JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA, Nov 7, 2017
Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Grobogan sebagai sentra utama pertanian di Jawa Tengah yang banyak meng... more Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Grobogan sebagai sentra utama pertanian di Jawa Tengah yang banyak menggunakan pestisida mengalami peningkatan kasus PPOK sejak tahun 2010, dimana etiologi PPOK berasal dari gene-enviroment interaction dan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja utama terkait paparan zat toksik di tempat kerja. Persentase terbesar (71%) penderita PPOK berdasarkan data rekam medis 2009-2012 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan adalah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh teknik aplikasi pestisida terhadap derajat keparahan PPOK pada petani. Materi dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan dengan 100 petani sebagai responden yang dipilih secara purposive. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan klinis dan spirometri. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman dan regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23% responden termasuk PPOK Sedang, 17% PPOK sangat berat, 7% PPOK ringan dan 3% PPOK berat. Sebagian besar responden menyatakan lama penyemprotan pestisida lebih dari 5 jam per hari (69%), seminggu lebih dari 1 kali (72%), waktu penyemprotan pada pagi/sore hari (95%). Sebagian besar responden (85%) sering melakukan penyemprotan pestisida tanpa memperhatikan arah angin dan melakukan penyemprotan pestisida melawan arah angin (42%), saat angin kencang (36%) dan menggunakan baju/kain yang sudah terpapar pestisida untuk menyeka keringat (42%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antata derajat keparahan PPOK dengan lama paparan pestisida per hari (p value=0,003) dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida (0,000). Ada pengaruh signifikan lama paparan pestisida per hari (p value=0,004) dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida (p value=0,000) terhadap derajat keparahan PPOK. Simpulan: Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik aplikasi pestisida yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap derajat PPOK adalah lama paparan per hari dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida. Implikasi hal tersebut terhadap kesehatan masyarakat yaitu diperlukannya sosialisasi prosedur kerja aman petani dalam menggunakan pestisida dengan menyempurnakan teknik aplikasi pestisida secara baik dan benar dalam pencegahan PPOK. Disarankan lama paparan pestisida disarankan tidak melebihi 5 jam per hari dan dihindarkan penyemprotan pestisida melawan arah angin.
This research was conducted to study the effects of environmental factors i.e. heat stress, therm... more This research was conducted to study the effects of environmental factors i.e. heat stress, thermal comfort, and occupational noise and individual factors of the workers i.e. age, work duration (expressed in months), and nutrition status on occupational fatigue and stress. Occupational fatigue was measured using Reaction Timer L-77 Lakassidaya. Occupational stress was measured using questionnaire adapted from Wambrauw (2010). Heat stress and thermal comfort were measured using Questemp 34 Thermal Environment Meter and Lutron AM-4200 Anemometer. Occupational noise level was measured using Lutron SL-4022 Sound Level Meter. Nutrition status was measured using microtoise and body weight scale. Age and work duration was obtained using a personal profile form filled in by each worker. This research employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) consisted of direct and indirect effects of exogenous and endogenous variables on endogenous variables. Data analysis was conducted using AMOS 19 software. Data analysis showed that (1) different level of fatigue was indicated on workers working in different work shifts, (2) there was no direct effects of heat stress and thermal comfort on occupational fatigue, (3) there was a positive direct effect of occupational noise on workers stress but there was no indication that the stress itself has a direct effect on occupational fatigue, thus preventing the indirect effect of occupational noise on occupational fatigue, (4) there was no direct effect of the age of the workers on occupational fatigue, (5) there was a positive direct effect of the workers age on work duration, but the work duration itself did not exhibit any effect on occupational fatigue so therefore no indirect effect of workers age on occupational fatigue was found in this research, (6) and finally, there was a positive direct effect of nutrition status on occupational fatigue.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2013
Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, including I... more Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, including Indonesia. In South Kalimantan, an increasing incidence of tuberculosis up to the year 2010 which were taken using a smear-positive reached 3,237 cases, the largest was in Banjarmasin city which reached 642 cases and the detection rate still low, which is 52, 1%. To investigate the relationship among environmental risk factors of the house (residential density, the air temperature, humidity, ventilation, and natural lighting), smoking behavior and alcohol consumption among tuberculosis patients with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin city. This study was an analytic observational with case control study. The subjects were tuberculosis patients with smear-positive as a case group and smear-negative as a control group. Residential density, the air temperature, ventilation, natural lighting, smoking behavior and alcohol consumption significantly associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin city. While the humidity was not significantly associated. The most dominant risk factors in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin city were inappropriate of the air temperature in subjects with a history of household contact with tuberculosis patient, natural lighting, and house ventilation.
