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The paper discusses the 'top down' planning approach used nowadays on urban redevelopment projects in São Paulo versus spontaneous manifestations regarding the meanings of the space of the city, using the new Urban Operation Lapa-Bras brief document and Minhocão's demolition plan as a case study, Minhocao is an elevated express avenue that crosses the center of the city dividing districts and neighbourhoods, causing a huge impact on the landscape. However, unexpectedly, it also has a different meanings and interpretations -apart from being an equipment of road infrastructure-for the different groups that lives in its surrounding areas. For them the space is seeing as a park, an art gallery, a market and many other functions, as it is spontaneously appropriated in different ways during the moments of the day and night when it is closed for cars. The paper debates different meanings from different stakeholders involved in the project for the area. Its shows how do the surrounding inhabitants live and relate to this specific space of the city, apart from the planers point of view, and, most important, how do they transform it, from a heavy and aggressive piece of urban infrastructure to a public space, an important social infrastructure that is part of their daily life. Minhocao is, in one hand, from a' top down' perspective, a terrible loss of value for the land and building owners and a damaging and replaceable urban infrastructure for the planners. Meanwhile, for others, from a 'bottom up' point of view, it can also be considered as a social infrastructure for the inhabitants of its surroundings that, due to its appropriation, claim the space as their "place". A "non-place" (Auge, 1995) or generic space for some, a part of their "piece" (Magnani, 1996) for others. These are the multiple interpretations that Minhocao has and this paper aims to discuss.

A tese discute a relação entre norma e forma na materialização das cidades e a acepção prática do urbanismo contemporâneo, em sua modalidade mais comumente discutida: os projetos urbanos. Os projetos urbanos são aqui entendidos como elementos mediadores da transformação urbana, que hoje carecem de teorização e instrumentalização no Brasil.
Através da relação dialética entre o discurso teórico e a observação empírica, discute-se a materialização da cidade contemporânea, através das figuras conceituais Definição, Indução e Improviso, que estão relacionadas a processos que a regulação deflagra.
A área da várzea do Tietê entre a Lapa e Barra Funda, localizada na zona oeste de São Paulo entre o rio e a ferrovia, é usada como objeto empírico das reflexões teóricas, avaliado em sua materialização histórica e reestruturação contemporânea.
O trabalho oferece a construção da historiografia espacial do objeto, através da elaboração de figuras conceituais formais que guiaram o processo de materialização histórica, e avalia o processo de materialização contemporânea, guiado pelo instrumento Operação Urbana, concebido para promover projetos urbanos na cidade.
A pesquisa parte da tese de que hoje não há instrumento urbanístico que coloque o projeto, e o desenho urbano, como elemento mediador e articulador no âmbito da política pública, entretanto certo grau de projeto -  ou de definições espaciais que um projeto possibilita através do desenho urbano - é necessário, para evitar processos predadores na materialização das cidades.
Projetos Urbanos contemporâneos devem incorporar estratégias de desenho urbano em sua concepção, de forma a se materializar de acordo com objetivos pactuados socialmente. Assim a tese discute o papel contemporâneo do projeto e do desenho na materialização da cidade de São Paulo/This thesis discusses the relations between form and norm in the materialization of the cities and the pragmatic contemporary urbanism, in its most commonly discussed mode: the urban project. The urban project is here understood as the mediating elements of urban transformation, which today lack theorization and instrumentalities in the Brazilian context.
Through the dialectic relation between theoretical discourse and empirical observation, the materialization of the contemporary city is discussed, by means of the conceptual figures Definition, Induction, and Improvisation, which relate to processes triggered by regulations.
The floodplain of Tietê, between Lapa and Barra Funda, located in the west region of the city, between the river and the rail, is used as an empiric object, a site which generated the theoretical reflections and was evaluated as in its historic materialization as in its contemporary redevelopment.
The work offers a spatial historiography of the site´s materialization, by means of the elaboration of conceptual formal figures, which guided the historic materialization process, and evaluates the contemporary materialization, guided by the instrument Urban Operation, conceived to promote urban projects in the city.
Departing from the thesis that there is no urbanistic instrument that places the project and urban design as the mediating and articulating element in the Brazilian public policy on urban development today, yet some level of design, or definitions that design involves, is necessary, avoiding predatory processes in the city´s materialization.
Contemporary urban projects have to incorporate urban design strategies in its conception in order to materialize according to socially agreed goals. Thus, the present research discusses the contemporary role of the urban project and urban design in the materialization of São Paulo.

