, smooth-walled, clavate, ovate or irregular outline, the edge entire or undulate, sometimes lobate,
(6.5–)8–12.5(–16.5) × (4.5–)6–8.5(–9) μm, mean ± SD = 10.5
± 1.8 × 6.9 ± 0.9 μm, L/W ratio = 1.6.
Cultural characteristics — (near UV light with a 12 h photoperiod, 20 °C after 10 d): Colonies on SNA flat with entire
margin, surface hyaline to rose-violet coloured, reverse same
colour, covered with appressed mycelium, reaching 30.1 ± 1.8
mm diam. Colonies on OA flat with entire margin, surface rose
to grey with age, reverse reddish, covered with felty aerial mycelium, reaching 53.0 ± 1.7 mm. Conidia in mass salmon, more
abundant in strain RGM 2616.
leaves of Copihue. One strain of C. roseum was collected on
the same host and locality to that of Physalospora lapageriae,
an older fungus described by Spegazzini (1910) which was later
reclassified as Glomerella lapageriae (Petrak & Sydow 1934).
However, it proved impossible to compare our asexual fungus
with G. lapageriae. Type material of G. lapageriae is deposited
at the Museo La Plata (Argentina) and is not currently available for loan to attempt DNA isolation and comparison. Under
these circumstances, and considering that C. gloeosporioides,
C. godetiae and C. pyricola have also been diagnosed on
Copihue by The National Plant Protection Organization in areas
close to where C. roseum was found, there is no certainty that
G. lapageriae is the same species, and therefore we propose
to describe the new strains as a new species.
Colletotrichum roseum belongs to the Colletotrichum acutatum
species complex (Damm et al. 2012), and is phylogenetically
close but clearly distinct from C. kniphofiae. The new species
differs from C. kniphofiae by its shorter conidia and characteristic rose-coloured culture. Colletotrichum roseum can
be identified with all loci studied, except LSU, with GAPDH
and ACT performing best as a diagnostic sequence. Based
on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database restricted to ex-type strains, the closest hit using the
GAPDH sequences were C. phormii (GenBank JQ948777,
Identities = 238/252 (94.4 %), 3 gaps), C. acerbum (GenBank
JQ948790; Identities = 235/252 (93.3 %), 3 gaps) and C. johnstonii (GenBank JQ948775; Identities = 234/252 (92.9 %), 3
gaps). Closest hits using the ACT sequence were C. phormii
(GenBank JQ949767, Identities = 239/247 (96.8 %), no gaps),
C. arboricola (GenBank MH817956; Identities = 242/252
(96.0 %), no gaps) and C. salicis (GenBank JQ949781; Identities = 237/247 (96.0 %), no gaps).
C. fioriniae CBS 128517 T
98
C. acutatum CBS 112996 E
C. salicis CBS 607.94 E
99
Typus. chile, Concepción, Cerro Caracol, on leaves of Lapageria rosea
(Philesiaceae), 4 Dec. 2018, F. Franco (holotype RGM 2685, culture extype CBS 145754 = SAG-99199-18; ITS, LSU, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2
sequences GenBank MK903611, MK903608, MK903603, MK903604 and
MK903607, MycoBank MB830891).
Additional materials examined. chile, Alto BíoBío, on leaves of L. rosea,
26 Apr. 2018, J. Silva, RGM 2616 = CBS 144798 = SAG 47521-18, ITS, GAPDH
and TUB2 sequences GenBank MK903609, MK903601 and MK903605;
Quillón, on leaves of L. rosea, 12 Sept. 2018, G. Atanasovici, RGM 2653 =
CBS 145292 = SAG 71721-18, ITS, GAPDH and TUB2 sequences GenBank
MK903610, MK903602 and MK903306.
Notes — Colletotrichum roseum was isolated from conidiomata emerging from leaf spots on Lapageria rosea (Copihue).
All strains examined produced infertile perithecia in culture
that were immersed in the agar (after 3 mo), even though they
were inoculated onto plates containing pieces of autoclaved
Colour illustrations. Lapageria rosea growing in its natural habitat in
Chile (courtesy Mhylton Jiménez-Castillo, 2019). Symptomatic leaf; colony
on oatmeal at 10 d; conidiophores with seta (in lactophenol cotton-blue);
conidia; setae; appressoria. Scale bars = 10 µm.
C. johnstonii CBS 128532 T
100
C. pyricola CBS 128531 T
C. godetiae CBS 133.44 T
95
C. phormii CBS 118194 E
99
72
76
C. rhombiforme CBS 129953 T
C. acerbum CBS:128530 T
C. kinghornii CBS 198.35 T
C. arboricola RGM 2481 T
C. australe CBS 116478 T
C. kniphofiae CBS 143496 T
100
RGM 2685 T
RGM 2653
C. roseum sp. nov.
RGM 2616
C. orchidophilum CBS 631.80
1 change
One of the six equally most parsimonious trees (212 steps, CI = 0.670,
HI = 0.330, RI = 0.741) obtained from the multi-locus phylogenetic analysis
(ITS-GAPDH-ACT-TUB2) for selected Colletotrichum species. The analysis
was conducted with PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003). DNA sequences
were aligned using MAFFT v. 7.0 employing the E-INS-i strategy. Bootstrap
support values ≥ 70 % are shown above nodes (1 000 replicates). The tree
was rooted with Colletotrichum orchidophilum. T = ex-type, E = ex-epitype.
Mario Zapata, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Chillán, Unidad de Fitopatología, Claudio Arrau 738, Chillán,
Código Postal 3800773, Chile; e-mail: [email protected]
María Antonieta Palma & María José Aninat, Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorio Regional Valparaíso, Unidad de Fitopatología,
Antonio Varas 120, Valparaíso, Código Postal 2360451, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Eduardo Piontelli, Universidad de Valparaíso, Facultad de Medicina, Profesor Emérito Cátedra de Micología, Angámos 655,
Reñaca, Viña del Mar, Código Postal 2540064, Chile; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
356
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cordyceps jakajanicola
357
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1009 – 18 December 2019
Cordyceps jakajanicola Luangsa-ard, Tasan., Noisrip. & Hywel-Jones, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the host, jakajan, cicada in Thai and cola - Latin
suffix meaning ‘inhabitant of, residing on’.
Classification — Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Stromata pale yellow (blackish brown after drying), simple, fusiform, fleshy, erect, protruding from the ground with several stromata loosely connected emerging from between the head and
the thorax of the cicada nymph, 32–45 mm long. Fertile part on
the terminal end c. 1/3 of the stroma. Mycelia scarce, whitish,
covering the host, slightly rhizoidal in the soil joining together to
form a compact stipe upon emerging from the soil. Perithecia
semi-immersed, ovoid, 400 – 650 × 300 – 400 μm. Asci cylindrical, 265–360 × 4–5 μm, ascus tip 2–3 μm. Ascospores whole,
bola-shaped, 250 – 310 × 1 µm, terminal part fusiform 54 – 60 ×
1 μm, central part filiform, < 1 μm diam. Asexual morph Isaria.
Synnemata erect and simple with branching near the apex,
often clavate, growing from a white to creamy mycelium which
covers the host, powdery and floccose near the apex due
to heavy conidiation. Conidiophores consisting of verticillate
branches with whorls. Phialides 4 – 5.3(– 6) × 2 – 3.5(– 4) μm,
consisting of a globose, oval or occasionally conical swollen
basal portion tapering suddenly into a thin neck, 0.5 μm wide.
Conidia ellipsoid or cylindrical, mostly symmetrical, rarely
slightly curved, (4 –)4.5 – 6(–7) × (1.5 –)2 – 2.5(– 3) μm.
Culture characteristics — Discharged ascospores germinated within 24–36 h. Colonies had a white to cream funiculose
appearance with a cream reverse. Cultures readily produced
phialides and conidia after 2 wk on potato dextrose agar at
room temperature showing a powdery appearance due to
profuse conidiation. From the sexual morph: Colonies on PDA
fast growing, attaining 15 – 20 mm diam within 14 d at 25 °C.
Colonies floccose, at first white, turning into cream-brown
and looking powdery with age. Phialides flask-shaped with
long neck, (4 –)5.5– 8(– 9) × (2 –)2.5 – 3.5 μm. Conidia in long
chains, cylindrical, (6 –)7– 9(–10) × 2 – 3 μm. Chlamydospores
solitary, clavate, cylindrical, unicellular, (9 –)10 –15(–17) ×
(3 –)4.5 – 6.5(–7) μm.
Typus. thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov., Khao Yai National Park, on
cicada nymph, buried in soil, 9 July 2015, K. Tasanathai, W. Noisripoom &
D. Thanakitpipattana (holotype BBH40246, culture ex-type BCC79816, SSU,
LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences GenBank MN296394, MN275696,
MN338479, MN338484 and MN338489, MycoBank MB832492).
Additional materials examined. thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov., Khao
Yai National Park, on cicada nymph, buried in soil, 9 July 2015, K. Tasanathai,
W. Noisripoom & D. Thanakitpipattana (BBH 40247, BCC 79817, SSU,
LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences GenBank MN296395, MN275697,
MN338480, MN338485 and MN338490); Kanchanaburi Prov., Thung Yai
Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, on cicada nymph, buried in soil, 15 Sept. 2002,
R. Nasit, W. Thongsridam & B. Tongnuch (BBH8628, BCC12807, SSU, LSU
and TEF sequences GenBank MN296392, MN275694 and MN338477); ibid.,
(BBH8629, BCC12839, SSU, LSU and TEF sequences GenBank MN296393,
MN275695 and MN338478).
Colour illustrations. Type locality – a trail in Khao Yai National Park.
Fungus on cicada nymph (sexual morph); perithecia on stroma; ovoid perithecium; asci; bola ascospore; fungus on cicada nymph (asexual morph);
phialides; conidia. Scale bars =15 mm (stromata), 300 µm (perithecia on
stroma), 120 µm (asci), 20 µm (perithecium), 15 µm (ascospore), 5 µm
(phialides, conidia).
Notes — Cordyceps jakajanicola is parasitic on cicadas that
can be found buried in the soil. The macromorphologies of the
natural samples of C. jakajanicola closely resemble Cordyceps
bifusispora (Eriksson 1982) by producing fusiform, pale yellow ascomata on the terminal part of the stroma. It differs
significantly in the host, sizes of the perithecia, asci and ascospores. In C. jakajanicola, perithecia and asci are longer and
wider than those reported for C. bifusispora (300 × 150–170 μm;
200 – 220 × 3 – 4.5 μm; 145 – 220 × 4 μm). It shares similarities
with C. lepidopterorum (Mongkolsamrit et al. 2018) in phialide
and conidial dimensions. In C. lepidopterorum the phialides and
conidia are larger (5 – 8 × 4 – 5 μm; 6 –10 × 3 – 4 μm) compared
to C. jakajanicola and differs in their respective hosts. The results of our molecular phylogenetic study strongly support and
separate C. jakajanicola from other species. Cordyceps jakajanicola is therefore proposed as a new species belonging to
Cordyceps.
Cordyceps jakajanicola BCC 12807
91/95/100
Cordyceps jakajanicola BCC 12839
Cordyceps jakajanicola BCC 79817
Cordyceps jakajanicola BCC 79816
81/100/99
Cordyceps lepidopterorum TBRC 7263
77/58/100
Cordyceps lepidopterorum TBRC 7264
Cordyceps bifusispora EFCC 5690
-/-/96
Cordyceps bifusispora EFCC 8260
Cordyceps coleopterorum CBS 110.73
80/-/100
Cordyceps ghanensis CBS105.73
Cordyceps blackwelliae TBRC 7257
Cordyceps blackwelliae TBRC 7256
Cordyceps tenuipes OSC 111007
Cordyceps tenuipes ARSEF 5135
Cordyceps fumosorosea CBS 107.10
96/99/100
Cordyceps fumosorosea CBS 375.70
77/100/100 Cordyceps cateniannulata CBS 152.83
Cordyceps
Cordyceps cateniannulata TBRC 7258
Cordyceps farinosa CBS 111113
Cordyceps ninchukispora EGS 38.165
Cordyceps ninchukispora EGS 38.166
Cordyceps pruinosa ARSEF 5413
Cordyceps oncoperae AFSEF 4358
Cordyceps kyusyuensis EFCC 5886
Cordyceps militaris OSC 93623
Beauveria staphylinidicola ARSEF 5718
Beauveria bassiana ARSEF 1564
10 changes
Phylogenetic tree with C. jakajanicola was constructed from a combined
dataset comprising SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences. The
phylogenetic tree was analysed using Maximum parsimony (MP), Maximum
likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference. The MP analysis was conducted
on the combined dataset using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003), adopting
random addition sequences (100 replications), with gaps being treated as
missing data. A bootstrap (BP) analysis was performed using the maximum
parsimony criterion in 1 000 replications. The ML analysis was run with
RAxML-VI-HPC2 v. 8.2.12 (Stamatakis 2014) under a GTR model, with
1 000 bootstrap replicates. Bayesian phylogenetic inference was calculated
with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003), with 5 M generations
and under the same model. Numbers at the significant nodes represent
MP bootstrap support values/RAxML bootstrap support values/Bayesian
posterior probabilities (BPP) times 100. Thickened lines in the tree represent
99 –100 % BP values and 99 –100 BPP.
Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Kanoksri Tasanathai & Wasana Noisripoom, BIOTEC, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Nigel Hywel-Jones, BioAsia Life Sciences Institute, 1938 Xinqun Rd, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200, PR China; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
358
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Cordyceps kuiburiensis
359
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1010 – 18 December 2019
Cordyceps kuiburiensis Himaman, Mongkols., Noisrip. & Luangsa-ard, sp. nov.
Etymology. The name refers to the location where the species was collected – Kui Buri National Park, Thailand.
Classification — Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes.
Stroma solitary, up to 8 mm long and 1–1.5 mm in width, cylindrical, pale red-orange. Rhizoids flexuous, arising from the
body of spiders (Araneidae), c. 2 – 5 mm long, buried under the
ground. Fertile part at apex. Ascomata clavate to subglobose,
red-orange, 1.5 – 5 mm long, 1– 2.5 mm in width. Perithecia
pseudo-immersed, obpyriform, (350–)370–460(–550) × (120–)
140–190(–240) µm. Asci cylindrical, up to 280 µm long, 3–5 µm
in width. Ascospores hyaline, filiform with septations, up to 250
µm long, 1 µm in width. Asexual morph, evlachovaea-like, produced on base of the stroma and on the soil surface, powdery
because of heavy sporulation, whitish, synnemata up to 1.5 mm
long, conidiophores usually forming verticillate branches with
phialides in whorls of 2 – 5. Entire phialides 5 –10 × 2 – 3.5 μm,
with swollen, ellipsoidal basal portion, tapering into a neck, 1–5
× 1 μm. Conidia hyaline, mostly ellipsoidal, fusiform, aseptate,
2 – 3.5 × 1–1.5 μm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies developed from germinating conidia. The conidia germinated within 24 h on PDA.
Evlachovaea-like conidial morphs developing after c. 7 d. Colonies on PDA fast growing, c. 2.5 cm diam in 14 d at 25 °C. Colonies pale pink, becoming white when sporulating abundantly
after 30 d, reverse deep pink. Conidial structures consisting
of erect conidiophores borne or aerial hyphae, verticillate with
phialides in whorls of two to four. Some phialides borne directly
and singly on aerial hyphae. Phialides (3 –)4 – 8(–10) × 1.5 – 2
µm, with swollen, ellipsoidal basal portion, necks present, 1– 3
× 1 µm. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoidal, fusiform, aseptate, 3 – 4 ×
1.5 – 2 μm.
Typus. thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov., Kui Buri National Park, on
spiders (Araneidae), buried in soil, 7 Jan. 2011, W. Himaman (holotype
BBH45453, culture ex-type BCC90322, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and ITS sequences
GenBank MK968816, MK988030, MK988032 and MN099707, MycoBank
MB831637).
Additional materials examined. thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov.,
Kui Buri National Park, on spider (Araneidae), buried in soil, 7 Jan. 2011,
W. Himaman, BBH45454 (BBC90323), LSU, TEF, RPB1 and ITS sequences GenBank MK968817, MK988031, MK988033 and MN099708; ibid.,
BBH45452 (BCC90321).
Notes — Most of the species in Cordyceps have been reported as parasites of insects such as Coleoptera, Hymenoptera,
Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera, producing brightly coloured, fleshy
stromata. In this study, Cordyceps kuiburiensis is parasitic on
spiders (Araneidae) that can be found buried in the soil. This
species is only found in PraktaKhoo Waterfall, Kui Buri National
Park, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province. The gross macromorpholColour illustrations. Background photo of forest in Prachuap Khiri Khan
Province. Fertile part with ascomata and asexual morph; perithecia; asci;
ascus tip; ascospores; phialides; conidia; culture on PDA, evlachovaealike asexual morph on PDA; conidia. Scale bars = 10 mm (plate culture),
5 mm (stromata), 120 µm (perithecia), 50 µm (asci), 10 µm (ascus), 50 µm
(ascospores), 5 µm (phialides and conidia, evlachovaea-like morph on PDA
with conidia), 3 µm (conidia).
ogy of the natural samples of C. kuiburiensis closely resembles
C. ninchukispora (Sung et al. 2007) that can also be found
in soil or in leaf litter (Luangsa-ard et al. 2008) by producing
clavate to subglobose, orange to orangish red ascomata on the
terminal part of the stroma. It differs significantly in the sizes of
the perithecia and asci. In C. kuiburiensis, perithecia and asci
are longer and wider than those reported for C. ninchukispora
(95 –145 × 50 – 60 μm; 75 –100 × 2.1– 3.1 μm) by Su & Wang
(1986). Additionally, the ascospores in C. kuiburiensis are
filiform, while ascospores in C. ninchukispora are whole, bolashaped, with expanded fusoid end parts, and its hosts are
lepidopteran pupae, not spiders. The results of our molecular
phylogenetic study strongly support and separate C. kuiburiensis from other species. Cordyceps kuiburiensis is therefore
proposed as a new species belonging to Cordyceps.
Cordyceps bifusispora EFCC 5690
Cordyceps bifusispora EFCC 8260
-/-/91
Cordyceps lepidopterorum TBRC 7263
53/71/100
Cordyceps lepidopterorum TBRC 7264
-/-/94
Cordyceps sp. EFCC 2535
Cordyceps takaomontana BCC 12688
55/100/100
Cordyceps blackwelliae TBRC 7257
Cordyceps blackwelliae TBRC 7256
67/87/100
Cordyceps cf. ochraceostromata ARSEF 5691
-/-/100
Cordyceps coleopterorum CBS 110.73
Cordyceps tenuipes OSC 111007
Cordyceps tenuipes ARSEF 5135
98/100/100
Cordyceps fumosorosea CBS 244.31
75/93/100
Cordyceps fumosorosea CBS 107.10
99/98/100
Cordyceps farinosa CBS 111113
Cordyceps cateniannulata CBS 152.83
Cordyceps cateniannulata TBRC 7258
Cordyceps ninchukispora EGS 38.165
Cordyceps ninchukispora EGS 38.166
Cordyceps pruinosa ARSEF 5413
53/-/97
Cordyceps morakotii BCC 55820
60/-/100
Cordyceps morakotii BCC 68398
Cordyceps chiangdaoensis BCC 68469
69/-/100
87/92/100
68/-/100
98/99/100
64/100/97
Cordyceps oncoperae AFSEF 4358
Cordyceps rosea spat 09-053
Cordyceps kyusyuensis EFCC 5886
Cordyceps militaris OSC 93623
Cordyceps kuiburiensis BCC 90322
Cordyceps kuiburiensis BCC 90323
Cordyceps amoenerosea CBS 107.73
93/94/100
Cordyceps amoenerosea CBS 729.73
Cordyceps javanica TBRC 7260
Cordyceps javanica TBRC 7259
Samsoniella aurantia TBRC 7272
Samsoniella aurantia TBRC 7271
Akanthomyces aculeatus TS 772
67/-/97
Akanthomyces aculeatus HUA 186145
Blackwellomyces pseudomilitaris BCC 1919
Blackwellomyces pseudomilitaris BCC 2091
Hevansia novoguineensis NHJ 11923
Hevansia novoguineensis NHJ 4314
10 changes
Phylogenetic tree with C. kuiburiensis was constructed from the combined
dataset comprising LSU, TEF and RPB1 sequences. The phylogenetic tree
was analysed using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML)
and bayesian inference. The MP analysis was conducted on the combined
dataset using PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003), adopting random addition
sequences (100 replications), with gaps being treated as missing data.
A bootstrap (BP) analysis was performed using the maximum parsimony
criterion in 1 000 replications. ML analysis was run with RAxML-VI-HPC2
v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) under a GTR model, with 1 000 bootstrap replicates. Bayesian phylogenetic inference was calculated with MrBayes v. 3.2.6
(Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003), with 3 M generations and under the same
model. Numbers at the significant nodes represent MP bootstrap support
values/RAxML bootstrap support values/Bayesian posterior probabilities
(BPP) times 100. Thickened lines in the tree represent 99 –100 % bootstrap
support values and 99 –100 BPP.
Suchada Mongkolsamrit, Wasana Noisripoom & Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard,
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng,
Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Winanda Himaman, Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation,
61 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
360
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata
361
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1011 – 18 December 2019
Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata Torres-Garcia, Guarro & Gené, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the conidial ornamentation of the species.
Classification — Ajellomycetaceae, Onygenales, Eurotiomycetes.
On potato carrot agar (PCA) at 25 °C. Mycelium consisting of
branched, septate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled 1– 3 µm
diam hyphae. Conidiophores unbranched, erect, cylindrical,
12 – 60 × 1– 2 µm, bearing terminal conidia. Conidia solitary,
more rarely in chains of 2 – 3, globose to subglobose, hyaline,
verrucose to tuberculate, thick-walled, 6 – 9 × 6 – 8 µm. On malt
extract agar (MEA) at 37 °C giant cells of 9–22.5 × 9–14.5 µm,
and yeast-like cells of 7.5 –11.8 × 7.5 – 9 were observed after
3 wk. Sexual morph absent.
Culture characteristics at 25 °C in 3 wk — Colonies on MEA
reaching 17.5–19 mm diam, flat, yellowish white (4A2) to yellowish orange (4B7) (Kornerup & Wanscher 1978), velvety, margin
lobulated; reverse yellowish orange (4B7); sporulation sparse.
On potato dextrose agar (PDA) reaching 35 – 38 mm, felted,
greenish white (282A), irregularly sulcate, margin lobulated;
reverse dark green (28F7); sporulation sparse. On PCA reaching 44 – 49 mm diam, cottony, white, margin irregular; reverse
colourless; sporulation abundant.
Cardinal temperatures for growth — Minimum 15 °C, optimum 30 °C, maximum 37 °C.
able to produce the yeast morph at 37 °C as in E. terrestris,
but with a faster conversion time (3 wk). Besides, our species
differs from the other two by its verrucose to tuberculate conidia, the lack of sessile and intercalary conidia, and colonies
with a dark green in reverse when growing on PDA at 25 °C.
Colony reverse on PDA in E. coralliformis was pale yellow to
olive brown and in E. terrestris yellowish white to pale yellow
(Marin-Felix et al. 2015).
Our phylogenetic reconstruction with the barcodes LSU, ITS
and BenA places E. tuberculata in a basal lineage distant from
the clade formed by the other species of Emmonsiellopsis. A
megablast search in the NCBIs GenBank nucleotide database
using LSU sequences showed that E. tuberculata was 98.83 %
(675/683) similar with E. terrestris (CBS 273.77; GenBank
KT155190.1) and 97.85 % (684/699) with E. coralliformis
(CBS 137500; GenBank NG_059238.1), whereas the similarity
using ITS sequences was 90.80 % (533/587) with E. terrestris
(CBS 273.77; GenBank NR_153965.1) and 92.98 % (503/541)
with E. coralliformis (CBS 137500; GenBank NR_153996.1),
respectively. BenA sequences showed a similarity of 80.17 %
(380/474) between E. tuberculata and E. terrestris (CBS 273.77;
GenBank KT155526.1) and of 79.33 % (330/416) between
E. tuberculata and E. coralliformis (CBS 137500; GenBank
KY710967.1).
Typus. Spain, Aragón, Huesca, Remáscaro stream, fluvial sediments,
Sept. 2018, D. Torres-Garcia (holotype CBS H-24082, culture ex-type CBS
145944 = FMR 17582; LSU, ITS and BenA sequences GenBank LR598891,
LR598892 and LR599029, MycoBank MB831790).
