Skip to main content

Edgard Yerena

Universidad Simón Bolívar, Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Faculty Member

Followers

382

Following

158

Co-authors

10

Mentions

1

Public Views

Biologist (Simon Bolivar University 1985), Lawyer (Central de Venezuela University 2005), Master in Science Biology (SimonBolivar University 1992). I have been uninterruptedly working in protected areas planning, management, environmental policy and law since 1981. Responsible for the technical reports leading to the designations and extension of 16 National Parks/Natural Monument in Venezuela (National Institute of Parks, 1985-1993). In the same period lead the formulation and public consultation of management plans and regulations for 17 National Parks/Natural Monuments. Proposed a partially adopted interconnected system of protected areas in Los Andes Cordillera and the Coastal Cordillera in Venezuela. Lead the projects for the biological corridor of Sierra de Portuguesa, Paria-Tueruepano NPs interconnection and the Marine Corridor between La Orchila and the Netherlands Antilles. Focal point for the World Commission of Protected Areas in Venezuela.
Supervisors: Alicia Villamizar

less

InterestsView All (23)

Uploads

Papers by Edgard Yerena

Recognize diverse approaches to area-based conservation of nature

The areas of state-designated PAs and other forms of conservation add up to more than the total a... more

VOL 1 - Situación de los espacios universitarios de conservación ambiental en Venezuela

Aut. Corporativo: The World Conservation Union [IUCN]

orton.catie.ac.cr

Akiwumi, Paul; Ali, Ibrahim; Aloo, Peninah; Arudo, T. Q; Bagine, Richard; Bennun, Leon; Birnie, A... more

Supplemental materials for preprint: Recognize diverse approaches to area-based conservation of nature

Registro histórico de la presencia del oso frontino (Tremarctos ornatus) en las cercanías de Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Sep 30, 2022

Historical record of the presence of the Spectacled Bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in the vicinity of ... more

08-010 EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREAS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR , TREMARCTOS ORNATUS , THROUGHOUT ITS DISTRIBUTION Systematic Review Protocol

of protected areas for the conservation of the Andean bear, Tremarctos ornatus, throughout its di... more

Extension of the known geographic distribution of Atelopus Eruciger in northern Venezuela

Herpetotropicos, 2007

A new locality is reported for Atelopus cruciger in the Interior Serrania of the Coastal Cordille... more A new locality is reported for Atelopus cruciger in the Interior Serrania of the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela, based on field observations in a cloud forest of Guatopo national park in 1984. This is evidence of a broader geographical distribution for the species. The need to expand herpetological surveys to the rest of the Cordillera, given it is a "critically endangered" species which could be present in other localities, is stressed. It is highlighted the importance of Guatopo as a protected area for this species and the need to check its persistence in the park.

Recognize diverse approaches to area-based conservation of nature

The areas of state-designated PAs and other forms of conservation add up to more than the total a... more

Geospatial data from: Connectivity of Protected Areas: Effect of Human Pressure and Subnational Contributions in the Ecoregions of Tropical Andean Countries

The dataset contains four folders with shapefiles (collection of four separate files to be opened... more

Elementos botánicos de la dieta del Oso Andino Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora: Ursidae) en el Parque Nacional El Tamá, estado Táchira, Venezuela

We report 34 species of plants, pteridophytes and spermatophytes, that are consumed by the Andean... more We report 34 species of plants, pteridophytes and spermatophytes, that are consumed by the Andean Bear in the cloud forest and sub-páramo surroundings of Betania, El Tamá National Park, Venezuela, providing some important considerations to the knowledge of the ecology and conservation of this species.<br>

Efectividad de las áreas protegidas para la conservación del oso andino ( Tremarctos ornatus ) en los andes suramericanos

