Papers by Bert (Bertram) A Jenkins
Cultivating Peace: Contexts, Practices and Multidimensional Models moves away from negative conno... more Cultivating Peace: Contexts, Practices and Multidimensional Models moves away from negative connotations associated with the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding. It embraces a multiplicity of trans-disciplinary approaches to peacebuilding, mostly coinciding with the eco-horticultural metaphor of peace cultivation. Ultimately, the idea of cultivating peace embodies love and compassion, while utilising local knowledge, expertise and wisdom to do no harm. Using various case studies from across the world, the narratives and insights in this book present diverse facets of peacebuilding, yet all contribute constructive lessons. The chapters cover three general themes. Some examine the structural and discursive causes of violence and how to improve situations where violence is evident, or to prevent it from breaking out. Others deal with the aftermath of violence and how to reconcile and restore shattered lives and societies. The third group deals with positive social change by non-viol...
Journal of Applied Physics, 1966
uniform darkening which is directly associated with the gross structural features of the PG. Two ... more uniform darkening which is directly associated with the gross structural features of the PG. Two diffusion directions perpen dicular to the deposition plane are recognized: away from the original deposition surface (the +c direction) and away from the final deposition surface (the -c direction). Autoradiographs taken parallel to the deposition plane of diffusion in the -c direction show open circles
Australian Journal of Social Issues, 2001
AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations
This paper reviewed some extense literature in peacekeeping. The review of the literature focused... more This paper reviewed some extense literature in peacekeeping. The review of the literature focused on two areas - concepts and theories of peacekeeping. After having discussed the three major approaches to think conceptually about peacekeeping in the literature, we argued that despite the existence of these multiple frameworks for addressing the conceptual problems of peacekeeping, they overlooked the imperative of the structures and processes of world politics, their impacts and how these have conditioned the roles of peacekeepers in it. Then, we examined four of the main theoretical approaches that are discernible in the peacekeeping literature, which offer possible frameworks for the analysis and interpretation of peacekeeping research. We argued that there is no single theory (or a metatheory) that fully explains the whole gamut of issues involved in peace operations. This is because these theoretical traditions provide different ways in which to comprehend peacekeeping. A single...
Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria
Lobry de Bruyn, L. A., Jenkins, B. A. and Sutrisno, 1997. Soil invertebrate biodiversity in strin... more Lobry de Bruyn, L. A., Jenkins, B. A. and Sutrisno, 1997. Soil invertebrate biodiversity in stringybark forest in the New England tablelands before clearing. Memoirs ofthe Museum of Victoria 56 (2): 295-303. In this study at Newholme, 10 km N of Armidale, in northern New South Wales, we will assess the role of soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers after a major disturbanceclearing of native vegetation for grazing pastures. The data presented in this paper is from the December 1993 pitfall trapping prior to clearing. The pitfall trapping recorded 22 invertebrate groups, dominated by eight, with Collembola, Acanna and Formicidae being the most abundant groups. Formicidae was further classified into species which revealed the average site had 24 species of ants, and in total there were 57 ant species recorded over 12 sites. Those sites with high ant abundance were dominated by one or more of the following three ant species; Aphaenogaster sp. N26, hidomyrmex sp. N60, or Pheidole sp. N2. The dominant ant functional group in abundance and number of species was the Climate/Soil Specialist. The following functional groups, in order of declining abundance, were Dominant dolichodennae, Generalised myrmicines and Opportunists, and were all represented by at the most four species. The remaining functional groups were low in abundance and recorded low species richness, which may be a reflection of trapability rather than reality.
South Asian Survey, 2017
Since the start of US drone strikes in 2004–2005, these remotely piloted drone aircraft have been... more Since the start of US drone strikes in 2004–2005, these remotely piloted drone aircraft have been a subject of discussions internationally, especially at the UN. Previous studies have reported the effectiveness of US drone strikes in countering terrorism, and large public support in Pakistan for such measures. Contrasting with previous work on the subject, this research found that sentiments of reprisal were aimed against the Pakistan government, its armed forces including anti-US and anti-NATO feelings. This is in addition to the existence of some negative attitudes against local extremists and terrorists as well.
This article examines the roles peace and development actors can play in preventing and counterin... more This article examines the roles peace and development actors can play in preventing and countering violent extremism (PCVE). It discusses key issues and concerns regarding violence and extremism from conflict, security and development lens, and highlights some preventive ways in which peace and development actors could engage in PCVE.
Cultivating Peace: Contexts, Practices and Multidimensional Models moves away from negative conno... more Cultivating Peace: Contexts, Practices and Multidimensional Models moves away from negative connotations associated with the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding. It embraces a multiplicity of trans-disciplinary approaches to peacebuilding, mostly coinciding with the eco-horticultural metaphor of peace cultivation. Ultimately, the idea of cultivating peace embodies love and compassion, while utilising local knowledge, expertise and wisdom to do no harm. Using various case studies from across the world, the narratives and insights in this book present diverse facets of peacebuilding, yet all contribute constructive lessons. The chapters cover three general themes. Some examine the structural and discursive causes of violence and how to improve situations where violence is evident, or to prevent it from breaking out. Others deal with the aftermath of violence and how to reconcile and restore shattered lives and societies. The third group deals with positive social change by non-viol...