T
100 B. percursus CBS 139878
Notes — The genus Emmonsiellopsis was introduced by
Marin-Felix et al. (2015) to accommodate E. terrestris and
E. coralliformis, both of which were also recovered from Spanish fluvial sediments as E. tuberculata. Emmonsiellopsis was
characterised by producing blastic conidia, borne sessile or on
pedicels, smooth, verrucose to spinulose, rarely septate and
intercalary, and by the lack of sexual morph and yeast-like phase
(Marin-Felix et al. 2015). Later Jiang et al. (2018) demonstrated
the ability of Emmonsiellopsis species in producing yeast-like
cells after 4 – 5 wk on MEA, namely at 33 °C in E. coralliformis
and at 37 °C in E. terrestris. Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata was
B. percursus CBS 142605
B. dermatitidis CBS 673.68 T
99
B. parvus CBS 139883
100
B. parvus CBS 139882
B. silveriae CBS 139885 T
100
99
Blastomyces
H. capsulatus UAMH 3536
H. capsulatus UAMH 7141
Histoplasma
E. crescens CBS 177.60 T
E. sola CBS 142607 T
100
Emmonsia
E. pasteurianus CBS 139522
E. pasteurianus CBS 140361
81
E. canadensis CBS 139872 T
96
100
E. orientalis CBS 124587 T
P. brasiliensis UAMH 8037 T
Emergomyces
Paracoccidioides
E. tuberculata FMR 17582 T
E. coralliformis FMR 4024 T
93
E. terrestris FMR 4023
99
100
E. terrestris CBS 273.77 T
Emmonsiellopsis
Arthroderma flavescens CBS 473.78 T
Arthroderma flavescens CBS 474.78
0.05
Colour illustrations. Cerler, Aragón, Spain. Colony on PDA and PCA after
3 wk at 25 °C; conidiophores and conidia after 14 d at 25 °C; yeast-like cells
from MEA after 3 wk at 37 °C. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the concatenated analysis of LSU,
ITS and BenA sequences of Emmonsiellopsis and related genera of the
family Ajellomycetaceae. Bootstrap support values above 70 % are indicated
on the nodes. The alignment included 1 443 bp and was performed using
Tamura-Nei with Gamma distribution with Invariant sites (G+I) as the best
nucleotide substitution model. Both the alignment and tree were constructed
with MEGA v. 6 software (Tamura et al. 2013). The new species proposed in
this study is indicated in bold face. A superscript T denotes ex-type cultures.
Daniel Torres Garcia, Josep Guarro & Josepa Gené, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21,
43201 Reus, Spain; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
362
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Fusarium awaxy
363
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1012 – 18 December 2019
Fusarium awaxy Petters-Vandresen, Galli-Terasawa, Terasawa & Glienke, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the Tupi-Guarani word for maize, ‘awaxy ’,
referring to the substrate (maize ears and stalks) and geographical location
(Arapoti and Guarapuava cities in Paraná, as these names come from the
Tupi-Guarani language).
Classification — Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes.
On synthetic nutrient agar (SNA) with carnation leaves: Microconidia forming abundantly in false heads in aerial mycelium,
arising in monophialides and polyphialides, oval, 7.8 –16 µm
(x̅ = 11.7 µm) long, 2.1– 5.7 µm (x̅ = 4.4 µm) wide, aseptate.
Chlamydospores absent. Sporodochia tan to cream coloured,
formed on the surface of carnation leaves and seldom covered
with aerial mycelium, occasionally formed on the surface of
carnation leaf agar (CLA) or potato dextrose agar (PDA). Macroconidia 3-septate, 24.1– 43.5 µm (x̅ = 30.4 µm) long, 3.2 – 5.1
µm (x̅ = 4.2 µm) wide, less abundant than microconidia, and
observed only in sporodochia.
Culture characteristics — Colonies on PDA growing in the
dark with average radial growth rate of 5.9 mm/d at 24 °C
(reaching 74 – 80 mm diam in 7 d at 24 °C), with abundant
aerial mycelium. Colony white, pale pink, pale violet or peach,
occasionally becoming dark pink, vinaceous or violet in older
cultures. Odour absent. Minimum observed temperature for
growth at 16 °C, maximum at 32 °C, and optimal at 23 – 28 °C
on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar and SNA.
Typus. braZil, Paraná, Guarapuava, on rotten stalks of Zea mays
(Poaceae), 2016, F. Terasawa (holotype UPCB93138-H, cultures ex-type
LGMF1930 = CMRP 4013, ITS, LSU, tef1, tub, cal and rpb2 sequences
GenBank MH252922, MN566091, MG839004, MG839013, MK766940 and
MK766941, MycoBank MB824048).
Notes — Fusarium awaxy was identified as a new member
from the American clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species
complex in a phylogenetic analysis using tef1, tub, ITS, cal and
rpb2 sequences. Fusarium temperatum and F. subglutinans,
both species already described causing maize stalk rot (Leslie
& Summerell 2006, Scauflaire et al. 2011) are the closest phylogenetic relatives. Fusarium temperatum and F. subglutinans
show some morphological similarities, both producing microconidia on mono- and polyphialides arranged in false heads in
the aerial mycelium, only differing in the degree of septation of
the macroconidia, as F. temperatum macroconidia are usually
4-septate and F. subglutinans are 3-septate (Scauflaire et al.
2011). Besides the difference in sporodochia colour, there is not
a clear morphological delimitation between F. awaxy and F. subglutinans. Nevertheless, many other species morphologically
similar to F. subglutinans have been described (e.g., F. bulbicola, F. guttiforme, F. sacchari) and can be properly differentiated
only with the use of molecular information (Leslie & Summerell
2006). Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum have already
been described causing human infections (Al-Hatmi et al. 2014),
but F. awaxy did not grow above 32 °C, suggesting inability to
cause infection in humans.
Colour illustrations. Zea mays growing in a field trial near Curitiba. Fusarium awaxy colony on potato dextrose agar plate; sporodochia on carnation
leaves; aerial conidiophores: polyphialide, false head and monophialide;
aerial oval conidia (microconidia); sporodochial conidia (macroconidia).
Photos: D.A.L. Petters-Vandresen. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Additionally, based on a BLAST search and a phylogenetic
analysis using tef1 sequences, other strains, which were misidentified as F. subglutinans, are now identified as F. awaxy.
Such strains include isolates from Zea mays from China (GenBank KT716223; Identities = 630/630 (100 %)) (Zhang et al.
2016), South Korea (GenBank JX867945; Identities = 641/641
(100 %)) (Kim et al. 2012), Argentina (GenBank MG857113;
Identities = 641/641 (100 %)) (Martinez et al. unpubl. data) and
Brazil (GenBank KP336408; Identities = 545/ 545 (100 %))
(Faria et al. 2012), as well as one strain isolated from Sorghum
bicolor in the USA (GenBank KX681493; Identities = 634/634
(100 %)) (Funnell-Harris et al. 2017). Furthermore, another isolate from Zea mays from South Africa (MRC 115, GenBank
MH582309; Identities = 649 /649 (100 %)), which was previously identified both as F. subglutinans and also as a putatively
novel species (‘Fusarium sp. 8’) (O’Donnell et al. 2018), can
now be referred as F. awaxy.
NRRL 54463 (T)
F. agapanthi
CBS 118516 (T)
- / 0.9
F. ananatum
F. guttiforme
MRC 7539 (T)
- / 0.92
NRRL 25204
Fusarium sp.
NRRL 25300 (T)
F. begoniae
NRRL 13602
F. anthophilum
F. succisae
NRRL 13613
CBS 125535 (T)
F. werrikimbe
MRC 115 / ATCC 38016
0.003
98 / 1
LGMF1661 / CMRP4003 F. awaxy
- / 0.9
LGMF1930 / CMRP4013 (T)
MUCL 52450 (T)
100 / 1
F. temperatum
100/1
NRRL 25622
MUCL 52468
NRRL 22016 (T)
89 / 1
F. subglutinans
NRRL 53904
NRRL 54158
NRRL 20476 (T)
F. bactridioides
CBS 137238 (T)
- / 0.91
F. marasasianum
- / 0.98
F. parvisorum
CBS 137236 (T)
96 / 1
- / 0.98
CBS 137240 (T)
F. pininemorale
F. sororula
CBS 137242 (T)
NRRL 29124
Fusarium sp.
F. bulbicola
NRRL 13618 (T)
F. konzum
CBS 119849 (T)
NRRL 25807
Fusarium sp.
CBS 137234
F. fracticaudum
Fusarium sp.
NRRL 25195
F. sterilihyphosum
NRRL 25623 (T)
NRRL 53984 (T)
F. tupiense
- / 0.97
F. mexicanum
NRRL 53147 (T)
98 / 1
NRRL 25346
Fusarium sp.
NRRL 26756
Fusarium sp.
NRRL 26757
Fusarium oxysporum
NRRL 22902
Bayesian Inference tree produced with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al.
2012) at CIPRES Science Gateway (Miller et al. 2012) based on tef1, tub2,
ITS, cal and rpb2 sequences of Fusarium awaxy and other reference strains
belonging to the American clade of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. ML
bootstrap values above 70 % (obtained using GARLI 2.01 (Zwickl 2006) at
CIPRES Science Gateway) and Bayesian posterior probability values (PP)
values above 0.9 indicated to the left of the nodes. Ex-type strains included
in analysis are indicated in bold and with (T). The tree was rooted to Fusarium
oxysporum NRRL 22902. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions
per nucleotide. TreeBASE: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/
TB2:S24292.
Desirrê Alexia Lourenço Petters-Vandresen, Lygia Vitória Galli-Terasawa, Francisco Terasawa & Chirlei Glienke,
Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
364
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Geastrum lanuginosum
Fungal Planet description sheets
365
Fungal Planet 1013 – 18 December 2019
Geastrum lanuginosum R.V.B. Araújo, J.O. Sousa, M.P. Martín, Baseia & B.D.B Silva,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the woolly appearance of the exoperidium
surface.
Classification — Geastraceae, Geastrales, Agaricomycetes.
Unexpanded basidiomata epigeous, dark to pale brown (N70Y99M50 to N60Y99M40; Küppers 2002), globose to subglobose,
1.8 – 6.8 × 2.8 –14 mm, surface cottony, spongy, with hyphal
tufts forming an areolate pattern, lacking encrusting debris,
presence of subiculum white (N00M00C00) little developed
covering the substrate, with rhizomorphs adhered to the base.
Expanded basidiomata saccate, 5.7–11.2 × 16.5–30.2 mm (including peristome). Exoperidium splitting into 5 – 6 rays, planar
to revolute, recurved under the basidiomata, non-hygroscopic.
Mycelial layer dark brown (N70Y99M50, N80Y99M50) when
fresh, becoming paler (N60Y99M40, N70Y99M40) when dry,
not encrusted with debris, persistent, there is no double layer,
surface free of incrustations, cottony and persistent in all basidiomata, formed by hyaline hyphae, acuminate-strangled.
Fibrous layer light beige (N00Y50M20), papery surface, formed
by filamentous hyphae with thin walls, 0.5–1 µm diam. Pseudoparenquimatous layer white ice (N10M00C00), rimose when
dried, persistent, consists of brown hyphae, 13 – 50 × 15 – 47
µm. Endoperidial body pale grey (N60Y20M20), globose, 4–10
× 8–21.3 mm, sessile, glabrous surface. Apophysis and pedicel
absent. Peristome fibrillose, slightly delimited, up to 1 mm high,
mammiform, same colour as endoperidium. Columella circular
to columnar, central, yellowish white (N00C00Y10). Mature
gleba dark brown (N90Y70M40). Basidiospores globose,
brownish in 5 % KOH, 3 – 4 µm diam [av. = 3.4 ± 1.2 × 3.7 ± 0.5
µm, Qm = 1, n = 20], verrucose in SEM, columnar warts, up to
0.5 µm, rounded at apex. Eucapillitium brownish, thin-walled
(< 1 µm diam), 2 – 5 µm diam.
pseudoparenquimatous layer that is reddish when fresh (Silva
et al. 2013a). The other species of the section are morphologically distinguished by: hirsute mycelial layer and peristome
not delimited in G. albonigrum (Calonge & Mata 2004); hirsute
mycelial layer and larger basidiospores (up to 6.4 µm) in G. inpaense (Cabral et al. 2014); non-delimited peristome and
larger basidiospores (up to 7 µm) in G. ishikawae (Crous et al.
2016a); lightly encrusted mycelial layer, orange to pale brown,
and larger basidiospores in G. caririense (Crous et al. 2017a);
non-delimited peristome, mycelial layer strongly encrusted
with debris and sand, and larger basidiospores (5 – 6 µm) in
G. rufescens (Sunhede 1989); and non-delimited peristome,
developed subiculum and larger basidiospores (4.8 – 5.6 µm)
in G. argentinum (Zamora et al. 2014). Geastrum lanuginosum could be morphologically compared to G. javanicum and
G. velutinum, although these species cluster in a different
phylogenetic section (sect. Myceliostroma subsect. Velutinae).
Furthermore, these two species also have a well-developed
subiculum, distinct delimited peristome and an ephemeral
mycelial layer without strangulated-acuminate hyphae.
Typus. braZil, Bahia, Salvador, Federal University of Bahia, on leaf litter
covered soil and wood, near to Guareaguidonea (Meliaceae) in an anthropised area, 29 May 2017, B.D.B. Silva, M.L.V.D. Costa & R.R. Fermiano
(holotype ALCB-129358, isotype UFRN 3168, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank MK940901 and MK936167, MycoBank MB830896).
Notes — The phylogenetic analysis grouped Geastrum lanuginosum in the section Exareolata (Zamora et al. 2014) with
G. aculeatum, G. albonigrum, G. argentinum, G. caririense,
G. echinulatum, G. inpaense, G. ishikawae and G. rufensens.
All these species have hyphal projections on their exoperidium, as does G. lanuginosum. Morphologically, G. aculeatum
and G. echinulatum are similar to G. lanuginosum; however,
G. aculeatum has larger basidiospores (5 –7.5 µm diam) and
an exoperidium with aculeate hyphal tufts, and G. echinulatum
has a well-developed subiculum, non-delimited peristome, and
Colour illustrations. Brazil, Bahia, Salvador, Universidade Federal da
Bahia, where the specimens were collected. Immature basidiomata; mature
basidiomata; organization of exoperidium hyphae; hyphae acuminatestrangled from mycelial layer; basidiospores under SEM. All images from
holotype ALCB-129358. Scale bars = 10 mm (mature basidiomata), 5 mm
(immature basidiomata), 1.4 mm (organization of exoperidium hyphae), 30 µm
(hyphae acuminate-strangled), 1 µm (basidiospores under SEM).
The first of three equally most parsimonious trees of the ITS nrDNA sequence
alignment were obtained from a heuristic search. The analysis was conducted
with PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2003) with 10 000 bootstrap replicates. The
new Geastrum species described here is indicated in green. The accession
numbers from EMBL/GenBank databases are indicated on the tree. Bootstrap
support values greater than 50 % for Parsimony and Maximum-Likelihood
are indicated on the branches. Maximum-Likelihood analysis was run with
RAxML-HPC2 v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) under a GTRGAMMA model.
Geastrum fornicatum was included as outgroup. CorelDRAW® X8 software
was used to edit the final tree.
Ruane V.B. Araújo & Bianca D.B. Silva, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Julieth O. Sousa & Iuri G. Baseia, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
María P. Martín, Departamento de Micología, Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
366
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Geastrum wrightii
367
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1014 – 18 December 2019
Geastrum wrightii J.C. Zamora, Dios, G. Moreno, Hern. Caff. & L.S. Domínguez, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Jorge E. Wright, Argentinian mycologist who
contributed to the study of numerous neotropical gasteroid fungi, including
the genus Geastrum.
Classification — Geastraceae, Geastrales, Phallomycetidae,
Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina.
Immature basidiomata not seen. Mature basidiomata reaching
4 cm diam and 2.5 cm high (including the peristome). Exoperidium opened in 6 – 9 not truly hygrometric rays, but with tips
that may be either involute or curved under the exoperidial
disk. Mycelial layer densely encrusting debris, bistratificate,
with the external part formed by hyaline to pale yellowish,
skeletal hyphae with inconspicuous lumen, and the internal
part with hyaline, thin-walled, clamped, generative hyphae,
difficult to distinguish. Fibrous layer coriaceous, cream-coloured
to brownish, formed by yellowish skeletal hyphae with a ±
distinct lumen. Pseudoparenchymatous layer pale cream at
first, soon becoming brownish, around 1 mm thick when fresh,
less than 0.5 mm thick when dried, slightly thicker towards the
stalk, not persistent in old basidiomata, formed by thin-walled
inflated cells of variable size and shape, up to about 40 μm
wide, smaller towards the fibrous layer. Mesoperidium as a
pale cream farinaceous cover over the endoperium in young
basidiomata, formed by small calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
(≤ 12 μm diam) and some generative hyphae. Endoperidial body
prominently stalked, subglobose-applanate to almost disc-like,
up to 1.5 cm diam; endoperidium brown to blackish, glabrous,
sometimes with distinct concentric grooves in the upper half
and radial grooves in the lower half showing the hyphal arrangement, farinaceous when young due to the mesoperidial
cover, formed by brownish skeletal hyphae with distinct lumen.
Peristome plicate, 2–4 mm high, with 14–20 folds, conical, not
delimited to ± distinctly delimited, dark brown. Apophysis very
well developed, ring-like, with a solid and an acute edge. Stalk
2 – 4 mm long, brownish. Columella damaged in the studied
sporocarps, but intruding at least 1/2 into the glebal mass.
Gleba dark brown to blackish. Capillitium formed by yellowish
brown to brownish skeletal hyphae, the broadest about 4 – 5.5
µm diam, thick-walled (up to 2.5 µm thick), with visible lumen,
unbranched; surface smooth or sometimes covered with irregular debris. Basidiospores globose to subglobose, 4 – 5(– 5.5)
µm diam, verrucose, brownish yellow under the compound
microscope. Basidiospore ornamentation under the scanning
electron microscope well-defined, up to 0.8 µm in height, irregularly baculate, generally isolated or forming short crests, tending
to be radially arranged around the hilar appendix.
Habitat & Distribution — Growing solitary to gregarious
among vegetal debris, in mixed broadleaf forests. Only known
from the Humid Chaco (tropical and subtropical grasslands,
savannas and shrublands biome) and the ecotone between
the Southern Andean Yungas (tropical and subtropical moist
broadleaf forests biome) and the Chaco Serrano (tropical and
subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome) (Olson et al. 2001).
Typus. argentina, Catamarca, Dpto. Paclin, La Merced, close to the tunnels entrance, on humus in mixed forest, in ecotone with the Chaco Serrano/
Yungas, May 2009, M.M. Dios 589 (holotype AH 49090, isotype BAFC
52280, ITS, 28S nrDNA, RPB1 and ATP6 sequences GenBank MK732525,
MK732526, MK732533 and MK732530, MycoBank MB832754).
Additional materials examined. argentina, Chaco, Dpto. Sargento Cabral
y Presidencia de la Plaza, Parque Nacional Chaco, on humus in mixed
forest with Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco as a dominant species, 5 May
2010, L. Hernández Caffot MLHC 526 (CORD, ITS/28S nrDNA, RPB1 and
ATP6 sequences GenBank MK732527, MK732534 and MK732531); ibid.,
MLHC 1903 (CORD, ITS/28S nrDNA, RPB1 and ATP6 sequences GenBank
MK732528, MK732535 and MK732532).
Notes — The morphological description is based on nine
sporocarps from three specimens, and consequently, we expect
a much larger intraspecific variation. Intense surveys were conducted during several years to collect additional samples, but
without success, so the species appears to be rare. Geastrum
wrightii belongs to G. subsect. Sulcostomata (Zamora et al.
2014), and is macromorphologically very close to G. striatum,
sharing the very unusual solid, ring-like apophysis under the
endoperidium. Both species can be morphologically distinguished by the basidiospore size and colour, 4–5(–5.5) µm and
brownish yellow in G. wrightii, vs 5 – 6(– 6.5) µm and distinctly
brown in G. striatum. In addition, the ecology and distribution
are different, since confirmed records of G. striatum s.str. are
only known from temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere.
One specimen of Geastrum aff. striatum (AH 18521) from
Mexico shares the small basidiospore size, but the stalk of the
endoperidium is much stouter and shorter, and the apophysis
less marked, with a blunt edge, as explained in detail by Zamora
et al. (2015).
The three studied specimens of G. wrightii form a fully supported
clade in our multilocus phylogeny, with both G. striatum s.str.
and G. aff. striatum from Mexico being well-separated. The three
known species in the G. glaucescens group (G. glaucescens,
G. papinuttii and G. parvistriatum) are also clearly distinct
based on molecular data of the analysed DNA regions, and
are further characterised morphologically by the absence of a
sharp ring-like apophysis.
Supplementary material
Colour illustrations. Argentina, Dpto. Paclin, La Merced, ecotone between
the Yungas forest and the Chaco Serrano, where the holotype was collected.
Detail of a basidioma and basidiospores under the SEM, AH 49090 (holotype); detail of basidiomata and basidiospores under the SEM, MLHC 526
(paratype). Scale bars = 1 cm (basiomata), 1 µm (basidiospores).
FP1014 Fifty percent majority-rule Bayesian phylogram for the G. striatum
and G. glaucescens groups, obtained in MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al.
2012), using the settings indicated in Zamora et al. (2017). Statistical support
on the branches means posterior probabilities from the Bayesian analysis,
and bootstrap values based on 1 000 non-parametric replicates in IQ-Tree
(Nguyen et al. 2015).
Juan Carlos Zamora, Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden, and Departamento de Biología Vegetal II,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: [email protected]
Maria Martha Dios, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Av. Belgrano 300,
San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected]
Gabriel Moreno, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Área de Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá,
E–28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
María Luciana Hernández Caffot, Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Jujuy,
CP 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected]
Laura S. Domínguez, Laboratorio de Micología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET,
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
368
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Golovinomyces glandulariae
369
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1015 – 18 December 2019
Golovinomyces glandulariae L. Kiss & Vaghefi, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the genus Glandularia, from which this obligate
biotrophic fungus was isolated.
Classification — Erysiphaceae, Erysiphales, Leotiomycetes.
Mycelium on stems, leaves, and sepals, amphigenous, producing dense, white patches that can cover the aerial host plant
surfaces. Hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, 3 – 6 µm wide, with simple, nipple-shaped hyphal appressoria. Conidiophores erect,
consisting of a foot-cell, 38 – 95 × 9 –15 μm, basal septum at
the branching point or up to 2 – 3 µm displaced, increasing in
width from base to top, followed by 1– 4 shorter cells, forming
catenescent conidia. Conidia ellipsoid-cylindrical or doliiform,
20 – 36 × 11–17 µm. Germ tubes arising from an end, mostly
shorter than the conidial length, and terminating in a simple,
often swollen appressorium. Sexual morph not seen.
Typus. auStralia, Queensland, Bunya Mountains, -26.8002, 151.5686,
alt. 969 m, on leaves, stems and sepals of Glandularia aristigera (Verbenaceae), 4 July 2019, L. Kiss (holotype BRIP 70490, ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank MN190239 and MN539541, MycoBank MB831976).
Additional materials examined. auStralia, Queensland, Bunya Mountains
- Maclagan Road, close to the intersection with Bunya Mountains Road,
-26.9708, 151.6133, alt. 555 m, on leaves, stems and sepals of Glandularia
aristigera, 10 June 2019, L. Kiss, BRIP 70491, ITS sequence GenBank
MN190241; Bunya Mountains, -26.8799, 151.5975, alt. 967 m, on leaves,
stems and sepals of Glandularia aristigera,18 Feb. 2017, L. Kiss, BRIP 70492,
ITS sequence GenBank MN190240; Bunya Mountains, -26.8811, 151.5975,
alt. 963 m, on leaves, stems and sepals of Glandularia aristigera,10 Mar.
2018, L. Kiss, BRIP 68801, ITS sequence GenBank MN190242; Bunya
Mountains Road, -26.8002, 151.5686, alt. 686 m, 10 June 2019, on leaves,
stems and sepals of Glandularia aristigera, L. Kiss, BRIP 70531, ITS sequence GenBank MN190243.
Notes — Golovinomyces contains approximately 60 species of powdery mildew (Braun & Cook 2012), including many
common, widespread, plurivorous taxa (Braun et al. 2019).
Amongst these, G. orontii s.lat., G. verbenae and G. spadiceus
infect diverse host plant species in the Verbenaceae (Braun
& Cook 2012, Braun et al. 2019). Glandularia aristigera is a
verbenaceous species native to South America that has been
naturalised in parts of Australia.
Golovinomyces glandulariae is the first powdery mildew reported on Gl. aristigera globally, causing severe local epidemics
in 2017–2019 in Australia. One other species, G. verbenae, has
been reported on Gl. phlogiflora (Braun & Cook 2012); other
Glandularia spp. are not known as hosts of powdery mildews.
Golovinomyces glandulariae differs from G. verbenae by having
conidiophores with foot-cells followed by up to four shorter cells,
Colour illustrations. A roadside population of Glandularia aristigera heavily
infected with powdery mildew in Bunya Mountains, Queensland, Australia.
A close-up of an infected plant; conidiophores, non-germinating and germinating conidia, and a hyphal appressorium of Golovinomyces glandulariae.
Scale bars = 15 μm (conidiophores, conidia), 5 μm (hyphal appressorium).
basal septa sometimes 2 – 3 µm displaced from the point of
branching, and smaller conidia. ITS sequences are not available
in GenBank for G. verbenae, thus the phylogenetic relationship
between these two species cannot be determined. Phylogenetically, G. glandulariae is sister to G. magnicellulatus, which is
morphologically similar, although its conidia are larger. As of
26 July 2019, the ITS sequence of G. glandulariae is identical to only two Golovinomyces specimens, KR-M-43410 and
KR-M-43411, available in GenBank (acc. nos. LC076839 and
LC076840, respectively). These were collected from Verbena
in Germany and were recognised as representing a distinct
lineage, without being identified at the species level (Scholler
et al. 2016). The next closest hits using the ITS sequence of
G. glandulariae are 10 G. magnicellulatus specimens with four
to six nucleotide position differences in the ITS2 sequences.
Most of the powdery mildew mycelium on Gl. aristigera consisted of hyphae, conidiophores and conidia of G. glandulariae,
although small patches of Podosphaera xanthii were also found
on the aerial plant surfaces. Podosphaera xanthii has conidia
with fibrosin bodies, which distinguishes it from G. glandulariae.
The ITS sequence of P. xanthii was determined in each specimen (acc. nos. MN190026 – MN190029 and MN190244), and
these were all identical to those available in GenBank for over
30 other specimens of P. xanthii collected from diverse host
plant species in different parts of the world. This is the first
report of P. xanthii on Gl. aristigera globally. It has long been
known that the same plants, and even the same leaves may
be infected by multiple powdery mildew species (Kiss et al.
