Papers by Emoke J E Szathmary
PubMed, Jun 1, 1989
The Dogrib, an Amerindian tribe residing in the Northwest Territories of Canada, were typed for D... more The Dogrib, an Amerindian tribe residing in the Northwest Territories of Canada, were typed for DNA and protein polymorphism at the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster. Variation was seen at three previously described RFLPs detected with the enzymes SstI, PstI, and XmnI, though frequencies of these polymorphisms differ significantly from those reported in other populations. They exhibit no variation at two previously reported PvuII sites. No variation was seen in the APO A-I or APO A-IV gene products, with the Dogrib showing the most common isoelectric-focusing/immunoblot patterns of other world populations. Haplotype frequencies computed from inferred haplotypes and by maximum likelihood estimation did not differ significantly. The extent of nonrandom association of these sites is highly significant (P less than .00001), though pairwise analysis shows significance between the SstI and XmnI sites only. Levels of fasting triglyceride and fasting total cholesterol were determined for each individual. Analysis of covariance shows that fasting triglyceride levels in women vary significantly with the XmnI genotype. These results suggest that genetic variation at the APO A-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster may be a useful tool for the study of quantitative lipoprotein variation in the Dogrib.
Much of what is known about the first inhabitants of both the Americas and the Pacific Islands is... more Much of what is known about the first inhabitants of both the Americas and the Pacific Islands is gleaned from the archaeological record. While stone tools and sherds, their ages, their pattern of distribution and the context in which they occur can tell us much about the lif eways and the cultural con nections of these early peoples, artefacts alone yield no information about the ethnicity of the makers of either the tools or the pots. We need to add substance to this picture by studies of skeletal materials and to try to trace ancestral ties through investigations of the genetic structure of the living populations of these areas. Linguistic studies are a valuable adjunct to those of the archaeologist, and through reconstruction of the protolanguages inferences can be made about the speakers of these languages in the past. Such studies, as is clear from some of the papers in this volume, have been important, particularly in the Pacific. In the present volume Stephen Zegura paints the backdrop for discussion of the peopling of the Americas. He reviews the archaeological record and summarizes the palaeoclimatic data needed for deciding which were the most plausible routes which could have been followed by the first migrants to North America. He draws attention also to the long-standing dispute on the distinctiveness or otherwise of the American Indians and the Aleut-Eskimos, and concludes by presenting a speculative scenario for the origins of the diverse human groups among the aboriginal inhabitants of the Americas. Christy Turner lends support to Zegura's description, drawing on his own extensive studies of the structure of teeth recovered from crania of the Americas and from many parts of north and east Asia. The distinctive structure of the teeth of all native Americans places their biological relat ionship firmly in an east Asian setting. The current status of the geneticists' view of the peopling of the Amer icas is indicated by Emoke Szathmary and Francisco Salzano. Szathmary focuses on populations in northern North America, the subarctic culture area populated by speakers of two large language families, Athapaskan and Algonkian. Some clues are provided by specific genetic markers which suggest that the Athapaskan genetic link is toward the Bering Sea area while the Algonkian connection is toward the south. Using_ multivariate statistical measures of genetic distance she finds that the Eskimos cluster with the Siberian Chukchi, whilst Athapaskans are closer to Eskimos than are the Algonkians. The South American genetic data is reviewed by Francisco Salzano against the background of archaeological remains, which point to early dates for the widespread dispersal of man in South America. He argues that, so far, neither archaeological, anthropometric or genetic studies can furnish unequivocal evidence about the routes travelled by the first colon izers within the continent. Although it seems that the main contribution to the Amerindian gene pool originated in Siberia, Salzano concludes that the .
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Jan 30, 2018
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) membership surveys from 1996 and 1998 rev... more American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) membership surveys from 1996 and 1998 revealed significant gender disparities in academic status. A 2014 follow-up survey showed that gender equality had improved, particularly with respect to the number of women in tenurestream positions. However, although women comprised 70% of AAPA membership at that time, the percentage of women full professors remained low. Here, we continue to consider the status of women in biological anthropology by examining the representation of women through a quantitative analysis of their participation in annual meetings of the AAPA during the past 20 years. We also review the programmatic goals of the AAPA Committee on Diversity Women's Initiative (COD-WIN) and provide survey results of women who participated in COD-WIN professional development workshops. Finally, we examine the diversity of women's career paths through the personal narratives of 14 women biological anthropologists spanning all ranks from graduate student to Professor Emeritus. We find that over the past 20 years, the percentage of women first authors of invited symposia talks has increased, particularly in the sub-disciplines of bioarchaeology, genetics, and paleoanthropology. The percentage of women first authors on contributed talks and posters has also increased. However, these observed increases are still lower than expected given the percentage of graduate student women and women at the rank of assistant and associate professor. The personal narratives highlight first-hand the impact of mentoring on career trajectory, the challenges of achieving work-life satisfaction, and resilience in the face of the unexpected. We end with some suggestions for how to continue to improve equality and equity for women in biological anthropology.
PubMed, May 1, 1983
... Canada: association with age and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Szathmary EJ,Holt N.... more ... Canada: association with age and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Szathmary EJ,Holt N. PMID: 6873931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-US Gov't. MeSH Terms: ...
