Aim: The cardioprotective effects of thoracal epidural anesthesia (TEA) are induced by the expres... more Aim: The cardioprotective effects of thoracal epidural anesthesia (TEA) are induced by the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. When general anaesthesia (GA) is combined with TEA during coronary artery bypass graft, we investigated whether TEA together with GA play a role on VEGF and i-NOS expression in human heart tissue in cardiac ischemia. Methods: Right atrial biopsy samples were taken before CPB, before aortic cross clamp (ACC) and at 15 min after ACC release (after ischemia and reperfusion). Human heart tissues were obtained from the TEA+GA and GA groups. Immunocytochemistry was performed using antibodies for VEGF and i-NOS. Results: Both VEGF and i-NOS immunoreactivity was observed in cardiomyocytes and arteriol walls. Although VEGF and i-NOS immunoreactivity was apparent in both groups,, immunostaining intensity was greater in the TEA+GA group than the GA group. Between groups, at 4 h and at 24 h after the end of CPB, the cardiac index (CI) was significantly higher in the TEA+GA group than GA group (3.4+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 2.5+/-0.8 L/min/m(2); P<0.001), (3.8+/-1.1 L/min/m(2) vs 3.1+/-1.1 L/min/m(2); P<0.008) respectively. Within groups, at 4 and 24 h after the end of CPB, the CI was significantly higher in the TEA+GA group than baseline values, (3.4+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 2.4+/-0.7 L/min/m(2); P<0.001), (3.8 +/-1.1 L/min/m(2) vs 2.4+/-0.7 L/min/m(2); P<0.001) respectively, but no difference was found in the GA group (2.6+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 2.5+/-0.8 L/min/m(2); P>0.05), (2.6+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 3.1+/-1.1 L/min/m(2); P>0.05) respectively. After ACC release, 11/40 (27.5%) patients in the TEA+GA group showed ventricular fibrillation (VF), atrial fibrillation or heart block versus 25/40 (62.5%) of those in the GA group. VF after ACC release in the TEA+GA group (9/20 patients, 22.5%) was significantly lower than in the GA group (21/40 patients, 52.5%); (P<0.006). Sinus rhythm after ACC release in the TEA+GA group (29/40 patients, 72.5%) was significantly higher than in the GA group (15/40 patients, 37.5%); (P<0.002). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that TEA plus GA in coronary surgery preserve cardiac function via increased expression of VEGF and i-NOS, improved hemodynamic function and reduced arrhythmias after ACC release.
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is normally a branch of the vertebral artery. In ... more The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is normally a branch of the vertebral artery. In this rare case, the unilateral left vertebral artery continued its course as the left PICA, and an extremely small caliber left vertebral artery joined the right vertebral artery to form the basilar artery. This rare feature of the PICA is demonstrated and its relation to neighboring structures is discussed. Also, the literature concerning the PICA is reviewed.
SIRTs are described in the deacetylases class III family. The members which are induced by nicoti... more SIRTs are described in the deacetylases class III family. The members which are induced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) and are closely associated with various deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) histone proteins. In humans, SIRTs family is composed of seven members; SIRT1-SIRT7. The majority of SIRTs show NAD +-dependent deacetylase activity. SIRT4 and SIRT6 function as mono-adenosine triphosphate-ribosyl transferase. SIRT5 besides deacetylation, it can also generate demalonylation and desuccinylation. The presence of SIRTs has been reported to be present in various compartments in the cell for example; SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 was located in the nucleus, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in the mitochondria and SIRT2 in the cytosol. Recents investigations demonstrated active involvement of
Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblas... more Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-b) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) regarding the pathogenesis of pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Study Design: An immunohistochemical analysis using anti-IGF-I, anti-FGF-b and anti-N-CAM antibodies was carried out on 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed placental tissues of third trimester pregnancies complicated with SGA fetuses (n ¼ 12) and subjects exhibiting appropriately grown fetuses (n ¼ 10). Immunostaining patterns of chorionic villi and amniochorionic membranes were assessed. Result: IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in chorionic villi demonstrated significantly increased immunoreactivities in cytotrophoblasts of SGA cases, whereas increased IGF-I immunostaining in syncitiotrophoblasts and increased N-CAM immunostaining in capillary endothelium were noted in the same group. IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in amniochorionic membranes revealed significantly decreased IGF-I immunoreactivities in extravillous trophoblasts and increased IGF-I immunoreactivities in decidual cells of SGA cases, while significantly decreased N-CAM immunoreactivities in both decidual cells and extravillous trophoblasts were noted. FGF-b immunostaining revealed no significant differences in both extravillous trophoblasts and decidual cells of SGA cases. Conclusion: Increased placental expression of IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to restore the impaired trophoblastic proliferation, migration and metabolism at all gestational stages by means of a positive feedback mechanism.
Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2008
Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblas... more Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-b) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) regarding the pathogenesis of pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Study Design: An immunohistochemical analysis using anti-IGF-I, anti-FGF-b and anti-N-CAM antibodies was carried out on 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed placental tissues of third trimester pregnancies complicated with SGA fetuses (n ¼ 12) and subjects exhibiting appropriately grown fetuses (n ¼ 10). Immunostaining patterns of chorionic villi and amniochorionic membranes were assessed. Result: IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in chorionic villi demonstrated significantly increased immunoreactivities in cytotrophoblasts of SGA cases, whereas increased IGF-I immunostaining in syncitiotrophoblasts and increased N-CAM immunostaining in capillary endothelium were noted in the same group. IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in amniochorionic membranes revealed significantly decreased IGF-I immunoreactivities in extravillous trophoblasts and increased IGF-I immunoreactivities in decidual cells of SGA cases, while significantly decreased N-CAM immunoreactivities in both decidual cells and extravillous trophoblasts were noted. FGF-b immunostaining revealed no significant differences in both extravillous trophoblasts and decidual cells of SGA cases. Conclusion: Increased placental expression of IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to restore the impaired trophoblastic proliferation, migration and metabolism at all gestational stages by means of a positive feedback mechanism.
Purpose: Human falx cerebelli is an important anatomical structure in regard to its relations wit... more Purpose: Human falx cerebelli is an important anatomical structure in regard to its relations with venous structures during infratentorial approach to reach cerebellar tumors, vascular malformations, traumatic hemorrhage and Chiari malformations. The present study aim to describe the different types of variations of the falx cerebelli, its morphological features and its association with occipital venous sinuses. Method: In this study 49 dura mater was obtained from the Institution of Forensic Medicine. The length, width and the depth of the falx cerebelli were measured using a digital compass. The data obtained were statistically analyzed in relation to age and gender. The relations of the falx cerebelli with the occipital sinus was documented. Histological sections from the falx cerebelli were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin to evaluate the fine structure. Results: Among the 49 falx cerebelli examined 36 (73.5%) were classified as normal. The average length, width and depth of the normal falx cerebelli was 3.7, 1.0 and 0.4 cm respectively. Of the 49 falx cerebelli in 1 (2%) case it was absent, in 5 cases (10.2%) duplicate, in 5 cases (10.2%) triplicate, in 1 (2%) case quadruplets and in 1 case (2%) it was five-folded. The proximal and the distal attachments of the falx cerebelli showed 3 types of variations; both attachments triangular, the proximal attachments triangular and the distal ramified and distal attachments triangular and the proximal attachments ramified. The drainage of the occipital sinus of falx cerebelli with variations were evaluated. The increased number of falx cerebelli highly corresponded with the increased number of occipital sinus. Conclusions: The dural-venous variation in the posterior cranial fossa can be problematic in various diagnostic and operative procedures of this region. Neurosurgeons should be aware of such variations, as these could be potential sources of haemorrhage during the midline suboccipital and infratentorial approaches.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı değişik tespit solusyonlarıyla perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemler... more Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı değişik tespit solusyonlarıyla perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemlerini kullanarak farklı dokularda oluşan histolojik farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Wistar cinsi dişi sıçanlar perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemleri kullanılarak tespit edildi. Sıçanların beyin, karaciğer, böbrek ve ovaryum gibi çeşitli organlarından doku örnekleri alındı. Tespit sırasında 0.1 M fosfat tamponlu % 10 formalin, 0.1 M kakodilat tamponlu % 4 paraformaldehit ve 0.1 M kakodilat tamponlu % 2.5 gluteraldehit (CaCl2 ve MgCl2&#39;lü) olmak üzere değişik tespit solusyonları kullanıldı. Perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemlerinin avantajları ve dezavantajları değerlendirildi. Doku kesitleri tespit artefaktları, tespit gradienti ve doku komponentlerinde oluşan değişiklikler bakımından incelendi. Bulgular: Mikroskobik incelemeler sonucunda perfüzyonun doku morfolojisini daha iyi koruduğu görüldü. Tespit solusyonlarıyla yaptığımız karşılaştırmada da 0.1 M kakodilat tamponlu % 4 paraformaldehit perfüzyonuyla iyi sonuçlar elde edildi. Sonuç: Perfüzyon yöntemiyle tespit solusyonu hücrelere vasküler sistem aracılığıyla hızlı bir şekilde ulaştığından dokuda istenmeyen tespit artefaktları ortadan kaldırıldı. Anahtar Kelime: Sıçanlar Solüsyonlar Işık Histositolojik preparasyon teknikleri İmmersiyon tesbit teknikleri Tespit solüsyonları Histolojik teknikler Mikroskopi Perfüzyon Doku tesbiti İmersiyon Sitolojik teknikler
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts can differentiate... more Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts can differentiate into neuronal cells by treatment with retinoic acid (RA). ES cells cultured as aggregates and as single cell suspensions were then exposed to RA which induced multiple phenotypes of neuronal cells. Differentiation was dependent on the concentration of RA and the time of exposure. In this study, we cultured ES cells as a suspension in which they formed embryoid bodies (EBs). The EBs were treated with varying concentrations of RA for differing times. We used increasing concentrations of RA (50 nM, 100 nM, 1 �M, and 3 �M) prepared from a stock of 10 mM RA in DMSO. Immunocytochemistry staining was carried out on 2, 5, 7, and 9 days of culture. We formed EBs for 4 days with standard ES cell medium (without LIF) plus an additional 4 days of treatment with 1 �M RA. ES cells were treated with 1 �M RA for 2 days in suspension culture. Two-day-old EBs plated on culture dishes were treated with 1 ...
