Papers by Cristian Dimitriu
Revista de filosofia dianoia, Sep 1, 2016
En este trabajo me propongo analizar algunos de los argumentos de John Rawls en contra de un prin... more En este trabajo me propongo analizar algunos de los argumentos de John Rawls en contra de un principio de diferencia internacional, tal como fueron presentados en Un derecho de gentes. Sostengo que estos argumentos son inconsistentes con el principio de diferencia doméstico. Si los aceptamos, entonces tendremos que afrontar el dilema de o bien tener que aceptar dicho principio distributivo en ambos ámbitos (el doméstico y el internacional) o bien tener que rechazarlo por completo. También sostengo que las posibles objeciones de Rawls a esta crítica se basan en la dudosa premisa empírica de que los países son exclusivamente responsables de su propio fracaso. Palabras clave: justicia global, derecho de gentes, igualdad económica, pobreza
En este artículo, examino la propuesta de Piketty en Capital e Ideología para resolver las contra... more En este artículo, examino la propuesta de Piketty en Capital e Ideología para resolver las contradicciones inherentes al capitalismo (el "socialismo participativo"). Para tal fin, reconstruyo y hago explícitos los compromisos normativos centrales a los que adhiere, y muestro los problemas y limitaciones que tienen estos compromisos. Específicamente, muestro que, cuando se los compara con otros principios distributivos posibles, la propuesta de socialismo participativo se expone a varias objeciones, para las que Piketty no tiene respuesta.
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There is a puzzling fact about recent discussions on global justice. The debate, as of today, is ... more There is a puzzling fact about recent discussions on global justice. The debate, as of today, is fairly sophisticated and advanced, and all kinds of views have been defended. However, this debate has often ignored some of the most flagrant injustices of the real world, or is useless to asses them. Consider the following example: currently, the international financial system is set up in such a way that it forces countries (usually poor ones) to repay their sovereign debts, even if these debts are not morally binding for them. Thus, entire generations end up burdened with debts that were fraudulently incurred in their name. Despite the fact that this problem is massive, global justice scholars have either neglected it, or have not addressed it adequately. In this paper, I attempt to solve the puzzle. That is, I try to explain why there is such a gap in the global justice literature. Also, I propose a new approach to global justice which, in my view, fills this gap.Hay un hecho enigm...
The article compares two different interpretations of Kant's categorical imperative −the prac... more The article compares two different interpretations of Kant's categorical imperative −the practical and the logical one− and defends the practical one, arguing that it is superior because it rejects cases of free riding without necessarily rejecting cases of coordination or timing. The logical interpretation, on the other hand, leads to the undesirable outcome that it does not reject immoral cases of free riding, and to the desired outcome that it does not reject maxims of coordination/timing. Given that neither of them rejects maxims of coordination/timing (they are similar in that sense) and only the practical interpretation rejects free riding, the logical interpretation should be rejected.El artículo compara dos interpretaciones diferentes del imperativo categórico kantiano −la práctica y la lógica− y defiende la superioridad de la práctica debido a que rechaza los casos de free riding, sin rechazar necesariamente los casos de coordinación/tiempo. La interpretación lógica, en...
Fil: Dimitriu, Cristian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. U... more Fil: Dimitriu, Cristian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. University of Kansas; Estados Unidos
Praxis Filosófica, 2014
In this paper I shall try to clarify Husserl’s conception of time-consciousness. In particular, I... more In this paper I shall try to clarify Husserl’s conception of time-consciousness. In particular, I try to explain what exactly the asymmetry between protention and retention consists in. I argue (i) that Rodemeyer’s understanding of the protention-retention relationship, as developed, seems misleading, mainly for two reasons: first, it does not take into account that the ‘now’ has duration; second, she conceives the relation between protention and retention as symmetric, (ii) that the asymmetry between protention and retention could be better understood if we could not only take into account the influence that retention and affect have on protention, but also if we could take into consideration the conceptual difference between surprise and disappointment. This difference, I suggest, reveals new ways to understand the protention-retention asymmetry.
