Papers by Antonia Ordulj
Jezik, 2018
Razvoj kolokacijske kompetencije u inom jeziku dug je i složen proces na koji utječu brojni čimbe... more Razvoj kolokacijske kompetencije u inom jeziku dug je i složen proces na koji utječu brojni čimbenici. Najviše je znanstvenih radova o kolokacijama objavljeno za engleski kao ini jezik (EIJ). Prijamno se znanje uobičava ispitivati zadatkom višestrukoga izbora, a rezultati redovito upućuju na bolje razvijeno prijamno znanje nad proizvodnim (Begagić, 2014.; Jaén, 2007.; Brashi, 2006.; Koya, 2003.). Cilj je ovoga istraživanja prikazati rezultate analize odgovora imenskih kolokacija u zadatku na prijamnoj razini u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku (HIJ). Istraživanje je provedeno na osnovnom tipu kolokacija sa strukturom pridjev + imenica na uzorku od 70 neizvornih govornika hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika na razinama znanja B1 i B2. Prije sastavljanja instrumenta provedena je korpusna analiza u korpusu hrWaC 2.1 kako bi se dobio uvid u čestotnost prikupljenih kolokacija. Prijamno se znanje provjerilo zadatkom višestrukoga izbora koji je, osim točnoga odgovora, imao i po tri ometača koji su obuhvaćali lažne prijevode s najčešćih materinskih jezika ispitanika (engleskoga, poljskoga, španjolskoga i njemačkoga) te semantički i tvorbeno slične pridjeve u hrvatskom jeziku. Rezultati pokazuju da je najviši postotak točnih odgovora (80%) ostvaren za kolokacije više čestote na B2 razini znanja hrvatskoga kao inoga jezika. Analiza odgovora pokazuje da su na razini B1 prevladavali tvorbeni ometači, no na obje je razine podjednak postotak lažnih prijevoda za kolokacije niže čestote.
Croatian Journal of Education, 2017
Research on collocations in the Croatian language has mostly been directed towards issues relatin... more Research on collocations in the Croatian language has mostly been directed towards issues relating to linguistics and lexicography, while research on their use is scarce and mostly directed towards second language speakers (Burić & Lasić, 2012; Ordulj, 2016; Petrović, 2007). This paper brings forth the results of research on the use of collocations among native speakers of the Croatian language. Based on the corpus analysis of characteristics of collocations and investigation of native Croatian language speakers, the influence of two factors on the use of collocations was researched: frequency of collocations and associative strength of collocation elements. The use of collocations in a morphologically unmarked form (nominative) and in dependent cases, along with their use in the narrower and broader context was researched. The research results indicate that the key factors for using collocations by native speakers are factors of frequency and associative strength, while the morphological form of the collocation is irrelevant to native speakers. The research also showed stronger influence of context on the use of less frequent collocations and weaker associative strength from the use of collocations of high frequency and strong associative strength. The results obtained are relevant for understanding general processes in the acquisition of the Croatian language as the mother tongue and suggest a starting point for considering more efficient ways of teaching the Croatian language.
Journal for Foreign Languages, 2018
The development of collocational competence is a highly complex process similar to le... more The development of collocational competence is a highly complex process similar to learning individual lexical units, where different deviations occur. There is a lack of research on collocational competence of non-native speakers of Croatian and there is still no collocational deviation or answer type typology. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to examine the answer types in productive knowledge tasks on noun collocations, considering their frequency, associative strength, and subjects’ Croatian as L2 (CLS) proficiency level. The answer type analysis comprised three blank-filling tasks of the productive level: 1) isolated sentences with collocations in the morphologically unmarked nominative case, 2) isolated sentences with morphologically marked collocations in oblique cases, and 3) collocations in a wider context. Responses were grouped into three categories (lexical, grammatical, and overlapping answers), which were then divided into different types or deviations. The research deals only with noun collocations having nouns as bases and adjectives as their collocators. The sample comprised of 70 students of Language exercises in Croatian as L2 at B2 and B level. Before creating the research instruments (blank-filling tests), it was necessary to verify collocations in the hrWaC and CROLTEC corpus. Finally, the associative strength of collocational elements was assessed by native speakers of Croatian. It can generally be said that there is a high percentage of incorrect answers and collocators out of context (KIK) answer types on both levels of CSL proficiency in productive level tasks. However, the percentage of correct answers by subjects of higher CSL proficiency is higher than by those with lower CSL proficiency in all productive tasks, regardless of frequency and the associative strength of collocations, which shows that higher CSL proficiency level indicates better collocational knowledge.