2008, Desprez-Loustau et al. 2018) as detected in this study.
77/1.0
98/1.0
-/0.96
100/1.0
100/1.0
100/1.0
100/1.0
Maximum likelihood phylogram based on the internal transcribed spacer
sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the intervening 5.8S region.
The alignment was deposited in TreeBASE (acc. no. 24823). The analysis
was performed using RAxML v. 8 (Stamatakis 2014) in Geneious Prime (Biomatters Ltd.) based on the GTR substitution model with gamma-distribution
rate variation. A second measure of branch support was estimated through
Bayesian Inference of the same alignment using MrBayes v. 3.2.4 (Ronquist
et al. 2012). The tree is rooted to Arthrocladiella mougeotii BRIP 66057.
Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values > 80 % and Bayesian Posterior Probability values > 0.80 are shown above or below the branches. The scale bar
represents nucleotide substitutions per site.
Levente Kiss & Niloofar Vaghefi, Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Márk Z. Németh, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1022,
Herman Otto út 15, Hungary; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
370
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Helminthosphaeria hispidissima
371
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1016 – 18 December 2019
Helminthosphaeria hispidissima J. Fourn. & A.N. Mill., sp. nov.
Etymology. Name refers to the very bristly hairs covering the ascomata.
Classification — Helminthosphaeriaceae, Sordariales, Sordariomycetes.
Ascomata ovoid, papillate, with an obtusely rounded to slightly
conical and cruciform apex, 340 – 380 µm diam, 420 – 550 µm
high, numerous, densely clustered, superficial, black, barely
emerging from a dense, shiny dark brown subiculum with tufts
surrounding the ascomata and projecting above, occasionally
covering the ascomata entirely; subiculum hyphae dark reddish
brown, slightly sinuous, branched, remotely septate, 5 – 8 µm
wide, thick-walled with a lumen, walls 1.5–2.5 µm thick, smoothwalled, with rounded tips. Ascomatal wall of textura angularis in
surface view, in longitudinal section 2-layered, 40–55 µm thick,
inner layer textura prismatica, 5–10 µm thick, composed of 2–5
layers of elongate, flattened, thin-walled, brown cells, outer layer
textura angularis, 35–45 µm thick, composed of several layers
of thick-walled, brown cells, cells 4.5 –13.5 µm in their greatest
dimension, walls 1.8 – 2 µm thick, with Munk’s pores; tubercles
composed of clusters of subglobose cells, 6 – 9 µm diam, walls
up to 3.5 µm thick, bearing long hyphal hairs indistinguishable
from the subiculum hyphae. Ascomatal apex composed of a
palisade of thick-walled, rectangular cells converging around
the ostiole and terminating as small, opaque cells on the surface, with periphyses arising from an inner hyaline basal layer.
Paraphyses filiform, 1.5 – 2.5 µm wide, embedded in a dense
mucilaginous matrix, hyaline, sparse, remotely septate, unbranched, persistent. Asci broadly fusiform, 78 – 90 × 13.5 –18
µm, stipitate, stipe 34 – 56 µm, unitunicate, thin-walled, apex
truncate; ring narrow, 0.6 – 0.8 × 3 – 3.5 µm, shallow, refractive, I-, faintly stained by blue and blue-black inks; with 8 bi- to
triseriate ascospores. Ascospores cylindrical, allantoid, with
obtuse ends, (17.5 –)18.5 – 23(– 24) × (4.5 –)5 – 6(– 6.5) µm
(av. 21.2 × 5.7), yellowish and aseptate in the ascus before
maturity, eventually light to yellow brown and 1-septate, septum
medial, thick, blackish brown, not constricted; with large and
small guttules, smooth-walled, without sheath or appendages.
Habitat — Decayed wood in a tropical forest, possibly fungicolous on Hypoxylon investiens.
Distribution — Known only from Martinique, French West
Indies.
Typus. french weSt indieS, Martinique, Prêcheur, Anse Couleuvre, coastal
mesophilic forest, on dead blackened wood, associated with old stromata of
Hypoxylon investiens, N14.84 W61.22, 9 June 2014, J. Fournier & C. Lechat,
MJF 14113 (holotype ILLS00121145 (ILLS), ITS-LSU sequence GenBank
MN447129, MycoBank MB832757).
Additional material examined. french weSt indieS, Martinique, Prêcheur,
Anse Couleuvre, coastal mesophilic forest, on dead blackened wood, associated with old stromata of Hypoxylon investiens, N14.84 W61.22, 16 Aug.
2013, J. Fournier & C. Lechat, MJF 13262 = ILLS00121146.
Notes — Helminthosphaeria hispidissima at first appears to
resemble Lasiosphaeris hirsuta since they share tuberculate,
hairy ascomata (Miller & Huhndorf 2004). However, their ascospores differ greatly being allantoid and lacking appendages
in H. hispidissima and vermiform with awl-like appendages in
L. hirsuta. Six other species in the Helminthosphaeriaceae possess allantoid to cylindrical and curved ascospores ranging in
shape and septation from short, fat and aseptate in H. stuppea
and H. tomaculum to longer, narrower and up to 1-septate in
Echinosphaeria canescens and Ruzenia spermoides to long,
narrow and 1–5-septate in E. heterostoma and Hilberina punctata (Miller et al. 2014). Helminthosphaeria hispidissima is easily
distinguished by its brown, 1-septate ascospores, whereas the
other six species possess hyaline to pale brown (or brown, but
much longer ascospores in E. heterostoma), aseptate or multiseptate (rarely 1-septate) ascospores.
94
64
Echinosphaeria canescens KF765605
Echinosphaeria canescens AY436404
Helminthosphaeria cf. stuppea KF765611
100
100
Ruzenia spermoides KF765618
Ruzenia spermoides AY436421
100
71
Hilberina punctata MN447130
Helminthosphaeria hispidissima MN447129
Heminthosphaeria tomaculum KF765613
Melanochaeta hemipsila AY346292
0.05
Chaetosphaeria ovoidea AF064641
Maximum likelihood tree generated using PhyML in SeaView v. 4.5.4 (Gouy
et al. 2010). Helminthosphaeria hispidissima is in bold. Numbers above
branches refer to bootstrap support values. GenBank accession numbers
for the LSU region are given after taxon names.
Colour illustrations. Background photo of typical tropical undergrowth in
Anse Couleuvre (Martinique). Ascomata; ascus; young and older ascospores;
ascoma; longitudinal sections through ascomal wall; ascal apices. Scale
bars = 1 mm (ascomata), 100 µm (ascoma), 10 µm (young ascus, older
ascospores, ascomal walls), 5 µm (ascal apices). Photos: Jacques Fournier.
Andrew N. Miller, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street,
Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Jacques Fournier, Las Muros, 09420 Rimont, France; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
372
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae
373
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1017 – 18 December 2019
Hermetothecium T.F. Nóbrega, B.W. Ferreira, H.C. Evans & R.W. Barreto, gen. nov.
Etymology. Having a sealed sporocarp.
Classification — Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Ascomata chasmothecium (similar to sporocarps of the Erysiphales), without an ostiole, epiphytic, formed on a subiculum
on living leaves, globose, brown. Hymenium containing asci but
no sterile filaments. Asci bitunicate, subglobose, fasciculate.
Ascospores ellipsoid, 0 – 2-septate, hyaline. Asexual morph
unknown.
Type species. Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae T.F. Nóbrega, B.W.
Ferreira, H.C. Evans & R.W. Barreto
MycoBank MB832759.
Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae T.F. Nóbrega, B.W. Ferreira, H.C. Evans &
R.W. Barreto, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the host, Mikania micrantha.
Colonies hypophyllous, forming irregular white patches on the
host surfaces, powdery mildew-like. Mycelium superficial, composed of very narrow (1– 4 μm diam), branched, almost indistinguishably septate, thin-walled, hyaline, hyphae, forming a
dense colourless subiculum. Ascomata chasmothecium (similar
to fruit bodies of the Erysiphales), scattered to gregarious, globose, 51–74 × 55 –76 μm diam, without an ostiole, walls thickened composed of 3–4 layers of brown textura globulosa, 7–17
μm, smooth. Asci fasciculate, subglobose, 19 – 27 × 7–12 μm,
bitunicate, 8-spored. Sterile filaments absent. Ascospores ellipsoid, 7–13 × 2–5 μm, 0–2-septate, hyaline, smooth. Asexual
morph absent.
Typus. braZil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, campus of the Universidade Federal
de Viçosa, coffee experimental area (Viveiro de Café), on living leaves of
Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), 4 Dec. 2018, R.W. Barreto (holotype VIC
47212, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MN537723 and MN537725, MycoBank MB832760).
Phylogenetic trees constructed from the analysis of Maximum
Parsimony and Bayesian Inference demonstrated that the fungus belongs to the Chaetothyriaceae. Many species included in
this family are epiphytes, colonising the surface of living leaves
with mycelium limited to the host cuticle (Chomnunti et al. 2012).
Sequences of the fungus, obtained directly from colonies on
living leaves of M. micrantha, formed a clade isolated from other
genera of Chaetothyriacae, with high support (bootstrap = 100
/ posterior probability = 1) justifying the recognition of a new
monotypic genus for this species.
The closest genera to Hermetothecium in the phylogenetic study
are Phaeosaccardinula and Vonarxia. Fungi in Phaeosaccardinula have ascomata, with a dark, non-setose pellicle, saccate,
bitunicate asci and muriform, hyaline to brownish ascospores
(Yang et al. 2014). Vonarxia is based on an asexual morph
which is sporodochial, with septate setae (Batista et al. 1960).
Notes — Numerous attempts to isolate this fungus on a
range of general-purpose culture media failed to produce any
culture, leading to the conclusion that this is a biotrophic taxon.
Furthermore, detailed observations under the compound microscope and via scanning electron microscopy failed to produce
any evidence of appressoria, or other penetration structures
of leaf tissue, or any internal growth of mycelium. It appears
that H. mikaniae-micranthae is an epiphyte relying strictly on
plant exudates for its growth and is a specialised colonist of
this plant host. Mikania micrantha is a relatively uncommon but
widespread ruderal climber in Brazil, frequently associated with
marshy areas. However, in its exotic range in the Palaeotropics,
especially in Asia, it is highly invasive and damaging (milea-minute weed) in both natural and agricultural ecosystems
(Ellison & Sankaran 2017).
Supplementary material
Colour illustrations. Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae forming whitish, powdery-mildew-like colonies on the underside of Mikania micrantha
leaves. Brown, thick-walled ascoma; colony formed abaxially (note brown
sphaeroid ascomata associated with whitish subiculum); squash-mounted
ascoma releasing asci-only hymenium; fascicle of immature asci; 8-spored
mature asci. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FP1017 Maximum Parsimony Tree inferred from the combined datasets of
ITS and LSU sequences from species belonging to the families Chaetothyriaceae and Cyphellophoraceae, including two specimens of Hermetothecium
mikaniae-micranthae obtained in this study (indicated in bold). Bootstrap
support values (≥ 70 %) and later Bayesian probabilities (≥ 0.90) are given
at each node. The tree is rooted to Cladophialophora australiensis CBS
112793 and C. potulentorum CBS 112222.
Thaisa F. Nóbrega, Bruno W. Ferreira & Robert W. Barreto, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Harry C. Evans, CAB International, UK Centre, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
374
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Lactifluus guanensis
375
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1018 – 18 December 2019
Lactifluus guanensis Delgat & Lodge, sp. nov.
Etymology. Refers to the island where the species was found.
Classification — Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes.
Pileus 56 mm diam, planoconvex with depressed centre; margin straight; surface minutely pubescent, wrinkled near the
margin, dry, light drab fading to drab grey. Stipe 21 × 8–12 mm,
regular and cylindrical, slightly tapering downwards, stuffed;
surface smooth, dry, white. Lamellae adnate, some forked
near stipe, some crisped, subdistant, more than 1 mm apart
halfway the radius, with abundant lamellulae in a regular shortlong-short pattern (3 –7 between two lamellae), cream to pale
horn, staining slowly raw sienna; edge concolorous and entire.
Context white, brown at the base and in the centre, rapidly
turning cinnamon when cut. Smell slightly foetid, like rotting
meat. Taste sweet, very slowly faint acrid. Latex white, staining brown. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, (7.3 –)
7.5 – 9.5 –11.4(–11.7) × 6 –7.2 – 8.4 µm (Q = 1.15–1.32 –1.49);
ornamentation amyloid, composed of isolated warts, up to
1 µm high; plage distinct and often weakly centrally to distally
amyloid. Basidia 52.5 – 62.5 –72.5 × 9.5 –12 –14(–14.5) µm,
subclavate, 4-spored. Pleurocystidia absent. Pseudocystidia
inconspicuous, 6.5– 8 µm wide, not emergent. Lamellar edge
fertile. Hymenophoral trama mixed, with sphaerocytes, hyphae
and abundant lactifers. Pileipellis a dense lamprotrichoderm;
terminal elements 22.5–70–117 × 2–3–4 µm, cylindrical, rarely
subcapitate, thick-walled, often refringent; subpellis composed
of thick-walled interwoven hyphae. Stipitipellis as pileipellis.
Distribution — So far only known from the type locality, the
North Bay woods on Guana Island. Occurring on sandy soil
under Coccoloba uvifera.
There is only one other Lactifluus species known from the
Greater Antilles or associated with Coccolobo uvifera. Lactarius coccolobae* closely resembles Lactifluus guanensis.
However, L. coccolobae has more narrow basidia (8 – 9.5 µm
wide), slightly shorter spores (7.2 – 9(–10.8) µm long), lower
spore ornamentation (up to 0.3 µm) and a gelatinised pileipellis
(Miller et al. 2000). On the other hand, Lactifluus guanensis is
easily distinguishable from Lactifluus species from the Lesser
Antilles, notably due to the often amyloid plage, the absence
of macrocystidia and the lamprotrichoderm structure of the
pileipellis consisting of thick-walled elements. Only L. caribaeus
also lacks macrocystidia and has a trichodermial pileipellis,
but differs by the distinctly smaller and more globose spores
(6.6 –7.6 – 8.5 × 5.8– 6.3 – 6.8 µm (Q = 1.06–1.20 –1.35)) with
inamyloid plage, and by the thin-walled terminal elements of
the pileipellis.
Typus. britiSh Virgin iSleS, Guana Island, North Bay woods, N18°28'42"
W64°34', 24 Oct. 1997, D.J. Lodge (holotype GUA-104 (CFMR), ITS sequence GenBank MK046851, MycoBank MB831225).
Notes — Lactifluus guanensis belongs to L. subg. Gymnocarpi, which is supported by molecular data (ITS phylogeny:
see Supplementary Fig. FP1018), as well as by morphological
characters, such as the absence of true pleurolamprocystidia
and a brownish colour reaction of the latex and/or the context
when exposed to air. Lactifluus guanensis is part of an unnamed
section (Clade 1; Clade 9 in De Crop et al. 2017), a section
which contains exclusively Neotropical species, mostly species
from the Antilles. Morphologically this species has similar characters to the other species in this section (e.g., L. murinipes,
L. nebulosus, L. putidus), such as dull basidiocarp colours,
brown staining of the latex and context, unpleasant smell and
spore ornamentation consisting of isolated warts.
Lactifluus guanensis: basidiospores; basidia; pileipellis terminal elements.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
* this species is yet to be recombined in Lactifluus.
Colour illustrations. Guana Island, British Virgin Isles. Basidiocarp of
Lactifluus guanensis (holotype GUA-104); pileipellis; basidia; basidiospores.
Scale bars = 10 µm.
Supplementary material
FP1018 Maximum Likelihood phylogeny based on ITS sequence data of
Lactifluus subg. Gymnocarpi.
Lynn Delgat & Annemieke Verbeken, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35,
Ghent, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
D. Jean Lodge, Department of Plant Pathology, 2105 Miller Plant Sciences Bldg., University of Georgia,
Athens, GA 30606, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
376
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Mollisia cortegadensis
377
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1019 – 18 December 2019
Mollisia cortegadensis De la Peña-Lastra & P. Alvarado, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to the place where it was found (Illa de
Cortegada, Parque Nacional Marítimo-Terrestre de las Islas Atlánticas,
Galicia, Spain).
Classification — Mollisiaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetes.
Apothecia gregarious, from 0.5 – 4 mm diam, first slightly concave and then flattened, irregularly disc-shaped, umbilicated or
depressed, sessile, centrally attached to the substrate. Hymenium smooth, wavy, gibbous, yellowish grey when fresh and
orange-ochre when dry, with the external and central parts dark
grey. Asci cylindrical-clavate 80 –120 × 12 –18 μm, 8-spored,
with a conical apex and a base gradually narrowed into a
medium-sized stalk with croziers, showing no reaction to IKI
(Lugol’s solution), and turning only slightly yellowish in KOH (no
ionomidotic reaction). Paraphyses distinctly dimorphic, either
cylindrical, inflated (molliform), or slightly broadened at the
apex, with refractive vacuolar bodies at the top. In addition, the
paraphyses extend beyond the asci. Ascospores elliptical with
rounded ends, measuring 15 –18 × 5.5 –7 μm, with 1– 2 small
(< 1 μm) guttules at the poles. Ectal excipulum consisting of a
brownish texture globose at the base, and globose elements
in the surface. The margin lacks conspicuous protruding cells.
The medullary tissue consists of gelatinized hyphae. Subicular
hyphae sparse, hyaline and thick-walled. All observations made
on fresh specimens.
Distribution — Currently known only from the type location
in north-western Spain.
Phylogeny — The analysis of ITS and 28S rDNA suggests
that the sample from Cortegada is related with the monophyletic
Vibrissea-Loramyces clade (Wang et al. 2006, Hustad & Miller
2011, Han et al. 2014) of the Mollisiaceae s.lat. According to the
family concepts proposed by Johnston et al. (2019), M. cortegadensis belongs to the clade of families Mollisiaceae, Loramycetaceae and Vibrisseaceae, which could be merged into the
oldest name Mollisiaceae.
8 –14 × 2.8– 3.5 µm, but those of M. cortegadensis can be as
long as 18 µm. In addition, M. cortegadensis is drought-tolerant
and growing in clusters in the apical part of small decorticated
branches of Quercus robur, while M. spectabilis grows on
rotten leaves of Q. robur or underneath rotten Quercus logs
(Kirschstein 1938). Other species similar to M. spectabilis such
as M. elegantior and M. olivascens can be found in the same
locality, but they have different spore dimensions and lack the
orange ochre tones when dry (Richter & Baral 2008, Le Gal &
Mangenot 1958). The putative phylogenetic relationship with
M. ligni and M. minutella is only supported by a few shared
ecological or morphological trait, since M. ligni has ascospores
6 –10 × 2 – 3 µm, cylindrical paraphyses with low refractive
vacuoles (Karsten 1873) and M. minutella, which is sometimes
considered a synonym of M. cinerea, has ascospores 7–14
× 2.5 – 3 µm and the apices of asci stain blue in IKI (Karsten
1871).
HME4375 Hydrocina chaetocladia
G.M. 2016-01-06.1 Mollisia caespiticia
1.00/99
CBS 132.51 Cadophora gregata
CBS 165.42 Cadophora malorum
1.00/99
CBS 141.41 Cadophora luteo-olivacea
PLOETTNERULACEAE
CBS 268.33 Cadophora melinii TYPE
CBS 401.78 Mollisia dextrinospora
1.00/96
CBS 312.61 Mollisia cinerella
G.M. 2014-06-15.1 Patellariopsis atrovinosa
CNF 2/10097 Pyrenopeziza velebitica
FMR 11236 Fuscosclera lignicola
1.00/99
BHI-F752a Phialocephala oblonga
(0.84/31)
CPC 24607 Cheirospora botryospora
CBS 109321 Acephala applanata
1.00/100
1.00/98
KUS F52181 Mollisia ventosa
CBS 258.91 Vibrissea truncorum
ILLS 60499 Vibrissea filisporia
1.00/98
KUS F52561 Vibrissea filisporia
1.00/78
MFLU 16-1862 Strossmayeria bakeriana
1.00/100
1.00/100
BHI-F627a Durella connivens
G.M. 2015-05-16 Durella connivens
Strossmayeria
clade
CBS 468.94 Phialocephala scopiformis
0.99/77
Typus. Spain, Galicia, Pontevedra, Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas de Galicia, Illa de Cortegada, N42°36'59.65" W8°46'59.22", 9.4 m asl,
a group of ascomata at the tip of a dead attached twig of Quercus robur,
27 Apr. 2016, S. De la Peña-Lastra (holotype MSS906, ITS and 28S/LSU
sequences GenBank MN129025 and MN129020, MycoBank MB831739).
VIBRISSEACEAE
MBH39316 Vibrissea flavovirens
1.00/100
CPC 13571 Trimmatostroma salicis
1.00/96
CBS 282.74 Trimmatostroma betulinum
OSC 100029 Mollisia cinerea
1.00/93
1.00/98
Notes — Mollisia cortegadensis is characterised by its two
types of paraphyses: slightly broadened at their tips and others
strongly swollen, but all of them have conspicuous refractive
vacuolar bodies that stain in cresyl blue. In addition, the fungus
is drought-tolerant suggested by the dry photo and the inamyloid
asci. Mollisia spectabilis has similar spore dimensions about
CBS 358.58 Septoria tanaceti
1.00/82
1.00/96 1.00/98
CBS 235.53 Loramyces macrosporus
CBS 293.52 Loramyces juncicola
1.00/100
MFLU 18-1819 Pulvinata tomentosa
CBS 553.79 Obtectodiscus aquaticus
MFLU 18-0701 Neomollisia gelatinosa
1.00/99
1.00/99
0.98/82
1.00/99
0.98/72
61R8 Acidomelania panicicola
CM16S1 Acidomelania panicicola
CBS 486.48 Mollisia fusca
CBS 589.84 Mollisia melaleuca
MOLLISIACEAE
53 OA-2013 Mollisia sp.
1.00/100
ZK71/08 Mollisia minutella
75 OA-2013 Mollisia sp.
ALV8039 Mollisia cortegadensis sp. nov.
TTT2390 Mollisia sp.
1.00/100
TTT2395 Mollisia sp.
1.00/100
MFLU 16-0599 Neopyrenopeziza nigripigmentata
G.M. 2017-09-04.3 Patellariopsis dennisii
KUS F52417 Pyrenopeziza sp.
Colour illustrations. Location where M. cortegadensis was collected on
Cortegada Island. Fresh apothecia; dry apothecia; elements of the hymenium; spores (two of them in IKI at the bottom); paraphyses, hymenium in
KOH; ascus in IKI (-); ascus in water, base of an ascus showing the crozier,
paraphyses; detail of paraphyses in cresyl blue, ectal excipulum; medullary
excipulum; medullary excipulum in KOH, medullary excipulum in NH4OH;
ascome margin; marginal cells; flanks. Scale bars = 50 μm (apothecia, ascus
in water and medullary excipulum in KOH), 20 μm (other structures).
1.00/100
0.02
0.99/82
BHI-F738a Mollisia ligni
BHI-F606a Mollisia ligni
50 % majority rule ITS-28S rDNA consensus phylogram of several lineages
in the Mollisioid clade (Johnston et al. 2019), including families Mollisiaceae,
Loramycetaceae and Vibrisseaceae obtained in MrBayes from 1 650 sampled trees. Nodes were annotated if supported by ≥ 0.95 Bayesian PP (left)
or ≥ 70 % ML BP (right). Non-significant support values are exceptionally
represented inside parentheses.
Saúl De la Peña-Lastra, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,
15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, 39012 Santander, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
378
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis
379
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1020 – 18 December 2019
Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis Tasan., Thanakitp. & Luangsa-ard, sp. nov.
Notes — Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis produces ascomata on the terminal part of the stroma. Their hosts are cicada
nymphs that can be found buried in soil. This species was
only found in Khon Kaen Field Crops Research Center, Khon
Kaen Province during the rainy season. It is nested in a clade
together with O. longissima and O. sobolifera (Sung et al. 2007).
It shares similarity with O. longissima in the colour of the fertile
part. However, in O. longissima and also in O. sobolifera, the
shape of the fertile part is clavate with a pointed end. Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis produces broadly ellipsoidal fertile
heads and ovoid perithecia but in O. sobolifera the fertile head
is cream, not red, and the perithecia are stouter (500 – 600 ×
220–260) compared to O. khonkaenensis. It shares similarities
with O. heteropoda in the ovoid shape of the fertile area (Sung
et al. 2007). However, it differs in the colour of the fertile head,
which is mustard yellow to dark brown in O. heteropoda, and the
perithecia are ampullaceous, completely immersed, 610 – 660
µm long, around 210 µm wide.
Etymology. Named after the location where the species was collected,
Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.
Classification — Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes.
Stromata variable in number, solitary to three, 20–30 mm tall and
2–3 mm wide. Rhizoids flexuous, c. 2 cm long, arising from the
head of cicada nymphs living underground. Fertile part distinctly
terminal, globose, pinkish red, sterile stroma beneath the fertile
part cylindrical, pale pink. Ascomata perithecial, completely immersed, ovoid, (590–)615–675(–700) × (200–)216–263(–300)
µm. Asci cylindrical, (237.5–)252–326(–337.5) × 5–5.8(–6) µm
with cap, 5 × 5 µm. Ascospores filiform, (300–)314–353(–360) ×
1.5–2 µm readily breaking into 32 part-spores, (7–)9–11.5(–13)
× 1.5–2 µm.
