The proceeding at: 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON2015, took... more The proceeding at: 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON2015, took place at 2015, July 5-9, in Budapest, (Hungary).Broadband access networks needs specific monitoring techniques at the physical layer to provide the quality of service required by the users. Similarities between sensor and access networks will be analysed to get best practices in both scenarios to provide novel monitoring and self-reference techniques.This work has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economía y Competitividad under projects TEC2012-37983-C03-02 (CFOOT-TIC) and TEC2009-14718-C03-03, and support from the Comunidad de Madrid project under grant S2013/MIT-2790 (SINFOTON-CM).publicad
2020 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), 2020
The telecom network ecosystem is currently facing unprecedented challenges driven by new consumer... more The telecom network ecosystem is currently facing unprecedented challenges driven by new consumer habits in digitalization and 5G mobile communications. In this paper, multi-PON technology and open access for higher speed PON evolution and virtualization are described and discussed from a network operator perspective.
IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2021
The surge in Internet usage and connectivity worldwide coupled with the emergence of 5G mobile co... more The surge in Internet usage and connectivity worldwide coupled with the emergence of 5G mobile communications has amplified the need for a scalable and sustainable telco networking model. This paper outlines our Open Broadband trial in Brazil and the journey to open software and whitebox hardware as a practical approach to scaling fiber access networks enabling integration into a software-defined network controlled environment while transitioning away from vertically integrated models featuring black box passive optical network (PON) solutions. A key part of this journey is multi-PON capable whitebox optical line terminals (OLTs) with combo-PON (C-PON) optics that play a key role in bridging the transition from G-PON to XGS-PON.
Future high capacity of the 5G radio environment will boost transport networks to be adapted. The... more Future high capacity of the 5G radio environment will boost transport networks to be adapted. The high bandwidth, together with stringent delay and jitter requirements, make dedicated optical connectivity a preferred solution for fronthaul. Those Radio Access Networks (RAN) apart from higher capacity and lower latency should have higher energy efficiency. Reliability becomes also critical as each Remote Radio Head (RRH) may connect several mobile users. Therefore, preventive and in-service remote fiber monitoring solutions are needed in order to timely detect and locate faults to shorten the service downtime. Meanwhile power over fiber can provide flexibility to those solutions while improving costs in those cases where RRH should be deployed in places lacking external power supply in order to fulfill the desired coverage. Different monitoring and remote powering techniques will be presented.
• Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos ... more • Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid en 2006 y 2007. • La Red Temática Europea SAMPA (HPRN-CT-2002-00202) del 5 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • La Acción Europea FIDES (COST Action 299) del 6 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • Y, porúltimo, las Redes de Excelencia Europea ePhoton/ONe+ (FP6-IST-027497) y BONE (FP7-ICT-216863), del 6 o y 7 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea, respectivamente. Este trabajo es el resultado de mucho esfuerzo y una extensa colaboración entre múltiples personas, sin todas ellas no hubiera sido posible. ¡Muchas gracias a todos!.
2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2015
In this paper, we analyse promising network architectures with the potential to support the trans... more In this paper, we analyse promising network architectures with the potential to support the transport of 5G services. The main challenges of network architectures for functional and structural convergence between fixed and mobile networks are analysed. The potential technical and economic benefits of virtualization of mobile network functions are also discussed.
A new end to end architecture based on Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) with wireless ... more A new end to end architecture based on Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) with wireless integration, a distributed core built of optical transparency islands and an OpenFlow-based control plane, which is being developed in the EU project DISCUS, is described in this paper. The main technological advances and the network modelling and optimization approach are reported.
• Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos ... more • Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid en 2006 y 2007. • La Red Temática Europea SAMPA (HPRN-CT-2002-00202) del 5 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • La Acción Europea FIDES (COST Action 299) del 6 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • Y, porúltimo, las Redes de Excelencia Europea ePhoton/ONe+ (FP6-IST-027497) y BONE (FP7-ICT-216863), del 6 o y 7 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea, respectivamente. Este trabajo es el resultado de mucho esfuerzo y una extensa colaboración entre múltiples personas, sin todas ellas no hubiera sido posible. ¡Muchas gracias a todos!.
