Papers by Lütfullah Ufuk Erdoğan
Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, 2024
Lütfullah Ufuk ERDOĞAN Gizem YILMAZ ** Öne Çıkanlar: • 2022 kazı sezonunda kilisede kazı ve ona... more Lütfullah Ufuk ERDOĞAN Gizem YILMAZ ** Öne Çıkanlar: • 2022 kazı sezonunda kilisede kazı ve onarım çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. • Letoon kilisesinde iki adet Lykia Tipi, üç adet Kuzey Afrika Tipi ve üç adet Küçük Asya Tipi kandil tespit edilmiştir. • Pişmiş toprak olan bu kandiller MS V.-VII. yüzyıllar arasına tarihlendirilmiştir. Öz: Lykia Bölgesi'nin kutsal alanı olan Letoon, günümüzde Muğla ili, Seydikemer ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. 2022 kazı sezonunda tiyatro ve nekropol alanlarının yanı sıra Hristiyanlık inancıyla birlikte kutsal alan içerisinde inşa edilmiş olan kilisede kazı ve onarım çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sırasında tüm ya da büyük oranda tümlenebilir sekiz adet kandil tespit edilmiştir. Kandiller üç ayrı tip altında incelenmiştir. Bu tipler Lykia'da sıkça karşılaştığımız Lykia Tipi, Kuzey Afrika Tipi ve Küçük Asya/Ephesus Tipi kandillerdir. Aynı kontekst içerisinde değerlendirilen ve beşinin omuz, diskus ve tabanında betimleme görülen bu kandillerin bir kısmı çark bir kısmı ise kalıp yapımıdır. Bu çalışmada sekiz adet pişmiş toprak kandilin tipolojik değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve bu kandiller döneminin benzerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada değerlendirilen bu kandillerin, kilisenin kullanım evresiyle paralel olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2022
The harbour structures that form the subject of this study are some of the best-preserved example... more The harbour structures that form the subject of this study are some of the best-preserved examples in western Anatolia. A plan of Adramytteion city harbour has been drawn to evaluate the character of the harbour architecture and identify different types of blocks used. Together with geo radar and geomagnetic survey, these data have been used to consider the construction techniques and phases of the harbour. Dating has been made through comparisons with similar harbours and excavated material from the adjacent town.
PHASELIS, 2022
Antikçağ denizciliğinin zirveye ulaştığı Roma Dönemi’nde inşa edilen limanlar imparatorluğun mima... more Antikçağ denizciliğinin zirveye ulaştığı Roma Dönemi’nde inşa edilen limanlar imparatorluğun mimari gücü ve ticaretini temsilen sikkeler üzerinde betimlenmişlerdir. Çalışmamızın odağını Roma Dönemi’nde pek fazla örneği olmayan Anadolu’nun Doğu Akdeniz kıyılarındaki Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis, Aegeai darplarındaki liman betimlemeleri oluşturmaktadır. Bunu yaparken Roma Dönemi Doğu Akdeniz ticaretinin kalbinin attığı önemli liman kentlerinden olan Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis ve Aegai’a ilişkin Roma Dönemi’ne ait nümizmatik buluntular tipolojik açıdan mercek altına alınacaktır. Ayrıca söz konusu liman kentlerinin halihazırda su altında kalan liman yapılarının planları, donatıları ve konstrüksiyonlarının sikke darpları, bölgeyi ziyaret eden seyyahların raporları ve modern sualtı araştırmalarına dair literatür bilgileri ışığında çok yönlü bir şekilde tartışılacaktır.
The harbours built during the Roman Period, when the archaic maritime reached its peak, were depicted on coins representing the architectural power and trade of the empire. Our study focuses on the depictions of harbours on the coins of Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis and Aegeai located on the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Anatolia, which have few examples in the Roman Period. The numismatic findings from the Roman Period of Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis and Aegai, which were prominent harbour cities serving as the hub of the Eastern Mediterranean trade, will be examined typologically. The plans, reinforcements, and constructions of the underwater harbour structures in these harbour cities will also be discussed from a wide perspective based on the reports of the travelers visiting the region and the literature on the modern underwater research.