Culture characteristics — Colonies developed from germinating ascospores. The ascospores germinated within 24 h on
potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies relatively slow-growing,
attaining a diameter of 5 mm in 30 d at 25 °C, dark brown with
cream edges. Colonies produce brown synnemata after 1 mo
with a pruinose area bearing conidiogenous cells and conidia.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hirsutella-like, (5.5 –) 6.4 – 8.6
(–11) × 2 – 2.7(– 3) µm. Conidia hyaline, fusiform, smoothwalled, (3 –)3.7– 4.9(– 5.5) × (1–)1.5 – 2.3(– 3) µm.
KEW 78842
80/99
Typus. thailand, Khon Kaen Province, Khon Kaen Field Crop Research
Center, 16.484'N 102.831'E, on Hemiptera (cicada nymph) underground,
27 May 2016, W. Noisripoom, S. Wongkanoun & A. Klaysuban (holotype
BBH45360, culture ex-type BCC81462, SSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences GenBank MK632126, MK632075, MK632168 and MK632157,
MycoBank MB830259).
Additional materials examined. thailand, Khon Kaen Province, Khon Kaen
Field Crop Research Center, 16.484'N 102.831'E, on Hemiptera (cicada
nymph) underground, 27 May 2016, W. Noisripoom, S. Wongkanoun & A.
Klaysuban, BCC81463, SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences GenBank MK632127, MK632102, MK632076, MK632169 and MK632158; ibid.,
BCC81464, SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1and RPB2 sequences GenBank MK632128,
MK632103, MK632077, MK632170 and MK632159.
Ophiocordyceps sobolifera
NBRC 106967
EFCC 6814
NBRC 106965
Ophiocordyceps longissima
BCC81463
BCC81464
56/-
Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis
BCC81462
EFCC 10125
60/-
NBRC 100643
50/52 NBRC 100945
99/100
SU-15
NBRC 106958
BCC49286
BCC49261
BCC 18108
BCC 1881
SU-65
EFCC 5566
TNS F-18481
Ophiocordyceps heteropoda
Tolypocladium paradoxum
Tolypocladium inegoense
Purpureocillium takamizusanensis
Polycephalomyces nipponicus
Polycephalomyces ramosopulvinata
Polycephalomyces prolificus
TNS F-18547
BCC30934
Metarhizium takense
BCC30939
50 changes
Colour illustrations. Type locality – a small plot in Khon Kaen Field Crop
Research Center. Fungus on cicada nymph producing three stromata; ovoid
perithecia; asci; ascospore; part-spores; obverse and reverse of colonies
on PDA; hirsutella-like asexual morph on PDA. Scale bars = 10 mm (plate
culture), 7 mm (stromata), 110 µm (perithecia), 30 µm (asci and ascospore),
10 µm (part-spores), 8 µm (hirsutella-like asexual morph on PDA).
Phylogenetic reconstruction using the Maximum Parsimony (MP) and
Maxi-mum Likelihood (ML) (RAxML v. 8.2.10, Stamatakis 2006) multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal small and large
subunits (SSU and LSU), the largest and second largest subunits of RNA
polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) and elongation factor 1-α (TEF) revealed
that Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis is closely related to O. sobolifera and
O. longissima. Molecular data of these specimens formed a separate clade
from other species of Ophiocordyceps with full bootstrap support (100 %),
thus a new species Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis is introduced.
Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard, Kanoksri Tasanathai & Donnaya Thanakitpipattana, Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team,
Bioscience and Biotechnology for Agriculture, BIOTEC, 113 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
380
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Penicillium cuddlyae
381
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1021 – 18 December 2019
Penicillium cuddlyae Visagie & I.H. Rong, sp. nov.
(6A7), brownish orange (5C3), pale yellow (3A3). On dichloran 18 % glycerol agar (DG18): Colonies low, radially sulcate,
raised centrally; margins low, narrow (1 mm), entire; mycelia
white; texture floccose; sporulation sparse to moderately dense,
conidia en masse greenish white (25A2); soluble pigments
absent; exudates absent; reverse light orange (5A5), light yellow (3A5). On creatine sucrose agar (CREA): Colonies weak
growth, no acid production. Colony diam (in mm): CYA 24 – 26;
CYA 30 °C 31– 33; CYA 37 °C 19 – 21; CYA with 5 % NaCl
19 – 20; MEAbl 21– 23; DG18 24 – 25; YES 30 – 32; oatmeal
agar 28 – 30; CREA 12 –14.
Etymology. Latin, cuddlyae, named after Cuddly the Dachshund; this
species was isolated from her dog food.
Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
Conidiophores monoverticillate; stipes smooth-walled, 20 – 45
× 2 – 3 μm; vesicle 5 – 6 μm wide; phialides ampulliform, 10 – 20
per vesicle, 8 –10 × 2 – 3 μm (9 ± 0.7 × 2.6 ± 0.2); conidia
smooth-walled, ellipsoid, often almost appearing cylindrical,
2 – 3 × 2.5 – 2 μm (2.5 ± 0.2 × 1.8 ± 0.2), average length/width
= 0.73, n = 54.
Culture characteristics (25 °C, 7 d) — On Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA): Colonies low, radially and concentrically sulcate, raised centrally; margins low, narrow (1 mm),
entire; mycelia white to inconspicuously yellow to orange;
texture floccose; sporulation very sparse, conidia en masse
not determined; soluble pigments absent; exudates clear to
orange; reverse orange to reddish orange (6A7–7A7; colour
code based on Kornerup & Wanscher (1967)), orange (5A6),
pale yellow (2A3). On malt extract agar (MEA): Colonies
low, plain, raised centrally; margins low, wide (3 mm), entire;
mycelia white; texture velutinous and floccose; sporulation
sparse to moderately dense, conidia en masse greyish green
(25B3 – 26B3); soluble pigments absent; exudates absent;
reverse greyish orange (5B6), greyish green (30B4 – C4), yellowish white (2A2). On yeast extract sucrose agar (YES):
Colonies moderately deep, radially and concentrically sulcate,
sunken centrally; margins low, wide (2 – 3 mm), entire; mycelia white, inconspicuously yellow at centre; texture floccose;
sporulation sparse, conidia en masse greenish white (25A2);
soluble pigments absent; exudates absent; reverse orange
x4
87
x4
x4
97
90
90
x4
0.05
Notes — A BLAST search against an ex-type reference sequence dataset placed the new species in Penicillium sect.
Charlesia (Visagie et al. 2014). A multigene phylogeny based
on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 resolves Penicillium cuddlyae as
sister to P. chermesinum, P. indicum and the recently described
P. lunae (Crous et al. 2019a). All four genes distinguish these
species. Morphologically, P. lunae is the only of the three that
can grow on CYA at 37 °C. Compared to P. chermesinum and
P. indicum, the new species generally shows more restricted
growth (especially on CYA) (Pitt 1980, Peterson et al. 2005).
Microscopically they are very similar except for P. cuddlyae and
P. lunae producing longer phialides (up to 10 μm vs 7–8 μm) (Pitt
1980). Penicillium cuddlyae produces ellipsoid conidia compared
to the subglobose to broadly ellipsoid conidia of P. lunae.
P. charlesii CBS304.48T AF033400 JX091508 AY741727 JN121486
P. fellutanum CBS229.81T AF033399 KJ834450 AY741753 JN121460
P. coffeae CBS119387T AY742702 KJ834443 AY741747 JN121436
100
x2
P. phoeniceum CBS249.32T KC411711 KJ834483 AY741729 JN406597
100 P. chermesinum PPRI12507 MK450679 MK451202 MK451596 MK450829
100
P. chermesinum CBS231.81T AY742693 KJ834441 AY741728 JN406581
P. cuddlyae PPRI26355T MK951942 MK951835 MK951908 MN418450
T
100 P. indicum CBS115.63 AY742699 EU427263 AY741744 JN406640
99
P. indicum CBS179.81 EU427291 EU427264 EU427283 EU427257
P. lunae PPRI25881T MK450725 MK451088 MK451660 MK450863
P. costaricense DAOMC250520T KT887873 KT887834 KT887795
P. cinnamopurpureum CBS429.65T EF626950 EF626948 EF626949 JN406533
100
P. parvulum CBS132825T EF422845 EF506218 EF506225
P. gravinicasei NRRL66733T MG600580 MG600565 MG600570 MG600575
P. idahoense CBS341.68T KC411747 EF626953 EF626954 JN121499
100
P. infrapurpureum CBS138219T KJ775679 KJ775172 KJ775406
100
P. salmoniflumine NRRL35837T KF932960 KF932928 KF932945 KF932999
P. malacaense CBS160.81T EU427300 EU427268 KJ866997 JN406626
P. nodulum CBS227.89T KC411703 KJ834475 KJ867003 JN406603
P. pusillum CBS312.63T EF626951 KF932925 KF932941 KF932995
P. alfredii CBS138224T KJ775684 KJ775177 KJ775411 KJ834520
x2
80
Typus. South africa, Gauteng Province, Pretoria, from dog food, Feb.
2019, coll. I. Rong, isol. C.M. Visagie (holotype PREM 623302, cultures extype PPRI 26355 = CMV016A6, LSU, ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences
GenBank MN388754, MK951942, MK951835, MK951908 and MN418450,
MycoBank MB832433).
Colour illustrations. Dog food pellets. Colonies on CYA and MEA; colony
texture on MEA; conidiophores; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
100
Combined phylogeny of representative Penicillium species from sections
Charlesia and Cinnamopurpurea based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2.
Aligned datasets were analysed in IQ-tree v. 1.6.8. Bootstrap support values
(≥ 80 %) are given above branches. The new species is indicated by bold text,
T
= ex-type strain. GenBank accession numbers are given in a smaller font
after the culture accession number (ITS = green, BenA = blue, CaM = red,
RPB2 = purple). The tree is rooted to P. alfredii.
Cobus M. Visagie, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, Pretoria; and Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection,
P. Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Isabel H. Rong, Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134,
Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
382
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Penicillium reconvexovelosoi
383
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1022 – 18 December 2019
Penicillium reconvexovelosoi J.P. Andrade, C.N. Figueiredo, H.G. Souza,
J.T. De Souza & P.A.S. Marbach, sp. nov.
Etymology. reconvexovelosoi, named in honour of the artist Caetano
Veloso, an icon of Brazilian culture in the struggle for freedom of expression
mainly during the military dictatorship.
Classification — Aspergillaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
Conidiophores monoverticillate. Stipes smooth to finely rough
walled, 27–172 × 1.5 – 3.0 μm, sometimes vesicilate, 2–5 ×
3 – 6 μm. Phialides ampulliform, 7–11 × 2 – 3 μm. Conidia finely
roughened, ellipsoidal to subglobose, 2–2.5 × 2–3 μm. Mycelial
coilings sometimes observed.
Culture characteristics — Colony diam (7 d, in mm): Czapek
Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA) 28 – 29; CYA 30 °C 15 –18; CYA
37 °C no growth; MEAbl 26 – 27; Yeast extract sucrose agar
(YES) 21– 23; Dichloran 18 % Glycerol agar (DG18) 27– 29;
Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar with 5 % NaCl (CYAS) 22 – 25;
Oatmeal agar (OA) 28 – 30; Czapek’s agar (CZ) 25 – 27; Creatine sucrose agar (CREA) 12 –15, weak acid production.CYA,
25 °C: Colonies deep, concentrically sulcate, crateriform; margins low, wide, entire; mycelia white; texture floccose; sporulation moderate, conidia en masse white to light grey (1A1– D1)
(Kornerup & Wanscher 1978); exudate light yellow, soluble
pigment light brown; reverse greyish yellow to light orange
(4B4 – 6A4) at centre and light orange (5A5) at margin. MEAbl,
25 °C: Colonies low, slightly raised in the centre, margins low,
narrow, entire; mycelia white; texture floccose; sporulation moderate; conidia en masse white to olive grey (1A1– E2); exudate
absent, soluble pigment golden yellow; reverse greyish yellow
(3B5). YES, 25 °C: Colonies deep, radially and concentrically
sulcate, crateriform, margins low, narrow, entire; mycelia white;
texture floccose; sporulation sparse; conidia en masse white to
light grey (1A1 – D1); exudate absent, soluble pigment golden
yellow; reverse greyish orange (5B4) light yellow (4A5) at margin. DG18, 25 °C: Colonies low, raised in the centre, margins
low, narrow, entire; mycelia white; texture floccose; sporulation
moderate; conidia en masse grey (3B1– C1); exudate absent,
soluble pigment brilliant yellow; reverse greyish yellow (3B5).
CYAS, 25 °C: Colonies radially and concentrically sulcate,
crateriform, margins low, narrow, entire; mycelia white; texture
floccose; sporulation sparse, conidia en masse yellowish white
to grey (1A2–C1); exudate absent, soluble pigment light brown;
reverse greyish yellow to reddish orange (4B6 –7A8) at centre
light orange (5A5) at margin. OA, 25 °C: Colonies low, plane;
margins low, narrow, entire; mycelia white; texture velutinous;
sporulation dense; pale yellow sclerotia present; conidia en
Colour illustrations. Leaf litter at Guaibim environmental protection area
located in Bahia, Brazil. Seven-day-old colonies growing at 25 °C, top row
left to right, obverse CYA, MEAbl, YES and OA; bottom row left to right,
reverse CYA, MEAbl, YES and obverse CREA, conidiophores, conidia and
coiling of mycelia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
masse olive grey (2D2); exudate clear, soluble pigment golden
yellow. CZ, 25 °C: Colonies low, plane; margins low, wide,
entire; mycelia white; texture floccose; sporulation sparse,
conidia en masse pale grey (1B1); exudate absent, soluble
pigment light brown; reverse pale orange (6A3) at centre and
light brown (6D6) at margin.
Typus. braZil, Bahia, in leaf litter from the Guaibim sandbank, S13°18'
W38°57', 20 Aug. 2012, V. de J. Nunes (holotype HURB 18575 (dried culture on MEA); culture ex-type CCDCA 11500 = 45, LSU, BenA and CaM
sequences GenBank MN497417, MN497418 and MN503515, MycoBank
MB 832747).
Notes — Penicillium reconvexovelosoi is phylogenetically
related to P. mellis (Barbosa et al. 2018), both included in the
section Sclerotiora. Penicillium mellis grows faster than P. reconvexovelosoi on CYA 30 °C (33 – 35 mm) and YES (34 – 36)
and grows slower on OA (24 –25), DG18 (24 – 25) and CREA
(10 –11). Penicillium reconvexovelosoi does not grow on
CYA 37 °C, but P. mellis grows (2 – 4 mm). Penicillium reconvexovelosoi may produce a soluble light brown pigment on
CYA and weak acid production on CREA, but P. mellis does not
produce soluble pigments in CYA and neither acid on CREA.
Penicillium reconvexovelosoi has longer stipes than P. mellis
(25 – 40 × 2 – 3.5 μm) and produces mycelial coils, but these
structures were not reported for P. mellis. All macroscopic and
microscopic measurements were done twice, independently,
for isolate CCDCA 11500.
Maximum likelihood tree obtained by phylogenetic analysis of the combined
BenA and CaM sequences from Penicillium reconvexovelosoi and phylogenetically related species in section Sclerotiora performed in MEGA v. 6.06
software employing K2+G+I model with 1 000 bootstrap re-samplings. Bootstrap support values (BS > 80 %) are presented at the nodes. Penicillium
levitum NRRL 705T was used as outgroup. The new species is presented
in bold font (T = ex-type). GenBank accession numbers are given between
square brackets (CaM = green, BenA = blue).
Jackeline Pereira Andrade, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil;
Faculdades Integradas de Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]
Phellippe Arthur Santos Marbach, Cristiane Nascimento Figueiredo & Harrison Guimarães Souza, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia,
Bahia, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Jorge Teodoro De Souza, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
384
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pluteus liliputianus
385
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1023 – 18 December 2019
Pluteus liliputianus E.F. Malysheva & Malysheva, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet reflects very small, diminutive size of basidiocarps.
Classification — Pluteaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiocarp tiny. Pileus 9 mm diam, infundibular with concave
centre; margin serrated, not striated, slightly undulating; not
hygrophanous; surface squamulose, covered with small erect
dark brown squamules, densely located at centre and scarce
towards margin with white context exhibited between them, and
the pattern of the squamules arrangement gives the impression
of mottle. Lamellae free, fairly distant, ventricose, white becoming pink, with serrulated, concolorous edges. Stipe 10 × 1–1.5
mm, cylindrical, somewhat broadening towards base, but without basal bulb, whitish or with light ochraceous shades, slightly
pruinose. Context in pileus and stipe white. Smell and taste
not distinctive. Basidiospores 5.3 – 6.2 × 5 – 5.8 µm (Lav = 5.7,
Wav = 5.3), Q = 1.00 –1.16, Q* = 1.08, globose to subglobose;
thick-walled; hyaline in KOH, with one large or numerous small
guttules. Basidia 19 – 33 × 7.5 – 8.5 µm, 4-spored, broadly
clavate with a medial constriction at maturity. Cheilocystidia
rather numerous to abundant, forming sterile layer at the lamella
edge, 36– 83 × 9 –15 µm, mainly clavate or narrowly utriform,
rare almost cylindrical, pedicellate (with short to long pedicels),
most of them with slimy apical caps or apical drops; slightly thickwalled; hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis, made
up of ascending bundles of narrowly fusiform or cylindrical thickwalled elements, with intracellular brown pigment, 70 –170 ×
10–14 µm. Stipitipellis a cutis, made up of long, cylindrical, hyaline hyphae, 4 –10 µm wide. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections absent in all parts examined.
Habitat & Distribution — Solitary, on fallen branch of deciduous tree, in mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest. So far known
only from type locality.
Notes — Pluteus liliputianus is characterised by tiny basidiocarps, squamulose dark brown pileus with a peculiar
arrangement pattern of squamules, pileipellis organised as a
trichoderm with long fusiform terminal elements, absence of
pleuro- and caulocystidia, and globose or subglobose basidiospores. Based on its pileipellis structure P. liliputianus is placed
in sect. Celluloderma.
This new species resembles P. hispidulus, P. exiguus, P. karstedtiae, P. hispidulopsis and P. spurius by its macroscopic
features but can be distinguished from them due to microscopic
characters.
Pluteus liliputianus can be distinguished from the first three
species listed mainly by the cheilocystidia shape, as well as
shape and size of basidiospores (Vellinga 1990). It differs
from P. karstedtiae by having a smaller basidiocarp, differently
coloured pileus with more distinct squamation and non-striate
margin, larger cheilocystidia, and the pileipellis structure
(Menolli et al. 2015). Pluteus hispidulopsis is distinguished
by the structure of its pileus surface and colouration, smaller
basidiospores (5– 5.5 × 4.5– 5.5 µm), the presence of pleurocystidia and the pileipellis organised as a cutis (Menolli et al.
2015). Pluteus spurius, another species distributed in the same
territory and described herein, is characterised by larger basidiocarps, differently shaped cheilocystidia, pileipellis a cutis, and
the presence of caulocystidia.
In the phylogenetic analyses, the sequence of P. liliputianus
forms an individual branch which is placed close to the group
of P. hispidulus.
Typus. ruSSia, Primorye Territory, Land of the Leopard National Park, watershed of Ananievka and Gryaznaya rivers, mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest
(with Abies holophylla, Quercus mongolica, Carpinus cordata, Tilia mandshurica and Acer spp.), on fallen branch of deciduous tree, 2 Sept. 2011,
V. Malysheva (holotype LE 312868, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank
MK982288 and MK982304, MycoBank MB831298).
Colour illustrations. Russia, Land of the Leopard National Park, mixed
coniferous-broadleaf forest. Basidiocarp; basidiospores; pileipellis; cheilocystidia; basidia (all from holotype). Scale bars = 5 mm (basidiocarp), 10 µm
(microscopic structures).
Best tree from the ML analysis of the nrITS dataset for Pluteus hispidulus and
allied taxa with P. thomsonii as outgroup, generated on RAxML server v. 0.9.0.
Bootstrap support values and Posterior probability (BS/PP) are given above
the branches. All tips are labelled with taxon name and GenBank accession
number. The newly generated sequences are in bold.
Ekaterina Malysheva & Vera Malysheva, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
386
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pluteus spurius
387
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1024 – 18 December 2019
Pluteus spurius E.F. Malysheva & Malysheva, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the similarity of the newly described species
with a group of closely related taxa and the possibility of confusion when
definition is based only on macroscopic features.
Classification — Pluteaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiocarp small. Pileus 10 –18 mm diam, at first hemispherical, later applanate and becoming concave, without umbo;
margin even, not striated, slightly undulating; not hygrophanous; surface fibrillose-squamulose, covered with small greyish
brown or ash brown squamules, densely located at centre, and
adpressed fibrils becoming sparse towards margin with white
context exhibited between them. Lamellae free, fairly distant,
ventricose, white becoming pink, with serrulated, concolorous
edges. Stipe 15‒25 × 1‒2.5 mm, cylindrical, somewhat broadening towards base, but without basal bulb, whitish or with
light ochraceous shades, slightly pruinose and longitudinally
fibrillose. Context in pileus and stipe white. Smell and taste
not distinctive. Basidiospores (5.2 –)5.5 – 6.5(–7) × (4.8 –)5–
5.6(– 6.4) µm (Lav = 5.9, Wav = 5.3), Q = 1.00 –1.22, Q* = 1.10,
globose to subglobose; thick-walled; hyaline in KOH, with one
large or numerous small guttules. Basidia 20 – 35 × 7– 8.5 µm,
4-spored, broadly clavate with a medial constriction at maturity.
Cheilocystidia rather numerous to abundant, forming sterile
layer at the lamella edge, 30 ‒ 54 × 9.5 ‒15(–17) µm, mainly
lageniform, inflated-lageniform or fusiform, rarely utriform or
clavate, with short pedicels and often with subglobose apex;
thin-walled; hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis,
made up of slightly thick-walled hyphae, 10 –12 µm wide, with
intracellular brown pigment; transforming into a trichoderm at
centre of pileus, with bundles of fusiform, usually septate, terminal elements more than 100 µm long and 12 ‒ 22 µm wide.
Stipitipellis a cutis, made up of long, cylindrical, hyaline hyphae,
4–8 µm wide. Caulocystidia present in all parts of stipe, scarce,
in bundles, cylindrical or fusiform, 50 ‒120 × 8 ‒10(–14) µm;
thin- or slightly thick-walled; hyaline. Clamp connections absent
in all parts examined.
Habitat & Distribution — Solitary, on decaying deciduous
wood or soil, in floodplain broadleaf or mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests. Known from two localities in the Russian Far East.
Typus. ruSSia, Primorye Territory, Kedrovaya Pad’ Biosphere Nature Reserve, floodplain of Kedrovaya River, broadleaf forest, on decaying wood of
deciduous tree, 4 Sept. 2011, V. Malysheva (holotype LE 312866; ITS and
LSU sequences GenBank MK982290 and MK982303, MycoBank MB831299).
Additional material examined. ruSSia, Primorye Territory, vicinities of Vladivostok, Ocean Ridge, mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest (Abies holophylla,
Pinus koraiensis, Juglans mandshurica, Acer spp.), on soil, 9 Sept. 2013,
E. Malysheva (LE 312869, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MK982289
and MK982302).
Notes — Pluteus spurius is characterised by small-sized
basidiocarps, with greyish brown coloured and fibrillose-squamulose pileus, serrulated edges of lamellae, pileipellis as a cutis
with long fusiform terminal elements, absence of pleurocystidia,
numerous caulocystidia, and globose or subglobose basidiospores. Based on its pileipellis structure P. spurius is placed in
sect. Celluloderma.
Pluteus spurius is morphologically close to P. hispidulus var.
hispidulus, P. hispidulus var. cephalocystis, P. exiguus, P. karstedtiae and P. hispidulopsis in terms of basidiocarp size, squamulose pileus of similar colouration, and pileipellis structure,
but can be distinguished from them due to other microscopic
features (for detailed discussion: see Additional data below).
The molecular data (generated nrITS sequences) confirmed
the morphological differences between all species discussed
and supported the recognition of Pluteus spurius as a separate
taxon (see phylogenetic tree on the page with Pluteus liliputianus description = FP1023).
Additional data
Colour illustrations. Russia, Kedrovaya Pad’ Biosphere Nature Reserve.
Basidiocarp; basidiospores; pileipellis; cheilocystidia; basidia (all from holotype). Scale bars = 5 mm (basidiocarp), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
Pluteus spurius can be distinguished from P. hispidulus var. hispidulus by the
cheilocystidia shape, slightly smaller (vs (5.2 –) 6 – 8(– 8.5) × (4 –)5 – 6 µm),
globose or subglobose basidiospores and the presence of caulocystidia
(Vellinga 1990).
Pluteus hispidulus var. cephalocystis differs by ellipsoid basidiospores
(Vellinga 1990) and the absence of caulocystidia (Malysheva et al. 2016).
Pluteus exiguus differs in the shape of cheilocystidia, ellipsoid or slightly
amygdaliform basidiospores, and pileipellis organized as a trichoderm
(Vellinga 1990).
Pluteus karstedtiae is distinguished by sulcate-striate margin of pileus, rare
cheilocystidia of slightly different shape, and the absence of caulocystidia (Menolli et al. 2015). In the phylogenetic analyses, the sequences
of P. karstedtiae, including one from the holotype, form a sister clade to
Pluteus spurius.
Pluteus hispidulopsis differs in the fringed margin of pileus, smaller basidiospores (5 – 5.5 × 4.5 – 5.5 µm), the presence of pleurocystidia, differently
shaped cheilocystidia and the absence of caulocystidia (Menolli et al. 2015).
Ekaterina Malysheva & Vera Malysheva, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
388
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Psathyrella ovispora
389
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1025 – 18 December 2019
Psathyrella ovispora D. Deschuyteneer, Heykoop & G. Moreno, sp. nov.
