Papers by Maciej Markiewicz
Episteme
The aim of this study was to estimate impact of the catchment groundwater level fall on morpholog... more The aim of this study was to estimate impact of the catchment groundwater level fall on morphology and properties of soils derived from lake sediments. The study area is located in the North Poland, within the Brodnica Lake District and it includes the direct catchment area of dwindling Sumowskie Lakes. Drainage of the former lake area was caused by the need to increase the areas of grassland. The analysis covered 4 soil profiles emerging within former lake. Examined soils have high content of organic matter and calcium carbonates. The properties and morphology of profiles indicates differences in degree of dehydration between them. The greatest differences are observed in the surface horizons and in particular the quantity of organic matter (including the value of the ratio C: N) and pH.
This book was not reviewed. The authors of abstracts are responsible for their content.
Technogenic soils atlas, Sep 2013
pjss.org
The research concerned transformations of soils in the areas of Early-Medieval strongholds and co... more The research concerned transformations of soils in the areas of Early-Medieval strongholds and connected differences in floristic composition between forest communities from strongholds and non-synanthropic habitats. The study focused on two areas where Early-Medieval strongholds were situated -Gronowo and P³utowo (Che³miñska Upland, Northern Poland) -surrounded by various types of soils: rusty soils and black earths, respectively. Detailed pedological and floristicphytosociological investigations were carried out in the sites and their vicinity. Transformations of Tilio-Carpinetum corydaletosum phytocoenoses were performed with respect to the specificity of soils at the settlements and their anthropogenic enrichment in biogenic elements (C, N, P) to a considerable depth.
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The record of changes in the environment caused by techno- and anthropopressure is undoubtedly reflected in soil morphology and properties. Scientific information regarding the chemical composition of soils in genocide areas is limited. The aim of this investigation is the assessment of the geochemistry of soils of the German Nazi concentration camp in Stutthof. The Stutthof concentration camp was located on the periphery of the Vistula Spit in northern Poland, and was in operation from 1939 to 1945 during World War II. A total of 65,000 people died as a result of exterminating living conditions as well as executions. Forty-five soil sampling points were selected in various parts of the camp. Total phosphorus, organic matter and arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg) contents were determined. It has been observed that the mean on-site concentrations of all trace elements were generally higher than their background. The reason for enrichment was heavy techno- and anthropopressure caused by extreme density of prisoners during the time when the camp operated. The soils of the German Nazi Stutthof concentration camp have clearly been transformed due to mass killing of a large number of human beings. Such a relation is clearly evidenced by the elevated phosphorus content.
The aim of this study was to examine connections between vegetation and soil distributions in per... more The aim of this study was to examine connections between vegetation and soil distributions in permanent study area located in Urszulewska Plain mesoregion (NE Poland). Based on detailed cartographic soil and vegetation documentation referenced to the network of 270 study plots (cartogram method), a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed (Canoco program).
The aim of this study is to assess whether it is viable to apply the results of the total phospho... more The aim of this study is to assess whether it is viable to apply the results of the total phospho-rus content in the soil analysis of contemporary farmsteads in the study of the functional diversity of former human settlements. The study was conducted within a contemporary farmstead located in Nowa Wie Królewska (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship). A series of drillings were performed, from which soil samples were taken at two depths: 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm. The total phosphorus content was determined by the Bleck method in Gebhardts modification, followed by compilation of maps showing the spatial diversity of the content of this element. Within the farmstead, the total phosphorus content significantly exceeded 500 mg·kg -1 , which was adopted as the background, based on the geochemical analysis of the arable lessivé soil, located 150 m from the pen. Variable phosphorus contents in the surface horizons (0-10 cm) were associated with different land management methods within the enclosur...
MARKIEWICZ, M.: Particle-size distribution and land-use effects on quantity and quality of soil o... more MARKIEWICZ, M.: Particle-size distribution and land-use effects on quantity and quality of soil organic matter in selected localities of Slovakia and Poland. Agriculture (Poľnohospodárstvo), vol. 55, 2009, N. 3, pp. 125-132. The content of soil organic matter in regards to soil texture and land use can be different. We have presumed that the highest soil organic matter content should be noticed in the clayey soils and in native grasslands as well. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise soil texture and quantitative and qualitative parameters of soil organic matter and determination of relationship between soil texture and parameters of soil organic matter in generally and with regard to land-use effects. Soil samples were taken from different localities of Slovakia and Poland, always on each locality from arable soil and native grassland. Lesser total (by 25%) and labile (by 13%) carbon contents were determined in intensively cultivated soils in comparison to native grasslands. On the other hand, arable soils had higher quality and stability of soil organic matter than native grasslands. A higher content of sand is the reason of decrease in total organic carbon content (r = −0.606, P < 0.01). On the other hand, higher content of clay (r = 0.707, P < 0.001) or silt (r = 0.483, P < 0.05) is a reason of its increase in soils. A lower content of sand and higher silt content is a reason of increasing soil organic matter stability. The statistically significant effect between soil texture and humic acids stability was observed only in arable soils.
