History

The Ottoman Empire, like every long-lived state, experienced changes in institutional and administrative context in various periods. Perhaps the most striking of these changes took place at the beginning of the 17th century. The sultan, who monopolized the power in the Classical Period, became only a part of the power in the 17th century. In this period, Grand viziers, who were previously in the position of proxy of the power, have to fight in order to be a partner in power. The courtiers, who were closer to the sultan than ever before, became the powerful actors of the new order as the surprise partners of the power.
Our study focuses on the understanding of power of Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha and Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha, the grand viziers of the Sultan Ibrahim period, and the struggles they gave or did not give for their power. Sultan İbrahim was suffering from his mental health. He almost divided his power among the people of the palace. How the vizier, who is the absolute deputy, behaves in such an environment is of vital importance for the state. In fact, there are only two options in front of him; struggling for full power or submitting to other power centers in order to stay in power.

Roman religion was showing pastoral characteristics with its influence on
agricultural life in the early times. Therefore, the content and purpose of the rituals
performed at this stage of the religion generally showed agricultural characteristics.
The celebrations held at this stage were held for gods named numen who did not have
a certain shape. The celebrations generally consisted of prayer and presentation
ceremonies held to ensure fertility. At the nextstage of the religion, the Roman religion
turned into a religion based on the family. At this stage, the family and the family
house were considered sacred, and the celebrations were held in order to ensure the
continuity of the family and the house. With the increasing nationalization of the
Romans, the family religion has become a state religion. Thus, celebrations for family
and home began to be held for the Roman people and the state.
Over time, the Romans came into contact with different civilizations, such as the
Etruscans and the Greeks it has started. With this contact, the religions of these cultures
also influenced the Roman religion. Etruscan and Greek their gods were included in
the Roman religion by taking Latin names. Thus it has a shape non-Roman gods have
taken on the silhouette of a human being. However, the celebrations and the number
of festivals has increased more and more. Thus, many religious rituals, parades are
included in the festivities, purification rituals, banquets, libations and demonstrationqualified games have been added. That being said the objectives of the festivals have
also increased. Festivals delight the gods, commemorating events in mythology such
purposes as procuring victories and glorifying ancient victories have been added. Most
of the festivals his favorite activities have been the demonstrations. These shows,
called Ludi from gladiator fights, horse races, animal shows and sea battles it has been
formed. These demonstrations, the origins of which are not exactly known, were held
in the east of the state center it has continued even after its relocation. Apart from
festivals held to gods like this he organized festivals in the dead. The purpose of these
festivals is to commemorate the souls of deceased ancestors and it has been to ensure
their peace of mind. Besides festivals like this, political, official and national it was
held at festivals showing special features. This study was conducted in Rome and the
above-mentioned show is qualified, with religious and death cult content and with
political and official qualificationsimportant festivals will be discussed. The aim of the
study is to investigate the Roman culture and the social the most important element in
life is to introduce it with festivals.