Utilizando el enfoque de revisión sistemática, se evaluó la efectividad de las áreas protegidas p... more Utilizando el enfoque de revisión sistemática, se evaluó la efectividad de las áreas protegidas para preservar las poblaciones de oso andino, reducir su cacería y la pérdida y degradación de su hábitat a lo largo de la cordillera de los Andes. Se realizó una búsqueda extensiva y sistemática de información en tres tipos de fuentes: instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales tanto nacionales como internacionales; investigadores, estudiantes, técnicos con experiencia en la especie; y bases de datos de buscadores electrónicos. De 10.206 referencias localizadas, para la revisión se eligió 45 artículos de los cinco países andinos. La mayor parte provino de Venezuela (23,9%) y Perú (19,6%), seguidos por Ecuador (17,4%), Colombia (15,2%) y Bolivia (13%). La evidencia encontrada fue muy escasa para determinar el grado de impacto de las áreas protegidas sobre la conservación de la especie. La evaluación cualitativa sugiere que las áreas protegidas no parecen estar siendo efectivas para la conservación del oso andino. El meta-análisis indicó un efecto positivo leve (magnitud del efecto total = 0,32), lo cual indica que las áreas protegidas tienen poco efecto en favorecer al oso andino. Con respecto a la cacería, el efecto resultó negativo (magnitud del efecto total = - 0,25), sugiriendo que las áreas protegidas no son efectivas para aminorarla. Respecto a si las áreas protegidas son efectivas para proteger el hábitat del oso andino, la evidencia indica tendencias opuestas pero el efecto conjunto de los estudios analizados (magnitud del efecto total = 0,43), señala que éstas han favorecido el mantenimiento y/o recuperación de la cobertura vegetal, aunque sus márgenes y/o zonas de amortiguamiento han sido degradadas.

Factors affecting poaching risk to Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela: Space, parks, and people

Oryx

Worldwide, many largemammals are threatened by poaching. However, understanding the causes of poa... more Worldwide, many largemammals are threatened by poaching. However, understanding the causes of poaching is difficult when both hunter and hunted are elusive. One alternative is to apply regression models to opportunistically- collected data but doing so without accounting for inherent biases may result in misleading conclusions. To demonstrate a straightforward method to account for such biases, and to guide further research on an elusive Vulnerable species, we visualized spatio-temporal poaching patterns in 844 Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus presence reports from the Cordillera deMe ´rida,Venezuela.Tocreatemapsofpoachingriskwefitted two logistic regression models to a subset of 287 precisely georeferenced reports, one ignoring and one including spatial autocorrelation. Whereas the variance explained by both modelswas low, the second had better fit and predictive ability, and indicated that protected status had a significant positive effect on reducing poaching risk. Poaching risk increased at lower altitudes, where all indicators of human disturbance increased, although there was scant evidence that human-bear conflicts are amajor direct trigger of poaching events. Because highest-risk areas were different from areas with most bear reports, we speculate that huntingmay be driven by opportu- nistic encounters, rather than by purposeful searches in high- quality bear habitat. Further research comparing risk maps with bear abundancemodels and data on poaching behaviour will be invaluable for clarifying poaching causes and for identifyingmanagement strategies.

The mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) and Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus): two charismatic, large mammals in South American tropical montane cloud forests

Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

Combining threat and occurrence models to predict potential ecological traps for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela

Animal Conservation, 2014

ABSTRACT Ecological traps occur when rapid environmental change makes organisms&#39; habitat ... more ABSTRACT Ecological traps occur when rapid environmental change makes organisms&#39; habitat selection cues misleading and leads them to prefer poor quality habitats. Such traps can threaten the persistence of affected populations, so techniques to predict and map potential traps are of great conservation interest. Here we present a novel method for visualizing such traps and their uncertainty at large scales in a natural landscape, by combining a spatially explicit model of anthropogenic threats with one of occurrence probability. We began with poaching and occurrence data for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela, and applied a partitioning procedure to generate 10 replicates of three partially independent data subsets. To the first subset, we fit a previously developed model of poaching probability, while we used the second and third subsets to fit, validate and select the best of four occurrence probability models. We then combined replicates of the poaching probability model with those of the best occurrence probability model to predict the spatial distribution and uncertainty of potential ecological traps. The best occurrence model predicted high probabilities in the center and in the northern parts of Cordillera de Mérida, with variation among replicates in the same areas. Predicted areas of occurrence covered 10 217 ± 2762 km2 (24%) of the study area. However, more than a third of this area had a high probability of being an ecological trap. Furthermore, these potential ecological traps were next to or within the largest national parks and were surrounded by large areas with high occurrence probability and low poaching probability. Future research should focus on independent verification of potential occupancy and ecological traps, as well as on bear dispersal behavior. In areas where ecological traps are confirmed, targeted education and law enforcement will be most effective, while in confirmed safe harbor areas, increasing connectivity will be equally important. Our approach will be useful to identify potential ecological traps at the landscape level created by hunting and other human activities elsewhere in the world.