Key words:noun collocations, Croatian as L2, collocational competence and deviations
Fluminensia, 2018
Research on collocational competence in Croatian as L1 (Ordulj and Cvikić 2017) and
Croatian as s... more Research on collocational competence in Croatian as L1 (Ordulj and Cvikić 2017) and
Croatian as second and foreign language (Ordulj 2016) has shown that the knowledge
of noun collocations of native and non-native speakers is affected not only by morphological
markedness, but also by frequency and associative strength of collocation
components.
Since there are no standardised data on associative strength of collocational
components in the Croatian language, the aim of this paper is to examine data on
associative strength and frequency of collocation components for 228 collocations
having the basic adjective-noun structure, and to supplement the existing collocational
dictionary that illustrates frequency (Ordulj 2016) with information about associative
strength. Data on collocational associative strength was gathered from a sample of
283 native speakers of Croatian. By using a numerical scale, respondents evaluated
the degree of association or connectedness of adjectives and nouns in collocations.
Data on frequency for a particular collocation was gathered through corpus analysis in
the hrWaC 2.1 corpus (Croatian Web Corpus – Ljubešić and Erjavec 2011). This
analysis of frequency and associative strength of noun collocations will provide a
better insight into psychological and linguistic characteristics of collocations, which
are used in research on collocational competence in Croatian as L1 and Croatian as
Second and Foreign Language (L2). Furthermore, this study will provide experts and
teachers with a more systematic insight into the analysis of lexical bonds in Croatian,
and the possibility of more adequate choice of examples for practicing collocational
competence in Croatian as L2.
The development of collocational competence as a component of lexical competence with non-native ... more The development of collocational competence as a component of lexical competence with non-native speakers is one of the most fundamental, but also most challenging aims of second language acquisition, since collocations contribute to more natural communication in L2 (Borić, 2004). The development of collocational competence in Croatian as a Second Language (CSL) is an uninvestigated area (Burić i Lasić, 2012; Petrović, 2007) and so far the most detailed description of noun collocations in Croatian as first language was given by Blagus Bartolec (2014). The main goal of this research was to examine the receptive and productive knowledge of noun collocations regarding their frequency, collocational strength, and considering the CSL proficiency level. The research deals only with basic collocations having nouns as bases and adjectives as their collocators. The sample comprised of 70 students of Language exercises in Croatian as L2 at intermediate level (B1-B2). Before creating the research instruments (blank-filling tests), it was necessary to examine the associative strength of collocational elements by native speakers of Croatian. The analysis of the productive level tasks shows that subjects of lower CSL proficiency have very poor collocational competence, while subjects of higher CSL proficiency show an equal knowledge of noun collocations in the nominative case and in oblique cases. Ključne riječi: hrvatski kao ini jezik, imenske kolokacije, kolokacijska kompetencija Sažetak: Razvoj kolokacijske kompetencije, kao sastavnice leksičke kompetencije, kod neizvornih govornika jedan je od temeljnih, ali i najzahtjevnijih ciljeva nastave inoga jezika (J2) s obzirom na to da kolokacije pridonose fluentnosti i prirodnijoj komunikaciji na J2 (Borić, 2004). O razvoju se kolokacijske kompetencije u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku (HIJ) još uvijek nedovoljno zna (Burić i Lasić, 2012; Petrović, 2007), dok je o imenskim kolokacijama u hrvatskom kao materinskom jeziku najiscrpniji opis do sada ponudila Blagus Bartolec (2014). Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati produktivno znanje imenskih kolokacija s obzirom na čestotu
RASPRAVE Časopis Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje , 2013