The definitions concerning the fascia pretrachealis is either contradictory or insufficient in an... more The definitions concerning the fascia pretrachealis is either contradictory or insufficient in anatomy textbooks. The fascia pretrachealis is clinically important in the procedure of tracheostomy, mediastinascopy and also in tracheal and bronchial trauma. The anatomy of the fascia pretrachealis (extension, relation and the attachments) was reexamined using cadaveric preparations and the clinical value of the fascia is reinforced. The fascia pretrachealis is attached to the upper brim and to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and continued its course on the anterior surface of the trachea and fused with the advantitia of arch of the aorta, posterior aspect of pulmonary artery and the pericardium. Laterally it is attached to the cartilagenous part of the trachea. Also contraversial literature concerning description of the fascia pretrachealis has been evaluated.
Hypothalamic expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was quantified morphologically... more Hypothalamic expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was quantified morphologically in dwarf mice which exhibit spontaneous genetic GH absence. Mouse GHRH mRNA was assessed by in situ hybridization; densitometric evaluation of total mRNA in dwarfs showed levels 2.3-fold higher than in phenotypically normal siblings (p &lt; 0.01); assessment of mRNA per neuron by autoradiographic grain counting indicated a 2.5-fold increase per cell in dwarfs (p &lt; 0.005). GHRH peptide was evaluated immunocytochemically using a new mouse-specific antiserum; numbers of neurons containing detectable levels were 3-fold higher in dwarfs (p &lt; 0.005). The increase in GHRH mRNA corroborates that reported previously in the GH-deficient little mouse, and after hypophysectomy in rats; GHRH peptide increase contrasts with previous reports of the effect of acute GH removal by hypophysectomy, in which GHRH levels fell. The results suggest that chronic GH deficiency is accompanied by increased translation as well as transcription of GHRH.
We described a fetus who is delivered at 32.weeks of gestation by elective cesarian because of th... more We described a fetus who is delivered at 32.weeks of gestation by elective cesarian because of the fetal anhydria and unilateral hydronephrosis.A breech coming,1950 gr, 44 cm a newborn was delivered with multiple malformations and postpartum he didn't cry and siyanosis was appeared. After first interventions the newborns respiration didn't start and bradicardy occured. For this reasons entubation was needed but several trials concluded with lack of success. There was no response to resuscitation and newborn was accepted dead. The first physical examination of the newborn,tracheal atresia, webs, left microophthalmy, bilateral corneal opaque points, bilateral finger and toes syndactyly, hypospadias, low set ears were determined. Postpartum, by our first physical examination we determined bilateral finger and toes syndactylies, laryngeal atresia, hypospadias, micreophthalmia, development abnormality of right palpeprally, absence of the eyelash at the medially part of the right palpepra and there is a adherance between the palpepra and cornea, broad nose with low nasal bridge and the left corneal opasity. These and postmortem autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of Fraser syndrome.In this report we will focus on postpartum examinations of severe olygohidroamnios in families even if hiperechogenic lungs, previously similarly affected children.
ABSTRACT Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates homophilic adhesion between cells and het... more ABSTRACT Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates homophilic adhesion between cells and heterophilic adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix in a Ca2+-independent manner. N-CAM is widely expressed during development and plays a crucial role in cell division, migration, and differentiation, but its expression is restricted in adults. The distribution of N-CAM immunoreactivity in adult rat tissues was investigated in the present study. N-CAM immunoreactivity was present in the nervous system in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, ependymal cells surrounding the central canal, axons of the white matter, and in Lamina X of the gray matter of the spinal cord. N-CAM immunoreactivity also was found in autonomic nerves. In the digestive system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was found in the stratified squamous epithelium and nerve plexus of the esophagus, glandular cells of the stomach and pylorus, lamina propria, and epithelium of the villi of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. N-CAM immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis, islets of Langerhans, and acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. Alveolar cells of the lung were also N-CAM immunoreactive. In the urinary system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was seen in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. In the male reproductive system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the nerve plexus around the urethral epithelium and in the nerve fibers around the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum penis. In the visual system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was seen in the epithelial cells of the corpus ciliaris. Cornea and lens epithelium also showed positive immunoreactivity. Our results suggest that cells in many tissues and organs of the adult rat synthesize N-CAM.