Etymology. Name reflects the unusual morphology of its spores.
Classification — Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
Cap 9 – 23 mm broad and 6 –13 mm high, convex to conical
convex, flattened convex at maturity, with umbo, ochre-brown,
hygrophanous, striate when moist, first drying at the margin
that adopts a beige straw colour, leaving the central area with
a darker ochre colour, finally light beige ochre colour. Veil
fugacious, consisting of white appressed fibrils at margin of
pileus, connecting the upper part of stipe, soon evanescent,
leaving remnants on the edge of some gills near the stipe.
Gills subventricose, adnate, more or less dark blackish greyish
coloured, with white edge, but coloured brown in its half near
the margin of the cap; lamellulae present. Stem 30–50 × 1.5–3
mm, cylindrical, slightly widened at the base, white to whitish,
some with pale creamy ochre tones especially in the lower two
thirds. Odour not distinctive. Spores (9.6 –)10.3 –12.3(–13.3)
× (5.9 –)6.3 –7.8(– 8.1) µm, av. 10.9 –11.6 × 6.7–7.1; Qav 1.6,
ellipsoid and ovoid in frontal view and even a little rounded,
asymmetric and amygdaliform in side-view, smooth, germ pore
distinct, central, 1–1.5 µm, hilar appendix very tiny, base sometimes truncate giving a subtriangular look in frontal view, dark
brown, not opaque, very granular, containing most often one
large oil drop. Basidia 4-spored, rarely 2-spored, (21.9–)23.4–
29.4(– 31) × (10.2 –)11.6 –13.5(–15.1) µm, av. 26.5 × 12.6
µm, clavate, hyaline with intracellular content. Pleurocystidia
(39.5–)43.7–66.7(–77.3) × (9.5–)10.4–17.4(–19.4) µm, numerous, mostly lageniform with a long neck, some of them shorter
(sub)utriform, ventricose or clavate, apex obtuse, very rarely
forked, most often widely pedicellate, always thin-walled, hyaline, some of them covered with mucoid droplets or granular deposits which gradually disappear in exsiccate. The importance
of these deposits will have to be reassessed after examination
of new fresh specimens. Cheilocystidia (23.6–)30.6–43(–55) ×
(8.2–)9.3–12.4(–14.1) µm, very numerous and densely packed,
hyaline, sublageniform, ventricose, clavate, subutriform, often
polymorphic, always thin-walled, apex obtuse, sometimes
subcapitate, rarely forked. At the half of the lamella-edge close
to the cap margin thin-walled cheilocystidia become scattered,
fewer in number, intermixed with many clavate marginal cells (=
paracystidia), some of them thick-walled and brown coloured.
Veil fibrillose, consisting of elongated and septate hyaline hyphae with inflated endings. Clamp connections present.
Habitat & Distribution — Gregarious on nitrified calcareous
loamy soil among grasses under Conium maculatum, Foeniculum vulgare with Urtica urens. So far only known from Spain
and Hungary.
Typus. Spain, Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, El Gurugú, on nitrified calcareous loamy soil, among grass with Conium maculatum and Urtica urens,
2 Dec. 2016, G. Moreno & M. Heykoop (holotype AH 33724, ITS and LSU
sequences GenBank MF966497 and MN190260, MycoBank MB832058).
Notes — Psathyrella ovispora is characterised by the unusual if not unique appearance of its spores which vary from
ellipsoid to ovoid, with base sometimes truncate giving a subtriangular look in frontal view, asymmetric and amygdaliform
in side-view, containing most often one large oil drop. Other
characters are the small to medium sized basidiomata and its
gregarious fruiting on calcareous nitrified soils.
Psathyrella ovispora was erroneously identified by us as
P. fusca (Heykoop et al. 2017). A morphological re-evaluation
of our material, comparing it with abundant samples of P. tephrophylla (= P. fusca), has showed that it corresponds to a
new species. Moreover, our former cladogram (Heykoop et al.
2017), due to poor sampling, showed a unique P. fusca clade.
However, new sequences of P. tephrophylla generated a cladogram (see Supplementary Fig. FP1025-2) in which two very
distinct clades can be differentiated, i.e., P. tephrophylla clade
A corresponding to P. tephrophylla s.str., and P. tephrophylla
clade B corresponding to P. ovispora. The material included
by Nagy et al. (2011) in their study as P. fusca is conspecific
with P. ovispora.
The commonly used name Psathyrella fusca (Schumach.)
A. Pearson is illegitimate, and must be rejected, since its basionym Agaricus fuscus Schumach. 1803 is a later homonym of
A. fuscus Schaeff. 1774, A. fuscus Batsch 1783 and many others.
Therefore, the correct name for Psathyrella fusca s.str. is P. tephrophylla. This nomenclatural problem will be discussed by
one of us (Deschuyteneer) in a future paper.
Psathyrella ovispora shares with P. tephrophylla similar cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia. However, it differs from the latter
by its very different spores, the much smaller basidiomata, by
fruiting in a different habitat and by being genetically different.
Due to its very wide spores P. ovispora keys out (key B) as
P. magnispora in Örstadius et al. (2015). Psathyrella ovispora,
however, differs from P. magnispora by its slightly larger basidiomata, the differently shaped spores and cystidia. Besides,
P. magnispora is completely different genetically and constitutes the very distinct and monospecific magnispora clade,
whereas P. ovispora belongs to the pygmaea clade (Örstadius
et al. 2015)
Supplementary material
FP1025-1 Additional specimens examined.
Colour illustrations. Spain, Alcalá de Henares, El Gurugú, nitrified calcareous loamy grasslands with Conium maculatum where the holotype was collected. Basidiomata; pleurocystidia; spores under LM; smooth spores under
SEM (from the holotype). Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (pleurocystidia and spores under LM), 2 µm (spores under SEM).
FP1025-2 50 % majority rule ITS-28S rDNA consensus phylogram of the
/pygmaea clade of Psathyrella (as delimited in Örstadius et al. 2015), with
P. magnispora as outgroup. It was obtained in MrBayes from 3 900 sampled
trees. Values next to nodes represent Bayesian PP and Maximum Likelihood
BP. Only nodes supported by > 0.95 PP or > 70 % BP were annotated. Several clades around P. pygmaea were condensed (black triangle), and the
rooting branch was reduced for publishing. Bold names represent samples
sequenced in the present work.
Daniel Deschuyteneer, Spreeuwenhoek 12, 1820 Steenokkerzeel, Belgium; e-mail: [email protected]
Michel Heykoop & Gabriel Moreno, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica), Universidad de Alcalá,
E–28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail:, [email protected] & [email protected]
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, 39012 Santander, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
390
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Psathyrella pivae
391
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1026 – 18 December 2019
Psathyrella pivae Heykoop, G. Moreno & M. Mata, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named for Dr Alfio Piva, former Director of the INBio and ex
vice-president of the Republic of Costa Rica, recognising his contribution to
the conservation of biodiversity.
Notes — Psathyrella pivae is characterised by its fibrillose
ring, abundant and very long thick-walled pleurocystidia and
by growing caespitose on woody debris.
Classification — Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes.
In our ITS phylogeny (see below) Psathyrella pivae belongs
to the pygmaea clade (Örstadius et al. 2015) in which it is
significantly related to P. olympiana. Within this monophyletic
assemblage P. pivae forms a subclade together with P. pygmaea, P. cloverae and P. olympiana, all of them sharing the
presence of more or less thick-walled pleuro- and cheilocystidia,
apically covered with a crown of crystals and/or crystalline
granular material. This clade has been included by Kits van
Waveren (1985) in sect. Spadiceae. However, according to
Larsson & Örstadius (2008), Vasutová et al. (2008), Nagy et al.
(2013) and Örstadius et al. (2015), sect. Spadiceae turned out
to be a polyphyletic taxon including species from two different
genera, viz. Psathyrella and Homophron, since the presence
of muricate pleurocystidia evolved independently at least in
three different clades.
Cap 30 – 35 mm broad, applanate to slightly convex, surface
fibrillose with appressed fibrils, coffee milky brown coloured.
Margin deflexed, hygrophanous, striate when moist. Context
of pileus 1 mm thick, 2 mm at centre, concolorous to surface.
Veil forming a fibrillose annulus in the upper half of the stipe.
Gills up to 5 mm broad, (sub)ventricose, adnate, smooth, coffee brown coloured, lamella-edge white; lamellulae present.
Stem 50 – 55 × 4 mm, cylindrical, central, equal, some of them
curved, hollow, fibrillose, yellow coffee coloured in the upper
part, whitish in the lower part, with some dark brown fibrils at
the apex and equipped with a fibrillose ring. Odour and taste
not recorded. Spores (8.5 –)9.5 –11 × 5 – 6 µm, av. 9.9 × 5.5
(one collection); Qav 1.79, ellipsoid to phaseoliform, smooth,
with small apical germ pore (difficult to see), in NH4OH (10 %)
pale brown to orange brown. Basidia 4-spored, 22 – 30 × 9 µm,
clavate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia 68 – 90(–100) × 15 – 27 µm,
numerous, lageniform to ventricose-fusoid or fusiform, most of
them with wall thickened 1–1.5 µm along entire length, often
thickest at apex (up to 4 µm), yellowish refractive, very few thinwalled; apex of most cells encrusted with a cap of crystals and/
or crystalline granular material. Cheilocystidia 38 – 50 × 12 –14
µm, very abundant, lageniform to fusoid-ventricose, fusiform
or even utriform, with walls thickened but thinner than those of
pleurocystidia (rarely thin-walled), yellowish refractive, some of
them colourless. Hymenophoral trama in NH4OH (10 %) consisting of hyaline thin-walled hyphae, 2 – 5 µm diam, without
encrustations. Clamp connections present.
Habitat & Distribution — Caespitose on woody debris. So
far only known from Costa Rica.
Typus. coSta rica, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional de Guanacaste,
Rincón de La Vieja, Sector Santa María, Sendero del León, 800 – 900 m,
10:45:48.0520N – 85:18:41.9040W, on wood, 13 Mar. 1996, M. Mata 360
(holotype INB0003481172, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MF966507
and MN161533, isotype AH 49110, MycoBank MB831899).
Additional materials examined. Psathyrella cloverae: USA, Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission, scattered on the ground, June, year unknown, E. Clover,
holotype MICH 11902 (E. Clover 2129), ITS sequence GenBank MF966417.
– coSta rica, Guanacaste, Arenal, Zona Protegida Arenal-Monteverde, A.C
Arenal, R.B. Nuboso Santa Elena, Sendero Caño Negro, 900 –1000 m;
10:21:17.8908 N–84:46:11.2907 W, on woody debris, 16 Feb. 2000, I. López,
INB0003407719 (I.López 1112), ITS sequence GenBank MF966508; Puntarenas, Osa, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sendero Espaveles, 0 –100 m;
8:29:21.9637N – 83:35:13.9191W, on trunks, 9 May 2003, E. Fletes,
INB0003718172 (E. Fletes 5101), ITS sequence GenBank MF966510; Puntarenas, Osa, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sendero Espaveles, 0 –100 m;
8:29:21.9637N – 83:35:13.9191W, on trunks, 12 May 2001, E. Fletes,
INB0003752257 (E. Fletes 2376), ITS sequence GenBank MF966509.
Colour illustrations. Costa Rica, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja,
where the holotype was collected (photo Mauricio Torres). Basidiomata;
cystidia and spores under LM and SEM (all from the holotype). Scale bars = 1
cm (basidiomata), 10 μm (microscopic elements under LM), 5 µm (cystidia
under SEM), 2 μm (spores under SEM).
Because of the muricate pleurocystidia and the presence of veil
Psathyrella pivae keys out in Kits van Waveren’s monograph
(1985) close to P. olympiana. Psathyrella pivae, however, differs from P. olympiana genetically and by the presence of a
fibrillose annulus, larger spores and much longer pleurocystidia
(up to 100 µm in length). Psathyrella pivae is a species with
abundant fibrillose veil recalling macroscopically a Stropharia
species, and as such it was tentatively identified in the field. Kits
van Waveren (1985) included in his monograph P. olympiana f.
amstelodamensis, characterised by its strongly developed veil
but mentioning “in all other respects this form is identical with
P. olympiana”. Moreover, the illustrations of his f. amstelodamensis do not show any annulus on the stipe.
AH24929 Psathyrella magnispora TYPE
1.00/100
LÖ330-01 Psathyrella arenosa
LÖ220-96 (GB) Psathyrella arenosa TYPE
0.98/1.00/100
LÖ373-06 (GB) Psathyrella rybergii TYPE
1.00/100
LÖ97-04 Psathyrella pygmaea
1.00/99
0.95/-
18520 (WU) Psathyrella pygmaea
37850 (HMJAU) Psathyrella pygmaea
NL2325 (SZMC) Psathyrella pygmaea
NL2139 (SZMC) Psathyrella pygmaea
0.99/5
1.00/100
66032 Lopez 1112 Psathyrella cloverae
11902 (MICH) Psathyrella cloverae TYPE
67957 Fletes 2378 Psathyrella cloverae
1.00/28
73764 Fletes 5101 Psathyrella cloverae
AH49110 Psathyrella pivae sp. nov. HOLOTYPE
LÖ32-02 Psathyrella olympiana
1.00/96
705621 (BRNM) Psathyrella olympiana
1.00/100
0.01
Manfred 17-Aug-1985 Psathyrella olympiana
NL2935 (SZMC) Psathyrella olympiana
50 % majority rule ITS-28S rDNA consensus phylogram of the /pygmaea
clade of Psathyrella (as delimited in Örstadius et al. 2015), with P. magnispora
as outgroup. It was obtained in MrBayes from 3 900 sampled trees. Values
next to nodes represent Bayesian PP and Maximum Likelihood BP. Only
nodes supported by > 0.95 PP or > 70 % BP were annotated. Several clades
around P. panaeoloides and P. abieticola were condensed (black triangle),
and the rooting branch was reduced for publishing.
Michel Heykoop, Gabriel Moreno & Milagro Mata, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida (Unidad Docente de Botánica),
Universidad de Alcalá, E–28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Pablo Alvarado, ALVALAB, La Rochela 47, 39012 Santander, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
392
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pseudogymnoascus lindneri
393
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1027 – 18 December 2019
Pseudogymnoascus lindneri Rea, Smyth & Overton, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Daniel Lindner from the United States Forest
Service for his significant contributions to the modern taxonomy of Pseudogymnoascus and his contributions to White-nose Syndrome research.
Classification — Pseudeurotiaceae, incertae sedis, Leotiomycetes.
On Sabouraud dextrose acidified with 120 µL 85 % lactic acid
for optimal pigment production: Conidia borne singly at the
tips, globose to obovate, smooth, with one abscission scar
2.8 – 4.1 (3.5, n = 30) µm in length. Intercalary conidia with two
abscission scars, globose to truncate, measuring 3 – 4 (3.5,
n = 10) µm in length. On oatmeal salt sediment agar: Ascomata
gymnothecial, solitary, globose, measuring 181– 311 (220,
n = 20) µm diam; greyish orange (5B6; Kornerup & Wanscher
1978); developing rapidly and ripening within 10 d at 25 °C (12
h white fluorescent light / 12 h dark). Ascomatal initials coiled
to irregular; peridium is a gymnothecium composed of textura
intricata, the peridial hyphae darkly pigmented brownish yellow
(5C7), smooth to minutely roughened with distinct appendages
measuring 5.1–10.1 (7.6, n = 10) × 1.92 – 3.24 (2.5, n = 10)
µm. Asci globose to ovoid, 8-spored, 5.4 – 8 (6.7, n = 84) ×
3 – 6.1 (4.7, n = 84) µm in size. Ascospores aseptate, fusoid,
smooth, greyish orange (5B6); 2.6 – 4 (3.2, n = 216) × 1.6 – 3
(2.1, n = 216) µm in size.
Culture characteristics — (12 h white fluorescent light / 12 h
dark at 25 °C): Colonies at first yellow-orange to dark orange
(4A7 /8 – 5A8), in age changing to brown-orange to brown
(6C8 – 6E8) after 10 d.
and colony colouration. Samson (1972) described P. bhattii as
being characterised by yellow ascomata and the absence of
distinct peridial appendages. However, P. lindneri can be distinguished from P. bhattii based on conidiogenesis (P. bhattii does
not produce conidia) and the presence of distinct peridial appendages. Minnis & Lindner (2013), were the first to study many
Pseudogymnoascus taxa using modern phylogenetic methods
using a multigene approach. In their work, they identified multiple clades of Pseudogymnoascus. The new species described
here is identical in the three genes studied to the same three
genes from Minnis & Lindner’s 02NH05 isolate deposited in
GenBank. Isolate 02NH05 up until this point has remained an
undescribed homothallic species since the publication of their
work. This work is the first to unite morphological characters
used by Samson (1972) with molecular data.
Clade D
78/- Ps5
P. turneri sp. nov.
121
100/100 23342 1 I1
158
P. lindneri sp. nov.
98/94 02NH05
95/100 04NY11
20KY08
21IN05
10NY10
99/98
18VA08
98/95
21IN01
76/78
11MA03 Clade A
79/72
96/96
23014 1 I6
15PA10B
90/97
24MN18
80/17WV03
24MN04
20KY10
94/80 04NY17A
73/90 24MN06
11MA08
Clade B
85/91 99/100
14PA06
99/100 20KY12
83/80
RMFC101
75/73
76/11MA05
11MA07 Clade C
92/94
RMF772
Typus. USA, Pennsylvania, Blair County, Canoe Creek State Park, Canoe
Creek Hartman Mine, from sediment, 2017, B. Overton LHU 158 (holotype
in Cornell University Plant Pathology Herbarium (CUP-070714), ITS, RBP2
and TEF-1α sequences GenBank MN542212, MN541384 and MN541383,
MycoBank MB832750).
Pseudogymnoascus destructans
WSF3629
03VT05
05NY06
Clade G
05NY08
P. roseus clade
75/05NY09
96/100 01NH08
04NY16 Clade E
P. verrucossus clade
97/97 24MN13
02NH11
93/100
Clade L
07MA02 P. appendiculatus clade
89/96 10NY08
21IN10
92/100
Clade J
10NY09
100/100 MN Mycosel 7
99/95 12NJ13
95/97 17WV06
22984 1 I1 Clade H
96/78
18VA07
15PA11
90/100
18VA12 Clade I
94/100
18VA13
24MN14 Clade M
A07MA10 Clade K
G3
76/76
Notes — Morphological analyses suggest that P. lindneri,
and P. bhattii could be sister taxa. They are similar in the morphological characteristics of gymnothecial ascomata production
10 changes
Colour illustrations. Background photo of Canoe Creek Hartman Mine,
Canoe Creek State Park. Fluorescence image of nuclei in conidia on SAB;
asci and peridial hyphae on oatmeal agar; ascomatal initials on oatmeal agar
at 10 d; ascospores on oatmeal agar; gymnothecia on oatmeal agar; colony
back colour on SAB at 10 d. Scale bar = 100 µm (gymnothecia), 5 µm (all
others).
Phylogenetic placement of Pseudogymnoascus lindneri on a maximum parsimony tree with maximum likelihood/maximum parsimony bootstrap support
values, generated from the concatenated dataset of three loci (rDNA, TEF
and RPB2) using PAUP v. 4.0a build 166 (Swofford 2003). The parsimony
analysis generated a single most parsimonious tree via strict consensus.
A maximum likelihood analysis was completed using GARLI v. 2.01 (Zwickl
2006) on the CiPRES Science Gateway (Miller et al. 2010). We generated
a consensus tree from a single replicate ML analysis with 1 000 bootstrap
pseudo-replications. The General Time Reversible (GTR) evolutionary model
was used with estimate selected for the proportion of invariant sites, and
gamma distribution as the model of rate heterogeneity. Bootstrap support
values located at nodes are: Maximum Likelihood/Maximum Parsimony.
Alignment and tree(s) in TreeBASE (study 25145).
Abigail E. Rea, Christopher W. Smyth & Barrie E. Overton, Department of Biology, 205 East Campus Science Center,
Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Brent J. Sewall, Department of Biology, 1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
394
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pseudogymnoascus turneri
395
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1028 – 18 December 2019
Pseudogymnoascus turneri Rea, Smyth & Overton, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Gregory G. Turner from the Pennsylvania Game
Commission for his many contributions to the study and conservation of hibernating bats affected by White-nose Syndrome, a wildlife disease caused by
the invasive fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans.
Classification — Pseudeurotiaceae, incertae sedis, Leotiomycetes.
On Sabouraud dextrose acidified with 120 µL 85 % lactic acid
for optimal pigment production: Conidia borne singly at the tips,
globose to obovate, smooth, with one abscission scar 2.5 – 4.3
(3.3, n = 30) µm in length. Intercalary conidia with two abscission scars, globose to truncate, measuring 3 – 5.5 (3.8, n = 30)
µm in length. On oatmeal salt sediment agar: Ascomata gymnothecial, solitary, globose, measuring 103 – 263 (173, n = 20)
µm diam; greyish orange (5B6; Kornerup & Wanscher 1978);
developing rapidly and ripening within 10 d at 25 °C, (12 h
white fluorescent light / 12 h dark). Ascomatal initials coiled
to irregular; peridium is a gymnothecium composed of textura
intricata, the peridial hyphae darkly pigmented brownish yellow
(5C7), smooth to minutely roughened with distinct appendages
measuring 4.6 –11.4 (7.0, n = 10) × 2.2 – 2.8 (2.4, n = 10) µm.
Asci globose to ovoid, 8-spored, 5 –7.7 (6.5, n = 84) × 3.2 – 6
(4.6, n = 84) µm in size. Ascospores aseptate, fusoid, smooth,
greyish orange (5B6); 2.9 – 4.8 (3.5, n = 216) × 1.8 – 2.9 (2.1,
n = 216) µm in size.
Culture characteristics — (12 h white fluorescent light / 12 h
dark at 25 °C): Colonies at first pastel yellow to light yellow
(3A3 – 5), in age changing to reddish golden to brown-orange
(6C7– 8) after 10 d.
Notes — Morphological analyses suggest that P. turneri,
P. lindneri and P. bhattii could be sister taxa. They are similar
in the morphological characteristics of gymnothecial ascomata
production and colony colouration. Samson (1972) described
P. bhattii as being characterised by yellow ascomata and the
absence of distinct peridial appendages. However, P. turneri
can be distinguished from P. bhattii based on conidiogenesis
(P. bhattii does not produce conidia) and the presence of distinct peridial appendages. Pseudogymnoascus turneri can be
distinguished from P. lindneri based on ascospore dimensions
(P. lindneri ascospores are smaller in size: 2.6 – 4 × 1.6 – 3 (3.2
× 2.1 µm, n = 216) and gymnothecial dimensions (P. lindneri
gymnothecia are larger, 181–311 µm diam (220, n = 20). Minnis
& Lindner (2013) were the first to analyse many Pseudogymnoascus taxa using modern phylogenetic methods using a
multigene approach. In their work, they identified multiple clades
of Pseudogymnoascus. The new species described here is
identical in the three genes analysed to the same three genes
from Minnis & Lindner’s 23342-1-I1 isolate. Isolate 23342-1-I1
has remained an undescribed homothallic species since the
publication of their work. In addition to the morphological differences elucidated between P. turneri and P. lindneri, there is
strong bootstrap support separating these species based on a
three-gene-phylogeny. This work is the first to unite the morphological characters used by Samson (1972) with molecular
data.
For phylogenetic tree see FP 1027.
Typus. USA, Pennsylvania, Clearfield County, Sabula railroad tunnel,
from sediment, 2017, Dr. Barrie Overton LHU 121 (holotype in Cornell University Plant Pathology Herbarium (CUP-070715), ITS, RBP2 and TEF-1α
sequences MN542213, MN541380 and MN541379; MycoBank MB832738).
Additional material examined. uSa, Pennsylvania, Blair County, Canoe
Creek State Park, Canoe Creek Hartman Mine, from sediment, 2016, Dr.
Barrie Overton, paratype LHU Ps5 in Cornell University Plant Pathology
Herbarium (CUP-070716), ITS, RBP2 and TEF-1α sequences MN542214,
MN541382 and MN541381.
Colour illustrations. Background photo of Sabula Railroad Tunnel, Pennsylvania, USA. Conidia on SAB; ascospores on oatmeal agar; SEM image of
asci and peridial hyphae from oatmeal agar; DIC image of asci and peridial
hyphae on oatmeal agar; colony back colour on SAB at 10 d; gymnothecia
on oatmeal agar; ascomatal initials on oatmeal agar at 10 d. Scale bar = 100
µm (gymnotheicia), 10 µm (SEM image), 5 µm (all others).
Abigail E. Rea, Christopher W. Smyth & Barrie E. Overton, Department of Biology, 205 East Campus Science Center,
Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Brent J. Sewall, Department of Biology, 1900 North 12th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
396
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum
397
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1029 – 18 December 2019
Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum M.E. Sm., Bessette & A.R. Bessette, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet sclerotiorum is in reference to the subterranean
orange sclerotia formed by this species.
Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes,
Agaricomycotina.