In early language development complexity of syntax increases with the chronological age. Various ... more In early language development complexity of syntax increases with the chronological age. Various theoretical models attempt to describe the early de-velopment of syntax and the way in which a child from the earliest utteran-ces becomes a competent adult speaker. Tomasello offered a description of the complexity of the syntax of utterances from single and multi word utterances (combinations of words, pivot-schemes, item-based constructions) to abstract constructions. Two categories of constructions are of special importance for the description of the early syntax development: pivot-schemes and item-ba-sed constructions. Pivot-schemes are defined as two-item constructions with a ‘constant’ element supplemented with additional elements. Item-based con-structions are less limited in lexical choice than pivot-schemes. Moreover, they differ in their usage of syntactic marking (morphosyntax and word order), for-ming a category of increased level of abstraction in child language. The aim of this study was to test whether a common definition of pivot-constructions and item-based constructions matches the structures in the Croatian child language and what their word order is considering the typological characteristics (mor-phological richness and a relatively free word order) of the Croatian language. Two word verbal utterances in the Croatian Corpus of Child Language (CCCL– Kovačević 2002) were studied. Pivot-constructions were selected and descri-bed together with their path to more complex item-based constructions. The re-sults of the analysis show an early usage of grammatical morphemes, which di-ffers from previous research based on the English language. According to this, when interpreting the results for the Croatian language, interlanguage differen-ces must be taken into account. Furthermore, the applicability of a common definition of pivot-constructions to the Croatian language is just partial. The Croatian pivot-constructions contain specific morphological and syntactic ele-ments, different from the grammar system of adult language, but certainly with associated meanings. The research has shown that the typological features of a language influence the development of syntax in language acquisition and in-duce an early onset of complex grammatical elements.
Croatian corpus of child language (CCCL – Kovačević, 2002) consists of language sampl... more Croatian corpus of child language (CCCL – Kovačević, 2002) consists of language samples of spontaneous interaction of three children and adult speakers in their family environment. The corpus was created by longitudinal monitoring during the period of children's language acquisition from the onset of speech to approximately three years. CCCL is part of the Child Language Data Exchange
System CHILDES (http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/data/Slavic/Croatian) and is encrypted in accordance connecting audio with the CHAT system. In recent years the existing CCCL was subjected to a detailed analysis in order records to make it consistent with the changes and developments of the CHILDES system. The aim of this
paper is to give an overview of the encoding of CCCL in accordance with the rules of the CHAT system and to gain an insight into the changes that are primarily related to systematic coding of errors.
During this process, transcripts have been connected with audio records by using the transcriber method described within the CHILDES system. All this allows for the easier access to the CCCL in general (which can now be viewed without installing specialized applications), and access to sound files of each transcript, available both as whole or related to a specific utterance.
Various general and specific factors may influence second/foreign language acquisition process (m... more Various general and specific factors may influence second/foreign language acquisition process (mother tongue, inborn universal grammar, cognitive development) . Language learning strategies, as well as motivation and language aptitude, are among the crucial spe-cific factors, and have been subject of numerous studies, resulting in different points of view. Appropriate usage of vocabulary learning strategies enhances the linguistic compe-tence of the user. Since one of the most important goals of language teaching is increasing the lexical competence of the user, this study aims to investigate the use of vocabulary learning strategies among the Croatian language course participants at Croaticum. We would like to establish which vocabulary learning strategies are used, and if the beginners and the advanced users differ in strategy use. The instruments included Vocabulary Learn-ing Strategies Questionnaire (Pavič ić, 2003), demographic questionnaire, cloze-tests and interviews. The results indicate that the participants use three different types of vocabulary learning strategies: strategies of formal vocabulary learning and practicing, self-initiated independent vocabulary learning strategies and incidental vocabulary learning strategies. The role of the strategies in lexical competence development has not been researched in Croatian as a second/foreign language, so we believe that the results of this study will pro-vide insights into this issue.