2019-2020 Yılı Kazı ÇAlışmaları, 2022
Adalya, 2021
The Tek Ada Shipwreck was discovered during underwater surveys around Kekova Adası, which is loca... more The Tek Ada Shipwreck was discovered during underwater surveys around Kekova Adası, which is located within the district of Demre in the province of Antalya. The shipwreck, first detected in 2015, had been damaged by illicit diggings in 2017. As a result of excavating some of the sand on it, some timbers from the shipwreck were exposed. This situation caused the decomposition of the ship to increase rapidly. For this reason, to understand the characteristics of the shipwreck and to determine what necessary protective measures should be taken, studies were carried out within the scope of the “Kekova Adası Archeological Underwater Detection-Protection and Rescue Excavation Project” in 2018. During the excavation works, we observed that some of the timbers of the ship’s lower hull and its ballast have survived until today. The ship was built by using the frame-based method of construction. The Tek Ada Shipwreck is one of the rare shipwrecks on the Anatolian coast whose timbers have been preserved. These are thought to belong to the medieval period or later. In addition, around the shipwreck area and during the excavation, fragments from the ship in various forms and from different periods - made both of terracotta and lead and copper/ cooper alloy - were also identified.
O LB A XXVIII, 2020
Cnidus, southwest of Anatolia is located at the tip of the peninsula called as the Datça Peninsul... more Cnidus, southwest of Anatolia is located at the tip of the peninsula called as the Datça Peninsula or Reşadiye, was known as the Cnidus Peninsula in Antiquity. The city, which is located within the borders of the Carian Region has two harbors with commercial and military. Together with its two harbors, the city is an important port of call on the Eastern Mediterranean trade route starting from Egypt. The aim of this study is
to research the maritime activities of the region with the underwater researches carried out in and around the city, to determine the underwater cultural property and to contribute to the clarification of the relations with other civilizations in maritime trade. In this context, the ports have played an important role in the historical process of the city until its abandonment. The studies carried out between 2015 and 2017 were a continuation of the activities carried out in 2014. The studies were continued by adding two different regions to the ongoing underwater researches.
37. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, 2019
OLBA, 2020
Cnidus, southwest of Anatolia is located at the tip of the peninsula called as the
Datça Peninsul... more Cnidus, southwest of Anatolia is located at the tip of the peninsula called as the
Datça Peninsula or Reşadiye, was known as the Cnidus Peninsula in Antiquity. The city, which is located within the borders of the Carian Region has two harbors with commercial and military. Together with its two harbors, the city is an important port of call on the Eastern Mediterranean trade route starting from Egypt. The aim of this study is to research the maritime activities of the region with the underwater researches carried out in and around the city, to determine the underwater cultural property and to contribute to the clarification of the relations with other civilizations in maritime trade. In this context, the ports have played an important role in the historical process of the city until its abandonment. The studies carried out between 2015 and 2017 were a continuation of the activities carried out in 2014. The studies were continued by adding two different regions to the ongoing underwater researches.
As a result of these investigations conducted in the areas called as Aslanlı Burun and Kap Krio, a large number of amphorae were identified. When these amphorae were classified, it was determined that they belonged to ten different types and nine different origins dating to various periods. In this scope, Samos and South Aegean Origined Mushroom Mouth Amphorae dating from the earliest period are of Aegean and Islands origin, while the late samples AE 5-6 and LR 1 are amphorae of Egypt and Cilicia. Apart from these amphoras, the amphorae of Cnidus, Rhodian, Chios, Dressel 20 and Africa II are the other types of amphorae determined in this study.