Oxford University Press eBooks, 1996
Introduction 1. Hybrids, mothers, and clades: who is right? 2. Multiregional evolution or 'Ou... more Introduction 1. Hybrids, mothers, and clades: who is right? 2. Multiregional evolution or 'Out of Africa'? The linguistic evidence 3. A Monte Carlo simulation study of coalescence times in a successive colonization model with migration 4. Modern human origins and the dynamics of regional continuity 5. Cranial morphology of the Siberians and East Asians 6. Dental characteristics of the Japanese population 7. Population genetic studies of national minorities in China 8. Ancient migration from Asia to North America 9. Dispersal of the ALDH2 mutant in mongoloid populations 10. The ecological context of northern dispersals into the New World 11. On the origin and dispersal of East Asian populations as viewed from HLA haplotypes 13. Quaternary geology of the ice-free corridor: glacial controls on the peopling of the Americas 14. Ethnographic analogy and migration to the Western Hemisphere 15. The environmental context for early human occupations in western North America 16. New assessments of early human occupations in the Southern cone 17. The first Americans: different waves of migration to the New World inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism 18. Early agriculture and the dispersal of the southern Mongoloids 19. Palaeolithic colonization in Sahul land 20. The genetic prehistory of Australia and Oceania: new insights from DNA analyses 21. What is Southeast Asian about Lapita? 22. Formation of Japanese language in connection with Austronesian languages 23. Adaptive strategies in East Polynesia Author index Subject index
De Gruyter eBooks, Mar 24, 2012
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2021
American journal of physical anthropology, 2018
should be listed as second and third authors, respectively, of the paper that had listed Tatiana ... more should be listed as second and third authors, respectively, of the paper that had listed Tatiana Karafet (2006) as sole author. As well, an incorrect geographic location was given for the Anzick-1 site.
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Diet, 2016
This chapter considers the consequences of change, from a largely flesh based diet to one that in... more This chapter considers the consequences of change, from a largely flesh based diet to one that includes flour and sugar, among North American Subarctic populations. It notes the problems associated with assessing dietary change among the indigenous inhabitants of this area, and what is known about their foods. It reviews frequently used methods of dietary intake assessment. Survey findings on total energy intakes and the macronutrient composition of indigenous diets are presented. Lastly, evidence regarding the impact of dietary change on the health of Subarctic peoples is summarized. Special consideration is given to chronic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes, and future health risks, given the rapidity of dietary acculturation in the Subarctic. It has proven difficult to demonstrate that dietary change has a direct causal role in the onset of chronic diseases, even though the transition from pre-contact to modern diets is recent, in some instances just a few decades ago.
Hungarian Cultural Studies, 2023
The definition of a memoir is "an account of the personal experiences of an author." This paper p... more The definition of a memoir is "an account of the personal experiences of an author." This paper provides the reflections of a physical (biological) anthropologist specializing in the genetics of the Indigenous peoples of North America who was born in Hungary, raised in Canada, and served twelve years as president and vice chancellor of the University of Manitoba. This professional background may question the relevance of these reflections to Hungarian studies. However, issues raised by János Kenyeres, the keynote speaker of the 2019 American Hungarian Educators Association conference, in his examination of Hungarian identity manifest in Hungarian literature-specifically, regarding "essentialist thinking"-are related to fundamental issues about the nature of human diversity with which physical (biological) anthropologists have been grappling since the eighteenth century. In an era in which commercial genetic genealogical services promise to identify ancestors and ethnicity, and genetic studies of living peoples as well as archaeogenomic studies of skeletal remains seek to identify relationships, current perspectives on what does-or does not-constitute "the essence of an individual and the groups to which one belongs" are worth considering. Facts, wherever they occur, are subject to interpretation. It is the cultural interpretation that we give to genetic identity that imbues that concept with meaning.
Primate Life Histories, Sex, Roles, and Adaptability. Developments in Primatology:Progress and Prospects, 2018
No abstract
International Journal of Epidemiology, 1992
Human Genetics, 1987
The metabolically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2D3, is involved in the regulation of insuli... more The metabolically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2D3, is involved in the regulation of insulin level. Because the serum group-specific component (Gc) binds vitamin D, it is worth knowing whether differences in basal insulin levels are associated with Gc genotype. Such differences would warrant further investigation to clarify whether selection maintains Gc polymorphism through differential risk of Gc genotypes to diseases that involve insulin. Blood samples were collected in a study designed to address issues in the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Amerindians. Fasting insulin levels and Gc genotype (including subtypes of Gc1) were determined for 144 adult Dogrib Indians of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Hierarchical regression of log10 transformed fasting insulin on age and adiposity within each sex showed that age had no effect on insulin level, but adiposity as measured by the body mass index (BMI) had a very highly significant effect. Analysis of covariance of log10 fasting insulin by sex, by Gc genotype and with adjustment for the effects of the covariate, BMI, was very highly significant. All interaction terms in the model were nonsignificant. The only variable that had a significant effect after adjustment for the BMI was Gc genotype (F4,133 = 3.71; P = 0.007). Covariance analysis was repeated on a subset of the sample (124 people). The reduced data set excluded all individuals who had, on at least one occasion, abnormal response to oral glucose challenge [impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM]). Again, after correction for the effects of the BMI, only Gc genotype had a significant effect on fasting insulin level (F4,113 = 2.61; P = 0.040). Homozygotes for Gc 1F-1F had the lowest measures of fasting insulin.
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 2005
Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 1996
ABSTRACT
Uploads
Papers by Emoke J E Szathmary