With one third of the world population online in 2013 and an international Internet bandwidth mul... more With one third of the world population online in 2013 and an international Internet bandwidth multiplied by more than eight since 2006, the ICT sector is a non-negligible contributor of worldwide greenhouse gases emissions and power consumption. Indeed, power consumption of telecommunication networks has become a major concern for all the actors of the domain, and efforts are made to reduce their impact on the overall figure of ICTs, and to support its foreseen growth in a sustainable way. In this context, the contributors of the European Network of Excellence TREND have developed innovative solutions to improve the energy efficiency of networks. This paper gives an overview of the solutions related to optical networks. Index Terms-Optical fiber communication, optical core networks, optical access networks; energy efficiency I. INTRODUCTION Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are often presented as solutions to reduce the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Indeed they allow dematerialization (electronic documents instead of paper) and potentially can Manuscript received February 2 2013. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n. 257740 (Network of Excellence "TREND").
A Radio-Frequency (RF) Ring Resonator (RR) Fibre-Optic sensor (FOS) configuration is theoreticall... more A Radio-Frequency (RF) Ring Resonator (RR) Fibre-Optic sensor (FOS) configuration is theoretically analyzed and a specific example to show the principle of operation is reported: an intensity-encoded fiber-optic sensor prototype based on the optical losses due to fibre curvature. The proposed configuration can be used for self-referencing purposes and to improve sensitivity as regards the measurand in any intensity fibre-optic sensor. Light intensity fluctuations to be measured are converted to ring resonator losses that produce high amplitude variations of the transfer function of the ring resonator. The use of an Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EDWA) offers the theoretical possibility of increasing sensitivities to the greatest extent previously reported. A proper selection of the ring resonator point of operation is achieved using an optical attenuator, a variable coupling ratio coupler and an EDWA if needed. Modulation of the optical carrier by a RF signal allows overcoming possible instabilities due to environmental perturbations and simplifying the detection electronics. Two self-reference techniques to overcome unwanted source and local intensity fluctuations are developed. Both self-referencing techniques avoid possible intensity fluctuations because of long leads perturbations, in case of remote operation. Temperature effect on the measurements is also discussed.
In this paper, the dispersive properties of the optical ring resonator (RR) with an internal Sagn... more In this paper, the dispersive properties of the optical ring resonator (RR) with an internal Sagnac (SG) loop filter are studied for chromatic dispersion managing in digital transmission systems over amplified single-mode fiber (SMF) spans in DWDM backbone networks. Design issues for the architecture as regards quadratic dispersion and magnitude distortion are provided. The RR+SG compound filter provides frequency tunability of the dispersion peaks by adjusting a coupling coefficient of an optical coupler, with no need for using integrated thermo-optic nor current-injection based phase shifters. The configuration can be employed as an additional structure for a general RR-based design and synthesis architecture, allowing bandwidth increase of dispersion compensators. The performance of a compound filter consisting of a two RR in series stage and a RR+SG filter has been simulated over a 200 km amplified SMF span model, obtaining a power penalty enhancement >3 dB for a 5 Gb/s NRZ transmission with a bit error rate (BER) of 10-9. Comparative simulations with regards to a dispersion compensating fiber span show that the compound filter is a much more compact and effective solution for existing multi-channel SMF backbone links operating at high bit rates.
Telecom networks consume a considerable amount of electrical energy and according to the environm... more Telecom networks consume a considerable amount of electrical energy and according to the environmental guidelines, just as other businesses, telecom should aim at continuously lowering this consumption. Still in a telecom network a lot of the energy consumption is hidden under the radar, as a large part of the energy consumption is caused by the customer premises equipment (CPE), often installed by the network operator. As this equipment is consuming energy from the customer's side, the telecom operator is not confronted with the energy consumption of this equipment. This also means that the operator gains by any reduction in the cost of the CPE, regardless of whether this involves the installation of less energy efficient equipment. In this paper we investigate the use of a bridged CPE solution and a home router virtualization network solution, in which part of the functionality of a CPE is moved into the network operator equipment and as such reduce the energy consumption by equipment aggregation and specialization. In this paper, we show that this will at the same time reduce costs and as such could be a positive action for the operator, simultaneously reducing the power consumption of the CPE. On top of this bridged CPE, the incentives required to stimulate operators to introduce more energy efficient CPE equipment faster in the network are estimated. Finally, by means of game theory, we propose a method to investigate how the incentives should be placed in order to stimulate green FTTH massive deployments.