CEDRUS, 2019
There are three different coastal settlements in three different regions of the island in the res... more There are three different coastal settlements in three different regions of the island in the researches on the island of Kekova, which is located in Demre district of Antalya province. One of these settlements is the Tersane Bay Settlement on the west end of the island, the North Settlement located on the northern slope of the island, and the last one is the Fener Settlement Area on the eastern end of the island. In the surveys conducted on the island between 2012 and 2018, few ceramic finds were found. On the other hand, in the underwater surveys around the island, a large number of different forms and periods of ceramic fragments were encountered. Some of these are thrown from the island while some of them belong to the ships that use the trade route. A total of nine lamps were found in these ceramics, 6 of which were on the island and 3 of them underwater. These lamps, which constitute our study, have been evaluated and dated with their similarities and places. Six of the oil lamps evaluated were the Late Antiquity witnessed by the island's dense settlement, and one of them was III. century AD.
40.Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 2019
CEDRUS, 2018
Kekova Island is located in today's Antalyaprovince and within the borders of Demre county. It is... more Kekova Island is located in today's Antalyaprovince and within the borders of Demre county. It islocated in Central Lycia within the borders of the Ly-cian Region in Antiquity. The Kekova Island, whichruns parallel to the coast, is located on the maritimetrade route extending from Egypt to Rome. Numeroustrade amphoras found underwater in studies conductedin the Kekova region clearly demonstrate the intensityof overseas trade in this region. Rhodian amphoraeforming a group of amphoras found by us in underwa-ter survey investigations between 2012-2017 is the ma-terial of our study. In this study, in particular Rhodianamphoras, the trade relationship between Rhodian andLycia, which has been in the commercial for many yearsover the sea, has been evaluated.
2. Turgut Reis ve Türk Denizcilik Tarihi Uluslararası Sempozyumu, 1-4 Kasım 2013, 2015
Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 2017
Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 2016
ANADOS, 2011
Giresun (Aretias/Khalkeritis) Island is located 1.7 km off the mainland of Giresun province in Tu... more Giresun (Aretias/Khalkeritis) Island is located 1.7 km off the mainland of Giresun province in Turkey. It has an area of 4 hectares and has been settled since the Classical period to the present day. During excavations carried out on the island in 2011 – 2012, the main church (Katholikon) of a monastery dated between 9th and 12th century was uncovered. In chapels of the church were found skeletons of 172 individuals. Based on these burial grounds and skeletons, burial customs and demographic characteristics of island communities were determined.
K. Levent Zoroğlu’na Armağan, 2013
Giresun Island is located 17 kilometres off the city Kerasous (modern Giresun) which was one of t... more Giresun Island is located 17 kilometres off the city Kerasous (modern Giresun) which was one of the important Greek colony settlements of East Pontus region in ancient times. Its square measure is approximately 40 hectare and shores have a rocky topography. Central part of the island is sufficiently plain as to allow settlements, and accordingly the buildings on the island are located in this central area. During the excavations carried out between 2011 and 2012, a church complex devoted to Eleousa or Saint Phocas and dated between 9 and 11 AD was unearthed. In addition, some detection was made providing data about Hellenistic Temple and Late Roman buildings which are the former phases of the church building. Excavations were focused on the church in the centre and chapels together with narthex which were used as grave yards respecting the church. As a result of studies, ceramic findings shedding light to the classical and latter ages of Giresun Island as well as tombs giving information about interment habits especially in 9th and 11th centuries were detected.
30. Araştırma Sonuçları, 2013
Books by Lütfullah Ufuk Erdoğan
A Polichnion Lycia Kekova Island Research Results, 2024
Bulunduğu bölgeye adını veren Kekova Adası günümüz Antalya ili Demre ilçesi ile Kaş ilçesi arasın... more Bulunduğu bölgeye adını veren Kekova Adası günümüz Antalya ili Demre ilçesi ile Kaş ilçesi arasında kalan bölgede, ana karadan 1 km açıkta yer almaktadır. Antikçağ Akdeniz deniz ticaret rotası üzerinde yer alan ada yaklaşık 7 km uzunluğunda 1.6 km genişliğindedir.