Background: Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment. What is known about the ef... more Background: Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment. What is known about the effects of implantoplasty on peri-implant soft tissue adhesion and cell behaviors is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological features and adhesion capacity of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells onto sand-blasted, largegrit, acid-etched (SLA ®) titanium (Ti) discs surfaces roughened with different implantoplasty protocols. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 48 Ti discs divided into four groups (n=12) per group: Group I: machined, smooth surface discs; Group II: SLA ® surface discs; Group III: SLA ® surface discs roughened with diamond bur sequence (40 and 15-μm grit); Group IV: SLA ® surface discs roughened with diamond bur sequence (125 and 40-μm grit). Following polishing procedure, the surface roughness value of discs were assessed by a profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). HGFs were cultured on Ti discs and cell adhesion was examined after the 24 th , 48 th , and 72 nd hours. Statistical significance was set at the p≤0.05 level. Results: SEM analyses of the discs revealed that fibroblasts exhibited well-dispersion and a firm attachment in all groups. The cells in group I and II had thin and long radial extensions from the areas where the nucleus was located to the periphery; however attached cells in group III and IV showed more spindle-shaped morphology. The surface roughness parameters of the test groups were lower than those of the SLA ®. The SLA ® group showed the highest HGF adhesion (group II) (p≤0.05). HGF adhesion in group IV was greater compared to group III, but less than group I. Conclusions: This study showed that the characteristics of the burs applied in the implantoplasty protocol are determinant for the surface roughness and fibroblast adhesion occurs on surfaces with decrased roughness following implantoplasty. Consequently, it should be kept in mind that the surface properties of the implant may affect the adherent cell morphology and adhesion.
and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and... more and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and then the testes removed as in group 4. Both testicles were examined histologically, with apoptosis detected using the in situ DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) system, with combined enzymology and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS In groups 2 (torsion) and 3 (detorsion), light microscopy of the testis showed some degenerative changes in the germ cells. Compared to group 1, apoptosis was more significant in group 3 than in the other groups. Group 4 (torsion/IGF-1) had a similar number of apoptotic germ cells as in group 2 (torsion) after 24 h, but fewer than the same group after 4 h. In group 5 (detorsion/IGF-1), apoptosis was reduced by IGF-1 significantly more than in group 3 (P < 0.05). Apoptosis was significantly less in spermatids in group 5 than in group 3 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 seems to lower the levels of germ cell apoptosis, which may be important for protecting the testes from torsion/detorsion injury. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate this protective effect in testicular torsion/detorsion.
and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and... more and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and then the testes removed as in group 4. Both testicles were examined histologically, with apoptosis detected using the in situ DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) system, with combined enzymology and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS In groups 2 (torsion) and 3 (detorsion), light microscopy of the testis showed some degenerative changes in the germ cells. Compared to group 1, apoptosis was more significant in group 3 than in the other groups. Group 4 (torsion/IGF-1) had a similar number of apoptotic germ cells as in group 2 (torsion) after 24 h, but fewer than the same group after 4 h. In group 5 (detorsion/IGF-1), apoptosis was reduced by IGF-1 significantly more than in group 3 (P < 0.05). Apoptosis was significantly less in spermatids in group 5 than in group 3 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 seems to lower the levels of germ cell apoptosis, which may be important for protecting the testes from torsion/detorsion injury. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate this protective effect in testicular torsion/detorsion.
Electron microscopic examination was performed to show the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha... more Electron microscopic examination was performed to show the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on Paneth and goblet cells in rat intestines. After the administration of IFN-alpha (70,000 IU/kg), many cells of both types were depleted of secretory granules and their apical membranes had the deep cavitation that accompanies recent compound exocytotic activity. These results may indicate the involvement of these cells in the inflammatory reactions via IFN-alpha and this model provides a powerful tool to study differential effects of IFN-alpha on Paneth and goblet cells.
The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation ... more The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation of tele-medicine systems has. Telerounding is one specific subset of telemedicine where a team of physicians will gather in a specific location and use a telepresence robot to perform their day to day rounding procedures. This type of telemedicine is fairly new, and thus is lacking a solid research base to guide the implementa-tion and usage of such a system. This paper is an initial attempt at a comprehensive list of best practices for such a system and is based off of current telemedicine literature as well as the experience of the authors.
The histopathological effects of cholesterol and the protective effects of vitamin E and selenium... more The histopathological effects of cholesterol and the protective effects of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on renal histology were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. Light-microscopic evaluation of the renal cortex revealed: glomerular fibrosis, cellular and mesangial proliferation, capillary obliteration and cholesterol crystals in the tubular lumina of the cholesterol-fed group. These results suggest that oxidated LDL (O-LDL) is a cytotoxic factor which stimulates mesangial cell and matrix proliferation. Ultrastructurally, small and large lipid vacuolization in intracapillary lumina, adhesion of epithelial foot processes, mesangial foam cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in the cholesterol-fed group. In the groups fed cholesterol + vitamin E, cholesterol + Se and cholesterol + vitamin E + Se, morphological improvements were observed. It appeared that an excess in O-LDL, reactive oxygen species and growth factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulo...