The aim of this study was to determine the soil properties in the area of the former German Nazi ... more The aim of this study was to determine the soil properties in the area of the former German Nazi Contrentration Camp Stutthof (nowadays northern Poland) for possible reconstruction of the functional differentiation of individual parts of the camp. The soil samples were collected from the boreholes carried out at intervals of 10-30 m. The obtain results of phosphorus content in connection with other properties of soils (OC content, Nt, pH) led to the appointment of additional indicators of the past human activity.
EQ, 2013
The aim of the study was to assess suitability of colour aerial photographs for mapping of soil c... more The aim of the study was to assess suitability of colour aerial photographs for mapping of soil cover transformed due to effect of anthropogenic denudation. The investigation was carried out in south-western part of the Brodnica Landscape Park, within the boundaries of rolling and hilly moraine plateau, used for agricultural purposes. The soil cover of that area is exposed to intensive influence of slope processes triggered by human agricultural activity. The anthropogenic denudation leads to truncation of soil profiles of top convex sections of slopes and hills' summits. Soil material moved down the slopes is accumulated in the form of diluvium in hollows and lower sections of slopes. Two study sites were selected -Sumówko and Zbiczno. Within the boundaries of both study sites, detailed soil mapping took place consisting in preparation of irregular boreholes projection. Next, four sites were selected for soil pits, representing broad spectrum of transformations related to anthropogenic denudation. Based on obtained results and colour diversity of surface horizons, the spatial range of individual soil types was specified. It also enabled determination of anthropogenic denudation impact on formation of the soil cover. Totally eroded soils, classified as pelosols, located on hills' summits, are characterized by very bright colours of surface horizons, resulting from content of calcium carbonate in glacial tills. The range of soil lessivés, prevailing within the slopes boundaries, where the erosion resulted in exposure of argic horizons rich in iron compounds and clay fraction, coincided with occurrence of brown colours. Bright grey surface horizons are characteristic of deluvial soils. This colour arises from sandy texture of deluvial material (low content of iron) in combination with humus nature. The soils located in relatively vast field depressions were covered with small thickness of diluvium, which was reflected in dark grey colours of surface horizons. These horizons are relatively rich in soil humus. Significant amounts of humus are related with mix of deluvial material with material formed in humus horizons, originally occurring on surfaces of soils rich in organic matter -black earths and organic soils.
EQ, 2013
The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of aerial photos for mapping the soils of dwin... more The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of aerial photos for mapping the soils of dwindling lakes catchment areas. The study area is located in the North Poland, within the Brodnica Lakeland and it includes the direct catchment area of dwindling Sumowskie Lakes. There were three test area established for soil mapping. The photointerpretation was based on both immediate properties (colour of topsoil) for ploughed cultivated fields, and intermediate properties (vegetation and relief) for the areas of forests, shrubs or permanent pasture. The obtained results confirm the high usability of the cartographic materials such as aerial photographs and topographic maps for studies on specifications of areas such as the vicinities of dwindling lakes.
Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 2012
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine properties of organic matter contributing in form... more ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine properties of organic matter contributing in formation of soil aggregates. Soil samples were collected from the plough layer from three variants (control, manure, NPK) of the long-term (55years) static fertilizer experiment. Soil aggregates were separated from soil samples by a new method using methanol–water solutions. The stability of all aggregates decreased with increase of water content in solution. Most water-resistant aggregates were in the soil fertilized with manure and least in the soil fertilized with NPK. Organic carbon content in aggregates presented highest in manured soil. Organic carbon content was lower, and the sum of humic and fulvic acids carbon was higher in aggregates separated with methanol solutions than those in aggregates separated with water.
Limnological Review, 2010
Lake disappearing is a natural process which contemporarily escalates in consequence of human act... more Lake disappearing is a natural process which contemporarily escalates in consequence of human activity. It is estimated that within the area of Northern Poland from the last glaciation period (ca. 17 000 years ago) a half of lakes totally have disappeared. Areas exposed after water basins desiccation have become native rocks for new soils. Reduced water level results in changes of morphology and properties of the soils situated in direct vicinity of former water basins. The aim of this study was to estimate impact of the catchment groundwater level fall on morphology and properties of direct lake catchment soils, exemplified by the lake Sumowko (Northern Poland) as well as description of new soils formed of lake sediments. The analysis covered 11 soil profiles emerging within former lake basin (newly formed soils) and soils from direct vicinity of former lake (modified through ground water level fall). Obtained results prove that newly formed soils (Limnic Histosol Drainic and Haplic Gleysol) in majority are utilized as grasslands. Soils of the former lake surroundings prove relic features of gleying while they are also subject to mucking process because of dehydration.