Guatopo National Park: relocation of settlers in the interest of public utility

Corredores ecológicos en los Andes de Venezuela

Parques Nacionales y Conservacion Ambiental-FP ( …, 1994

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

Protected areas for the Andean bear in South America

Ursus, 1998

Abstract: The Andean bear (Tremarctos omatus) has a human-induced fragmented distribution along t... more

Ada Sánchez-Mercado

for the conservation of the Andean bear in his range Systematic review N ° 57 Reviewer(s)

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW NO. 47 WORKING TITLE: EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREAS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR, TREMARCTUS ORNATUS DRAFT REVIEW PROTOCOL Lead Reviewer: Assistant reviewers

This is a draft protocol for consultation. Additional work is in progress. Please do not quote th... more This is a draft protocol for consultation. Additional work is in progress. Please do not quote this document or any part therein without prior consent of the authors. 1COVER SHEET Title Working title: Effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of the Andean bear Systematic review N ° 47 Reviewer(s) Data draft protocol published on website Data final protocol published on website Data of most recent amendment Data of most recent SUBSTANTIVE amendment Details of most recent changes Contact address

All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Balancing Conservation and Development in Venezuela's Frontier Forests

An academic directory and search engine.

Recognize diverse approaches to area-based conservation of nature

The areas of state-designated PAs and other forms of conservation add up to more than the total a... more

VOL 1 - Situación de los espacios universitarios de conservación ambiental en Venezuela

Aut. Corporativo: The World Conservation Union [IUCN]

orton.catie.ac.cr

Akiwumi, Paul; Ali, Ibrahim; Aloo, Peninah; Arudo, T. Q; Bagine, Richard; Bennun, Leon; Birnie, A... more

Supplemental materials for preprint: Recognize diverse approaches to area-based conservation of nature

Registro histórico de la presencia del oso frontino (Tremarctos ornatus) en las cercanías de Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, Sep 30, 2022

Historical record of the presence of the Spectacled Bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in the vicinity of ... more

08-010 EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREAS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR , TREMARCTOS ORNATUS , THROUGHOUT ITS DISTRIBUTION Systematic Review Protocol

of protected areas for the conservation of the Andean bear, Tremarctos ornatus, throughout its di... more

Extension of the known geographic distribution of Atelopus Eruciger in northern Venezuela

Herpetotropicos, 2007

A new locality is reported for Atelopus cruciger in the Interior Serrania of the Coastal Cordille... more A new locality is reported for Atelopus cruciger in the Interior Serrania of the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela, based on field observations in a cloud forest of Guatopo national park in 1984. This is evidence of a broader geographical distribution for the species. The need to expand herpetological surveys to the rest of the Cordillera, given it is a "critically endangered" species which could be present in other localities, is stressed. It is highlighted the importance of Guatopo as a protected area for this species and the need to check its persistence in the park.

Recognize diverse approaches to area-based conservation of nature

The areas of state-designated PAs and other forms of conservation add up to more than the total a... more

Geospatial data from: Connectivity of Protected Areas: Effect of Human Pressure and Subnational Contributions in the Ecoregions of Tropical Andean Countries

The dataset contains four folders with shapefiles (collection of four separate files to be opened... more

Elementos botánicos de la dieta del Oso Andino Tremarctos ornatus (Carnivora: Ursidae) en el Parque Nacional El Tamá, estado Táchira, Venezuela

We report 34 species of plants, pteridophytes and spermatophytes, that are consumed by the Andean... more We report 34 species of plants, pteridophytes and spermatophytes, that are consumed by the Andean Bear in the cloud forest and sub-páramo surroundings of Betania, El Tamá National Park, Venezuela, providing some important considerations to the knowledge of the ecology and conservation of this species.<br>

Efectividad de las áreas protegidas para la conservación del oso andino ( Tremarctos ornatus ) en los andes suramericanos