Aim: The cardioprotective effects of thoracal epidural anesthesia (TEA) are induced by the expres... more Aim: The cardioprotective effects of thoracal epidural anesthesia (TEA) are induced by the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. When general anaesthesia (GA) is combined with TEA during coronary artery bypass graft, we investigated whether TEA together with GA play a role on VEGF and i-NOS expression in human heart tissue in cardiac ischemia. Methods: Right atrial biopsy samples were taken before CPB, before aortic cross clamp (ACC) and at 15 min after ACC release (after ischemia and reperfusion). Human heart tissues were obtained from the TEA+GA and GA groups. Immunocytochemistry was performed using antibodies for VEGF and i-NOS. Results: Both VEGF and i-NOS immunoreactivity was observed in cardiomyocytes and arteriol walls. Although VEGF and i-NOS immunoreactivity was apparent in both groups,, immunostaining intensity was greater in the TEA+GA group than the GA group. Between groups, at 4 h and at 24 h after the end of CPB, the cardiac index (CI) was significantly higher in the TEA+GA group than GA group (3.4+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 2.5+/-0.8 L/min/m(2); P<0.001), (3.8+/-1.1 L/min/m(2) vs 3.1+/-1.1 L/min/m(2); P<0.008) respectively. Within groups, at 4 and 24 h after the end of CPB, the CI was significantly higher in the TEA+GA group than baseline values, (3.4+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 2.4+/-0.7 L/min/m(2); P<0.001), (3.8 +/-1.1 L/min/m(2) vs 2.4+/-0.7 L/min/m(2); P<0.001) respectively, but no difference was found in the GA group (2.6+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 2.5+/-0.8 L/min/m(2); P>0.05), (2.6+/-0.8 L/min/m(2) vs 3.1+/-1.1 L/min/m(2); P>0.05) respectively. After ACC release, 11/40 (27.5%) patients in the TEA+GA group showed ventricular fibrillation (VF), atrial fibrillation or heart block versus 25/40 (62.5%) of those in the GA group. VF after ACC release in the TEA+GA group (9/20 patients, 22.5%) was significantly lower than in the GA group (21/40 patients, 52.5%); (P<0.006). Sinus rhythm after ACC release in the TEA+GA group (29/40 patients, 72.5%) was significantly higher than in the GA group (15/40 patients, 37.5%); (P<0.002). Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that TEA plus GA in coronary surgery preserve cardiac function via increased expression of VEGF and i-NOS, improved hemodynamic function and reduced arrhythmias after ACC release.
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is normally a branch of the vertebral artery. In ... more The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is normally a branch of the vertebral artery. In this rare case, the unilateral left vertebral artery continued its course as the left PICA, and an extremely small caliber left vertebral artery joined the right vertebral artery to form the basilar artery. This rare feature of the PICA is demonstrated and its relation to neighboring structures is discussed. Also, the literature concerning the PICA is reviewed.
SIRTs are described in the deacetylases class III family. The members which are induced by nicoti... more SIRTs are described in the deacetylases class III family. The members which are induced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) and are closely associated with various deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) histone proteins. In humans, SIRTs family is composed of seven members; SIRT1-SIRT7. The majority of SIRTs show NAD +-dependent deacetylase activity. SIRT4 and SIRT6 function as mono-adenosine triphosphate-ribosyl transferase. SIRT5 besides deacetylation, it can also generate demalonylation and desuccinylation. The presence of SIRTs has been reported to be present in various compartments in the cell for example; SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 was located in the nucleus, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in the mitochondria and SIRT2 in the cytosol. Recents investigations demonstrated active involvement of
Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblas... more Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-b) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) regarding the pathogenesis of pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Study Design: An immunohistochemical analysis using anti-IGF-I, anti-FGF-b and anti-N-CAM antibodies was carried out on 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed placental tissues of third trimester pregnancies complicated with SGA fetuses (n ¼ 12) and subjects exhibiting appropriately grown fetuses (n ¼ 10). Immunostaining patterns of chorionic villi and amniochorionic membranes were assessed. Result: IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in chorionic villi demonstrated significantly increased immunoreactivities in cytotrophoblasts of SGA cases, whereas increased IGF-I immunostaining in syncitiotrophoblasts and increased N-CAM immunostaining in capillary endothelium were noted in the same group. IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in amniochorionic membranes revealed significantly decreased IGF-I immunoreactivities in extravillous trophoblasts and increased IGF-I immunoreactivities in decidual cells of SGA cases, while significantly decreased N-CAM immunoreactivities in both decidual cells and extravillous trophoblasts were noted. FGF-b immunostaining revealed no significant differences in both extravillous trophoblasts and decidual cells of SGA cases. Conclusion: Increased placental expression of IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to restore the impaired trophoblastic proliferation, migration and metabolism at all gestational stages by means of a positive feedback mechanism.
Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2008
Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblas... more Objective: To investigate placental expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor-basic (FGF-b) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) regarding the pathogenesis of pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Study Design: An immunohistochemical analysis using anti-IGF-I, anti-FGF-b and anti-N-CAM antibodies was carried out on 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed placental tissues of third trimester pregnancies complicated with SGA fetuses (n ¼ 12) and subjects exhibiting appropriately grown fetuses (n ¼ 10). Immunostaining patterns of chorionic villi and amniochorionic membranes were assessed. Result: IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in chorionic villi demonstrated significantly increased immunoreactivities in cytotrophoblasts of SGA cases, whereas increased IGF-I immunostaining in syncitiotrophoblasts and increased N-CAM immunostaining in capillary endothelium were noted in the same group. IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM immunostainings in amniochorionic membranes revealed significantly decreased IGF-I immunoreactivities in extravillous trophoblasts and increased IGF-I immunoreactivities in decidual cells of SGA cases, while significantly decreased N-CAM immunoreactivities in both decidual cells and extravillous trophoblasts were noted. FGF-b immunostaining revealed no significant differences in both extravillous trophoblasts and decidual cells of SGA cases. Conclusion: Increased placental expression of IGF-I, FGF-b and N-CAM may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to restore the impaired trophoblastic proliferation, migration and metabolism at all gestational stages by means of a positive feedback mechanism.
Purpose: Human falx cerebelli is an important anatomical structure in regard to its relations wit... more Purpose: Human falx cerebelli is an important anatomical structure in regard to its relations with venous structures during infratentorial approach to reach cerebellar tumors, vascular malformations, traumatic hemorrhage and Chiari malformations. The present study aim to describe the different types of variations of the falx cerebelli, its morphological features and its association with occipital venous sinuses. Method: In this study 49 dura mater was obtained from the Institution of Forensic Medicine. The length, width and the depth of the falx cerebelli were measured using a digital compass. The data obtained were statistically analyzed in relation to age and gender. The relations of the falx cerebelli with the occipital sinus was documented. Histological sections from the falx cerebelli were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin to evaluate the fine structure. Results: Among the 49 falx cerebelli examined 36 (73.5%) were classified as normal. The average length, width and depth of the normal falx cerebelli was 3.7, 1.0 and 0.4 cm respectively. Of the 49 falx cerebelli in 1 (2%) case it was absent, in 5 cases (10.2%) duplicate, in 5 cases (10.2%) triplicate, in 1 (2%) case quadruplets and in 1 case (2%) it was five-folded. The proximal and the distal attachments of the falx cerebelli showed 3 types of variations; both attachments triangular, the proximal attachments triangular and the distal ramified and distal attachments triangular and the proximal attachments ramified. The drainage of the occipital sinus of falx cerebelli with variations were evaluated. The increased number of falx cerebelli highly corresponded with the increased number of occipital sinus. Conclusions: The dural-venous variation in the posterior cranial fossa can be problematic in various diagnostic and operative procedures of this region. Neurosurgeons should be aware of such variations, as these could be potential sources of haemorrhage during the midline suboccipital and infratentorial approaches.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı değişik tespit solusyonlarıyla perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemler... more Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı değişik tespit solusyonlarıyla perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemlerini kullanarak farklı dokularda oluşan histolojik farklılıkları değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Wistar cinsi dişi sıçanlar perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemleri kullanılarak tespit edildi. Sıçanların beyin, karaciğer, böbrek ve ovaryum gibi çeşitli organlarından doku örnekleri alındı. Tespit sırasında 0.1 M fosfat tamponlu % 10 formalin, 0.1 M kakodilat tamponlu % 4 paraformaldehit ve 0.1 M kakodilat tamponlu % 2.5 gluteraldehit (CaCl2 ve MgCl2&#39;lü) olmak üzere değişik tespit solusyonları kullanıldı. Perfüzyon ve immersiyon tespit yöntemlerinin avantajları ve dezavantajları değerlendirildi. Doku kesitleri tespit artefaktları, tespit gradienti ve doku komponentlerinde oluşan değişiklikler bakımından incelendi. Bulgular: Mikroskobik incelemeler sonucunda perfüzyonun doku morfolojisini daha iyi koruduğu görüldü. Tespit solusyonlarıyla yaptığımız karşılaştırmada da 0.1 M kakodilat tamponlu % 4 paraformaldehit perfüzyonuyla iyi sonuçlar elde edildi. Sonuç: Perfüzyon yöntemiyle tespit solusyonu hücrelere vasküler sistem aracılığıyla hızlı bir şekilde ulaştığından dokuda istenmeyen tespit artefaktları ortadan kaldırıldı. Anahtar Kelime: Sıçanlar Solüsyonlar Işık Histositolojik preparasyon teknikleri İmmersiyon tesbit teknikleri Tespit solüsyonları Histolojik teknikler Mikroskopi Perfüzyon Doku tesbiti İmersiyon Sitolojik teknikler
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts can differentiate... more Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts can differentiate into neuronal cells by treatment with retinoic acid (RA). ES cells cultured as aggregates and as single cell suspensions were then exposed to RA which induced multiple phenotypes of neuronal cells. Differentiation was dependent on the concentration of RA and the time of exposure. In this study, we cultured ES cells as a suspension in which they formed embryoid bodies (EBs). The EBs were treated with varying concentrations of RA for differing times. We used increasing concentrations of RA (50 nM, 100 nM, 1 �M, and 3 �M) prepared from a stock of 10 mM RA in DMSO. Immunocytochemistry staining was carried out on 2, 5, 7, and 9 days of culture. We formed EBs for 4 days with standard ES cell medium (without LIF) plus an additional 4 days of treatment with 1 �M RA. ES cells were treated with 1 �M RA for 2 days in suspension culture. Two-day-old EBs plated on culture dishes were treated with 1 ...