Apresenta-se aqui uma aproximação da aplicação de metodologia gramáticas da forma aplicada à explicação da evolução urbana, realizada no 1º Workshop de morfologia urbana PNUM, ‘Diferentes abordagens no estudo da forma urbana’, realizado entre os dias 30 de Junho e 4 de Julho de 2015, na cidade do Porto. O exercício consiste da análise da forma urbana da Rua Costa Cabral e seu entorno, na cidade do Porto, primeiramente através de abordagem histórica, de forma a encontrar padrões em sua evolução - percebida através da análise de mapas históricos; e posteriormente, através da análise da forma urbana contemporânea, de modo a abordar padrões e regras para a organização funcional e cérceas

RESUMO Estamos num importante momento histórico da política habitacional brasileira, quando o programada Minha Casa Minha Vida proporciona subsídios para a demanda habitacional real deste país (Déficit concentrado na faixa de até 3 salários mínimos-89,2%-e na de três a cinco salários mínimos-7%-de acordo com levantamento da fundação João Pinheiro). Os erros e acertos da experiência do BNH devem servir de base para essa nova política habitacional. Dessa forma, entendemos que analisar a produção da construtora Híndi, como exemplo da produção de qualidade no período do BNH poderá nos trazer elementos e indicadores para a produção habitacional em massa de qualidade para mercados populares. Palavras-chave: Habitação, Financiamento, BNH, Híndi.

The Royal Seaport project as developing in the eastern part of Stockholm represents a new urban district that will foster state of the art environmental technology. To be completed in 2030, the project reuses parts of a former Brownfield area previously operated by the Stockholm Port Authority and is planned to harbour a new vibrant district combining offices, residents and commercial areas. An ideal regeneration project should aim to be socially, environmentally and economically sustainable as possible. If environmental and economical pillars seem to be answered by the project, what is there to be said about its social considerations? A mapping of key stakeholders was done in order to conduct an indebt interview with the key actors in the overall development process. A review of the planning documents (city, regional, national scale) followed by a critical assessment. An assessment of European renewal schemes and the research experiences that followed was done and were applied stakeholder theory and the ABC theoretical model (PPP). The study showed how the environmental and economical considerations were met through private developing but how the social dimensions were consequently left out.

The paper stresses the potential of a Design Studio as a critical part of the inquiry process in Urbanism Research, using the experience of Studio Sao Paulo as case study. It explores what is a process of inquiry in a context of research in urbanism, discoursing on the potential of the design process as a tool to reveal hidden questions and processes on a territorial scale The research and its case study led to the establishment of Studio Sao Paulo, an undergraduate design studio in KULeuven, in which students develop their masters thesis in the context of Tietê´s flood plain. The experience so far, more than defining conclusions, stress some challenges to overcome, regarding research by design as methodological tool in an Urbanism PHD context.

Iniciativas recentes colocaram Lisboa em destaque no que se refere à qualidade e à inovação de suas Políticas Urbanas. O objetivo do presente artigo é identificar essas experiências, a fim de trazê-las para a discussão no contexto de revisão das políticas locais em São Paulo, pois se entende que a cidade oferece importantes aportes instrumentais e metodológicos, podendo ser usada como referência para novas políticas no que de Patrimônio e Projetos Urbanos. Utilizando-se de uma abordagem histórico-crítica, o presente artigo tem como objetivo trazer à tona as iniciativas relacionadas ao Patrimônio e aos Projetos Urbanos. O artigo está organizado em três partes: A primeira trata da política urbana e do PDM Lisboa 2020, um novo paradigma na política municipal voltado para a reabilitação urbana e promoção de projetos para os espaços públicos. A segunda trata de um breve histórico da legislação, verificando como esta lida com o Patrimônio tombado e sua interface urbana. Finalmente, a terceira parte trata das conclusões e lições para São Paulo.