Utilizando el enfoque de revisión sistemática, se evaluó la efectividad de las áreas protegidas p... more Utilizando el enfoque de revisión sistemática, se evaluó la efectividad de las áreas protegidas para preservar las poblaciones de oso andino, reducir su cacería y la pérdida y degradación de su hábitat a lo largo de la cordillera de los Andes. Se realizó una búsqueda extensiva y sistemática de información en tres tipos de fuentes: instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales tanto nacionales como internacionales; investigadores, estudiantes, técnicos con experiencia en la especie; y bases de datos de buscadores electrónicos. De 10.206 referencias localizadas, para la revisión se eligió 45 artículos de los cinco países andinos. La mayor parte provino de Venezuela (23,9%) y Perú (19,6%), seguidos por Ecuador (17,4%), Colombia (15,2%) y Bolivia (13%). La evidencia encontrada fue muy escasa para determinar el grado de impacto de las áreas protegidas sobre la conservación de la especie. La evaluación cualitativa sugiere que las áreas protegidas no parecen estar siendo efectivas para la conservación del oso andino. El meta-análisis indicó un efecto positivo leve (magnitud del efecto total = 0,32), lo cual indica que las áreas protegidas tienen poco efecto en favorecer al oso andino. Con respecto a la cacería, el efecto resultó negativo (magnitud del efecto total = - 0,25), sugiriendo que las áreas protegidas no son efectivas para aminorarla. Respecto a si las áreas protegidas son efectivas para proteger el hábitat del oso andino, la evidencia indica tendencias opuestas pero el efecto conjunto de los estudios analizados (magnitud del efecto total = 0,43), señala que éstas han favorecido el mantenimiento y/o recuperación de la cobertura vegetal, aunque sus márgenes y/o zonas de amortiguamiento han sido degradadas.

Factors affecting poaching risk to Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela: Space, parks, and people

Oryx

Worldwide, many largemammals are threatened by poaching. However, understanding the causes of poa... more Worldwide, many largemammals are threatened by poaching. However, understanding the causes of poaching is difficult when both hunter and hunted are elusive. One alternative is to apply regression models to opportunistically- collected data but doing so without accounting for inherent biases may result in misleading conclusions. To demonstrate a straightforward method to account for such biases, and to guide further research on an elusive Vulnerable species, we visualized spatio-temporal poaching patterns in 844 Andean bear Tremarctos ornatus presence reports from the Cordillera deMe ´rida,Venezuela.Tocreatemapsofpoachingriskwefitted two logistic regression models to a subset of 287 precisely georeferenced reports, one ignoring and one including spatial autocorrelation. Whereas the variance explained by both modelswas low, the second had better fit and predictive ability, and indicated that protected status had a significant positive effect on reducing poaching risk. Poaching risk increased at lower altitudes, where all indicators of human disturbance increased, although there was scant evidence that human-bear conflicts are amajor direct trigger of poaching events. Because highest-risk areas were different from areas with most bear reports, we speculate that huntingmay be driven by opportu- nistic encounters, rather than by purposeful searches in high- quality bear habitat. Further research comparing risk maps with bear abundancemodels and data on poaching behaviour will be invaluable for clarifying poaching causes and for identifyingmanagement strategies.

The mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) and Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus): two charismatic, large mammals in South American tropical montane cloud forests

Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

Combining threat and occurrence models to predict potential ecological traps for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela

Animal Conservation, 2014

ABSTRACT Ecological traps occur when rapid environmental change makes organisms&#39; habitat ... more ABSTRACT Ecological traps occur when rapid environmental change makes organisms&#39; habitat selection cues misleading and leads them to prefer poor quality habitats. Such traps can threaten the persistence of affected populations, so techniques to predict and map potential traps are of great conservation interest. Here we present a novel method for visualizing such traps and their uncertainty at large scales in a natural landscape, by combining a spatially explicit model of anthropogenic threats with one of occurrence probability. We began with poaching and occurrence data for Andean bears in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela, and applied a partitioning procedure to generate 10 replicates of three partially independent data subsets. To the first subset, we fit a previously developed model of poaching probability, while we used the second and third subsets to fit, validate and select the best of four occurrence probability models. We then combined replicates of the poaching probability model with those of the best occurrence probability model to predict the spatial distribution and uncertainty of potential ecological traps. The best occurrence model predicted high probabilities in the center and in the northern parts of Cordillera de Mérida, with variation among replicates in the same areas. Predicted areas of occurrence covered 10 217 ± 2762 km2 (24%) of the study area. However, more than a third of this area had a high probability of being an ecological trap. Furthermore, these potential ecological traps were next to or within the largest national parks and were surrounded by large areas with high occurrence probability and low poaching probability. Future research should focus on independent verification of potential occupancy and ecological traps, as well as on bear dispersal behavior. In areas where ecological traps are confirmed, targeted education and law enforcement will be most effective, while in confirmed safe harbor areas, increasing connectivity will be equally important. Our approach will be useful to identify potential ecological traps at the landscape level created by hunting and other human activities elsewhere in the world.

Guatopo National Park: relocation of settlers in the interest of public utility

Corredores ecológicos en los Andes de Venezuela

Parques Nacionales y Conservacion Ambiental-FP ( …, 1994

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

Protected areas for the Andean bear in South America

Ursus, 1998

Abstract: The Andean bear (Tremarctos omatus) has a human-induced fragmented distribution along t... more

Ada Sánchez-Mercado

for the conservation of the Andean bear in his range Systematic review N ° 57 Reviewer(s)

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW NO. 47 WORKING TITLE: EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREAS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ANDEAN BEAR, TREMARCTUS ORNATUS DRAFT REVIEW PROTOCOL Lead Reviewer: Assistant reviewers

This is a draft protocol for consultation. Additional work is in progress. Please do not quote th... more This is a draft protocol for consultation. Additional work is in progress. Please do not quote this document or any part therein without prior consent of the authors. 1COVER SHEET Title Working title: Effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of the Andean bear Systematic review N ° 47 Reviewer(s) Data draft protocol published on website Data final protocol published on website Data of most recent amendment Data of most recent SUBSTANTIVE amendment Details of most recent changes Contact address

All That Glitters Is Not Gold: Balancing Conservation and Development in Venezuela's Frontier Forests

An academic directory and search engine.

Planificación a una escala geográfica menor: Planificación para la Conservación de Áreas

by Edgard Yerena and Jorge Luis Padrón

Resumen de la aplicación de la metodología de planificación de conservación de la biodiversidad d... more Resumen de la aplicación de la metodología de planificación de conservación de la biodiversidad de The Nature Conservancy (Granizo, T. Molina, M.E. Secaira, E. Herrera, B. Benítez, S. Maldonado, O. Libby, M. Arroyo, P. Isola, S.Castro, M. 2006. Manual de Planificación para la Conservación de Áreas, PCA. TNC y USAID. Quito.) al caso de los parques nacionales Península de Paria y Turuépano, en Venezuela.

Propuesta de reglamentación, modificación de linderos y conectividad para la conservación de la diversidad biológica de los parques nacionales Península de Paria y Turuépano, Estado Sucre, Venezuela

En el marco de un proyecto financiado por The Nature Conservancy para definir prioridades de cons... more En el marco de un proyecto financiado por The Nature Conservancy para definir prioridades de conservación de la biodiversidad en la fachada Atlántica de Venezuela, se proponen medidas de reglamentación, de modificación de límites para los parques nacionales Turuépano y Península de Paria, en el estado Sucre, Venezuela. Además se propone un corredor de conectividad entre ambos.

The mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) and Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus): two charismatic, large mammals in South American tropical montane cloud forests

In Bruijnzeel, L.A. Scatena, F.N. Hamilton, L.S. (Eds.): Tropical Montane Cloud Forest: science for conservation and management.

Venezuelan System of National Parks: an approximate assesment of its current situation

Mapa Anexo - Corredores Ecologicos en Los Andes de Venezuela

Corredores Ecologicos en Los Andes de Venezuela.