South Asia-journal of South Asian Studies, Jan 1, 2003
Auk, Jan 1, 2000
Area sensitivity in songbirds is commonly attributed to increased nest predation in forest fragme... more Area sensitivity in songbirds is commonly attributed to increased nest predation in forest fragments. In 1995 and 1996, we tested whether the nest predators and nesting success of an area-sensitive forest bird, the Eastern Yellow Robin (Eopsaltria australis), varied with fragment size, and we also conducted an artificial nest experiment. The study occurred in two small (55 ha) and two large (Ͼ400 ha) forest fragments in a matrix of agricultural land in New South Wales, Australia. Predation accounted for 95% of all failures of 282 robin nests, and the survival of robin nests was negatively correlated with how frequently we observed avian nest predators near nests (i.e. nest-predator activity). Of 461 artificial nests, 84% were depredated, nearly all (99%) by birds. Thus, birds were important predators of nests. The abundance, species richness, and activity of avian nest predators were not related to fragment size. Survival of robin nests averaged 19%; nests in small fragments had a 22% chance of producing at least one fledgling compared with 15% in large fragments, but the difference was not significant. Survival of artificial nests averaged 12% in both small and large fragments. Nest-predator activity accounted for the most variation (68%) in the fate of robin nests, followed by the cumulative density of open-cup nesters (16%). The placement of robin nests had no influence on nest fate. We conclude that nest predation was not area dependent and propose food supply as an alternative hypothesis to explain area sensitivity. We suggest that, rather than being related to fragment size, nest predation increases with decreasing forest cover in a landscape. Increased nest predation in fragmented compared with contiguous landscapes may lower the population viability of songbirds in a region, and hence regional numbers. Therefore, the spatial scale at which fragmentation influences nest predation and songbird populations must be considered carefully.
Book chapters by Bert (Bertram) A Jenkins
There are enormous challenges when it comes to ‘burying the hatchet’ or reconciliation, so to spe... more There are enormous challenges when it comes to ‘burying the hatchet’ or reconciliation, so to speak, and the struggle to move on with life after violence, death and post-traumatic stress has drastically disrupted every aspect of a populace’s existence. The impact of conflict and armed violence is clearly distressing and thus cannot be addressed merely through cognitive strategies. Indeed, the notion of forgiveness gives special meaning and importance to the centrality of interpersonal relationships that allow reconciliation and healing. Healing is a significant part of reconciliation—healing between ex-combatants, involving perpetrators and the public, including bystanders, and the numerous people who are the victims. After a violent conflict ceases, hurt persists on all sides of the struggle. Persecution, torture, maiming and killing give rise to intense negative feelings and pain, both psychological and physical. Still, the importance of addressing the emotional aftermath of violent conflict can often be neglected, dismissed, minimised or ‘tokenised’ in the rush to return to normalcy.
Reconciliation is an increasingly popular theme in the literature along with practices of conflic... more Reconciliation is an increasingly popular theme in the literature along with practices of conflict transformation and peacebuilding. It is a popular but at the same time ambiguous tool through which to address, minimise and prevent the effects of violence on individuals and society (Galtung in Reconstruction, reconciliation and resolution. Lexington Books, Lanham, pp. 3–23, 2001). Violent conflicts have discernible effects on individuals, families and social groups. It disintegrates families, alters people’s attitudes and belief systems, induces pervasive social cleavages, and when violence occurs in armed conflicts, it produces victims and perpetrators who often live side-by-side during and even after the episodes of violence.
Although the reintegration of ex-combatants and reconciliation were the key elements of peacebuil... more Although the reintegration of ex-combatants and reconciliation were the key elements of peacebuilding in Nepal, they were carried out in total isolation from each other. While the process to reintegrate ex-combatants is arguably over, post-war reconciliation has not begun yet. In this context, analysing the nexus between social reintegration of ex-combatants and post-conflict reconciliation, this chapter explores the implication of reintegration in reconciliation and vice versa. Focusing on social capital as a desired element of peacebuilding, this argument proposes that the lack of post-conflict reconciliation has led to the ex-combatants’ inability to accumulate social capital, which would better facilitate their social reintegration.
Books by Bert (Bertram) A Jenkins
Cultivating Peace: Contexts, Practices and Multidimensional Models moves away from negative conno... more Cultivating Peace: Contexts, Practices and Multidimensional Models moves away from negative connotations associated with the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding. It embraces a multiplicity of trans-disciplinary approaches to peacebuilding, mostly coinciding with the eco-horticultural metaphor of peace cultivation. Ultimately, the idea of cultivating peace embodies love and compassion, while utilising local knowledge, expertise and wisdom to do no harm. Using various case studies from across the world, the narratives and insights in this book present diverse facets of peacebuilding, yet all contribute constructive lessons. The chapters cover three general themes. Some examine the structural and discursive causes of violence and how to improve situations where violence is evident, or to prevent it from breaking out. Others deal with the aftermath of violence and how to reconcile and restore shattered lives and societies. The third group deals with positive social change by nonviolent means, which is much more constructive than the “negative peace” of ceasefires and peace enforcement used to manage direct violence. Promoting the ideal of peace cultivation, this volume emphasises ways to improve things, to suggest alternatives, and to employ initiatives to plant and grow positive changes both during the fighting and in the aftermath of violent conflicts.
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Papers by Bert (Bertram) A Jenkins
Book chapters by Bert (Bertram) A Jenkins
Books by Bert (Bertram) A Jenkins