Adanın engebeli ve kayalık yapısı tarıma uygun olmamakla birlikte kentsel yerleşimi de oldukça kısıtlamaktadır. Bu nedenle adanın sadece üç bölümünde yerleşim bulunmaktadır. Bu yerleşimler batıdan doğuya doğru sırasıyla Tersane Koyu Yerleşimi, Kuzey Yerleşim (Batık Şehir) ve Fener Yerleşimi olarak adlandırılmaktadır.
Kekova Adası yakın dönemde modern yerleşim görmemiştir. Bölge hem arkeolojik sit hem de özel çevre koruma alanı kapsamında olması nedeniyle adanın antikçağ yerleşim birimleri iyi korunmuştur. Günümüzde her ne kadar insan tahribatından korunmuş olsa da antikçağda bölgeyi etkileyen depremlerin yıkıcı etkileri özellikle adanın kıyı alanlarında izlenebilmektedir. Bu durumun sonucu olarak Kekova Bölgesi’nde bulunan antikçağ kıyı yerleşimlerinin liman alanları ve kıyı yapıları günümüzde yaklaşık iki metre sualtındadır.
Daha önce bütüncül bir bilimsel araştırmaya konu edilmemiş ada üzerinde, kıyı-ada yerleşimi karakterindeki üç yerleşim biriminin tamamında; bir kilise / manastır, altı kilise, beş şapel, iki hamam, beş balık sosu işliği, beş şarap / zeytinyağı işliği, 260 konut, iki kule çiftlik, 107 sarnıç, beş kireç ocağı, üç liman, iki demirleme alanı ve 13 rıhtım, sualtı araştırmalarında ise yedi batık alanı, 45 farklı tipte amphora belgelenmiştir. Yukarıda sözü edilen yapılar ve buluntular 12 ana başlık altında ele alınmıştır.
Daha çok köy (deme) ya da kentçik (polikhnion) tipinde süreklilik gösteren yerleşim modeli karakterindeki ada ve kıyıları; mimari yapılar açısından MÖ 4. yüzyıl ile Erken Doğu Roma Dönemi aralığı, sualtı çalışmalarında tespit edilen amphora buluntularıyla da MÖ 8. yüzyıl ile MS 13. yüzyıl aralığında bir buluntu yelpazesi sergilemektedir.
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Papers by Lütfullah Ufuk Erdoğan
The harbours built during the Roman Period, when the archaic maritime reached its peak, were depicted on coins representing the architectural power and trade of the empire. Our study focuses on the depictions of harbours on the coins of Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis and Aegeai located on the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Anatolia, which have few examples in the Roman Period. The numismatic findings from the Roman Period of Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis and Aegai, which were prominent harbour cities serving as the hub of the Eastern Mediterranean trade, will be examined typologically. The plans, reinforcements, and constructions of the underwater harbour structures in these harbour cities will also be discussed from a wide perspective based on the reports of the travelers visiting the region and the literature on the modern underwater research.
to research the maritime activities of the region with the underwater researches carried out in and around the city, to determine the underwater cultural property and to contribute to the clarification of the relations with other civilizations in maritime trade. In this context, the ports have played an important role in the historical process of the city until its abandonment. The studies carried out between 2015 and 2017 were a continuation of the activities carried out in 2014. The studies were continued by adding two different regions to the ongoing underwater researches.
Datça Peninsula or Reşadiye, was known as the Cnidus Peninsula in Antiquity. The city, which is located within the borders of the Carian Region has two harbors with commercial and military. Together with its two harbors, the city is an important port of call on the Eastern Mediterranean trade route starting from Egypt. The aim of this study is to research the maritime activities of the region with the underwater researches carried out in and around the city, to determine the underwater cultural property and to contribute to the clarification of the relations with other civilizations in maritime trade. In this context, the ports have played an important role in the historical process of the city until its abandonment. The studies carried out between 2015 and 2017 were a continuation of the activities carried out in 2014. The studies were continued by adding two different regions to the ongoing underwater researches.
