The cultivation of industrial hemp has nothing to do with the cultivation of cannabis plants for ... more The cultivation of industrial hemp has nothing to do with the cultivation of cannabis plants for the production of cannabis as an intoxicant. The former is legally regulated, and offers many advantages in the agricultural, economic and ecological field. To police staff, the distinction between (legal) industrial hemp and illegal cannabis plantations is not always clear, and at times this causes confusion on site. This article provides an overview of the background and characteristics of industrial hemp cultivation and the applicable regulations, and provides guidelines for assessing plantations on site. Tom Decorte Professor Department of Criminal Law and Criminology & Institute for Social Drug Research (ISD) Ghent University Email: [email protected]
Dans les trios dernieres decennies, des grands changements ont apparus au cote de l’offre du marc... more Dans les trios dernieres decennies, des grands changements ont apparus au cote de l’offre du marche de cannabis. Plusieurs pays ont passe d’importer le cannabis etranger, a produire leur propre approvisionnement. La culture locale a aussi augmente en Belgique, aux depens du cannabis importe en masse.
Tips from apical and axillary meristems of cocoyam were grown in modified Murashige and Sltoog's ... more Tips from apical and axillary meristems of cocoyam were grown in modified Murashige and Sltoog's (M S) medium with a range of concentrations of salts and sucrose. Sixteen treatments were evaluated for their effect on root and shoot formation and pfantlet development. The whole regeneration cycle from meristem tip to plantlet was obtained in a single medium (one step) system. Multiple regeneration was favored by high sugar-reduced salt combinations. The best results were obtained with combinations containing 133% of the sugar and 80% of the salt concentration in the unmodified M S medium. Better regeneration was obtained from axillary meristems than from apical. RESUMEN Se establecieron cultivos in vitro de meristemos apicales y de yemas laterales de cormos de yautía. Los meristemos se cultivaron en el medio de Murashige y Skoag (M S) modificado. Las modificaciones incluyeron varias concentraciones de sales y sacarosa. Se evaluaron 16 tratamientos con respecto a la formación de raíces y tallos y al desarrollo de plántulas. Solo en un medio se obtuvo el ciclo completo de regeneración desde el meristemo hasta el desarrollo de la plántula completa. Las combinaciones con concentraciones altas en azúcar y bajas en sales favorecieron la regeneración de plantas múltiples. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en combinaciones que contenían un 133% de azúcar y 75% de sales al compararlas con el medio M S modificado. Se obtuvo mejor regeneración de plántulas de las yemas laterales que de las yemas apicales.
Gegevens over het middelengebruik onder jongeren worden op nationaal, regionaal en lokaal vlak me... more Gegevens over het middelengebruik onder jongeren worden op nationaal, regionaal en lokaal vlak meestal via (kwantitatieve) gestandaardiseerde vragenlijsten verzameld. Niettemin is een goed zicht op het hoe, wat en waarom in de (lokale) context noodzakelijk. In dit kader ontwikkelde het Instituut voor Sociaal Drugsonderzoek (ISD) een Antwerpse Monitor Jongeren, Alcohol en Drugs voor het drugbeleid in de stad Antwerpen. Een monitor is een instrument dat toelaat middelengebruik van jongeren in de tijd te volgen.
The cultivation of industrial hemp has nothing to do with the cultivation of cannabis plants for ... more The cultivation of industrial hemp has nothing to do with the cultivation of cannabis plants for the production of cannabis as an intoxicant. The former is legally regulated, and offers many advantages in the agricultural, economic and ecological field. To police staff, the distinction between (legal) industrial hemp and illegal cannabis plantations is not always clear, and at times this causes confusion on site. This article provides an overview of the background and characteristics of industrial hemp cultivation and the applicable regulations, and provides guidelines for assessing plantations on site. Tom Decorte Professor Department of Criminal Law and Criminology & Institute for Social Drug Research (ISD) Ghent University Email: [email protected]
Dans les trios dernieres decennies, des grands changements ont apparus au cote de l’offre du marc... more Dans les trios dernieres decennies, des grands changements ont apparus au cote de l’offre du marche de cannabis. Plusieurs pays ont passe d’importer le cannabis etranger, a produire leur propre approvisionnement. La culture locale a aussi augmente en Belgique, aux depens du cannabis importe en masse.