The definitions concerning the fascia pretrachealis is either contradictory or insufficient in an... more The definitions concerning the fascia pretrachealis is either contradictory or insufficient in anatomy textbooks. The fascia pretrachealis is clinically important in the procedure of tracheostomy, mediastinascopy and also in tracheal and bronchial trauma. The anatomy of the fascia pretrachealis (extension, relation and the attachments) was reexamined using cadaveric preparations and the clinical value of the fascia is reinforced. The fascia pretrachealis is attached to the upper brim and to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and continued its course on the anterior surface of the trachea and fused with the advantitia of arch of the aorta, posterior aspect of pulmonary artery and the pericardium. Laterally it is attached to the cartilagenous part of the trachea. Also contraversial literature concerning description of the fascia pretrachealis has been evaluated.
Hypothalamic expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was quantified morphologically... more Hypothalamic expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was quantified morphologically in dwarf mice which exhibit spontaneous genetic GH absence. Mouse GHRH mRNA was assessed by in situ hybridization; densitometric evaluation of total mRNA in dwarfs showed levels 2.3-fold higher than in phenotypically normal siblings (p &lt; 0.01); assessment of mRNA per neuron by autoradiographic grain counting indicated a 2.5-fold increase per cell in dwarfs (p &lt; 0.005). GHRH peptide was evaluated immunocytochemically using a new mouse-specific antiserum; numbers of neurons containing detectable levels were 3-fold higher in dwarfs (p &lt; 0.005). The increase in GHRH mRNA corroborates that reported previously in the GH-deficient little mouse, and after hypophysectomy in rats; GHRH peptide increase contrasts with previous reports of the effect of acute GH removal by hypophysectomy, in which GHRH levels fell. The results suggest that chronic GH deficiency is accompanied by increased translation as well as transcription of GHRH.
We described a fetus who is delivered at 32.weeks of gestation by elective cesarian because of th... more We described a fetus who is delivered at 32.weeks of gestation by elective cesarian because of the fetal anhydria and unilateral hydronephrosis.A breech coming,1950 gr, 44 cm a newborn was delivered with multiple malformations and postpartum he didn't cry and siyanosis was appeared. After first interventions the newborns respiration didn't start and bradicardy occured. For this reasons entubation was needed but several trials concluded with lack of success. There was no response to resuscitation and newborn was accepted dead. The first physical examination of the newborn,tracheal atresia, webs, left microophthalmy, bilateral corneal opaque points, bilateral finger and toes syndactyly, hypospadias, low set ears were determined. Postpartum, by our first physical examination we determined bilateral finger and toes syndactylies, laryngeal atresia, hypospadias, micreophthalmia, development abnormality of right palpeprally, absence of the eyelash at the medially part of the right palpepra and there is a adherance between the palpepra and cornea, broad nose with low nasal bridge and the left corneal opasity. These and postmortem autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of Fraser syndrome.In this report we will focus on postpartum examinations of severe olygohidroamnios in families even if hiperechogenic lungs, previously similarly affected children.
ABSTRACT Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates homophilic adhesion between cells and het... more ABSTRACT Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) mediates homophilic adhesion between cells and heterophilic adhesion between cells and extracellular matrix in a Ca2+-independent manner. N-CAM is widely expressed during development and plays a crucial role in cell division, migration, and differentiation, but its expression is restricted in adults. The distribution of N-CAM immunoreactivity in adult rat tissues was investigated in the present study. N-CAM immunoreactivity was present in the nervous system in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, ependymal cells surrounding the central canal, axons of the white matter, and in Lamina X of the gray matter of the spinal cord. N-CAM immunoreactivity also was found in autonomic nerves. In the digestive system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was found in the stratified squamous epithelium and nerve plexus of the esophagus, glandular cells of the stomach and pylorus, lamina propria, and epithelium of the villi of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. N-CAM immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the secretory cells of the adenohypophysis, islets of Langerhans, and acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. Alveolar cells of the lung were also N-CAM immunoreactive. In the urinary system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was seen in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. In the male reproductive system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the nerve plexus around the urethral epithelium and in the nerve fibers around the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum penis. In the visual system, N-CAM immunoreactivity was seen in the epithelial cells of the corpus ciliaris. Cornea and lens epithelium also showed positive immunoreactivity. Our results suggest that cells in many tissues and organs of the adult rat synthesize N-CAM.