Encouraged by the growing need for communication in a foreign language, which often results in an... more Encouraged by the growing need for communication in a foreign language, which often results in an unpleasant feeling of anxiety or even avoidance of communication, the authors conducted a research to see whether the participants of an Italian language course in one foreign languages school in Croatia experience foreign (Italian) language anxiety. The study was conducted on a sample of 32 learners whose mother tongue is Croatian. The aim of this study was to examine differences in foreign language anxiety with regard to the level and length of learning Italian, the gender, the number of foreign languages that the learners speak, and their shyness. The results showed that groups of learners differ in their foreign language anxiety, depending on their own level of shyness. Learners with pronounced shyness show higher level of language anxiety than the learners of medium and low levels of shyness. Other significant differences were not found probably due to the sample size, the individual characteristics of each student, and a variety of experiences gained in the process of learning a foreign language.
The acquisition process of the target language is characterized by the complexity of linguistic r... more The acquisition process of the target language is characterized by the complexity of linguistic rules in learner's L1 and linguistic purposes of that particular language. This process accomplishes a system called interlanguage (Selinker, 1972). In this system the linguistic transfer, especially a negative one, often causes a large number of cross-linguistic deviations in the target language. (Medved Krajnović, 2010). Previous research on L1 interference in the acquisition and production of Italian as a foreign language has shown that many different linguistic transfers take place at lexical, phonological, grammatical and morphological levels (Alujević Jukić & Brešan, 2010; Sironić Bonefačić, 1990). In this paper we focus on the negative transfer of lexical elements from L1 Croatian to L2 Italian by analyzing the most frequent errors occurred in the oral productions of a group of intermediate (CEFR levels B1-B2) Croatian-speaking learners (approximately 40 students). Our analysis shows that the Croatian L1 significantly affects the choice of lexical structures and words in Italian L2. Indeed, during the oral production in L2 language, we noticed that errors are mostly calques, substitutions and use of lexical structures based on L1 linguistic model. The examination of the negative transfer reveals useful to draw both didactic and learning suggestions, which can be beneficial for the whole language learning process. For learners, the implication is the possibility of developing and strengthening a strategy to memorize lexical words and structures. In doing so, they can be helped by different activities during the lesson, such as contrastive demonstrations of errors in both the languages involved, cloze tests, as well as presentations of the texts that are being studied. We therefore suggest that teachers should model their didactic approach by focusing more on systemic errors related to the structures already learnt by the student (Cattana Nesci, 2004).
Teaching Documents by Antonia Ordulj
Filozofski fakultet, Središnji državni ured za Hrvate izvan Republike Hrvatske, 2018
Massive Open Online Course of the Croatian Language , A2.HR (MOOC) / Cursos masivos abiertos en l... more Massive Open Online Course of the Croatian Language , A2.HR (MOOC) / Cursos masivos abiertos en linea de lengua croata, A2.HR (MOOC)
Books by Antonia Ordulj
Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, 2018