No.. 4, Serie Parques Nacionales y Conservacion Ambiental. Stephan y Thora Amend (editores). Fundacion Polar. Editorial Torino, Caracas. p. xi+186+1 mapa plegable: 12 figuras, 7 cuadros, 26 fotos. , 1994

En el sistema de conservación propuesto , el mantenimiento del 14 gradiente completo de ecosistem... more

Venezuelan Amazonia: at an environmental crossroad

Chapter 5 in: Cooper, J & Hunefeldt, C (editores). Amazonia. Environment and the Law in Amazonia – A Plurilateral Encounter. Latin America Studies Series: Society, Politics and Culture. Sussex Academic. 292 p. , 2013

The Implementation of an Interconnected System of Protected Areas in the Venezuelan Andes

An assesement of the design and implementatino of the interconnected system (corridors) of protec... more

Objetos de Conservación: la expresión de la biodiversidad

Criterios empleados para la selección de los Objetos de Conservación empleados en el estudio de p... more Criterios empleados para la selección de los Objetos de Conservación empleados en el estudio de planificación ecorregional para seleccionar las prioridades de conservación en el Caribe venezolano. Capitulo de Klein E. (editor). 2008. Prioridades de PDVSA en la Conservación de la Biodiversidad en el Caribe Venezolano. Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. - Universidad Simón Bolívar - The Nature Conservancy. Caracas, Venezuela. 72 p

Coastal and Marine Conservation Priorities in Venezuela

Coastal and marine conservation priorities areas are defined using The Nature Conservancy's Cons... more

Efectividad de las Areas Protegidas para la Conservación del Oso Andino (Tremarctos ornatus) en Los Andes suramericanos

Utilizando el enfoque de revisión sistemática, se evaluó la efectividad de las áreas protegidas p... more Utilizando el enfoque de revisión sistemática, se evaluó la efectividad
de las áreas protegidas para preservar las poblaciones de oso andino,
reducir su cacería y la pérdida y degradación de su hábitat a lo largo de la cordillera de los Andes. Se realizó una búsqueda extensiva y sistemática de información en tres tipos de fuentes: instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales tanto nacionales como internacionales; investigadores, estudiantes, técnicos con experiencia en la especie; y bases de datos de buscadores electrónicos. De 10.206 referencias localizadas, para la revisión se eligió 45 artículos de los cinco países andinos. La mayor parte provino de Venezuela (23,9%) y Perú (19,6%), seguidos por Ecuador (17,4%), Colombia (15,2%) y Bolivia (13%). La evidencia encontrada fue muy escasa para determinar el grado de impacto de las áreas protegidas sobre la conservación de la especie. La evaluación cualitativa sugiere que las áreas protegidas no parecen estar siendo efectivas para la conservación del oso andino. El meta-análisis indicó un efecto positivo leve (magnitud del efecto total = 0,32), lo cual indica que las áreas protegidas tienen poco efecto en favorecer al oso andino. Con respecto a la cacería, el efecto resultó negativo (magnitud del efecto total = - 0,25), sugiriendo que las áreas protegidas no son efectivas para aminorarla. Respecto a si las áreas protegidas son efectivas para proteger el hábitat del oso andino, la evidencia indica tendencias opuestas pero el efecto conjunto de los estudios analizados (magnitud del efecto total = 0,43), señala que éstas han favorecido el mantenimiento y/o recuperación de la cobertura vegetal, aunque sus márgenes y/o zonas de amortiguamiento han sido degradadas.

Venezuelan Amazonia: at an environmental crossroad

Analysis on the land use policies for the Venezuelan Amazon region and future perspectives

Una Metodologia para la Evaluacion de Areas Silvestres Planteadas como Parques Nacionales (caso San Esteban, Venezuela)

Trabajo Dirigido EA8181 Coordinacion de Biologia, 1986

Informe de trabajo dirigido de la Maestria en Ciencias Biologicas de la Universidad Simon Bolivar... more Informe de trabajo dirigido de la Maestria en Ciencias Biologicas de la Universidad Simon Bolivar, cuyo objetivo es establecer una secuencia y procedimiento para evaluar recursos naturales basicos de un area que se presupone puede tener condiciones para ser preservada bajo la figura de parque anacional, y que pueda ser realizable con informacion y tiempos limitados. Esta metodologia se aplica al caso de San Esteban, Venezuela, y sirvió de fundamento para su posterior declaratoria como Parque Nacional en 1987.