Energetica

Grass-mulch floristic composition and its structure affect the competitive ability between grass, forbs and tree, in relation ot orchard soil management. The flora biological spectrum was analysed during three years in four different orchards, managed with tillage in the row and mown in the inter-row. The grass-mulch produces a global increase in biodiversity, and a large modification in the floristic composition. The biodiversity increase is due to the environmental heterogeneity, moreover the reduction in disturbance rate (global tillage) reduce the local extinction or rare species.

The olive crop in Italy is managed by various systems, more traditional or more intensive. All the kinds of olive orchard management are correlated to the physiology of the olive tree, the structure and the form of the trees, the machines that are available for the pruning and the harvest, the management of the soil and the kind of vegetal cover of the soil.

The “arched pruning of olive tree” is a pruning system developed by  Letizi Harald C. . This method takes in account the physiology of the olive tree, the emission of vertical strong shoots (suckers), the energy and the nutrients needed to produce the same shoots, the management of the pruning by the farmer, the olive tree form and structure.
The variety used is “chalkidiki” (a variety with big fruits used mostly for olives in brine) and the area where the trials have been done is Sithonia, in Chalkidiki province, Greece.
The technique aims to arch some of the “sucker shoots” in order to manage a new olive tree structure, conserving nutritive elements and regulating the emission of new unuseful “sucker shoots”.

Neem, a multipurpose plant.
The neem tree  (Azadirachta indica A. Jussieu, Family: Meliaceae) is a plant originated from India and the introduced in Africa by Indian farmers.
There are many uses of the various parts of this plant, involving the human health, the crop health, the food, the cosmetics, etc. 
This article in Italian language shows a history of the neem plant, the known uses and the multiplication methods.

K. Muthuchelian (1) e H. C. Letizi (2)
1) School of Energy Sciences, Madurai, INDIA
2) Dipartimento di Energetica, Università di Ancona, ITALIA

le predette disposizioni, aveva di fatto assicurato il consolidamento delle misure di razionalizzazione e consolidamento della spesa in materia di pubblico impiego. 4 S. 310/2013 e S. 219/2014, rispettivamente relative alla posizione retributiva e contrattuale dei docenti e ricercatori universitari e dei docenti delle scuole secondarie.