As a result of these investigations conducted in the areas called as Aslanlı Burun and Kap Krio, a large number of amphorae were identified. When these amphorae were classified, it was determined that they belonged to ten different types and nine different origins dating to various periods. In this scope, Samos and South Aegean Origined Mushroom Mouth Amphorae dating from the earliest period are of Aegean and Islands origin, while the late samples AE 5-6 and LR 1 are amphorae of Egypt and Cilicia. Apart from these amphoras, the amphorae of Cnidus, Rhodian, Chios, Dressel 20 and Africa II are the other types of amphorae determined in this study.
Books by Lütfullah Ufuk Erdoğan
Adanın engebeli ve kayalık yapısı tarıma uygun olmamakla birlikte kentsel yerleşimi de oldukça kısıtlamaktadır. Bu nedenle adanın sadece üç bölümünde yerleşim bulunmaktadır. Bu yerleşimler batıdan doğuya doğru sırasıyla Tersane Koyu Yerleşimi, Kuzey Yerleşim (Batık Şehir) ve Fener Yerleşimi olarak adlandırılmaktadır.
Kekova Adası yakın dönemde modern yerleşim görmemiştir. Bölge hem arkeolojik sit hem de özel çevre koruma alanı kapsamında olması nedeniyle adanın antikçağ yerleşim birimleri iyi korunmuştur. Günümüzde her ne kadar insan tahribatından korunmuş olsa da antikçağda bölgeyi etkileyen depremlerin yıkıcı etkileri özellikle adanın kıyı alanlarında izlenebilmektedir. Bu durumun sonucu olarak Kekova Bölgesi’nde bulunan antikçağ kıyı yerleşimlerinin liman alanları ve kıyı yapıları günümüzde yaklaşık iki metre sualtındadır.
Daha önce bütüncül bir bilimsel araştırmaya konu edilmemiş ada üzerinde, kıyı-ada yerleşimi karakterindeki üç yerleşim biriminin tamamında; bir kilise / manastır, altı kilise, beş şapel, iki hamam, beş balık sosu işliği, beş şarap / zeytinyağı işliği, 260 konut, iki kule çiftlik, 107 sarnıç, beş kireç ocağı, üç liman, iki demirleme alanı ve 13 rıhtım, sualtı araştırmalarında ise yedi batık alanı, 45 farklı tipte amphora belgelenmiştir. Yukarıda sözü edilen yapılar ve buluntular 12 ana başlık altında ele alınmıştır.
Daha çok köy (deme) ya da kentçik (polikhnion) tipinde süreklilik gösteren yerleşim modeli karakterindeki ada ve kıyıları; mimari yapılar açısından MÖ 4. yüzyıl ile Erken Doğu Roma Dönemi aralığı, sualtı çalışmalarında tespit edilen amphora buluntularıyla da MÖ 8. yüzyıl ile MS 13. yüzyıl aralığında bir buluntu yelpazesi sergilemektedir.
The harbours built during the Roman Period, when the archaic maritime reached its peak, were depicted on coins representing the architectural power and trade of the empire. Our study focuses on the depictions of harbours on the coins of Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis and Aegeai located on the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Anatolia, which have few examples in the Roman Period. The numismatic findings from the Roman Period of Side, Soli-Pompeiopolis and Aegai, which were prominent harbour cities serving as the hub of the Eastern Mediterranean trade, will be examined typologically. The plans, reinforcements, and constructions of the underwater harbour structures in these harbour cities will also be discussed from a wide perspective based on the reports of the travelers visiting the region and the literature on the modern underwater research.
to research the maritime activities of the region with the underwater researches carried out in and around the city, to determine the underwater cultural property and to contribute to the clarification of the relations with other civilizations in maritime trade. In this context, the ports have played an important role in the historical process of the city until its abandonment. The studies carried out between 2015 and 2017 were a continuation of the activities carried out in 2014. The studies were continued by adding two different regions to the ongoing underwater researches.
