The City and the Process of Transition from Early Modern Times to the Present, eds. Magdalena Gibiec, Dorota Wiśniewska i Leszek Ziątkowski. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019
During almost 400 years of Venetian governance in Dalmatia, the city of Zadar was a cultural, adm... more During almost 400 years of Venetian governance in Dalmatia, the city of Zadar was a cultural, administrative, economic and military capital of the province. Therefore, apart from the residents and people from the city district, the city attracted all kinds of people of various professions from all over Europe. Among others, one significant professional group was omnipresent in the city, especially in times of war – the military. Although it was never directly besieged by the Ottoman army, mostly thanks to its modern fortifications, the city was constantly endangered by military operations in the hinterland in the period leading up to the War of Crete. Thus, the presence of soldiers on the streets of Zadar was a part of its daily life, and since the Republic of Venice recruited troops not only from its possessions, but also from many diverse European lands, ethnic and cultural differences were highly visible. This variety can be clearly seen in public notarial acts, among other sources, where soldiers acted as constant participants in all kinds of businesses. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to show, primarily through the analysis of the aforementioned sources, which ethnic military groups or individuals were present in Zadar and to what extent, what the soldiers' modes of interaction with civilian residents were, together with the level of their acceptance in local circles, and in which economic and social ranks they were present in the city. The mapping of soldiers within the material consisting of almost 2500 documents produced by the Zaratine notaries active in the period of interest has shed some new light on the complex picture of ethnic, social and cultural groups which formed a city situated on one of the European early modern borderlands, to a large extent influenced by military affairs and frequent warfare.
Keywords: urban history, military history, early modern period, The Republic of Venice, Dalmatia, Zadar, The War of Crete
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Papers by Filip Novosel
Keywords: Republic of Venice, eastern Adriatic, seventeenth century, War of Crete, Thirty Years’ War, military history, capi da Guerra
During the reign of Peter I, the Republic of Venice and the Russian Empire cooperated in various fields. Primarily, however, they fortified their maritime relations, with subjects of Serenissima playing a major role in the creation of the modern Russian navy, passing on their knowledge and experience. Of these Venetian subjects, those from the eastern Adriatic coast were the most prominent, among whom was Matija Zmajevic (1680–1735), a representative of an influential seafaring family from Perast in the Bay of Kotor. Matija served in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great and his successors, reaching the rank of admiral and laying the foundation for the subsequent establishment of the Russian Black Sea fleet. The article introduces new archival information about his interesting and controversial personality, based on documents from the Karaman family's collection in the State Archives in Zadar. Members of the Karaman family were related to Zmajević, with especially close relations between Matija and his brother Vicko Zmajević with Matej Karaman, who himself lived in Russia for some time and left valuable written testimony about that period. The review of the works on this topic and analysis of materials from the aforementioned collection aims at encouraging historians to conduct further research into the life and works of Admiral Matija Zmajević.
among the cultural centres and peripheries of the Mediterranean and Europe during the given period.
Key words: archival sources, the Republic of Venice, seventeenth century, public notaries of Zadar, testaments, Simon Lovatello
the sources, age structure, physical characteristics, family belonging and role of particular families in military service, as well as duration of military service, have been discussed in details. The analysis shows that the denizens of Drniš served in units commanded by prominent military commanders who were by their origin mostly from Dalmatia and Boka Kotorska, and it is evident that such units (companies and their regiments as a whole) were extremely mobile and deployed all over Venetian terrestrial and overseas acquisitions. At the end of the article it is concluded that the problematics of the proportion of the Croats in Venetian military units, in this particular case of those soldiers who were by their origin from Drniš, because of rich sources, still leaves a lot of space for future research and scholarly analysis. As an appendix to the article is given full list of all hitherto identified soldiers from Drniš in infantry and cavalry units of Venetian Republic in the eighteenth century.
Keywords: urban history, military history, early modern period, The Republic of Venice, Dalmatia, Zadar, The War of Crete
The aim of this paper was exactly to analyse one of the problems not dealt so far
extensively in Croatian military history. More concretely, the members of Venetian army in Zadar during the war of Crete (1645–1669) were taken as a case study for a research of a soldiers’ daily life in an urban settlement, on the basis of the notarial acts of Zaratine notaries of that time as the mayor archival source. In this 25 years long period these notaries have produced almost 2500 documents af all kind of contracts concerning everyday business divided into following categories by the notaries themselves: Istrumenti (agreements of all kinds, buying and selling contracts, rents, dowrys, donations), Proccure (procurements), Carte varie (sketches of documents), Estimi (estimations), Processi et Sentenze arbitrali (juridical documents and lawsuits), Inventarii (inventories) and Testamenti (testaments).