RESUMO O presente artigo aborda a área da Várzea do Tietê em São Paulo e o projeto de revisão da Operação Urbana Água Branca, com foco no que se refere à proposta de transformação da paisagem urbana. Pretende-se revelar a paisagem urbana do Várzea do Tietê em São Paulo e seu processo contemporâneo de transformação. Assim, pretende-se explorar em que medida o projeto proposto considera as preexistências do Vale do Tietê-se é que o fazem-e refletir sobre suas propostas de alteração e definição da paisagem urbana. A partir da metodologia consolidada por Carl Steinitz em "Framework for Geodesign", realizou-se a descrição sistemática da paisagem urbana do Vale do Tietê e se avaliou a Operação Urbana Água Branca, levantando questionamentos acerca do futuro desse território e revelando novas dinâmicas possíveis. ABSTRACT The paper deals with the Tietê River floodplain in Sao Paulo and the Urban Operation Água Branca, focusing on the urban landscape transformation. It intends to reveal the urban landscape of the floodplain and its contemporary process of transformation. This way, the project of Água Branca Urban Operation will be explored on whether it considers the site preexistences and reflect on its proposals regarding the alteration and redefinitions of urban forma and urban landscape, using the methodology proposed by Carl Steinitz (2013), by which a systematic description of the Tietê Valey and an evaluation of The Urban Operation was done.

The paper is an urban morphology comparative study between four southern cities: São Paulo, Jakarta, Hanoi and Belo Horizonte, aiming to disclose common spatial outcomes of similar development processes, guided by positionality. Urban morphology was the tool used to read the distinct territories and territorial scales, through direct observation enabled by a joint fieldwork between the three researchers involved in the study. Therefore, the current research proposes a direct comparison of these elements, using fragments of four cities of diverse socio-politic and cultural backgrounds, but with similar industrialization and urbanization processes, aiming to reveal similarities between each city and its development; and the consequences of their urbanization process in a local scale.

The research investigates the possibilities of a more inclusive and diverse urban landscape and transforming areas in Sao Paulo, concerning important issues regarding the development of the city and new housing typologies, with the aim of improving "mixity" and diversity in high density areas. The housing shortage in Brazil today is estimated at around 5.4 million dwellings, 81% or which are urban. Only in the city of Sao Paulo, the housing deficit is estimated to be around 630.000 housing units. The city, the biggest and most important of Brazil, offers a landscape engraved by its uneven development, a scenario in which affordable housing was rarely on the public agenda. Slum areas and segregated social housing complexes were, along its historical development, the only housing solution for the poor, increasing problems of marginalization, violence and widening the inequality gap and social tensions in the city. Recent events show some hope. In 2001, The Statute of the City was approved in the national congress, creating a new set of urban tools which gave social housing a higher importance in Brazilian urban development. At this moment, a paradigm shift is necessary in order to conciliate the necessary mass housing production with a more cohesive urban planning. This is in accordance with the UN Habitat Global Housing Strategy framework that relies on "inclusive cities as the foundation for sustainable development, ensuring social integration and elimination of urban divide". New forms of dwelling are investigated with the aim of creating liveable neighbourhoods with a better integration of uses.

, phone/fax numbers: 00351 960223761 The paper intends to summarize a research, carried out between 2012 and 2013, financed by BID and GDN in which the urban morphology was used as a tool to investigate the relations between urbanization and development. It is a comparative study of the economic development, planning processes and the resulting urban morphology of four different cities: São Paulo, Jakarta, Hanoi and Belo Horizonte, aiming to disclosure the spatial outcomes of peripheral development. Planning policies and urban morphology were compared between the cities in different scales, according to methodology proposed by Llamas (1994). São Paulo and Jakarta were chosen due to their importance and economic relevance on their specific contexts, Latin America and South East Asia, respectively. Their size and characteristics-mega cities or city-regions-offers a possibility of comparison aiming to find similarities. Hanoi and Belo Horizonte have similar positions regarding their context-South Asia and Brazil, respectively. Both are administrative cities-Capital of Vietnam and Capital of Minas Gerais Province-with similar population sizes and currently under economic development and fast urbanization. Despite these similarities, the cities present distinct processes of growth and urbanization, which through this comparison should be highlighted. Therefore, the proposed study investigated São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Jakarta and Hanoi's patterns of urban form, expose some of their tissues and typologies, reaching a better understanding of how these cities have historically coped with economic processes and how do they work today, opening the possibility of a broader discussion consisted on how do these four cities might learn from the experiences observed in the others and how do these lessons could be beneficial to other cities in general.