Page 1. Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate and comparatively analyze new techniques for indi... more Page 1. Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate and comparatively analyze new techniques for individual fibre-attenuation, fault detection and simultaneous remote temperature measurements in PONs based on remote reflective filters and radio-frequency techniques. ...
2013 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Green ICT (TIWDC), 2013
ABSTRACT In this paper, we assess the energy efficiency of various optical access solutions inclu... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we assess the energy efficiency of various optical access solutions including both the telecom operator and the end user side. We compare different next-generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs) to a baseline GPON deployment offering similar bandwidths and Quality of Service (QoS) for best-effort high speed connectivity services. For the operator side, we follow two approaches: first, we consider a fixed split ratio (1:64) in an existing optical distribution network (ODN); next, we consider an upgraded ODN with an optimized split ratio for specific bandwidth and QoS values. For medium bandwidth demands, our results show that legacy PONs can be upgraded to XG-PON without any ODN modification. For future applications that may require access rates up to 1 Gb/s, NG-PON2 technologies with higher split ratios and increased reach become more interesting systems, offering the potential for both increased energy efficiency and node consolidation. For the user side, we consider power consumption of the optical network unit (ONU), installed at the customer premises, incorporating several energy saving mechanisms. Combining our results for the central office and ONU side, we see that XLG-PON (using a bit-interleaving protocol) and TWDM-PON (using a standard protocol) consume the lowest power per user among the different NG-PON2 technology candidates.
39th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC 2013), 2000
ABSTRACT Energy consumption of Next-Generation PONs is estimated in a major European city deploym... more ABSTRACT Energy consumption of Next-Generation PONs is estimated in a major European city deployment scenario. For a fair comparison, Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation and Quality of Service are considered when comparing the energy demand of high speed access for the different technologies.
The proceeding at: 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON2015, took... more The proceeding at: 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON2015, took place at 2015, July 5-9, in Budapest, (Hungary).Broadband access networks needs specific monitoring techniques at the physical layer to provide the quality of service required by the users. Similarities between sensor and access networks will be analysed to get best practices in both scenarios to provide novel monitoring and self-reference techniques.This work has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economía y Competitividad under projects TEC2012-37983-C03-02 (CFOOT-TIC) and TEC2009-14718-C03-03, and support from the Comunidad de Madrid project under grant S2013/MIT-2790 (SINFOTON-CM).publicad
2020 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), 2020
The telecom network ecosystem is currently facing unprecedented challenges driven by new consumer... more The telecom network ecosystem is currently facing unprecedented challenges driven by new consumer habits in digitalization and 5G mobile communications. In this paper, multi-PON technology and open access for higher speed PON evolution and virtualization are described and discussed from a network operator perspective.
IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2021
The surge in Internet usage and connectivity worldwide coupled with the emergence of 5G mobile co... more The surge in Internet usage and connectivity worldwide coupled with the emergence of 5G mobile communications has amplified the need for a scalable and sustainable telco networking model. This paper outlines our Open Broadband trial in Brazil and the journey to open software and whitebox hardware as a practical approach to scaling fiber access networks enabling integration into a software-defined network controlled environment while transitioning away from vertically integrated models featuring black box passive optical network (PON) solutions. A key part of this journey is multi-PON capable whitebox optical line terminals (OLTs) with combo-PON (C-PON) optics that play a key role in bridging the transition from G-PON to XGS-PON.
Future high capacity of the 5G radio environment will boost transport networks to be adapted. The... more Future high capacity of the 5G radio environment will boost transport networks to be adapted. The high bandwidth, together with stringent delay and jitter requirements, make dedicated optical connectivity a preferred solution for fronthaul. Those Radio Access Networks (RAN) apart from higher capacity and lower latency should have higher energy efficiency. Reliability becomes also critical as each Remote Radio Head (RRH) may connect several mobile users. Therefore, preventive and in-service remote fiber monitoring solutions are needed in order to timely detect and locate faults to shorten the service downtime. Meanwhile power over fiber can provide flexibility to those solutions while improving costs in those cases where RRH should be deployed in places lacking external power supply in order to fulfill the desired coverage. Different monitoring and remote powering techniques will be presented.
• Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos ... more • Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid en 2006 y 2007. • La Red Temática Europea SAMPA (HPRN-CT-2002-00202) del 5 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • La Acción Europea FIDES (COST Action 299) del 6 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • Y, porúltimo, las Redes de Excelencia Europea ePhoton/ONe+ (FP6-IST-027497) y BONE (FP7-ICT-216863), del 6 o y 7 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea, respectivamente. Este trabajo es el resultado de mucho esfuerzo y una extensa colaboración entre múltiples personas, sin todas ellas no hubiera sido posible. ¡Muchas gracias a todos!.
2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2015
In this paper, we analyse promising network architectures with the potential to support the trans... more In this paper, we analyse promising network architectures with the potential to support the transport of 5G services. The main challenges of network architectures for functional and structural convergence between fixed and mobile networks are analysed. The potential technical and economic benefits of virtualization of mobile network functions are also discussed.
A new end to end architecture based on Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) with wireless ... more A new end to end architecture based on Long-Reach Passive Optical Network (LR-PON) with wireless integration, a distributed core built of optical transparency islands and an OpenFlow-based control plane, which is being developed in the EU project DISCUS, is described in this paper. The main technological advances and the network modelling and optimization approach are reported.
• Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos ... more • Las ayudas a la movilidad de investigadores en formación que me concedió la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid en 2006 y 2007. • La Red Temática Europea SAMPA (HPRN-CT-2002-00202) del 5 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • La Acción Europea FIDES (COST Action 299) del 6 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea. • Y, porúltimo, las Redes de Excelencia Europea ePhoton/ONe+ (FP6-IST-027497) y BONE (FP7-ICT-216863), del 6 o y 7 o Programa Marco de la Unión Europea, respectivamente. Este trabajo es el resultado de mucho esfuerzo y una extensa colaboración entre múltiples personas, sin todas ellas no hubiera sido posible. ¡Muchas gracias a todos!.
With one third of the world population online in 2013 and an international Internet bandwidth mul... more With one third of the world population online in 2013 and an international Internet bandwidth multiplied by more than eight since 2006, the ICT sector is a non-negligible contributor of worldwide greenhouse gases emissions and power consumption. Indeed, power consumption of telecommunication networks has become a major concern for all the actors of the domain, and efforts are made to reduce their impact on the overall figure of ICTs, and to support its foreseen growth in a sustainable way. In this context, the contributors of the European Network of Excellence TREND have developed innovative solutions to improve the energy efficiency of networks. This paper gives an overview of the solutions related to optical networks. Index Terms-Optical fiber communication, optical core networks, optical access networks; energy efficiency I. INTRODUCTION Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are often presented as solutions to reduce the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Indeed they allow dematerialization (electronic documents instead of paper) and potentially can Manuscript received February 2 2013. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n. 257740 (Network of Excellence "TREND").
A Radio-Frequency (RF) Ring Resonator (RR) Fibre-Optic sensor (FOS) configuration is theoreticall... more A Radio-Frequency (RF) Ring Resonator (RR) Fibre-Optic sensor (FOS) configuration is theoretically analyzed and a specific example to show the principle of operation is reported: an intensity-encoded fiber-optic sensor prototype based on the optical losses due to fibre curvature. The proposed configuration can be used for self-referencing purposes and to improve sensitivity as regards the measurand in any intensity fibre-optic sensor. Light intensity fluctuations to be measured are converted to ring resonator losses that produce high amplitude variations of the transfer function of the ring resonator. The use of an Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifier (EDWA) offers the theoretical possibility of increasing sensitivities to the greatest extent previously reported. A proper selection of the ring resonator point of operation is achieved using an optical attenuator, a variable coupling ratio coupler and an EDWA if needed. Modulation of the optical carrier by a RF signal allows overcoming possible instabilities due to environmental perturbations and simplifying the detection electronics. Two self-reference techniques to overcome unwanted source and local intensity fluctuations are developed. Both self-referencing techniques avoid possible intensity fluctuations because of long leads perturbations, in case of remote operation. Temperature effect on the measurements is also discussed.