Tips from apical and axillary meristems of cocoyam were grown in modified Murashige and Sltoog's ... more Tips from apical and axillary meristems of cocoyam were grown in modified Murashige and Sltoog's (M S) medium with a range of concentrations of salts and sucrose. Sixteen treatments were evaluated for their effect on root and shoot formation and pfantlet development. The whole regeneration cycle from meristem tip to plantlet was obtained in a single medium (one step) system. Multiple regeneration was favored by high sugar-reduced salt combinations. The best results were obtained with combinations containing 133% of the sugar and 80% of the salt concentration in the unmodified M S medium. Better regeneration was obtained from axillary meristems than from apical. RESUMEN Se establecieron cultivos in vitro de meristemos apicales y de yemas laterales de cormos de yautía. Los meristemos se cultivaron en el medio de Murashige y Skoag (M S) modificado. Las modificaciones incluyeron varias concentraciones de sales y sacarosa. Se evaluaron 16 tratamientos con respecto a la formación de raíces y tallos y al desarrollo de plántulas. Solo en un medio se obtuvo el ciclo completo de regeneración desde el meristemo hasta el desarrollo de la plántula completa. Las combinaciones con concentraciones altas en azúcar y bajas en sales favorecieron la regeneración de plantas múltiples. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en combinaciones que contenían un 133% de azúcar y 75% de sales al compararlas con el medio M S modificado. Se obtuvo mejor regeneración de plántulas de las yemas laterales que de las yemas apicales.
Gegevens over het middelengebruik onder jongeren worden op nationaal, regionaal en lokaal vlak me... more Gegevens over het middelengebruik onder jongeren worden op nationaal, regionaal en lokaal vlak meestal via (kwantitatieve) gestandaardiseerde vragenlijsten verzameld. Niettemin is een goed zicht op het hoe, wat en waarom in de (lokale) context noodzakelijk. In dit kader ontwikkelde het Instituut voor Sociaal Drugsonderzoek (ISD) een Antwerpse Monitor Jongeren, Alcohol en Drugs voor het drugbeleid in de stad Antwerpen. Een monitor is een instrument dat toelaat middelengebruik van jongeren in de tijd te volgen.
For the majority of its history, the cultivation of cannabis did not stand out, at least compared... more For the majority of its history, the cultivation of cannabis did not stand out, at least compared to the cultivation of other illegal plants. Cannabis plantations, like coca bush or opium poppy plantations, were typically large in size, grown by local farmers in a handful of developing (producing) countries, processed and then exported to industrial (consuming) nations. While cocaine and heroin are still produced in a handful of developing countries, cannabis cultivation is increasingly universal. From Europe to the Americas and Oceania, import substitution in cannabis markets has been noticed in almost every developed country around the world, with a notable aversion for discrimination. Geographical, technological, cultural and economic factors help to explain why (indoor and outdoor) domestic cultivation is well established, and why the nature and extent of cultivation varies so dramatically across the western, developed nations.
As we start the second decade of the 21st century, the new cannabis industry continues to fascinate both casual and academic observers of the drug scene. Researchers around the world have become increasingly interested in the phenomenon, aiming to describe, and potentially explain, the rapid switch from importation to domestic production in their own countries.
In bringing together some of the world's leading experts on cannabis cultivation this book contains sixteen chapters that take an interdisciplinary look at global trends in cannabis cultivation. It will serve as an exemplar for wider discussions of key theories and concepts relating to the spread not just of cannabis cultivation, but also of illegal markets more generally, the actors that operate within these markets and the policies and practices that are employed in response to developments within these markets.
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As we start the second decade of the 21st century, the new cannabis industry continues to fascinate both casual and academic observers of the drug scene. Researchers around the world have become increasingly interested in the phenomenon, aiming to describe, and potentially explain, the rapid switch from importation to domestic production in their own countries.
In bringing together some of the world's leading experts on cannabis cultivation this book contains sixteen chapters that take an interdisciplinary look at global trends in cannabis cultivation. It will serve as an exemplar for wider discussions of key theories and concepts relating to the spread not just of cannabis cultivation, but also of illegal markets more generally, the actors that operate within these markets and the policies and practices that are employed in response to developments within these markets.