Background: Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment. What is known about the ef... more Background: Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment. What is known about the effects of implantoplasty on peri-implant soft tissue adhesion and cell behaviors is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological features and adhesion capacity of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells onto sand-blasted, largegrit, acid-etched (SLA ®) titanium (Ti) discs surfaces roughened with different implantoplasty protocols. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 48 Ti discs divided into four groups (n=12) per group: Group I: machined, smooth surface discs; Group II: SLA ® surface discs; Group III: SLA ® surface discs roughened with diamond bur sequence (40 and 15-μm grit); Group IV: SLA ® surface discs roughened with diamond bur sequence (125 and 40-μm grit). Following polishing procedure, the surface roughness value of discs were assessed by a profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). HGFs were cultured on Ti discs and cell adhesion was examined after the 24 th , 48 th , and 72 nd hours. Statistical significance was set at the p≤0.05 level. Results: SEM analyses of the discs revealed that fibroblasts exhibited well-dispersion and a firm attachment in all groups. The cells in group I and II had thin and long radial extensions from the areas where the nucleus was located to the periphery; however attached cells in group III and IV showed more spindle-shaped morphology. The surface roughness parameters of the test groups were lower than those of the SLA ®. The SLA ® group showed the highest HGF adhesion (group II) (p≤0.05). HGF adhesion in group IV was greater compared to group III, but less than group I. Conclusions: This study showed that the characteristics of the burs applied in the implantoplasty protocol are determinant for the surface roughness and fibroblast adhesion occurs on surfaces with decrased roughness following implantoplasty. Consequently, it should be kept in mind that the surface properties of the implant may affect the adherent cell morphology and adhesion.
and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and... more and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and then the testes removed as in group 4. Both testicles were examined histologically, with apoptosis detected using the in situ DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) system, with combined enzymology and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS In groups 2 (torsion) and 3 (detorsion), light microscopy of the testis showed some degenerative changes in the germ cells. Compared to group 1, apoptosis was more significant in group 3 than in the other groups. Group 4 (torsion/IGF-1) had a similar number of apoptotic germ cells as in group 2 (torsion) after 24 h, but fewer than the same group after 4 h. In group 5 (detorsion/IGF-1), apoptosis was reduced by IGF-1 significantly more than in group 3 (P < 0.05). Apoptosis was significantly less in spermatids in group 5 than in group 3 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 seems to lower the levels of germ cell apoptosis, which may be important for protecting the testes from torsion/detorsion injury. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate this protective effect in testicular torsion/detorsion.
and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and... more and the left after 24 h; in group 5, IGF-1 was injected immediately after bilateral detorsion and then the testes removed as in group 4. Both testicles were examined histologically, with apoptosis detected using the in situ DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) system, with combined enzymology and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS In groups 2 (torsion) and 3 (detorsion), light microscopy of the testis showed some degenerative changes in the germ cells. Compared to group 1, apoptosis was more significant in group 3 than in the other groups. Group 4 (torsion/IGF-1) had a similar number of apoptotic germ cells as in group 2 (torsion) after 24 h, but fewer than the same group after 4 h. In group 5 (detorsion/IGF-1), apoptosis was reduced by IGF-1 significantly more than in group 3 (P < 0.05). Apoptosis was significantly less in spermatids in group 5 than in group 3 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IGF-1 seems to lower the levels of germ cell apoptosis, which may be important for protecting the testes from torsion/detorsion injury. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate this protective effect in testicular torsion/detorsion.
Electron microscopic examination was performed to show the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha... more Electron microscopic examination was performed to show the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on Paneth and goblet cells in rat intestines. After the administration of IFN-alpha (70,000 IU/kg), many cells of both types were depleted of secretory granules and their apical membranes had the deep cavitation that accompanies recent compound exocytotic activity. These results may indicate the involvement of these cells in the inflammatory reactions via IFN-alpha and this model provides a powerful tool to study differential effects of IFN-alpha on Paneth and goblet cells.
The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation ... more The research base for telemedicine is expanding with nearly the voracity that the implementation of tele-medicine systems has. Telerounding is one specific subset of telemedicine where a team of physicians will gather in a specific location and use a telepresence robot to perform their day to day rounding procedures. This type of telemedicine is fairly new, and thus is lacking a solid research base to guide the implementa-tion and usage of such a system. This paper is an initial attempt at a comprehensive list of best practices for such a system and is based off of current telemedicine literature as well as the experience of the authors.
The histopathological effects of cholesterol and the protective effects of vitamin E and selenium... more The histopathological effects of cholesterol and the protective effects of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on renal histology were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. Light-microscopic evaluation of the renal cortex revealed: glomerular fibrosis, cellular and mesangial proliferation, capillary obliteration and cholesterol crystals in the tubular lumina of the cholesterol-fed group. These results suggest that oxidated LDL (O-LDL) is a cytotoxic factor which stimulates mesangial cell and matrix proliferation. Ultrastructurally, small and large lipid vacuolization in intracapillary lumina, adhesion of epithelial foot processes, mesangial foam cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in the cholesterol-fed group. In the groups fed cholesterol + vitamin E, cholesterol + Se and cholesterol + vitamin E + Se, morphological improvements were observed. It appeared that an excess in O-LDL, reactive oxygen species and growth factors might play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulo...
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