In this paper, the dispersive properties of the optical ring resonator (RR) with an internal Sagn... more In this paper, the dispersive properties of the optical ring resonator (RR) with an internal Sagnac (SG) loop filter are studied for chromatic dispersion managing in digital transmission systems over amplified single-mode fiber (SMF) spans in DWDM backbone networks. Design issues for the architecture as regards quadratic dispersion and magnitude distortion are provided. The RR+SG compound filter provides frequency tunability of the dispersion peaks by adjusting a coupling coefficient of an optical coupler, with no need for using integrated thermo-optic nor current-injection based phase shifters. The configuration can be employed as an additional structure for a general RR-based design and synthesis architecture, allowing bandwidth increase of dispersion compensators. The performance of a compound filter consisting of a two RR in series stage and a RR+SG filter has been simulated over a 200 km amplified SMF span model, obtaining a power penalty enhancement >3 dB for a 5 Gb/s NRZ transmission with a bit error rate (BER) of 10-9. Comparative simulations with regards to a dispersion compensating fiber span show that the compound filter is a much more compact and effective solution for existing multi-channel SMF backbone links operating at high bit rates.
Telecom networks consume a considerable amount of electrical energy and according to the environm... more Telecom networks consume a considerable amount of electrical energy and according to the environmental guidelines, just as other businesses, telecom should aim at continuously lowering this consumption. Still in a telecom network a lot of the energy consumption is hidden under the radar, as a large part of the energy consumption is caused by the customer premises equipment (CPE), often installed by the network operator. As this equipment is consuming energy from the customer's side, the telecom operator is not confronted with the energy consumption of this equipment. This also means that the operator gains by any reduction in the cost of the CPE, regardless of whether this involves the installation of less energy efficient equipment. In this paper we investigate the use of a bridged CPE solution and a home router virtualization network solution, in which part of the functionality of a CPE is moved into the network operator equipment and as such reduce the energy consumption by equipment aggregation and specialization. In this paper, we show that this will at the same time reduce costs and as such could be a positive action for the operator, simultaneously reducing the power consumption of the CPE. On top of this bridged CPE, the incentives required to stimulate operators to introduce more energy efficient CPE equipment faster in the network are estimated. Finally, by means of game theory, we propose a method to investigate how the incentives should be placed in order to stimulate green FTTH massive deployments.
Page 1. Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate and comparatively analyze new techniques for indi... more Page 1. Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate and comparatively analyze new techniques for individual fibre-attenuation, fault detection and simultaneous remote temperature measurements in PONs based on remote reflective filters and radio-frequency techniques. ...
2013 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications - Green ICT (TIWDC), 2013
ABSTRACT In this paper, we assess the energy efficiency of various optical access solutions inclu... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we assess the energy efficiency of various optical access solutions including both the telecom operator and the end user side. We compare different next-generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs) to a baseline GPON deployment offering similar bandwidths and Quality of Service (QoS) for best-effort high speed connectivity services. For the operator side, we follow two approaches: first, we consider a fixed split ratio (1:64) in an existing optical distribution network (ODN); next, we consider an upgraded ODN with an optimized split ratio for specific bandwidth and QoS values. For medium bandwidth demands, our results show that legacy PONs can be upgraded to XG-PON without any ODN modification. For future applications that may require access rates up to 1 Gb/s, NG-PON2 technologies with higher split ratios and increased reach become more interesting systems, offering the potential for both increased energy efficiency and node consolidation. For the user side, we consider power consumption of the optical network unit (ONU), installed at the customer premises, incorporating several energy saving mechanisms. Combining our results for the central office and ONU side, we see that XLG-PON (using a bit-interleaving protocol) and TWDM-PON (using a standard protocol) consume the lowest power per user among the different NG-PON2 technology candidates.
39th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC 2013), 2000
ABSTRACT Energy consumption of Next-Generation PONs is estimated in a major European city deploym... more ABSTRACT Energy consumption of Next-Generation PONs is estimated in a major European city deployment scenario. For a fair comparison, Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation and Quality of Service are considered when comparing the energy demand of high speed access for the different technologies.
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Papers by Julio Montalvo