Basidiomata epigeous, pileate, pileus 4 –10 cm wide, hemispheric at first, becoming convex to broadly convex at maturity,
surface dry, dull or somewhat shiny, matted-subtomentose,
pinkish red to rose-red or purplish red, sometimes with olive
tints, becoming dull rose-pink to brownish pink in age, slowly
staining blackish blue when bruised, margin bright yellow,
often persistent, incurved at first, with a narrow band of sterile
tissue; pileipellis tastes slightly acidic, immediately staining
grey then fading to orange with red areas bleached with KOH,
slowly staining weakly orange with NH4OH, and olive-grey with
FeSO4. Context pale yellow, sometimes with a pinkish tinge
under the pileipellis, staining blue when exposed, sometimes
weakly and erratically, staining pale orange with KOH, negative
with NH4OH on yellow areas, and bleaching blue areas, FeSO4
staining context faintly bluish grey, odour not distinctive, taste
acidic. Hymenophore bright yellow at first, becoming dull yellow
then brownish yellow at maturity, staining blue when bruised,
slightly depressed near the stipe in age, pores angular to irregular, 2 – 3 per mm, tubes 6 –15 mm deep, yellow, staining
blue then brown when bruised. Stipe 4.5 – 9 cm long, 1– 2 cm
thick, enlarged downward or nearly equal, solid, surface dry,
longitudinally striate, yellow at apex, red on lower portion, with
conspicuous red to reddish brown punctae over a yellow ground
colour, staining blue when handled or bruised, sometimes
slowly, lacking reticulation or sometimes reticulate on upper
portion, reticulation yellow at the apex and reddish below, often
with white basal mycelium and yellow rhizomorphs sometimes
with orange sclerotia, context brighter and deeper yellow than in
the pileus, reddish brown around larval tunnels, staining bluish
green, sometimes slowly and erratically. Spores olive-brown in
fresh deposit, (12 –)14 –16(–18) × 4 – 6 µm, n = 20, av. = 15.15
× 4.99 µm, Q = 3.05, subfusoid to fusiform, hyaline to pale
brownish yellow, smooth, thin-walled. Basidia 24 – 28 × 6.5 –11
µm, clavate, 4-sterigmate, hyaline, lacking dextrinoid contents
in Melzer’s. Hymenial cystidia not observed. Hymenophoral
trama boletoid, with lateral elements 4.5 –10 µm, moderately
divergent, hyaline to pale greyish yellow in KOH, pale greyish
yellow in Melzer’s. Pileus trama hyphae loosely interwoven,
hyaline in KOH, pale ochraceous in Melzer’s, inamyloid,
5 –17.5 µm wide, thin-walled, smooth. Pileipellis a suberect
trichodermium that becomes a cutis of tangled and interwoven
cylindrical hyphae, with red contents in water, hyaline in KOH,
with dingy ochraceous contents in Melzer’s, inamyloid, 5–9 µm
wide, immediately staining orange with KOH, staining slowly
and weakly orange with NH4OH, and staining pale olive-grey
or negative with FeSO4. Stipitipellis hymeniform with clavate
elements 5 –13 µm wide, subparallel to interwoven, pinkish
Colour illustrations. Quercus-dominated forest at the Ordway-Swisher
Biological Reserve where Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum is found during wet
periods in summer and fall. Basidiomata of specimen FLAS-F-60908; orange
sclerotia of P. sclerotiorum (MES-260) from oak woodland; pale brownish
basidiospores in KOH. Scale bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 3 mm (sclerotia),
5 µm (basidiospores).
red to red in water, ochre in KOH, and yellow-brown to reddish
brown in Melzer’s, with scattered clavate caulocystidia. Stipe
trama parallel, vertically oriented, cylindrical, hyaline, inamyloid,
with scattered oleiferous elements. Clamp connections absent.
Habitat & Distribution — Scattered or in groups, often on
sandy soil, with species of Quercus, summer to fall (JulyNovember), eastern USA from Massachusetts to Florida.
Typus. uSa, Florida, Putnam County, Ordway-Swisher Biological Station,
c. 50 m asl, in oak-dominated forest, 14 June 2017, L. Kaminsky (holotype
FLAS-F-60908, ITS sequence GenBank MH016883, MycoBank MB830772).
Paratypus. uSa, Tennessee, Anderson County, Oak Ridge, beneath
Quercus, 21 Aug. 2015, H. Hitchcock, ARB1260 (FLAS-F-60333, ITS, LSU,
rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 sequences GenBank MF098659, MF614166, MF614168,
MF614169 and MF614165).
Notes — Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum is characterised by the
red pileus with a distinctive yellow margin, yellow hymenophore
that stains blue when bruised, yellow and red stipe with conspicuous red to reddish brown punctae over a yellow ground
colour, often with white basal mycelium and yellow rhizomorphs
and an association with oaks. Among similar species Boletus
rubissimus also has a pinkish red to rose-red pileus with a bright
yellow margin and a similarly coloured stipe, but it has different
macrochemical reactions and smaller spores, 9–11 × 3–4.5 µm.
Hortiboletus rubellus has reddish orange context in the lower
stipe, tubes that split lengthwise when torn, and smaller spores,
10 –13 × 4 – 5 µm. Pulchroboletus rubricitrinus has a similarly
coloured pileus that lacks a bright yellow margin, has a more
yellow, longitudinally striate stipe streaked with red, and has
different macrochemical reactions. Aureoboletus mirabilis is
found in the Western USA with conifers, has a dark purplish red
to reddish brown pileus, a yellow pore surface and context that
does not stain blue. Xerocomus morrisii has a brown pileus,
yellow context that does not stain blue, a yellow pore surface
that becomes brownish orange to brick-red in age, and a punctate stipe. Hemileccinum subglabripes has an ochre to reddish
brown pileus, a yellow pore surface that does not stain blue,
and red to reddish brown punctae on its stipe. Pulchroboletus
sclerotiorum is also distinct based on molecular characters.
BLAST searches based on ITS rDNA did not match closely
with any known boletes. The most closely related named taxa
in GenBank are P. roseoalbidus, P. rubricitrinus, Boletus smithii
and Gasteroboletus vividus. However, sequences of these taxa
were < 91 % similar across the ITS. ITS sequences provide
important insight into the ecology of this new species because
they match a sequence from orange sclerotia collected beneath oaks in Massachusetts (Smith & Pfister 2009). Sclerotia
of ectomycorrhizal fungi are rarely reported in the literature
(Smith et al. 2015) but several other species of ectomycorrhizal Boletales have been shown to form sclerotia, including
B. rubropunctus (Smith & Pfister 2009) and Leccinum holopus
(Müller & Agerer 1990).
Supplementary material
FP1029-1 Additional specimens examined.
FP1029-2 Phylogenetic tree based on Maximum Likelihood analysis of ITS
rDNA in RAxML v. 8 shows the placement of Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum
among Pulchroboletus and Alessioporus species (Boletaceae, Boletales).
Hemileccinum impolitum served as the outgroup.
Matthew E. Smith, Department of Plant Pathology, 2527 Fifield Hall, Gainesville FL 32611, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Alija Mujic, Department of Biology, Fresno State University, 2555 East San Ramon Ave, Fresno CA 93740, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Jason Bolin, 7340 Viale Sonata, Lake Worth, FL 33467, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Arleen Bessette & Alan Bessette, 170 Live Oak Circle, Saint Marys, GA 31558, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
398
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Russula quercus-floribundae
399
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1030 – 18 December 2019
Russula quercus-floribundae M. Kiran & Adamčík, sp. nov.
Etymology. The name refers to the probable host tree, Quercus floribunda
(synonym Q. dilatata).
Classification — Russulaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes.
Pileus medium-sized, 45–60 mm diam, semi-globose, convex,
centrally slightly depressed when mature; margin incurved,
tuberculate-striate when mature; surface relatively shiny also
when dry, smooth near the margin, rugulose and pitted at the
centre, near the margin brown-red to orange-red sometimes
discolouring to pale orange; towards the centre orange, yellowbrown to reddish brown. Lamellae relatively dense, adnateemarginate, first white, becoming pale yellow; lamellulae
very rare, furcations frequent near the stipe, edge even and
becoming red-brown, spotted when old or after handling.
Stipe 40 – 65 × 5 –12 mm, obclavate, central, longitudinally
striate, on white background with yellow-brown to brown flush
or spots, especially in central part and near the base, without
pinkish shades. Context white, unchanging, compact. Spores
(10.3 –)10.9 –12.3(–13.4) × (8.8 –)9.7–11(–11.7) μm, av. 11.6
× 10.4 μm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, Q = (1.04–)1.07–
1.19(–1.28), av. Q = 1.13; ornamentation of large, distant to
moderately distant (3 – 5(–7) in a 3 μm diam circle) amyloid
spines, (1.2–)1.3–1.9(–2.2) μm high, occasionally to frequently
fused in branched or unbranched long chains, radially oriented
from suprahilar spot ((0 –)1– 3(– 4) fusions in the circle), connected by dispersed fine line connections (0–1(–3) in the circle);
suprahilar spot large, amyloid, irregular in shape. Basidia
(47–) 51.5 – 62 (– 67) × (14 –)16 – 20.5 (– 22) μm, av. 56.8 ×
18.2 μm, 2 – 4-spored, broadly clavate, sometimes pedicellate;
basidiola first cylindrical or ellipsoid, then clavate, 4.5 –11 µm
wide. Hymenial cystidia on lamellar sides dispersed, 450 – 600
/mm2, (75.5–)82.5–107(–125) × (12–)15.5–20.5(–22) μm, av.
94.4 × 17.9 μm, fusiform or rarely clavate, often pedicellate,
walls thin or sometimes slightly thickened (0.5 –1 μm), apically
obtuse or acute and occasionally with 4 –12 μm long appendage; contents heteromorphous, crystalline-banded, turning
red-brown to almost black in sulfovanillin; abundant near the
lamellae edges, (63.5 –)73.5 – 99(–115) × (7–)9 –13(–16) µm,
av. 86.4 × 10.6 μm, narrower and more frequently clavate
and appendiculate. Lamellae edges fertile; marginal cells not
well differentiated, 11– 20 × 4 – 5 µm, cylindrical or clavate.
Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl blue, not sharply delimited
from the underlying context, 130 –190 μm deep, strongly gelatinised throughout, covered by often disconnected, 50 – 60
μm deep extra gelatinous matter. Acid-resistant incrustations
absent. Hyphal terminations in pileipellis near the pileus margin
Colour illustrations. Background: Quercus floribunda dominated forest in
Upper Shawar (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan) where the holotype
was collected. Bottom row: basidiomata of collection LAH 36220 (left) and
the type collection (right). Line drawings (top row, all from the holotype).
Right: pileocystidia near the pileus centre (left) and near the pileus margin
(centre), hyphal terminations near the pileus centre (right top) and near the
pileus margin (right bottom). Left: basidia (left top), basidiola (centre top),
hymenial cystidia near the lamellae edges (right top) and lamellae sides (left
bottom), marginal cells (centre) and spores (right bottom). Scale bars = 10 mm
(basidiomes), 5 μm (spores), 10 μm (all other microscopic structures).
frequently branched, often slightly flexuous, thin-walled; terminal cells (10 –)20.5 – 42.5(– 60) × 2 – 3.5(– 5) µm, av. 31.6
× 3 μm, mainly cylindrical, apically often slightly attenuated;
subterminal cells equally wide and sometimes shorter, usually
branched. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre narrower
and more flexuous, terminal cells (15 –)21.5 – 38.5(– 45) ×
(1.5 –) 2 – 3(– 3.5) µm, av. 30 × 2.5 μm. Pileocystidia near the
pileus margin very abundant, 1– 3(– 4)-celled, cylindrical to
narrowly clavate, thin-walled, terminal cells (12 –)25 – 62(– 87)
× (3 –)4 – 6.5(–10.5) µm, av. 43.5 × 5.1 μm, mainly cylindrical
or clavate, apically mainly obtuse, contents heteromorphous,
mainly banded, occasionally also granulose, weakly turning
greyish in sulfovanillin. Pileocystidia near the pileus centre similar, terminal cells (14.5 –) 29.5 –72.5(–105) × (3.5 –) 4 –7(–10)
µm, av. 51 × 5.5 μm. Cystidioid hyphae in subpellis and context
dispersed, contents heteromorphous-banded.
Typus. pakiStan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Malakand division, Swat
district, Upper Shawar, alt. 1300 m, on the floor of Quercus floribunda dominated forest mixed with a few pines, 29 July 2018, Z. Ullah BS59 (holotype
LAH 36219, ITS, LSU, mtSSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN053395,
MN513043, MN053397 and MN053389, MycoBank MB831387).
Additional material examined. pakiStan, Upper Shawar, Malakand division,
Swat district, Upper Shawar, alt. 1300 m, on the floor of Quercus floribunda
dominated forest mixed with a few pines, 29 July 2018, Z. Ullah BS80
(LAH 36220, ITS, LSU, mtSSU and rpb2 sequences GenBank MN053391,
MN513043, MN053396 and MN053390).
Notes — The type ITS sequence has the closest GenBank
BLAST match (98.7 %) with an unidentified Russula from China
(GenBank JQ991794) and the most similar sequences identified
to species are those of R. tengii (95.6 %) and R. dryadicola
(95.6 %). Our multi-locus phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS,
rpb2 and mtSSU clearly places R. quercus-floribundae in the
R. globispora lineage as sister of two sequences of unidentified
Russula from China (for the phylogenetic tree, see Supplementary Fig. FP1030). They form a well-supported clade with
R. abbottabadensis from Pakistan and R. heilongjiangensis
from China. All Asian species share features typical for the
R. globispora lineage: brownish yellow spots on basidiomata,
red and soon discolouring pilei and large spores with prominent
spines. Russula dryadicola, R. globispora and R. tengii differ in
isolated spines of spore ornamentation that do not form chains
(Caboň et al. 2019). Russula heilongjiangensis has similar
spore ornamentation but has narrower hymenial cystidia on lamellae sides (Li et al. 2018). Russula quercus-floribundae has,
together with sequestrate species R. mediterraneensis and
R. mattiroloana, the largest spores within the lineage, often
exceeding 11 μm (Vidal et al. 2019).
Supplementary material
FP1030 Maximum likelihood phylogeny computed in RAxML (Stamatakis
et al. 2008) inferred from three loci (nrITS, mtSSU, rpb2), rooted to Russula
juniperina. Bootstrap support values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities computed in MrBayes v. 3.2 (Ronquist et al. 2012) are indicated at
the nodes with the estimated threshold 70 % / 0.95. All analyses (partitioning,
RAxML, MrBayes) were computed using CIPRES portal (http://www.phylo.
org/sub_sections/portal/). Types are labeled in bold and newly sequenced
collections in blue. Species names are followed by herbarium code or GenBank accesion numbers in italics.
Munazza Kiran & Abdul Nasir Khalid, Department of Botany, University of Punjab, Quaid e Azam campus,
Lahore 54590, Pakistan; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Junaid Khan, Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, KP, Pakistan; e-mail: [email protected]
Slavomír Adamčík & Miroslav Caboň, Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523, Bratislava, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
400
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Setophoma caverna
401
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1031 – 18 December 2019
Setophoma caverna F. Liu & L. Cai, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after the habitat of this fungus, occurring in a cave.
Classification — Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Ascomata brown to dark brown, solitary or gregarious, globose
to subglobose, semi-immersed, usually covered by aerial mycelia, erumpent. Peridium hyaline to pale brown, 12 – 20 μm
wide, with 3 – 5 layers, walls of textura angularis. Asci cylindrical to cylindrical-clavate, 8-spored, wall easy to dissolve and
invisible. Ascospores hyaline, fusoid-ellipsoidal with rounded
ends, 3-septate and constricted at the first and second septa,
the second cell from apex wider than other cells, 17– 28.5 ×
3.5–6 μm (av. = 22.4 ± 2.8 × 4.6 ± 0.5 μm). Asexual morph: Conidiophores hyaline, branched, often reduced to conidiogenous
cells lining in the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline,
smooth, ovoid, ampulliform or subcylindrical, aseptate, 5–7.5 ×
2–6 μm (av. = 6.3 ± 0.7 × 3.8 ± 1 μm). Conidia aseptate, hyaline,
granular to guttulate, surface smooth or roughened, variable
in shape and size, globose, ellipsoid or irregularly, 3 –16.5 ×
2.5 –10.5 μm (av. = 7.4 ± 3.8 × 5.4 ± 2.1 μm).
Culture characteristics — On potato dextrose agar, flat with
lobate edge, buff, sometimes olivaceous at the edge, reverse
buff, reaching 27– 30 mm diam after 10 d at 25 °C. On malt
extract agar, flat with undulate edge, front and reverse buff,
reaching 17–18 mm diam after 10 d at 25 °C.
Notes — The oligotrophic fungus S. caverna was isolated
from carbonatite using 1/2 000 PDA and silica agar (Jiang et
al. 2017), and this is the first report of a Setophoma species
from a Karst cave. It differs from other Setophoma species, in
that the peridium of S. caverna is hyaline, and its ascus wall
was difficult to observe, which is probably due to its adaptation
to the cave habitat. It is closely related with the tea plant associated species S. longinqua (Liu et al. 2019b), but with low
sequence similarity (95 % on ITS, 92 % on tef-1α and 90 % on
tub2). Morphologically, they could be easily distinguished from
each other by the conidial shape and dimensions (globose or
ellipsoid, 3 –16.5 × 2.5 –10.5 μm in S. caverna vs cylindrical or
subcylindrical, 4 – 5.5 × 1.5– 2 μm in S. longinqua).
Typus. china, Guizhou Province, Suiyang, Shuanghe Cave National Geopark, unnamed Karst cave, from carbonatite, 8 May 2015, Z.F. Zhang (holotype HMAS 248085, ex-type culture CGMCC 3.19526 = LC7511 = R150,
LSU, ITS, tub2, tef-1α and gapdh sequences GenBank MK511965,
MK511944, MK525032, MK525105 and MK525066, MycoBank MB829901).
Additional materials examined. china, Guizhou Province, Suiyang, Shuanghe
Cave National Geopark, unnamed Karst cave, from carbonatite, 8 May 2015,
Z.F. Zhang, LC12841 = LF2095, ITS, tub2, tef-1α and gapdh sequences GenBank MK511927, MK525016, MK525088 and MK525049; ibid., LC12842 =
LF2096, ITS, tub2, tef-1α and gapdh sequences GenBank MK511928,
MK525017, MK525089 and MK525050.
Colour illustrations. Karst cave where the type was collected. Colony
on PDA; ascomata; vertical section of ascomata; ascus and ascospores;
conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fang Liu & Lei Cai, State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
402
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Sorocybe oblongispora
403
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1032 – 18 December 2019
Sorocybe oblongispora Tanney & Seifert, sp. nov.
Etymology. Refers to the oblong conidia that distinguish this species from
the related S. resinae.
Classification — Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes.
Ascomata not observed. Conidiomata mononematous or synnematous and arising from dark brown, well-developed subiculum. Synnemata scattered or gregarious, up to about 2 mm
tall, dark brown to black, often splayed at the base but with a
compact cylindrical stipe c. 60 – 80 µm wide, and a compact,
dry, ellipsoidal conidial head c. 300 × 150 µm. Hyphae of stipe
brown to dark brown, strictly parallel in the main part of the stipe,
infrequently branched, with some anastomoses between adjacent hyphae, frequently septate, cells about 10 – 22 µm long,
somewhat interwoven and rough-walled towards the base and
(2.5 –)3.5 – 5 µm wide, walls 0.5 –1 µm thick, uneven in outline,
smooth-walled and 2 – 3 µm wide in the main body of the stipe.
Conidiogenous cells terminal or in pairs at the ends of the stipe
hyphae, cylindrical and very similar in size to the conidia, but
with a truncate base the same width as the stipe hyphae, 10–13
× 3.5– 4.5 µm, or intercalary and arising as a lateral extension
about 7–10.5 × 3.5 µm from a shorter stipe hyphal cell, lacking
a basal septum. Conidia in sparingly branched acropetal chains,
oblong-ellipsoidal to almost fusiform, (8.5 –)11.5 –15(–18.5) ×
(2.5 –)3 – 4(– 4.5) µm (length: n = 126, av. = 13.2 μm, SD = 1.9
μm, SE = 0.17 μm, 95 % CI = 0.33; width: n = 126, av. = 3.5
μm, SD = 0.4 μm, SE = 0.04 μm, 95 % CI = 0.07), brown,
mostly aseptate, fewer than 5 % of the conidia with a ± central
septum, with lateral walls 0.5–1 µm thick, with no visible secession scars, connection almost a point to a flat area about 1.5
µm wide, smooth-walled, sometimes adjacent conidia anastomosing; ramoconidia infrequent, 11–15.5 × 3.5 – 4 µm, usually
with just two emerging chains, conidial chains appressed and
more or less parallel.
Culture characteristics — Colonies after 4 wk at 20 °C on
malt extract agar restricted, coal-black, brittle and wrinkled.
Synnemata not produced.
Typus. canada, New Brunswick, Charlotte County, Campobello Island,
Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Fox Farm Trail, 44.849288,
-66.966173, on resin on self-pruned branch stub of Picea rubens (Pinaceae),
26 Sept. 2016, J.B. Tanney (holotype DAOM 867433, culture ex-type DAOMC
251618, culture ex-paratype DAOMC 241619; ITS and LSU sequences
GenBank MN114116 and MN114118, MycoBank MB831660).
Notes — Sorocybe oblongispora differs from the type
species, S. resinae, by its longer, narrower conidia (mostly
11.5 –15 × 3 – 4 µm vs 5.5 ‒11 × 2.5‒ 3.5 μm in S. resinae) and
ramoconidia (11–15.5 × 3.5 – 4 µm vs 7‒12 × 4 ‒7 um). Both
appear to be restricted to conifer resin, where they produce
conspicuous synnemata and a less conspicuous mononematous morph. In North America, S. oblongispora occurs on the
east coast of Canada on Picea rubens, and S. resinae in the
Pacific Northwest of Canada and the USA on Abies, Picea, and
Pseudotsuga spp. Sorocybe resinae was described from resin
Colour illustrations. Campobello Island, NB, Canada (photo R. Smith).
From left to right (DAOM 867433: synnemata on Picea rubens resin, conidial
head, mononematous conidiophore, conidia with examples of anastomosis.
Scale bars = 100 μm (synnemata), 10 μm (all others).
of Picea abies in Sweden, and is also known from Abies and
Larix elsewhere in Europe; it is unclear whether the morphologically identical western North American and European fungi are
the same phylogenetic species (Seifert et al. 2007). The other
two species, S. indica with slimy conidia (Pratibha et al. 2005)
and the poorly-known S. tenella (Hughes 1958), seem unlikely
to belong in Sorocybe as now circumscribed.
Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequences confirm that
S. oblongispora DAOMC 251618 and S. resinae DAOM 239134
are congeneric (ITS: GenBank EU030275; Identities = 479/499
(96 %), 3 gaps (0 %); LSU: GenBank EU030277; Identities =
867/874 (99 %), 1 gap (0 %)). Our LSU phylogeny places
S. oblongispora and S. resinae in a strongly-supported clade
sister to Ceratosporella novae-zelandiae (incertae sedis),
potentially a long-branch attraction artefact, a sequence misidentified as Lasallia pustulata (Umbilicariaceae, Umbilicariales),
and Endococcus fusigera (incertae sedis). This well-supported
(PP = 0.97) clade is in turn sister to Verrucaria (Verrucariaceae,
Verrucariales). Based on an NCBI GenBank BLASTn query of
the S. oblongispora DAOMC 251618 ITS sequence, the closest
related taxon after S. resinae is Endococcus fusigera (GenBank
FJ645262; Identities = 652/748 (87 %), 22 gaps (2 %)).
Seifert et al. (2007) placed S. resinae sister to Capronia villosa
(Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) from an ITS phylogeny
(GenBank EU030275; Identities = 418/492 (85 %), 3 gaps
(3 %)). We cannot confidently place Sorocybe in a family using
the available reference sequences and Vu et al.’s (2019) rDNA
taxonomic threshold values as a guide, but tentatively maintain
this classification of Sorocybe within Herpotrichiellaceae pending further investigation.
Sorocybe oblongispora was commonly found in New Brunswick,
Canada on Picea rubens resin flows associated with self-pruned
branch stubs or wounds. The resin was older and blackish in
colour from the proliferation of mycelia from S. oblongispora
and an unidentified sooty mould (Capnodiales). Sorocybe
oblongispora co-occurred with other resinicolous fungi including Eustilbum aureum, Claussenomyces olivaceus, Lachnellula resinaria, Sarea difformis, S. resinae, and hysteriaceous
species. Resinicolous fungi have been little studied in recent
years and the known species are poorly represented by public
DNA sequences. This recent discovery of Chaenothecopsis
claydenii and now S. oblongispora highlights the undiscovered
resinicolous fungal diversity of the Acadian forests of eastern
Canada.
Supplementary material
FP1032 Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic tree based on LSU sequences. The BI analysis was performed with MrBayes v. 3.2.6 using the best-fit
nucleotide substitution model (GTR+G) estimated by the Akaike Information
Criterion (AIC) using jModelTest v. 2.1.10, with a sampling frequency every
500 generations, three runs consisting of four chains (three heated, one cold),
an automated stop value of 0.01, and the first 25 % of the trees discarded as
burn-in. Posterior probabilities < 1 are presented in branch nodes. GenBank
accession numbers follow the species name and sequences derived from
ex-types are denoted with a superscript ( T ). The novel species is indicated
in bold and highlighted in an orange box.
Joey B. Tanney, Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road,
Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada; e-mail: [email protected]
Keith A. Seifert, Biodiversity (Mycology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue,
Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
404
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Stagonosporopsis vannaccii
405
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1033 – 18 December 2019
Stagonosporopsis vannaccii Baroncelli, Cafà, Castro, Boufleur & Massola, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named in honour of the Italian mycologist Giovanni Vannacci,
for his important contributions to the study of fungi.
Classification — Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes.
Hyphae hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, septate, 1.3 – 4 µm wide
onto potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). Conidiomata pycnidial, black,
unilocular, globose to subglobose, solitary or confluent, glabrous, superficial in the culture medium, 152.1–198.7 µm diam.
