AMINOACIZI
AMINOACIZI
AMINOACIZI
PEPTIDE
PROTEINE
AMINOACIZI
In funcie de structura chimic:
1. aminoacizi monoamino-monocarboxilici
2. aminoacizi monoamino-dicarboxilici i derivai
3. aminoacizi diamino-monocarboxilici i derivai
4. hidroxiaminoacizi
5. tioaminoacizi
6. aminoacizi heterociclici
deoarece
- conformatia unei peptide/proteine
depinde de interactiunile intra- si
intermoleculare stabilite intre R
COOH
H+ +
_ H3N C H B
COO
+ R
H3N C H _
_ COO
R HO
H2N C H C
A
R
pI = (pKi + pKj)
Stereochimia aminoacizilor
COOH
H2 N C H
CH2R
Aminoaciziil sunt molecule optic active
Aminoacizi din proteine
CH3 _
Valina* Val CH CH COO 2.2 9.7
CH3 + NH
3
CH3 _
Leucina* Leu CH CH2 CH COO 2.3 9.7
CH3 +
NH3
_
Izoleucina* Ile CH3 CH2 CH CH COO 2.3 9.8
+
CH3 NH3
pK1 pK2
Aminoacid Simbol Structura pKR
(COOH) (NH2)
Aminoacizi cu sulf
_
Cisteina Cys HS CH2 CH COO 1.9 10.8 8.3
+
NH3
_
Metionina* Met CH3 S (CH2)2 CH COO 2.1 9.3
+
NH3
Structura
pK1 pK2
Aminoacid Simbol pKR
Aminoacizi dicarboxilici (COOH) (NH2)
si derivati
_ _
OOC CH2 CH COO
Acid Asp 2.0 9.9 3.9
+ NH
aspartic 3
_
H2N C CH2 CH COO 2.1 8.8
Asparagina Asn
O + NH
3
_ _
Acid OOC CH2 CH2 CH COO 2.1 9.5 4.1
Glu
glutamic + NH
3
_
H2N C CH2 CH2 CH COO
Glutamina Gln + NH 2.2 9.1
O 3
pK1 pK2
Aminoacid Simbol Structura pKR
(COOH) (NH2)
Aminoacizi bazici
_
Arginina Arg HN CH2 CH2 CH2 CH COO 1.8 9.0 12.5
+ +
C NH2 NH3
NH2
Imino-acizi
_
+ COO
Prolina Pro N 2.0 10.6
H H
Proprietile aminoacizilor
a) decarboxilarea (aminoacid decarboxilaze) => amine biogene
Arginina ciclul ureei H2N(CH2)3CHCOOH H2N(CH2)4NH2
- CO2
NH2
ornitina putresceina
Lizina _ CO NH2 (CH2)5 NH2
2
cadaverina
c) transaminarea
_
(aminotransferaze = transaminaze)
_ _
COO COOH COO COO
+ transaminaze +
H3N C H + C O C O + H3N C H
R1 R2 R1 R2
Alanina + a-cetoglutarat GTP
piruvat + glutamat
GTP = glutamat pituvat transaminaza
d) esterificarea protejarea COOH in sinteza peptidica
-COOH -COOR
OH
_
OOC CH2 CH2 HO CH2 N
+
+H N CH CH2 CH2 NH3
3 2 CH2 N
HO H
NH2
GABA Dopamina Histamina
I I _ legatura izopeptidica
COO NH3+ Cys
HO O CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 C NH CH CH2 SH
_ _
H3N + COO Glu O O C NH CH2 COO
I I
Gly
Tiroxina Glutation
Rspndire
n organism