Środowisko – Człowiek – Cywilizacja. t. 2. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania lokalizacji osadnictwa, red. L. Domańska, P. Kittel, J. Forysiak, Poznań 2009, s. 109-122., 2009
Site 3–6 in Ruda, Grudziądz district, is situated in southern part of the Grudziądz Basin, just a... more Site 3–6 in Ruda, Grudziądz district, is situated in southern part of the Grudziądz Basin, just at the foot of the brink of Vistula Valley, on the flat, vast headland, sloping towards the river. The motorway Investigations Team at the Institute of Archaeology Nicolas Copernic University, during their research in years 2000–2002, found some evidence of settlement that had existed there in the later Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. The site of the Lusatian Urnfield Culture included remains of homesteads composed of dwellings of different purpose as well as pits of various functions. Archaeological material from the site is represented by abundant set of ceramic dishes fragments, dishes and ornaments of bronze and first found in Chełmno Land metallurgical clay casting moulds as well as tools of stone and flint. Numerous and diverse set of collected plants, cereals, weeds and carbonised remains of various timber species
have been discovered in number of pits. Pieces of domestic and wild animal bones and mollusc shells represent are also known from the site. The use of animals and plants is represented by biogenic materials discovered in cultural layers. Soil samples, analysed with regard to phosphorus content, present diverse values of that element in pits. Archaeological finds together botanical and zoological evidence provide a unique opportunity for interpretation of economy, spatial settlement organisation and farming characteristic for the Lusatian Urnfield Culture communities.
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Papers by Maciej Markiewicz
http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/jEbPkZNRppEDSN473Y9F/full
The record of changes in the environment caused by techno- and anthropopressure is undoubtedly reflected in soil morphology and properties. Scientific information regarding the chemical composition of soils in genocide areas is limited. The aim of this investigation is the assessment of the geochemistry of soils of the German Nazi concentration camp in Stutthof. The Stutthof concentration camp was located on the periphery of the Vistula Spit in northern Poland, and was in operation from 1939 to 1945 during World War II. A total of 65,000 people died as a result of exterminating living conditions as well as executions. Forty-five soil sampling points were selected in various parts of the camp. Total phosphorus, organic matter and arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg) contents were determined. It has been observed that the mean on-site concentrations of all trace elements were generally higher than their background. The reason for enrichment was heavy techno- and anthropopressure caused by extreme density of prisoners during the time when the camp operated. The soils of the German Nazi Stutthof concentration camp have clearly been transformed due to mass killing of a large number of human beings. Such a relation is clearly evidenced by the elevated phosphorus content.
have been discovered in number of pits. Pieces of domestic and wild animal bones and mollusc shells represent are also known from the site. The use of animals and plants is represented by biogenic materials discovered in cultural layers. Soil samples, analysed with regard to phosphorus content, present diverse values of that element in pits. Archaeological finds together botanical and zoological evidence provide a unique opportunity for interpretation of economy, spatial settlement organisation and farming characteristic for the Lusatian Urnfield Culture communities.
http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/jEbPkZNRppEDSN473Y9F/full
The record of changes in the environment caused by techno- and anthropopressure is undoubtedly reflected in soil morphology and properties. Scientific information regarding the chemical composition of soils in genocide areas is limited. The aim of this investigation is the assessment of the geochemistry of soils of the German Nazi concentration camp in Stutthof. The Stutthof concentration camp was located on the periphery of the Vistula Spit in northern Poland, and was in operation from 1939 to 1945 during World War II. A total of 65,000 people died as a result of exterminating living conditions as well as executions. Forty-five soil sampling points were selected in various parts of the camp. Total phosphorus, organic matter and arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg) contents were determined. It has been observed that the mean on-site concentrations of all trace elements were generally higher than their background. The reason for enrichment was heavy techno- and anthropopressure caused by extreme density of prisoners during the time when the camp operated. The soils of the German Nazi Stutthof concentration camp have clearly been transformed due to mass killing of a large number of human beings. Such a relation is clearly evidenced by the elevated phosphorus content.
have been discovered in number of pits. Pieces of domestic and wild animal bones and mollusc shells represent are also known from the site. The use of animals and plants is represented by biogenic materials discovered in cultural layers. Soil samples, analysed with regard to phosphorus content, present diverse values of that element in pits. Archaeological finds together botanical and zoological evidence provide a unique opportunity for interpretation of economy, spatial settlement organisation and farming characteristic for the Lusatian Urnfield Culture communities.