Ostiole single and central, slightly papillate to papillate and
occasionally rostrate. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform,
6.7–13.3 × 2 – 2.7 µm. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoidal to cylindrical with rounded ends, aseptate, with two polar guttules after
ageing, 3.4 – 6.4 × 2 – 2.7 µm. Appressoria sepia, obovoid to
ovoid, truncate, entire or undulate edges, 2.9 – 6.6 × 3.2 – 9.1
µm. Sexual morph unknown.
Culture characteristics — On PDA: colonies circular, flattened, reaching 64 – 66 mm diam after 6 d under 12 h photoperiod and 25 °C, margin entire, aerial mycelium sparse. Colonies surface with concentric circles fusco-black, violet-slate,
vinaceus-grey and pale vinaceus-grey (from centre to edge),
reverse fusco-black according to Rayner’s colour chart (Rayner
1970). On synthetic nutrient-poor agar (SNA): colonies circular, flattened, reaching 65 – 67 mm diam after 6 d under 12 h
photoperiod and 25 °C, margin entire, aerial mycelium sparse,
surface grey-sepia in the centre and pale mouse grey at the
edge, reverse grey-sepia. No pycnidia were observed on SNA.
0.99
0.87
0.60
Stagonosporopsis spp.
0.80
0.68
0.69
0.57
0.89
0.61
0.01
0.99
0.98
CBS 560.81 - Neoascochyta paspali
CBS 329.67 - S. valerianellae
CBS 177.93 - S. ajacis
CBS 178.25 - S. astragali
CBS 101494 - S. lupini
CBS 104.42 - S. hortensis
CBS 713.85 - S. crystalliniformis
CBS 101.80 - S. andigena
IMI 507030 - S. vannaccii
CBS 562.81 - S. loticola
CBS 426.90 - S. dorenboschii
CGMCC 3.18367 - S. papillata
CGMCC 3.18366 - S. bomiensis
CBS 248.90 - S. caricae
ATCC TSD-2 - S. citrulli
CBS 133.96 - S. cucurbitacearum
CBS 200.87 - S. helianthi
MFLUCC 16-1439 - S. ailanthicola
CBS 109182 - S. heliopsidis
CBS 102636 - S. artemisiicola
CBS 425.90 - S. inoxydabilis
ATCC 10748 - S. chrysanthemi
CBS 500.63 - S. ligulicola
CBS 109180 - S. rudbeckiae
CBS 131484 - S. tanaceti
CBS 634.92 - S. oculi-hominis
MFLUCC 16-0787 - S. centaureae
CBS 379.91 - S. trachelii
CBS 631.68 - S. dennisii
CBS 106.96 - S. actaeae
Typus. braZil, S13°18'46,7" W56°02'33,4" (Sinop, MT), from pod of
soybean (Glycine max), cultivar M8766RR, 2016, F. Rogério (holotype IMI
507030, cultures ex-type LFN0148 = IMI 507030, ITS, LSU, tub2, tef1, act,
rpb2 sequences GenBank MK519453, MK519452, MK519454, MK519455,
MN534890 and MN534891, MycoBank MB831973).
Notes — Stagonosporopsis vannaccii was isolated from anthracnose symptoms on pods of soybean in central Brazil in
2017. Pathogenicity was proved through seed inoculation in
accordance with Costa et al. (2003) on different soybean cultivars. Inoculated seeds of BMX Bônus 8579 IPRO and M6210
IPRO cultivars had the germination reduced by 50 % and 70 %,
respectively, and gave rise to plantlets with damping-off symptoms. Based on the similarity of symptoms, it is very likely
that the disease caused by S. vannaccii in soybean is being
confused with damping-off caused by Colletotrichum spp. in
the field. Further studies should show the real importance of
this disease to the soybean crop. Stagonosporopsis spp. has
been reported causing diseases in other cultures in Brazil, such
as S. caricae in Carica papaya (Aveskamp et al. 2010, Vivas
et al. 2014) and S. cucurbitacearum in Luffa cylindrica (Silva
et al. 2013b), and also in other countries, such as S. tanaceti,
S. chrysanthemi and S. inoxydabilis in Asteraceae in Australia
(Vaghefi et al. 2012), S. cucurbitacearum in Cucumis melo in
Thailand (Nuangmek et al. 2018) and S. cucurbitacearum, S. citrulli and S. caricae in Cucurbita species (Stewart et al. 2015).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hit using the LSU sequence is Allophoma
minor strain CBS 315.83 (GenBank GU238106.1; Identities =
1 326/1 327 (99.9 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the ITS sequence are Stagonosporopsis trachelii isolate NJ1-2 and strain
CBS 384.68 (GenBank MH062183.2 and GU237856.1, respectively; Identities = 471/475 (99.2 %), no gaps). The closest hits
using the tub2 sequence are S. ligulicola strain SWJ-6 and
strain NB-5 (GenBank KJ868169.1 and KJ868168.1, respectively; Identities = 321/333 (96.44 %), 2 gaps (0.3 %)) and S. inoxydabilis strain CBS 425.90 (GenBank GU237693.1; Identities = 321/333 (96.44 %), 2 gaps (0.3 %)). The closest hit
using the tef-1α sequence is Neodidymella thailandicum strain
MFLUCC 11-0140 (GenBank MG520938.1; Identities = 884/
902 (98.0 %), no gaps).
Phylogenetic tree of Stagonosporopsis spp. obtained with MrBayes v. 3.2.7
(Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003) inferred from the concatenated LSU (1340
bp), ITS (481 bp), tub2 (363 bp), rpb2 (596 bp) and act (314) sequence
alignment. The tree is rooted to Neoascochyta paspali CBS 560.81. PP values > 0.50 are shown above or below the branches while thicker branches
indicate PP values of 1. Sequences used are those reported in Marin-Felix
et al. (2019).
Colour illustrations. Piracicaba, Brazil, soybean plants. Colony on PDA and
SNA after 6 d at 25 ± 1 °C; conidiomata pycnidia under the dissecting microscope; conidiogenous cells; conidia and appressoria. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Riccardo Baroncelli, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 12,
37185 Villamayor (Salamanca), Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
Giovanni Cafà, CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK; e-mail: [email protected]
Renata Rebellato Linhares de Castro, Thais Boufleur & Nelson Sidnei Massola Junior, Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia,
Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 09, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil;
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
406
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Talaromyces clemensii
407
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1034 – 18 December 2019
Talaromyces clemensii Visagie & Yilmaz, sp. nov.
Etymology. Latin, clemensii, named after Clemens Kiessig of Barberton
Mines who assisted with sample collections inside goldmine shaft.
Classification — Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
Conidiophores biverticillate, sometimes subterminal branched;
stipes smooth walled, 150 – 520 × 3 – 4 μm; branches 12 – 35
μm; metulae 4 – 8 per stipe, 10.5 –13(–16) × 3 – 4 μm; phialides
acerose, 4–6 per metula, 10–12(–13) × 2.5–3 μm (11.4 ± 0.8 ×
2.8 ± 0.2); average length metula/phialide 1.1; conidia smooth
walled, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 2–3(–5) × 2–2.5(–3.5) μm
(2.6 ± 0.1 × 2.2 ± 0.1), av. width/length = 0.8, n = 70.
Culture characteristics (25 °C, 7 d) — On Czapek yeast
autolysate agar (CYA): Colonies low, plain, raised centrally,
having an olive (2F5; colour code based on Kornerup & Wanscher (1967)) to olive grey (2E2) colour; margins low, narrow
(1 mm), entire; mycelia white; texture floccose; sporulation
very sparse, conidia en masse not determined; soluble pigments absent; exudates absent; reverse black to olive brown
(4F3 – 6). On malt extract agar (MEA): Colonies low, plain,
raised centrally; margins low, wide (3 mm), entire; mycelia
white; texture velutinous and floccose; sporulation moderately
dense, conidia en masse greyish green (25D5–E5), dull green
(27E4); soluble pigments absent; exudates absent; reverse
greyish yellow (2B4), greyish green (30C3 – 4), yellowish
white (2A2). On yeast extract sucrose agar (YES): Colonies
moderately deep, plain, slightly sunken centrally, having a
greyish colour; margins low, narrow (1 mm), entire; mycelia
100
88
100
x2
90
96
98
95
x8
99
0.07
white; texture velutinous; sporulation sparse, conidia en masse
turquoise grey (24E2); soluble pigments absent; exudates absent; reverse brownish grey (5F2–6F2), brownish orange (5C3).
On dichloran 18 % glycerol agar (DG18): Colonies low to
moderately deep, plain, raised centrally; margins low, narrow
(1 mm), entire; mycelia white; texture floccose; sporulation
absent, conidia en masse not determined; soluble pigments
absent; exudates absent; reverse yellowish white (3A2). On
creatine sucrose agar (CREA): Colonies weak growth, no acid
production. Colony diam (in mm): CYA 5 – 8; CYA 30 °C 3 – 5;
CYA 37 °C no growth; CYA with 5 % NaCl 4 – 5; MEAbl 30 – 31;
DG18 6 – 8; YES 6–7; oatmeal agar (OA) 10 –11; CREA 6–7.
Typus. South africa, Mpumalanga, Barberton, from rotting wood in goldmine, Nov. 2018, coll. C.M. Visagie & C. Kiessig, isol. C.M. Visagie (holotype
PREM 62301, cultures ex-type PPRI 26753 = CMV016A4, LSU, ITS, BenA,
CaM and RPB2 sequences GenBank MN388753, MK951940, MK951833,
MK951906 and MN418451; MycoBank MB832488).
Notes — A BLAST search against an ex-type reference sequence dataset placed the new species in Talaromyces sect.
Trachyspermi (Yilmaz et al. 2014). A multigene phylogeny
based on ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 resolves T. clemensii as
sister to T. diversus. All four genes distinguish between these
species. Morphologically, both species are distinguished by
poor growth on CYA. Talaromyces clemensii is distinguished
from T. diversus by its inability of growth on CYA at 37 °C, and
more restricted growth on OA (10 –11 vs 25 – 40 mm).
T. erythromellis CBS644.80T JN899383 HQ156945 KJ885270 KM023290
T. heiheensis HMAS248789T KX447526 KX447525 KX447532 KX447529
T. albobiverticillius CBS133440T HQ605705 KF114778 KJ885258 KM023310
T. catalonicus CBS143039T LT899793 LT898318 LT899775 LT899811
T. aerius CBS140611T KU866647 KU866835 KU866731 KU866991
100
T. solicola DAOMC241015T FJ160264 GU385731 KJ885279 KM023295
T. pernambucoensis URM6894T LR535947 LR535945 LR535946 LR535948
T. amyrossmaniae NFCCI1919T MH909062 MH909064 MH909068 MH909066
T. austrocalifornicus CBS644.95T JN899357 KJ865732 KJ885261
100
T. convolutus CBS100537T JN899330 KF114773 JN121414
T. assiutensis CBS147.78T JN899323 KJ865720 KJ885260 KM023305
99
82
T. trachyspermus CBS373.48T JN899354 KF114803 KJ885281 JF417432
97
T. systylus BAFCcult3419T KP026917 KR233838 KR233837
T. ucrainicus CBS162.67T JN899394 KF114771 KJ885282 KM023289
T. atroroseus CBS133442T KF114747 KF114789 KJ775418 KM023288
T. minioluteus CBS642.68T JN899346 KF114799 KJ885273 JF417443
88
100
T. minnesotensis CBS142381T LT558966 LT559083 LT795604 LT795605
T. udagawae CBS579.72T JN899350 KF114796 KX961260
T. brasiliensis CBS142493T MF278323 LT855560 LT855563 LT855566
T. diversus DTO131I6 KJ775700 KJ775193
99
93
T. diversus DTO133A7 KJ775701 KJ775194
T. diversus DTO133E4 KJ775702 KJ775195
T. diversus DTO244E6 KJ775712 KJ775205
T. diversus CBS320.48T KJ865740 KJ865723 KJ885268 KM023285
T. clemensii PPRI26753T MK951940 MK951833 MK951906 MN418451
T. islandicus CBS338.48T KF984885 KF984655 KF984780 KF985018
Colour illustrations. Collecting rotting wood in goldmine shaft. Colonies
on CYA and MEA; colony texture on MEA; conidiophores; conidia. Scale
bars = 10 µm.
Combined phylogeny of Talaromyces sect Trachyspermi based on ITS,
BenA, CaM and RPB2. Aligned datasets were analysed in IQ-tree v. 1.6.8.
Bootstrap support values (≥ 80 %) are given above branches. The new species is indicated by bold orange text, T = ex-type strain. GenBank accession
numbers are shown in a smaller font next to the culture accession number
(ITS = green, BenA = blue, CaM = red, RPB2 = purple). The tree is rooted
to T. islandicus.
Cobus M. Visagie, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, and Biosystematics Division, Agricultural Research Council – Plant Health and Protection,
P. Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
Neriman Yilmaz, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
408
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Talaromyces guatemalensis
409
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1035 – 18 December 2019
Talaromyces guatemalensis A. Nováková, Svec, F. Sklenar, Kubátová & M. Kolařík,
sp. nov.
Etymology. Named according to the geographical origin of investigated
isolates.
Classification — Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales, Eurotiomycetes.
On malt extract agar (MEA). Conidiophores biverticillatesymmetrical, stipe smooth, 144–151 × 4.7 µm, under penicillus
with spathulate widening. Metulae cylindrical, smooth, 4 – 5 in
compact terminal whorls, 17.6 × 3.9–4.7 µm. Phialides ampulliform-acerose, 3 – 4 in whorls, 12–14.4 × 3.6(– 4.8) µm. Conidia
elliptical, rough˗walled, 3.1– 3.9 × 2.3 µm.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, 25 °C after 7 d):
Colonies on malt extract agar (MEA) synnematal, colony margins brilliant yellow (ISCC–NBS No. 83) with very low acerose
synnemata coloured also brilliant yellow, colony centre (15 mm
diam) with distinct acerose synnemata up to 6–8 mm high, turn
to greyish olive green (No. 127), some with yellowish tops, no
exudate, no soluble pigment, reverse vivid yellow (No. 82) to
strong orange yellow (No. 68). Colonies on Czapek yeast autolysate agar (CYA) synnematal, synnemata short, brilliant to
moderate yellow (No. 83, 87), 1 mm to 2 – 3 mm high in colony
centre and greyish greenish yellow (No. 105) to light greyish
olive (No. 109) with 4–5 mm yellowish grey (No. 93) centre and
2 mm submerged colony margin, soluble pigment vivid reddish orange (No. 34) to deep reddish orange (No. 38), reverse
deep reddish brown (No. 44) with paler margins. Colonies on
Czapek-Dox agar (CZA) synnematal with low synnemata, greyish greenish yellow (No. 105) on margin to greyish olive green
(No. 127) with paler tops in the centre, no exudate, delicate
to strong (5 – 8 mm ring) soluble pigment vivid reddish orange
(No. 34) missing in any colonies, reverse dark reddish brown
(No. 44). Colonies on Czapek yeast autolysate agar with 20 %
sucrose (CY20S) plane, low lanose with 1– 5 mm submerged
margins, acerose synnemata production sporadic, 1– 2 mm
high, pale yellow (No. 89), more abundant in 10–12 mm centre,
where are 5 – 6 mm high, greyish olive (No. 110) with pale yellow (No. 89) tops, lanose parts of colonies light brown (No. 57)
to brownish orange (No. 54), no exudate, no soluble pigment,
reverse light brown (No. 57) to brownish orange (No. 54) with
darker 3–5 mm centre and pale orange yellow (No. 73) margins
and strong orange (No. 50) borderline between submerged
and lanose parts. Colonies on creatine sucrose agar (CREA)
plane, velutinous˗granulose turning distinctly synnematous,
sporulation light greyish olive (No. 109), no exudate, no acid
production, but pure production of deep reddish orange (No.
38) soluble pigment in some colonies, reverse deep reddish
brown (No. 44). No growth at 37 °C.
Typus. guatemala, Semuc Champey on the Cahabòn river, under small
overhang of limestone, ex soil from tropical forest using the soil dilution plate
method, 2017, K. Švec (holotype PRM 952195, culture ex˗type CCF 6215,
ITS, tub2, CaM and RPB2 sequences GenBank MN322789, MN329687,
MN329688 and MN329689, MycoBank MB832313).
Additional material examined. guatemala, Semuc Champey on the Cahabòn river, under small overhang of limestone, ex soil from tropical forest
using the soil dilution plate method, 2017, K. Švec, GUA2˗1 (= CCF 6214),
GUA2˗3 and GUA2˗4.
Notes — Isolate GUA2˗1 (CCF 6214, PRM 952196) is phenotypically different (brilliant yellow to brilliant greenish yellow
pigmentation of colonies on BWA and MEA, synnemata 80–100
µm high, no or pure production of soluble pigment on CYA and
CZA, big reddish droplets on CZA in 14 d (on the contrary in
the ex-type isolate, deep reddish orange (No. 41) soluble pigment with distinct abundant occurrence in colony environs and
reddish black (No. 24 reverse were found), very good growth
and sporulation as well as massive acid production on CREA).
However, the molecular analyses of all tested genes (ITS, tub2,
CaM and RPB2) revealed them to be identical.
Talaromyces diversus
Tree scale: 0.01
100
Talaromyces ucrainicus
90
Talaromyces atroroseus
100
100
Talaromyces assiutensis
Talaromyces trachyspermus
98
Talaromyces guatemalensis
Talaromyces minioluteus
100
Talaromyces udagawae
100
100
Talaromyces austrocalifornicus
Talaromyces convolutus
98
Talaromyces erythromellis
100
Talaromyces albobiverticillius
65
Talaromyces solicola
Talaromyces purpureogenus
Colour illustrations. Pools in the Cahabòn river in Semuc Champey,
Guatemala. Seven-day-old colonies on CYA, MEA, CZA and CREA (column
left); conidiophore and conidia (light microscopy) and SEM photography of
conidia; columns on the right – colonies of CCF 6215 and CCF 6214 isolates
on beer-wort agar (7 d), CZA and CREA (14 d). Scale bars = 20, 10 and 5 µm.
Phylogenetic tree depicting the position of Talaromyces guatemalensis within
the section Trachyspermi. The tree was inferred in IQ-TREE v. 1.6.5 from
a concatenated alignment of DNA sequences from the ITS region of rDNA
and partial genes of β-tubulin, calmodulin and RPB2. Models of evolution
for each partition were calculated in jModeltest v. 2.1.7.
Alena Nováková, Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS,
v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; e˗mail: [email protected]
Karel Švec, František Sklenář & Miroslav Kolařík, Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS,
v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 and Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
e˗mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Alena Kubátová, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
e˗mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
410
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Terfezia dunensis
411
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1036 – 18 December 2019
Terfezia dunensis Ant. Rodr., Cabero, Luque & Morte, sp. nov.
Notes — Terfezia dunensis is a spiny-spored Terfezia species characterised by its acidic coastal dune habitat, associated
with Halimium halimifolium and Cistus salvifolius, lilac colours
of peridium and gleba and spermatic odour. It differs from all
other spiny-spored species by its habitat and lilac colour, that
is unique in the genus Terfezia. Terfezia cistophila and T. albida
have spermatic odour but different habitat, colour and spores
(Bordallo et al. 2013, 2015). Moreover, the new taxon is distinguished from all Terfezia spp. in its ITS nrDNA sequence.
Etymology. In accordance with the habitat (coastal dunes).
Classification — Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.
Ascomata hypogeous to partially emergent at maturity, 2–5 cm
in size, globose to subglobose, sometimes gibbous or lobed,
often with tapered, sterile short base with a thick mycelial cord,
cream colour at first, becoming lilac to pale lavender, then
ochre brown with black spots, smooth, rough to tuberculate at
full maturity. Peridium 150 – 500 μm thick, whitish in cross section, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of subglobose cells,
40 – 90 μm diam, thin-walled, hyaline, yellowish and angular to
oblong in the outermost layers. Gleba solid, fleshy, succulent,
whitish with small pale grey pockets at first, soon becoming lilac,
then brown, maturing to dark grey to black pockets of fertile
tissue separated by whitish, sterile veins. Spermatic odour.
Acidic, unpleasant taste. Asci inamyloid, subglobose, sessile
or short-stipitate, 60 – 85 × 50 –70 μm, walls 1– 2 μm thick, with
6 – 8 irregularly disposed spores, randomly arranged in fertile
pockets. Ascospores globose, (18–)18.5–19.5(–20.5) μm diam
(av. = 19 μm) including ornamentation, (13–)13.5–15(–16.5) μm
(av. = 14 μm) without ornamentation, hyaline, smooth and uniguttulate at first, by maturity yellow ochre and ornamented with
cylindrical, conical spines with occasional uncinate tips, blunt,
separate, (2 –) 2.5 – 3.5(– 4) μm long, 1– 2 μm wide at the base.
Ecology & Distribution — Terfezia dunensis grows in coastal
sand dunes, acidic soils, associated with Halimium halimifolium
and Cistus salvifolius, from January to March.
T. fanfani HM056217
100
T. fanfani MF153939
T. cistophila KP728823
73
T. cistophila KP728828
T. lusitanica MG818753
87
83
T. lusitanica MG818754
100
T. dunensis MN438323
T. dunensis MN438324
100
T. dunensis MN438325
T. grisea KP189333
T. grisea KP189330
100
100
T. morenoi HM056223
T. morenoi MG640480
97
Typus. Spain, Huelva, Almonte, in sandy soil with Halimium halimifolium
and Cistus salvifolius, Mar. 2019, D. Luque (holotype MUB Fung-968, ITS
sequence GenBank MN438324, MycoBank MB831972).
T. albida HM056221
99
T. albida HM056220
100
T. pini HM056210
97
Additional materials examined. Spain, Huelva, Almonte, in sandy soil with
Halimium halimifolium and Cistus salvifolius, Jan. 2019, D. Luque, MUB
Fung-967, ITS sequence GenBank MN438323; in sandy soil with Halimium
halimifolium and Cistus salvifolius, Mar. 2019, D. Luque, MUB Fung-969,
ITS sequence GenBank MN438325.
T. pini HM056209
78
T. pseudoleptoderma HM056211
97
T. pseudoleptoderma HM056213
88
T. extremadurensis HM056203
100
94
T. extremadurensis HM056199
T. eliocrocae HM056206
98
T. eliocrocae HM056205
100
T. alsheikhii HQ698100
T. alsheikhii HM056207
100
T. claveryi MN326672
100
99
T. claveryi MN326673
100
T. crassiverrucosa MF940203
93
100
T. crassiverrucosa MF940202
T. canariensis MN314874
71
100
T. canariensis MN317368
T. arenaria MF940177
100
84
T. arenaria MF940175
T. boudieri AF092097
100
T. boudieri AF092096
Peziza sp. JX414200
Cazia flexiascus AY830852
Tirmania nivea FJ197820
100
0.050
Colour illustrations. Spain, Almonte (Huelva), coastal dune in National
Park of Doñana. Ascocarps; mature ascospores; Halimium halimifolium and
Cistus salvifolius plants. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Tirmania pinoyi JF908769
Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree inferred from ITS sequences,
using RAxML-HPC v. 8 (Stamatakis 2014) on XSEDE in the CIPRES science gateway (Miller et al. 2010). GTR + G selected as model of evolution
for analysis. Bootstrap support values (≥ 70 %) are indicated at the nodes.
Cazia AY830852, Peziza JX414200, Tirmania JF908769 and Tirmania
FJ197820 were used as outgroups. The scale bar indicates the expected
changes per site.
Antonio Rodríguez, Alfonso Navarro-Ródenas & Asunción Morte, Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología,
Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
Julio Cabero, Asociación Micológica Zamorana, 49080 Zamora, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
Diego Luque, C/ Severo Daza 31, 41820 Carrión de los Céspedes (Sevilla), Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
412
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Trichoderma aestuarinum
413
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1037 – 18 December 2019
Trichoderma aestuarinum M. Gonçalves & A. Alves, sp. nov.
Notes — Phylogenetic analysis of Trichoderma species based
on the ITS and tef1-α genes provides highest resolution for
identification of species of the genus, particularly in the distinction of species within the Viride clade (Jaklitsch et al. 2006,
Samuels et al. 2006). Based on a megablast search of NCBIs
GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using the ITS
sequence are Trichoderma koningii (GenBank KY788329; Identities = 568/570 (99 %), no gaps), Trichoderma koningiopsis
(GenBank MF116301; Identities = 567/570 (99 %), no gaps)
and Trichoderma sp. (GenBank KP172544; Identities = 567/570
(99 %), no gaps). Closest hits using the tef1-α sequence had
highest similarity to Trichoderma paraviridescens (GenBank
MF782846; Identities = 608/646 (94 %), 18 gaps (2 %)), Trichoderma trixiae (GenBank MF782847; Identities = 605/646 (94 %),
21 gaps (3 %)) and Trichoderma vinosum (GenBank DQ841719;
Identities = 587/624 (94 %), 22 gaps (3 %)). Alignment and tree
were deposited in TreeBASE (TB2:S24289).
Etymology. Named after the environment where the species was collected, namely an estuary.
Classification — Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes.
Mycelium on synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) smooth, hyaline
with aerial hyphae. Chlamydospores infrequent. Conidiation
starting after 7 d, short effuse and predominantly in small
pustules 1–2 mm diam formed mostly in the middle plate. Conidiophores variable, irregular. Phialides solitary or divergent,
(7.7–)13.7(–20.1) × (1.9–)2.5(–3.2) μm (n = 50). Conidia ellipsoid to oblong, green, rough, (4.4–)6.1(–7.4) × (2.6–)3.4(–4.4)
μm (n = 100).