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA, Nov 7, 2017
Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Grobogan sebagai sentra utama pertanian di Jawa Tengah yang banyak meng... more Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Grobogan sebagai sentra utama pertanian di Jawa Tengah yang banyak menggunakan pestisida mengalami peningkatan kasus PPOK sejak tahun 2010, dimana etiologi PPOK berasal dari gene-enviroment interaction dan salah satu penyakit akibat kerja utama terkait paparan zat toksik di tempat kerja. Persentase terbesar (71%) penderita PPOK berdasarkan data rekam medis 2009-2012 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan adalah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh teknik aplikasi pestisida terhadap derajat keparahan PPOK pada petani. Materi dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan dengan 100 petani sebagai responden yang dipilih secara purposive. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan klinis dan spirometri. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman dan regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23% responden termasuk PPOK Sedang, 17% PPOK sangat berat, 7% PPOK ringan dan 3% PPOK berat. Sebagian besar responden menyatakan lama penyemprotan pestisida lebih dari 5 jam per hari (69%), seminggu lebih dari 1 kali (72%), waktu penyemprotan pada pagi/sore hari (95%). Sebagian besar responden (85%) sering melakukan penyemprotan pestisida tanpa memperhatikan arah angin dan melakukan penyemprotan pestisida melawan arah angin (42%), saat angin kencang (36%) dan menggunakan baju/kain yang sudah terpapar pestisida untuk menyeka keringat (42%). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan antata derajat keparahan PPOK dengan lama paparan pestisida per hari (p value=0,003) dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida (0,000). Ada pengaruh signifikan lama paparan pestisida per hari (p value=0,004) dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida (p value=0,000) terhadap derajat keparahan PPOK. Simpulan: Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik aplikasi pestisida yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap derajat PPOK adalah lama paparan per hari dan kesesuaian arah penyemprotan pestisida. Implikasi hal tersebut terhadap kesehatan masyarakat yaitu diperlukannya sosialisasi prosedur kerja aman petani dalam menggunakan pestisida dengan menyempurnakan teknik aplikasi pestisida secara baik dan benar dalam pencegahan PPOK. Disarankan lama paparan pestisida disarankan tidak melebihi 5 jam per hari dan dihindarkan penyemprotan pestisida melawan arah angin.
This research was conducted to study the effects of environmental factors i.e. heat stress, therm... more This research was conducted to study the effects of environmental factors i.e. heat stress, thermal comfort, and occupational noise and individual factors of the workers i.e. age, work duration (expressed in months), and nutrition status on occupational fatigue and stress. Occupational fatigue was measured using Reaction Timer L-77 Lakassidaya. Occupational stress was measured using questionnaire adapted from Wambrauw (2010). Heat stress and thermal comfort were measured using Questemp 34 Thermal Environment Meter and Lutron AM-4200 Anemometer. Occupational noise level was measured using Lutron SL-4022 Sound Level Meter. Nutrition status was measured using microtoise and body weight scale. Age and work duration was obtained using a personal profile form filled in by each worker. This research employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) consisted of direct and indirect effects of exogenous and endogenous variables on endogenous variables. Data analysis was conducted using AMOS 19 software. Data analysis showed that (1) different level of fatigue was indicated on workers working in different work shifts, (2) there was no direct effects of heat stress and thermal comfort on occupational fatigue, (3) there was a positive direct effect of occupational noise on workers stress but there was no indication that the stress itself has a direct effect on occupational fatigue, thus preventing the indirect effect of occupational noise on occupational fatigue, (4) there was no direct effect of the age of the workers on occupational fatigue, (5) there was a positive direct effect of the workers age on work duration, but the work duration itself did not exhibit any effect on occupational fatigue so therefore no indirect effect of workers age on occupational fatigue was found in this research, (6) and finally, there was a positive direct effect of nutrition status on occupational fatigue.
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 2013
Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, including I... more Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, including Indonesia. In South Kalimantan, an increasing incidence of tuberculosis up to the year 2010 which were taken using a smear-positive reached 3,237 cases, the largest was in Banjarmasin city which reached 642 cases and the detection rate still low, which is 52, 1%. To investigate the relationship among environmental risk factors of the house (residential density, the air temperature, humidity, ventilation, and natural lighting), smoking behavior and alcohol consumption among tuberculosis patients with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin city. This study was an analytic observational with case control study. The subjects were tuberculosis patients with smear-positive as a case group and smear-negative as a control group. Residential density, the air temperature, ventilation, natural lighting, smoking behavior and alcohol consumption significantly associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin city. While the humidity was not significantly associated. The most dominant risk factors in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Banjarmasin city were inappropriate of the air temperature in subjects with a history of household contact with tuberculosis patient, natural lighting, and house ventilation.
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