Datça Peninsula or Reşadiye, was known as the Cnidus Peninsula in Antiquity. The city, which is located within the borders of the Carian Region has two harbors with commercial and military. Together with its two harbors, the city is an important port of call on the Eastern Mediterranean trade route starting from Egypt. The aim of this study is to research the maritime activities of the region with the underwater researches carried out in and around the city, to determine the underwater cultural property and to contribute to the clarification of the relations with other civilizations in maritime trade. In this context, the ports have played an important role in the historical process of the city until its abandonment. The studies carried out between 2015 and 2017 were a continuation of the activities carried out in 2014. The studies were continued by adding two different regions to the ongoing underwater researches.
As a result of these investigations conducted in the areas called as Aslanlı Burun and Kap Krio, a large number of amphorae were identified. When these amphorae were classified, it was determined that they belonged to ten different types and nine different origins dating to various periods. In this scope, Samos and South Aegean Origined Mushroom Mouth Amphorae dating from the earliest period are of Aegean and Islands origin, while the late samples AE 5-6 and LR 1 are amphorae of Egypt and Cilicia. Apart from these amphoras, the amphorae of Cnidus, Rhodian, Chios, Dressel 20 and Africa II are the other types of amphorae determined in this study.
Adanın engebeli ve kayalık yapısı tarıma uygun olmamakla birlikte kentsel yerleşimi de oldukça kısıtlamaktadır. Bu nedenle adanın sadece üç bölümünde yerleşim bulunmaktadır. Bu yerleşimler batıdan doğuya doğru sırasıyla Tersane Koyu Yerleşimi, Kuzey Yerleşim (Batık Şehir) ve Fener Yerleşimi olarak adlandırılmaktadır.
Kekova Adası yakın dönemde modern yerleşim görmemiştir. Bölge hem arkeolojik sit hem de özel çevre koruma alanı kapsamında olması nedeniyle adanın antikçağ yerleşim birimleri iyi korunmuştur. Günümüzde her ne kadar insan tahribatından korunmuş olsa da antikçağda bölgeyi etkileyen depremlerin yıkıcı etkileri özellikle adanın kıyı alanlarında izlenebilmektedir. Bu durumun sonucu olarak Kekova Bölgesi’nde bulunan antikçağ kıyı yerleşimlerinin liman alanları ve kıyı yapıları günümüzde yaklaşık iki metre sualtındadır.
Daha önce bütüncül bir bilimsel araştırmaya konu edilmemiş ada üzerinde, kıyı-ada yerleşimi karakterindeki üç yerleşim biriminin tamamında; bir kilise / manastır, altı kilise, beş şapel, iki hamam, beş balık sosu işliği, beş şarap / zeytinyağı işliği, 260 konut, iki kule çiftlik, 107 sarnıç, beş kireç ocağı, üç liman, iki demirleme alanı ve 13 rıhtım, sualtı araştırmalarında ise yedi batık alanı, 45 farklı tipte amphora belgelenmiştir. Yukarıda sözü edilen yapılar ve buluntular 12 ana başlık altında ele alınmıştır.
Daha çok köy (deme) ya da kentçik (polikhnion) tipinde süreklilik gösteren yerleşim modeli karakterindeki ada ve kıyıları; mimari yapılar açısından MÖ 4. yüzyıl ile Erken Doğu Roma Dönemi aralığı, sualtı çalışmalarında tespit edilen amphora buluntularıyla da MÖ 8. yüzyıl ile MS 13. yüzyıl aralığında bir buluntu yelpazesi sergilemektedir.