Finally, the paper has shown that the presence of soldiers of all ranks and geographical origin was continous in all kinds of cases in Zadar. As a result of the analysis, the conclusion was made that this professional group was clearly one of quite important human factors in the overall appearance of the urban society, engaged in all kind of daily enterprise not directly conected to military affairs. Yet, it must be pointed out that there was no any trace of organized militarization of the urban civil society itself. Rather, from the given material it is clearly visible how members of the military and civilian population interacted extensively, living in mostly peaceful cohabitation with only ocasional frictions common for the society in general.
church of the aforementioned order have reached their peak. Majority of the analyzed testaments were written by female testators, who had come to Venice from Dalmatia, Boka or Bar, and who predominantly lived in Cannaregio – part of Venice where the Servite Order had its quarters. Authors have analyzed testators’ legacies regarding place of burial – especially those connected to the tombs of the Servite Order, together with the instructions related to the habit of the deceased, grants, memorial services in the church of Madonna dei Servi, and other means of connection with the aforementioned order. In the second part of the article, authors have examined activities of Pacifico Bizza (1696 – 1756), who was bishop of Rab, later archbishop of Split, and before that – during the 1730s – was chaplain and rector of the Institute for catechumens in Venice. Moreover, in 1742 Bizza consecrated the altar in the church of the Servite Order. In the final part of the article authors have studied life of nun Anna Maria Marović (1815 – 1887), who originated from Boka. Namely, at the location of Servite’s quarters she has established Instituto Canal ai Servi (Instituto Canal – Marovich), which main task was re-education of women and girls.
Keywords: Republic of Venice, eastern Adriatic, seventeenth century, War of Crete, Thirty Years’ War, military history, capi da Guerra
During the reign of Peter I, the Republic of Venice and the Russian Empire cooperated in various fields. Primarily, however, they fortified their maritime relations, with subjects of Serenissima playing a major role in the creation of the modern Russian navy, passing on their knowledge and experience. Of these Venetian subjects, those from the eastern Adriatic coast were the most prominent, among whom was Matija Zmajevic (1680–1735), a representative of an influential seafaring family from Perast in the Bay of Kotor. Matija served in Russia during the reign of Peter the Great and his successors, reaching the rank of admiral and laying the foundation for the subsequent establishment of the Russian Black Sea fleet. The article introduces new archival information about his interesting and controversial personality, based on documents from the Karaman family's collection in the State Archives in Zadar. Members of the Karaman family were related to Zmajević, with especially close relations between Matija and his brother Vicko Zmajević with Matej Karaman, who himself lived in Russia for some time and left valuable written testimony about that period. The review of the works on this topic and analysis of materials from the aforementioned collection aims at encouraging historians to conduct further research into the life and works of Admiral Matija Zmajević.
among the cultural centres and peripheries of the Mediterranean and Europe during the given period.
Key words: archival sources, the Republic of Venice, seventeenth century, public notaries of Zadar, testaments, Simon Lovatello
the sources, age structure, physical characteristics, family belonging and role of particular families in military service, as well as duration of military service, have been discussed in details. The analysis shows that the denizens of Drniš served in units commanded by prominent military commanders who were by their origin mostly from Dalmatia and Boka Kotorska, and it is evident that such units (companies and their regiments as a whole) were extremely mobile and deployed all over Venetian terrestrial and overseas acquisitions. At the end of the article it is concluded that the problematics of the proportion of the Croats in Venetian military units, in this particular case of those soldiers who were by their origin from Drniš, because of rich sources, still leaves a lot of space for future research and scholarly analysis. As an appendix to the article is given full list of all hitherto identified soldiers from Drniš in infantry and cavalry units of Venetian Republic in the eighteenth century.
Keywords: urban history, military history, early modern period, The Republic of Venice, Dalmatia, Zadar, The War of Crete
The aim of this paper was exactly to analyse one of the problems not dealt so far
extensively in Croatian military history. More concretely, the members of Venetian army in Zadar during the war of Crete (1645–1669) were taken as a case study for a research of a soldiers’ daily life in an urban settlement, on the basis of the notarial acts of Zaratine notaries of that time as the mayor archival source. In this 25 years long period these notaries have produced almost 2500 documents af all kind of contracts concerning everyday business divided into following categories by the notaries themselves: Istrumenti (agreements of all kinds, buying and selling contracts, rents, dowrys, donations), Proccure (procurements), Carte varie (sketches of documents), Estimi (estimations), Processi et Sentenze arbitrali (juridical documents and lawsuits), Inventarii (inventories) and Testamenti (testaments).
Finally, the paper has shown that the presence of soldiers of all ranks and geographical origin was continous in all kinds of cases in Zadar. As a result of the analysis, the conclusion was made that this professional group was clearly one of quite important human factors in the overall appearance of the urban society, engaged in all kind of daily enterprise not directly conected to military affairs. Yet, it must be pointed out that there was no any trace of organized militarization of the urban civil society itself. Rather, from the given material it is clearly visible how members of the military and civilian population interacted extensively, living in mostly peaceful cohabitation with only ocasional frictions common for the society in general.
church of the aforementioned order have reached their peak. Majority of the analyzed testaments were written by female testators, who had come to Venice from Dalmatia, Boka or Bar, and who predominantly lived in Cannaregio – part of Venice where the Servite Order had its quarters. Authors have analyzed testators’ legacies regarding place of burial – especially those connected to the tombs of the Servite Order, together with the instructions related to the habit of the deceased, grants, memorial services in the church of Madonna dei Servi, and other means of connection with the aforementioned order. In the second part of the article, authors have examined activities of Pacifico Bizza (1696 – 1756), who was bishop of Rab, later archbishop of Split, and before that – during the 1730s – was chaplain and rector of the Institute for catechumens in Venice. Moreover, in 1742 Bizza consecrated the altar in the church of the Servite Order. In the final part of the article authors have studied life of nun Anna Maria Marović (1815 – 1887), who originated from Boka. Namely, at the location of Servite’s quarters she has established Instituto Canal ai Servi (Instituto Canal – Marovich), which main task was re-education of women and girls.