Osnova se za knjigu Kolokacije u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku. Uvid u receptivno i produktivno znanj... more Osnova se za knjigu Kolokacije u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku. Uvid u receptivno i produktivno znanje imenskih kolokacija u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku može pronaći u doktorskoj disertaciji Kolokacije kao sastavnica leksičke kompetencije u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku obranjenoj 21. srpnja 2016. godine i napisanoj pod mentorstvom doc. dr. sc. Lidije Cvikić. Ipak, s obzirom na to da su radovi o kolokacijskoj kompetenciji u HIJ-u sporadični, a riječ je o temi koja je u inozemnoj recentnoj literaturi prepoznata kao vrlo važna, ova je knjiga, u odnosu prema doktorskoj disertaciji, doživjela brojne preinake kako bi se stekle nove spoznaje o uporabi imenskih kolokacija u HIJ-u i, barem djelomično, popunila praznina nastala nedostatkom istraživanja o ovom vrlo važnom leksičkom fenomenu u kontekstu ovladavanja hrvatskim kao inim jezikom. U skladu s time, navest će se i opisati izmjene u odnosu prema doktorskoj disertaciji. Ponajprije, poglavlja su upotpunjena novijom, recentnijom literaturom o kolokacijama i kolokacijskoj kompetenciji u hrvatskom kao inom, ali i drugim inim jezicima (engleskom, talijanskom, francuskom). Manje su preinake i u poglavlju o svezama riječi te istraživanjima hrvatskih lingvista o kolokacijama, a veće su izmjene u poglavlju o kolokacijskoj kompetenciji u inom jeziku te kolokacijskoj kompetenciji u hrvatskom kao inom jeziku. Najveće su preinake u poglavljima o istraživanju i rezultatima istraživanja s obzirom na to da je provedeno posve novo istraživanje o uporabi kolokacija na receptivnoj i produktivnoj razini u HIJ-u. Osim što je izdvojeno poglavlje o kriterijima odabira kolokacija u istraživanju, u radu je postavljeno i nekoliko posve novih specifičnih istraživačkih problema i hipoteza s obzirom na spoznaje o kolokacijskoj kompetenciji u HIJ-u iz prijašnjih istraživanja (Ordulj i Cvikić, 2017 ; Ordulj, 2017 ; 2017a ; 2017b ; Ordulj i Sokolić, 2017), a koja u trenutku pisanja doktorske disertacije nisu postojala. Treba spomenuti da su dodane i nove hipoteze (H5 i H6). Instrumenti su, u odnosu prema onima iz doktorske disertacije, doživjeli sljedeće preinake: 1. U zadatak višestrukoga izbora dodano je nekoliko kolokacija kako bi raspodjela prema čestoti i asocijativnoj snazi bila ravnomjerna, što u doktorskoj disertaciji nije bio slučaj. Stoga su novim istraživanjem dobivene spoznaje o uporabi kolokacija u HIJ-u s obzirom na čestotu, ali i asocijativnu snagu kolokacijskih sastavnica.2. U zadacima popunjavanja praznina zastupljene su iste kolokacije, i to u izoliranim rečenicama u nominativu i kosim padežima te širem kontekstu kako bi se, osim morfološke obilježenosti, mogao izravno ispitati utjecaj širega konteksta na uporabu kolokacija u HIJ-u. Novim je istraživanjem prihvaćen novi uzorak koji je obuhvaćao izvorne i neizvorne govornike hrvatskoga jezika. Drugim riječima, prvi je dio istraživanja o procjeni asocijativne snage kolokacija proveden tijekom zimskoga semestra ak. god. 2015./2016. i 2016./2017. na Filozofskom fakultetu i Akademiji primijenjenih umjetnosti Sveučilišta u Rijeci, a novi je uzorak obuhvatio 188 studenata, izvornih govornika hrvatskoga jezika. Drugi je dio istraživanja proveden tijekom zimskoga semestra ak. god. 2016./2017. u Croaticumu – Centru za hrvatski kao drugi i strani jezik pri Filozofskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu te je novi uzorak obuhvatio103 polaznika kolegija Jezične vježbe iz HIJ-a na razinama B1, B1+, B2, B2+ i C1. Rezultati su istraživanja posve novi te je potrebno spomenuti da je u analizu vrsta odgovora u zadacima za produktivno znanje dodana nova vrsta odgovora u gramatičkoj kategoriji. Riječ je o neprikladnom odgovoru u odabiru kolokata (NO) koji se odnosi na uporabu drugih vrsta riječi koje odgovaraju zadanom užem ili širem kontekstu. U usporedbi s doktorskom disertacijom rasprava je posve izdvojena u novo poglavlje te, osim što donosi neke nove spoznaje, također potvrđuje neke prijašnje rezultate o ovladanosti kolokacijama u HIJ-u.