Ethics & Global Politics, 2017
Because of the way that the international lending system works, poor nations have been forced to ... more Because of the way that the international lending system works, poor nations have been forced to repay sovereign debts without having a moral obligation to do so. Suppose a corrupt public official borrows money from an international agency, or from private investors, and later on embezzles this money, or uses it to oppress the population. Suppose, further, that the lender is aware of the potential of this situation and still lends. Typically, the international community considers that successor governments have the obligation to repay the funds and the interests associated to them. In fact, this is what they usually end up doing. Public officials are all aware that if they do not honour sovereign debts, they will face all kinds of negative consequences, including exclusion from future markets, loss of reputation and legal sanctions. Owing to this mechanism, entire generations have been burdened with debts fraudulently incurred in their name by governments in the past. These kinds of debts have been known in the legal literature as 'odious'. In this article, I discuss the conditions defining the bindingness of a debt. I suggest that they can be made explicit by looking at the rules under which the lending system works at the domestic level, and by then extending these rules to the international domain. I argue that, because of their plausibility, these are the rules that should govern international lending from now on. I also discuss the feasibility of extending these rules globally, and consider potential objections to my proposal.
Jurisprudence, 2015
In this article I discuss the conditions under which sovereign debts are not morally binding for ... more In this article I discuss the conditions under which sovereign debts are not morally binding for a state. Following an old legal doctrine, I call non-binding debts ‘odious'. I proceed as follows. First, I argue that alternative accounts on the morality of debts are unsatisfactory. The problem these accounts have are that they do not clearly identify the philosophical issues that underlie the notion of odious debts, or that they fail to specify what exactly the immorality of odious debts consists in. Second, I defend the view that a debt is odious when two conditions are satisfied: (i) borrowed funds were used by public officials for purposes for which they were not authorised (ii) lenders knew, or should have known, about possible unauthorised uses of those funds. If these two conditions are both satisfied, debts should not be considered debts of the state, but rather personal debts of rulers. Third, I discuss the feasibility of my approach by exploring how it would work in the current world. Finally, I discuss the implications of my account and a possible reply to it. One of the remarkable upshots of this analysis is that it will show that the problem of odious debts is widespread and pervasive.
Daimon, 2014
According to a popular view, defended by Pogge and other, trade agreements between wealthy and po... more According to a popular view, defended by Pogge and other, trade agreements between wealthy and poor countries, as currently structured, are coercive and unfair for developing countries. Against this view, I argue that such agreements should be understood as exploitative instead of coercive. The difference between these two notions is a substantial one, as in the case of coercive proposals one of the parties is made worse off, while in the case of exploitative proposals both parties improve their situation. I rely on familiar accounts of coercion and exploitation, defended by Wertheimer, to make this point.
The article compares two different interpretations of Kant's categorical imperative −the prac... more The article compares two different interpretations of Kant's categorical imperative −the practical and the logical one− and defends the practical one, arguing that it is superior because it rejects cases of free riding without necessarily rejecting cases of coordination or timing. The logical interpretation, on the other hand, leads to the undesirable outcome that it does not reject immoral cases of free riding, and to the desired outcome that it does not reject maxims of coordination/timing. Given that neither of them rejects maxims of coordination/timing (they are similar in that sense) and only the practical interpretation rejects free riding, the logical interpretation should be rejected.El artículo compara dos interpretaciones diferentes del imperativo categórico kantiano −la práctica y la lógica− y defiende la superioridad de la práctica debido a que rechaza los casos de free riding, sin rechazar necesariamente los casos de coordinación/tiempo. La interpretación lógica, en...
In this article I argue that many debtor countries are morally entitled to default on a big porti... more In this article I argue that many debtor countries are morally entitled to default on a big portion of their sovereign debts. I will do this by showing that exceptions to the general claim that governments have the obligation to repay debts incurred by past governments should be made.
In this dissertation, I attempt to clarify the concept of odious debts and its relationship with ... more In this dissertation, I attempt to clarify the concept of odious debts and its relationship with global justice theory. Odious debts are debts that are not binding for the citizens of a country, as they were incurred by an illegitimate government in their name but were used for private purposes. I approach the problem of odious debts from two different perspectives. First, I explore the possible connections between odious debts and the contemporary debate on global justice. I argue that current debates on global justice have focused on the extremely important question of whether the international order is harmful or coercive, but have sometimes reached wrong conclusions about this issue. While some scholars have argued that the international order is not coercive at all, others have argued that it is, but did not find a persuasive way of making the point. Odious debts become relevant in this context, because they show a different way in which the global order could be said to be coe...
espanolHay un hecho enigmtico acerca de las recientes discusiones sobre justicia global. El debat... more espanolHay un hecho enigmtico acerca de las recientes discusiones sobre justicia global. El debate, al da de hoy, es bastante sofisticado y avanzado, y se han defendido todo tipo de teoras. Sin embargo, este debate tpicamente ha ignorado algunas de las ms flagrantes injusticias del mundo real, o es intil para evaluarlas. Considrese el siguiente ejemplo: actualmente, el sistema financiero internacional est organizado de manera tal que fuerza a los pases (habitualmente pobres) a pagar sus deudas soberanas, aun cuando estas no son vinculantes. De esta manera, generaciones enteras terminan siendo cargadas con deudas que fueron incurridas de manera fraudulenta en su nombre. A pesar de que este problema es masivo, los especialistas en justicia global lo han ignorado, o no lo han tratado adecuadamente. En este trabajo, intento explicar este enigma. Esto es, intento explicar por qu existe semejante ausencia en los debates recientes sobre justicia global. Adems, propongo un nuevo enfoque a l...
Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy
ABSTRACT In this article, I examine the claim that the morality of the international lending syst... more ABSTRACT In this article, I examine the claim that the morality of the international lending system should be assessed by looking at its effects on poverty. The claim I would like to defend is that it is not a necessary truth that aggravation of poverty under the current lending system is what makes this system unjust. Instead, I argue that, regardless on its efects of poverty, what makes the lending system unjust is that it allows wrongful loans. It is of course often the case that there is something wrong with lending, and that this flaw leads to poverty. However, in my view, the effects on poverty and the morality of loans can be conceptually independent from each other. Thus, it is misguided to measure poverty as a way of testing whether the lending system is just. I proceed as follows. First, I explain in some detail Pogge’s view about lending and justice, as he is the main defender of the outcome-view that I am trying to refute. Second, I will show two possible concerns about Pogge’s view. I will call the first one the ‘agnosticism objection,’ and the second one the ‘normative limitation objection.’ Third, I will briefly describe my own account of the conditions under which lending would count as wrongful (and non-binding). This account is an improvement over Pogge’s account.
Isonomía - Revista de teoría y filosofía del derecho
En este artículo sostengo que muchos países deudores tienen el derecho moral de incurrir en cesac... more En este artículo sostengo que muchos países deudores tienen el derecho moral de incurrir en cesación de pagos de sus deudas soberanas. Muestro que deben hacerse excepciones a la afirmación general de que los gobiernos tienen la obligación de devolver préstamos contraídos por gobiernos que le antecedieron.
Daímon
I argue that one of the most important reasons why international trade has been unfair is that we... more I argue that one of the most important reasons why international trade has been unfair is that weaker parties in trading negotiations have been illegitimately forced to accept terms of trade that they would not otherwise accept under normal circumstances, and these terms of trade have been harmful for them. Odious debts are at the center of this kind of injustice. Odious debts are debts that are not binding for the citizens of a country, as they were incurred by illegitimate rulers in the name of all the citizens, but used for private purposes, such as personal benefit, or to oppress the population. Despite the fact that these debts are not binding—that is, that they should not be repaid—creditor countries have coerced debtor countries to repay them and, more importantly for the purposes of this article, they have taken advantage of the fact that countries are burdened with these debts by tailoring trade agreements in their favor. They have done so by telling debtor countries that, ...
Eidos
There is a puzzling fact about recent discussions on global justice. The debate, as of today, is ... more There is a puzzling fact about recent discussions on global justice. The debate, as of today, is fairly sophisticated and advanced, and all kinds of views have been defended. However, this debate has often ignored some of the most flagrant injustices of the real world, or is useless to asses them. Consider the following example: currently, the international financial system is set up in such a way that it forces countries (usually poor ones) to repay their sovereign debts, even if these debts are not morally binding for them. Thus, entire generations end up burdened with debts that were fraudulently incurred in their name. Despite the fact that this problem is massive, global justice scholars have either neglected it, or have not addressed it adequately. In this paper, I attempt to solve the puzzle. That is, I try to explain why there is such a gap in the global justice literature. Also, I propose a new approach to global justice which, in my view, fills this gap.
Praxis Filosofica, Mar 17, 2014
In this paper I shall try to clarify Husserl’s conception of time-consciousness. In particular, I... more In this paper I shall try to clarify Husserl’s conception of time-consciousness. In particular, I try to explain what exactly the asymmetry between protention and retention consists in. I argue (i) that Rodemeyer’s understanding of the protention-retention relationship, as developed, seems misleading, mainly for two reasons: first, it does not take into account that the ‘now’ has duration; second, she conceives the relation between protention and retention as symmetric, (ii) that the asymmetry between protention and retention could be better understood if we could not only take into account the influence that retention and affect have on protention, but also if we could take into consideration the conceptual difference between surprise and disappointment. This difference, I suggest, reveals new ways to understand the protention-retention asymmetry.
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Papers by Cristian Dimitriu