Culture characteristics — Optimum temperature for growth
25 °C. No growth at 35 °C in potato dextrose agar (PDA), corn
meal agar (CMA) and SNA. Colony radius after 2 wk: on PDA,
colonies have 75 mm at 25, 20 and 15 °C; 15 mm at 10 °C and
3 mm at 30 °C; colony circular, dense, margin wavy, surface
whitish, abundant aerial hyphae, absent autolytic excretions,
conidiation pustules and diffusing pigment, odour indistinct, reverse turning slightly yellowish. On CMA, colonies have 75 mm
at 25, 20 and 15 °C; 26 mm at 10 °C and 2 mm at 30 °C; colony
circular, hyaline, dense, aerial hyphae scant, absent autolytic
excretions and diffusing pigment, odour indistinct, conidiation
pustules mainly in periphery, green or grey-green. On SNA,
colonies have 75 mm at 25, 20 and 15 °C; 6 mm at 10 °C
and 3 mm at 30 °C; colony circular, hyaline, dense, with some
aerial hyphae from the middle, absent autolytic excretions and
diffusing pigment, odour indistinct, conidiation pustules green
beginning to form in the centre.
98
Trichoderma paraviridescens CBS 119321
75
Typus. portugal, Ria de Aveiro, from saline water, 2019, M. Gonçalves
(holotype MUM H-19.05, a dried culture sporulating cultures; ex-holotype
living culture MUM 19.05 = CMG 1, ITS, tef1-α and LSU sequences GenBank
MK770830, MK770831 and MN535286, MycoBank MB830732).
Trichoderma trixiae CBS 134702
Trichoderma trixiae GJS 99-11
68
77
Trichoderma viridescens CBS 433.34
Trichoderma nothescens CBS 134882
Trichoderma vinosum GJS 99-183
Trichoderma vinosum CBS 119087
50
99
52
Trichoderma vinosum GJS 99-156
Trichoderma aestuarinum MUM 19.05/CMG 1
100
85
64
99
72
Trichoderma hispanicum CBS 130538
Trichoderma hispanicum CBS 130540
Trichoderma samuelsii CBS 130537
Trichoderma samuelsii S42
Trichoderma junci CBS 120926
Trichoderma neokoningii CBS 120070
Trichoderma gamsii CBS 120072
96
89
Trichoderma gamsii GJS 04-09
Trichoderma gamsii GJS 92-60
Trichoderma koningii CBS 119500
95
Trichoderma koningii CBS 457.96
Trichoderma harzianum CBS 226.95
0 .0 2 0
Colour illustrations. Estuary Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Colony after 2 wk
at 25 °C on PDA, CMA and SNA; conidiation pustules, phialides and conidia
on SNA. Scale bars 10 µm (middle), 2.5 µm (right).
Phylogenetic relationships of some Trichoderma species clade Viride based
on combined ITS and tef1-α sequence data and inferred using the Maximum
Likelihood method under the Kimura 2-parameter model (MEGA7 v.7.0).
The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of
substitutions per site and rooted to Trichoderma harzianum (CBS 226.95).
Bootstrap support values (> 50 %) are shown at the nodes. Ex-type strains
are in bold and the isolate from the current study is in blue.
Micael F.M. Gonçalves & Artur Alves, Departamento de Biologia, CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro,
3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
414
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Tuber lucentum
Fungal Planet description sheets
415
Fungal Planet 1038 – 18 December 2019
Tuber lucentum Bordallo, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet refers to Lucentum, the old Roman name for the
city of Alicante (Spain), the locality where this species was found.
Classification — Pezizaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes.
Ascomata hypogeous, very small globose, round, regular, < 1 cm
diam in size. Exoperidium tomentose white to light cream
and endoperidium pseudoparenchymatic (< 100 µm). Gleba
hyaline, vitrea; forming neither isolated locules nor continuous
labyrinthine loculated gleba. Asci clavate, containing mostly two
spores. Ascospores globose to citriform (40 – 60 µm), by maturity ocher and ornamented with reticulum, mostly pentagonal
or hexagonal, cells 3 µm high.
Habitat, Distribution & Season — Accompanying Terfezia
claveryi, T. crassiverrucosa, and other desert truffles. Grows in
calcareous, alkaline soils from eastern Spain, associated with
Cistaceae plants: Helianthemum violaceum, H. almeriense,
H. syriacum, Fumana thymifolia, etc. Collected in spring (Apr.–
June).
Colour illustrations. Habitat with Helianthemum violaceum, H. syriacum
and Fumana thymifolia. Ascocarps; gleba and mature ascospores (stain
Acidic Fuchsina).
Typus. Spain, Alicante, Moralet, 2017, J.J. Bordallo, (holotype MUB Fungj825, ITS sequence GenBank MN437515, MycoBank MB832580); Paratype
MUB Fung-j866, ITS sequence GenBank MN437516; Paratype MUB Fungj921, ITS sequence GenBank MN437523; Paratype MUB Fung-j922, ITS
sequence GenBank MN437524; Paratype MUB Fung-j923, ITS sequence
GenBank MN437525; Paratype MUB Fung-j956, ITS sequence GenBank
MN437526; Paratype MUB Fung-j957, ITS sequence GenBank MN437527;
Paratype JJ Fung-j966, ITS sequence GenBank MN437528; Paratype JJ
Fung-j970, ITS sequence GenBank MN437530.
Notes — Tuber lucentum is distinguished from T. gennadii
and T. lacunosum based on its very small ascomata, its gleba
lacking isolated locules or continuous labyrinthine locules, and
ITS sequence identity.
The evolutionary history of 22 taxa was inferred using the Maximum Parsimony and the Neighbour-Joining methods. The bootstrap consensus tree
inferred from 500 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of
the taxa analysed. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less
than 50 % bootstrap replicates are collapsed. The percentage of replicate
trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test
(500 replicates) are shown next to the branches. The MP tree was obtained
using the Close-Neighbour-Interchange algorithm with search level 3. The
evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated
from the dataset (Complete Deletion option). There were a total of 487
positions in the final dataset, out of which 114 were parsimony informative.
Maximum Parsimony and the Neighbour-Joining were similar in bootstrap
support. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA 4.
Juan Julián Bordallo, Laboratorio de Investigacion, San Vicente Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
416
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Veloporphyrellus vulpinus
417
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1039 – 18 December 2019
Veloporphyrellus vulpinus T.H.G. Pham, O.V. Morozova, A.V. Alexandrova &
E.S. Popov, sp. nov.
Etymology. The epithet vulpinus (Latin for ‘of or belonging to a fox’) refers
to the reddish brown colour of the basidiomata, like fox fur.
Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes.
Basidiomata small to medium sized, boletoid. Pileus 25‒60 mm
diam, hemispherical to convex; reddish brown to orange brown
(6C7– 8, Kornerup & Wanscher 1978); surface dry, firstly completely fibrillose or tomentose, in mature covered with fibrillose
reddish brown squamules on the paler background; the pileus
margin slightly extending and does not embrace the apex of
the stipe. Hymenophore tubular, adnate-emarginate, depressed
around apex of stipe, 4–10 mm thick, whitish to creme (4A2–3),
unchanging in colour when bruised, pinkish from spores in maturity; pores rounded to angular, 1– 2/mm, with slightly fringed
edge; tubes concolorous with the hymenophore surface. Spore
print brownish pink. Stipe 40–90 × 5–10 mm, cylindrical, usually
significantly broadened up to 20 mm in the basal part, concolorous with the pileal surface; slightly pubescent in the upper part,
white tomentose near the stem base. Context white in pileus,
unchanging, pinkish or turning pink in the stem. Smell faint, taste
bitter. Basidiospores (12–)13–15(–16) × (4.5–)5–6(–6.5) μm,
Q = (2.1–)2.4 – 2.8(– 3.1), fusoid, subfusoid and inequilateral
in side view with weak suprahilar depression, narrowly oblong
to subfusoid in ventral view, yellowish to brownish yellow in
KOH, smooth. Basidia 25–31 × 9–12 μm, 4-spored, sometimes
2-spored, clavate. Cheilocystidia 56 –77 × 8 –11 μm, forming
a sterile edge, cylindrical, septate, thin-walled, consist of 2 – 3
cells, with terminal cells 25 – 38 × 7–12 μm. Pleurocystidia
38 – 65 × 6 – 9 μm, cylindrical, fusiform, subfusoid to narrowly
lageniform, thin-walled, sparse. Hymenophoral trama divergent,
boletoid. Pileipellis a trichoderm, made up of interwoven cylindrical hyphae 2.5 – 4 μm wide with narrowly clavate or fusiform
terminal cells, 29 –75 × 6 –16 μm, sometimes with thickened
walls in the apex; pigment incrusting, in some hyphae zebrastriped (-verrucose) and additionally pale intracellular. Pileal
trama composed of interwoven hyphae 3.5 – 5.5 μm wide.
Stipitipellis hymeniform. Caulocystidia 41– 84 × 9 –12 μm, as
cylindrical, septate hairs with clavate or sometimes rostrate
terminal cells. Clamp connections absent.
Habit, Habitat & Distribution — In groups on soil and dead
wood in primary tropical middle to upper montane evergreen
mixed forests. Known from Vietnam.
Typus. Vietnam, Lam Dong Province, Lac Duong District, Bidoup-Nui Ba
National Park, vicinities of Giang Ly, 12.18061°N, 108.68442°E, 1 500 m alt.,
on soil and dead wood in middle montane mixed forest with the participation of Pinus kempfii, P. dalatensis, 25 May 2014, O.V. Morozova (holotype
LE315544, ITS, tef1α and LSU sequences GenBank MN511177, MN597966
and MN511170, MycoBank MB832742).
Additional materials examined. Vietnam, Lam Dong Province, Lac Duong
District, Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, vicinities of Giang Ly, 12.18442°N,
108.68610°E, 1 520 m alt., on soil in middle montane mixed forest with the participation of Pinus kempfii, P. dalatensis, 2 July 2010, E.S. Popov (LE315549,
ITS sequence GenBank MN511180); ibid., 12.18440°N, 108.68988°E, 1 500 m
alt., on soil in middle montane mixed forest with the participation of Pinus
kempfii, P. dalatensis, 23 May 2014, O.V. Morozova (LE315545); Dak Lak
Province, Krong Bong District, Chu Yang Sin National Park, Krong Kmar, 7 km
northwest of Chu Yang Sin, 12.40856°N, 108.38856°E, 1 530 m alt., on soil
in mountain polydominant rainforest with the participation of Pinus kempfii,
21 May 2014, A.V. Alexandrova (LE315547, ITS, tef1α and LSU sequences
GenBank MN511178, MN597965 and MN511171; ibid., LE315546, ITS and
tef1α sequence GenBank MN511179 and MN597964).
Notes — The genus Veloporphyrellus was originally described based on V. pantoleucus from Costa Rica (Gómez & Singer
1984). It is characterised by the whitish to pink tubular hymenophore, the pinkish to brownish pink spore print, the smooth,
elongate to fusiform basidiospores, trichodermial pileipellis and
the extending membranous veil remnants on the pileus margin
which often embraces the apex of the stipe (Wu et al. 2016). Li
et al. (2014) considered the genus as monophyletic. However,
in the work of Wu et al. (2016) its monophyly was questioned
because species of this genus nested into two clades. Considering the morphological similarities and following latest work
(Wu et al. 2016) we treat our new species as Veloporphyrellus
until further data are available.
The closest species is V. gracilioides, from which the new
species differs by the brighter reddish- or orange-brown colour
of the basidiomata and less developed pileus margin. Due to
macromorphology V. vulpinus resembles Austroboletus gracilis,
with the exception of the non-reticulate stipe surface. But like
other Austroboletus species A. gracilis possesses ornamented
pitted spores, while the spores of Veloporphyrellus are smooth.
Colour illustrations. Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov., Lac Duong Dist., BidoupNui Ba National Park, vicinities of Giang Ly, middle montane mixed forest
with the participation of Pinus kempfii. Spores; SEM photos of spores;
cheilocystidia; pileipellis; pleurocystidia; caulocystidia; basidiomata in situ
(all from holotype); cross section of the basidioma (from LE315547). Scale
bars = 1 cm (basidiomata), 10 µm (microstructures).
Thi Ha Giang Pham, Saint Petersburg State Forestry University, 194021, 5U Institutsky Str., Saint Petersburg, Russia /
Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam; e-mail: [email protected]
Olga V. Morozova & Eugene S. Popov, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Str. 2, RUS-197376,
Saint Petersburg, Russia / Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam;
e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
Alina V. Alexandrova, Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119234, 1, 12 Leninskie Gory Str., Moscow, Russia /
Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam / Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
6 Miklouho-Maclay Str., 117198, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
418
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Venturia submersa
419
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1040 – 18 December 2019
Venturia submersa Iturrieta-González, Gené, Dania García, sp. nov.
Etymology. Referring to the fungus growing on submerged plant debris.
Classification — Venturiaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes.
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, subhyaline to pale olivaceous, smooth-walled 2–5 µm diam hyphae. Conidiophores
mononematous, growing laterally on hyphae, micronematous,
reduced to a conidiogenous cell, or macronematous, erect,
unbranched, more rarely branched, subcylindrical, pale olivaceous, smooth-walled, up to 30 µm long. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, polyblastic, with up to three denticle-like conidiogenous loci, smooth-walled, pale olivaceous, 11–24 × 2–4 µm,
forming conidia in simple or branched acropetal chains. Ramoconidia 0(–1)-septate, cylindrical, with truncate base, up to three
terminal or subterminal conidiogenous loci, smooth-walled, pale
olivaceous, 13 – 24 × 2 – 4 µm. Conidia fusiform, ellipsoidal or
cylindrical, 0(– 2)-septate, pale olivaceous, smooth-walled,
7–15 × 3– 4(– 5) µm. Sexual morph not observed.
Culture characteristics at 25 °C in 2 wk — Colonies on
potato dextrose agar (PDA) reaching 9 mm diam, grey (4F1),
velvety, umbonate, aerial mycelium scarce, regular margin;
reverse black. On potato carrot agar (PCA) reaching 8 –10
mm, brownish grey (4F2), velvety, flat, aerial mycelium scarce,
regular margin; reverse black. On oatmeal agar (OA) reaching
8–10 mm diam, grey (4F1), velvety, flat, aerial mycelium scarce,
regular margin; reverse dark brown (6F8).
Cardinal temperature for growth — Minimum 5 °C, optimum
20 °C, maximum 25 °C.
Typus. Spain, Segovia, Riaza, on submerged plant debris, May 2018,
I. Iturrieta-González, V. Magaña-Dueñas & D. García (holotype CBS H-24081,
cultures ex-type FMR 17405; ITS and LSU sequences GenBank LR536046
and LR536048, MycoBank MB831789).
Notes — Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank
nucleotide database, the LSU sequence of Venturia submersa
showed a similarity of 99.77 % (857/859) with the sequence of
V. barriae (CBS 621.84, GenBank EU035431) and of 99.42 %
(854/859) with that of V. hystrioides (CBS 117727, GenBank
0.02
Colour illustrations. Riaza, Segovia, Spain. Colony sporulating on PCA
after 2 wk at 25 °C; conidiophores and conidia after 10 d. Scale bars 10 mm
(colony), 10 µm (microscopic structures).
EU035459); while the ITS sequence was 96.44 % (488/506)
similar with that of the latter species (CBS 117727, GenBank
EU035459) and 95.46 % (484/ 507) with V. barriae (CBS
621.84, GenBank EU035431). The phylogenetic reconstruction using ITS barcodes of different accepted Venturia species,
including the type V. inaequalis, showed that the new species
was located in an unsupported clade together with V. barriae,
V. hystrioides, V. inopina, V. populina, V. tremulae and V. saliciperda, being closely related with the former two species.
Venturia barriae, formerly Fusicladium fagi, and V. hystrioides,
formerly Capronia hystrioides, were described from decaying
leaves of Fagus sylvatica and from scar of cherry fruit, respectively (Dugan et al. 1995, Crous et al. 2007c, Rossman et al.
2015). Morphologically, our new species differs from V. barriae
in having longer conidiophores (up to 30 µm long vs up to 15 µm
long in V. barriae), commonly aseptate and shorter conidia
(7–15 µm vs up to 40 µm in V. barriae), and slower growth on
PDA after 4 wk in darkness (23 mm in V. submersa vs 50 mm
at 25 °C in V. barriae). Venturia hystrioides differs from V. submersa in the absence of macronematous conidiophores, larger
ramoconidia (up to 30 µm long) with more septa (0 – 3), and by
its more rapid growth on PDA and OA (reaching 40 mm after
2 wk at 25 °C in dark) (Crous et al. 2007c).
EU035459 V. hystrioides CBS 117727 T
EU035431 V. barriae CBS 621.84 T
LR536046 V. submersa FMR 17405 T
EU035471 V. saliciperda CBS 480.61
EU035438 V. tremulae CBS 112625
AY177406 V. inopina MYA 2852 T
EU035467 V. populina CBS 256.38
KU220965 V. fuliginosa CGMCC 3.18370 T
EU035456 V. ditricha CBS 118894
HQ434393 V. nashicola OYO-1
81 / 0.99
HQ434425 V. pirina 38995
EU035427 V. catenospora CBS 447.91 T
KU220964 V. catenospora BJFU 140822-1
73 / 1
EU282478 V. inaequalis CBS 476.61
Venturia
EU282477 V. inaequalis CBS 595.70
87 / 0.99
EU035476 V. viennotii CBS 690.85
EU035462 V. macularis CBS 477.61
99 / 1 KF793778 V. macularis CBS 689.85
EU035448 V. atriseda CBS 371.55
99 / 1
EU035466 V. polygoni-vivipari CBS 114207
EU035461 V. lonicerae CBS 445.54
KP689596 V. chinensis CGMCC 3.17685 T
EU035458 V. helvetica CBS 474.61
EU035464 V. minuta CBS 478.61
82 / EU035453 V. chlorospora CBS 466.61
KU985131 V. martianoffiana CGMCC 3.18376
KU985132 V. martianoffiana CGMCC 3.18377
99 / 1
KU985133 V. phaeosepta CGMCC 3.18368 T
- / 0.99 KU985135 V. phaeosepta CGMCC 3.18373
EU035424 F. africanum CBS 121640 T
HQ599600 F. eucalypti CBS 128216 T
72 / - / 0.99
Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the analysis of ITS sequences of
the genus Venturia. The alignment included 502 bp and was performed with
ClustalW. Both the alignment and tree for ML were constructed with MEGA
v. 6 software (Tamura et al. 2013) and Bayesian Inference (BI) approaches
under MrBayes v. 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Kimura 2-parameters with
Gamma distribution (K2+G) was used as the best nucleotide substitution
model for ML and Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano with Gamma distribution (HKY+G)
for BI. Bootstrap support values for ML greater than 70 % and Bayesian
posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 are given near nodes. The new
species proposed in this study is indicated in bold face. A superscript T
denotes ex-type cultures.
Isabel Iturrieta-González, Josepa Gené & Dania García, Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV),
Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
420
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
Apenidiella antarctica
421
Fungal Planet description sheets
Fungal Planet 1041 – 18 December 2019
Apenidiella antarctica Ivanushkina, Kochkina, Vasilenko & Ozerskaya, sp. nov.
Etymology. Named after Antarctica, where the fungus was collected.
Classification — Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes.
Typus. antarctica, Russkaya Station (S74°45'48" W136°47'47", altitude
76 m), hole A8/08, depth 1.3 –1.4 m, isolated from permafrost, N. Ivanushkina (holotype VKM H-0001, ex-type culture VKM F-4540, SSU/ITS/LSU
sequence GenBank MK770828.1, MycoBank MB830584).
Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth to warty,
hyaline to pale olivaceous, 1–4 μm wide hyphae. Conidiophores
solitary, erect, arising from superficial mycelium, macronematous, subcylindrical, straight to slightly curved, subcylindrical
throughout, 30 –100 × 2.5 – 4.5 μm, 0 – 6-septate, medium to
dark brown, paler towards the apex, smooth, wall ≤ 0.75 μm
diam, penicillate apex formed by a terminal conidiogenous cell
giving rise to a single set of ramoconidia. Conidiogenous cells
terminal, rarely intercalary integrated, subcylindrical, straight to
curved, 8 – 30 × 2.5 – 4.5 μm, pale brown, thin-walled, smooth,
with several (–10) terminal and intercalary conidiogenous loci,
thickened and darkened, scars protuberant, 1–1.5 μm diam.
Conidia in short (– 5), dense penicillate, acropetal chains,
ramoconidia subcylindrical, with 1– 3 terminal loci, olivaceous
brown, smooth, 11–12.5 × 3.5 – 4.5(– 5) μm; secondary conidia
ellipsoid to obovoid, (7–)8.5 –10(–11) × (3.5 –) 4 – 5.5(– 6) μm,
hila not thickened or almost so to somewhat thickened and
darkened, not refractive, 1 μm diam.
Culture characteristics — (in the dark, PDA, 25 °C after 1 mo).
Colonies olivaceous grey, dense, aerial mycelium abundant,
felty to woolly, growth regular, low convex with an elevated colony centre, sometimes forming few large prominent exudates,
reverse iron-grey, margin almost colourless, regular, colonies
fertile; colonies reaching 20 – 22 mm diam (at 25 °C), 26 – 29
mm diam (at 20 °C), 20 – 21 mm diam (at 15 °C), 2 – 3 mm
diam (at 5 °C), no growth (at 30 °C).
Notes — Apenidiella antarctica is the second member of the
genus Apenidiella (Crous et al. 2007a, Quaedvlieg et al. 2014).
Based on a megablast search of NCBIs GenBank nucleotide
database, the closest hits using the ITS sequence are Apenidiella strumelloidea (GenBank NR_145090.1; Identities = 547/
564 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Cercosporella dolichandrae (GenBank NR_156282.1; Identities = 489/574 (85 %), 32 gaps
(5 %)), Hortaea thailandica (GenBank GU214637.1; Identities = 491/578 (85 %), 26 gaps (4 %)). Closest hits using
the partial LSU sequence are Apenidiella strumelloidea (GenBank EU019277.1; Identities = 800/805 (99 %), no gaps),
Microcyclospora tardicrescens (GenBank MH875507.1; Identities = 778/806 (97 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), M. pomicola (GenBank
MH875506.1 with the same statistics), and Microcyclospora
malicola (GenBank MH875503.1; Identities = 775/806 (96 %),
2 gaps (0 %)). Closest hits using the contiguous tandem ITS
plus LSU (including D1-D3 domains) sequence are Apenidiella
strumelloidea (GenBank EU019277.1; Identities = 1345/1367
(98 %), 2 gaps (0 %)), Eupenidiella venezuelensis (GenBank
EU019277.1; Identities = 1228 /1351 (91 %), 29 gaps (2 %)),
Teratoramularia kirschneriana (GenBank GU214669.1; Identities = 1210/1343 (90 %), 26 gaps (1 %)). Apenidiella antarctica
differs morphologically from A. strumelloidea VKM F-2534T
(= CBS 114484T) in having numerous loci aggregated or spread
over the whole conidiogenous cell, short and little branched
conidial chains, and wider, not curved conidia.
Verrucocladosporium dirinae CBS 112794 EU040244.1
100
Toxicocladosporium irritans CBS 185.58 EU040243.2
Cladosporium ossifragi CBS 842.91 EF679381.2
85
Cladosporium iridis CBS 138.40 EU167591.1
100
Cladosporium antarcticum CBS 690.92 EF679334.2
Ramularia acroptili CBS 120252 GU214689.1
85
100
26
Ramularia stellariicola CPC 11297 GU214693.1
87
Ramularia proteae CBS 112161 EU707899.2
Xenoramularia polygonicola CPC 10852 GU214695.1
24
100
Zymoseptoria tritici CBS 100335 EU019297.2
Mycosphaerella stromatosa CBS 101953 EU167598.2
77
56
Exutisphaerella laricina CBS 326.52 EU167595.1
Pseudocercospora cercidicola CBS 132041 MH878238.1
Cercospora beticola CPC 11557 AY840527.2
91
99
Zasmidium cerophilum CBS 103.59 AF050286.1
Epicoleosporium ramularioides CPC 10672 GU214688.1
77
Teratoramularia kirschneriana CBS 113093 GU214669.1
29
Staninwardia suttonii CPC 13055 DQ923535.2
Apenidiella antarctica VKM F-4540 MK770828.1
44
100
43
Apenidiella strumelloidea CBS 114484 EU019277.1
Batcheloromyces proteae CBS 110696 JF746163.1
76
88
Stenella araguata CBS 105.75 EU019250.2
Eupenidiella venezuelensis CBS 106.75 EU019278.1
70
Neocatenulostroma microsporum CBS 101951 EU167572.1
69
Constantinomyces oldenburgensis T2.1 LT976552.1
Saccharata capensis CBS 122693 EU552130.1
0.05
Colour illustrations. David Gilichinsky at the Russkaya Station in Marie
Byrd Land, Antarctica, busy sampling via the dry drilling technique. Colonies
on PDA; conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from ITS+LSU sequences
performed with MEGA-Х (Kumar et al. 2018) using the Kimura 2-parameter
model. Bootstrap support values (500 replicates) are shown at the nodes. The
new species described in this study is marked with the black circle, where as
white ones mark the known members of Teratosphaeriaceae, white squares
mark Mycosphaerellaceae and triangles mark Cladosporiaceae. Saccharata
capensis represents the outgroup. The alignment and tree are deposited in
TreeBASE (S24413).
Nataliya E. Ivanushkina, Galina A. Kochkina, Oleg V. Vasilenko & Svetlana M. Ozerskaya, All-Russian collection of microorganisms (VKM), IBPM RAS,
prospect Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]
© 2019 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
422
Persoonia – Volume 43, 2019
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