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Papers by Antonia Ordulj
Key words:noun collocations, Croatian as L2, collocational competence and deviations
Croatian as second and foreign language (Ordulj 2016) has shown that the knowledge
of noun collocations of native and non-native speakers is affected not only by morphological
markedness, but also by frequency and associative strength of collocation
components.
Since there are no standardised data on associative strength of collocational
components in the Croatian language, the aim of this paper is to examine data on
associative strength and frequency of collocation components for 228 collocations
having the basic adjective-noun structure, and to supplement the existing collocational
dictionary that illustrates frequency (Ordulj 2016) with information about associative
strength. Data on collocational associative strength was gathered from a sample of
283 native speakers of Croatian. By using a numerical scale, respondents evaluated
the degree of association or connectedness of adjectives and nouns in collocations.
Data on frequency for a particular collocation was gathered through corpus analysis in
the hrWaC 2.1 corpus (Croatian Web Corpus – Ljubešić and Erjavec 2011). This
analysis of frequency and associative strength of noun collocations will provide a
better insight into psychological and linguistic characteristics of collocations, which
are used in research on collocational competence in Croatian as L1 and Croatian as
Second and Foreign Language (L2). Furthermore, this study will provide experts and
teachers with a more systematic insight into the analysis of lexical bonds in Croatian,
and the possibility of more adequate choice of examples for practicing collocational
competence in Croatian as L2.
System CHILDES (http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/data/Slavic/Croatian) and is encrypted in accordance connecting audio with the CHAT system. In recent years the existing CCCL was subjected to a detailed analysis in order records to make it consistent with the changes and developments of the CHILDES system. The aim of this
paper is to give an overview of the encoding of CCCL in accordance with the rules of the CHAT system and to gain an insight into the changes that are primarily related to systematic coding of errors.
During this process, transcripts have been connected with audio records by using the transcriber method described within the CHILDES system. All this allows for the easier access to the CCCL in general (which can now be viewed without installing specialized applications), and access to sound files of each transcript, available both as whole or related to a specific utterance.
Teaching Documents by Antonia Ordulj
Books by Antonia Ordulj
Key words:noun collocations, Croatian as L2, collocational competence and deviations
Croatian as second and foreign language (Ordulj 2016) has shown that the knowledge
of noun collocations of native and non-native speakers is affected not only by morphological
markedness, but also by frequency and associative strength of collocation
components.
Since there are no standardised data on associative strength of collocational
components in the Croatian language, the aim of this paper is to examine data on
associative strength and frequency of collocation components for 228 collocations
having the basic adjective-noun structure, and to supplement the existing collocational
dictionary that illustrates frequency (Ordulj 2016) with information about associative
strength. Data on collocational associative strength was gathered from a sample of
283 native speakers of Croatian. By using a numerical scale, respondents evaluated
the degree of association or connectedness of adjectives and nouns in collocations.
Data on frequency for a particular collocation was gathered through corpus analysis in
the hrWaC 2.1 corpus (Croatian Web Corpus – Ljubešić and Erjavec 2011). This
analysis of frequency and associative strength of noun collocations will provide a
better insight into psychological and linguistic characteristics of collocations, which
are used in research on collocational competence in Croatian as L1 and Croatian as
Second and Foreign Language (L2). Furthermore, this study will provide experts and
teachers with a more systematic insight into the analysis of lexical bonds in Croatian,
and the possibility of more adequate choice of examples for practicing collocational
competence in Croatian as L2.
System CHILDES (http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/data/Slavic/Croatian) and is encrypted in accordance connecting audio with the CHAT system. In recent years the existing CCCL was subjected to a detailed analysis in order records to make it consistent with the changes and developments of the CHILDES system. The aim of this
paper is to give an overview of the encoding of CCCL in accordance with the rules of the CHAT system and to gain an insight into the changes that are primarily related to systematic coding of errors.
During this process, transcripts have been connected with audio records by using the transcriber method described within the CHILDES system. All this allows for the easier access to the CCCL in general (which can now be viewed without installing specialized applications), and access to sound files of each transcript, available both as whole or related to a specific utterance.